| 1. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
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| 2. |
- Paschke, K. D., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental determination of the complete spin structure for (p)over-barp ->(Lambda)over-bar Lambda at p((p)over-bar)=1.637 GeV/c
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 74:1, s. 015206-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reaction (p) over barp -> (Lambda) over bar Lambda -> (p) over bar pi(+)p pi(-) has been measured with high statistics at a beam momentum of p((p) over bar)=1.637GeV/c. The use of a transversely polarized frozen-spin target combined with the self-analyzing property of Lambda/(Lambda) over bar decay allows access to unprecedented information on the spin structure of the interaction. The most general spin-scattering matrix can be written in terms of 11 real parameters for each bin of scattering angle; each of these parameters is determined with reasonable precision. From these results, all conceivable spin correlations are determined with inherent self-consistency. Good agreement is found with the few previously existing measurements of spin observables in (p) over barp ->(Lambda) over bar Lambda near this energy. Existing theoretical models do not give good predictions for those spin observables that had not been previously measured.
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| 3. |
- Alonderis, A, et al.
(författare)
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Medico-legal implications of sleep apnoea syndrome: Driving license regulations in Europe.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sleep medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 9:4, s. 362-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS), one of the main medical causes of excessive daytime sleepiness, has been shown to be a risk factor for traffic accidents. Treating SAS results in a normalized rate of traffic accidents. As part of the COST Action B-26, we looked at driving license regulations, and especially at its medical aspects in the European region. METHODS: We obtained data from Transport Authorities in 25 countries (Austria, AT; Belgium, BE; Czech Republic, CZ; Denmark, DK; Estonia, EE; Finland, FI; France, FR; Germany, DE; Greece, GR; Hungary, HU; Ireland, IE; Italy, IT; Lithuania, LT; Luxembourg, LU; Malta, MT; Netherlands, NL; Norway, EC; Poland, PL; Portugal, PT; Slovakia, SK; Slovenia, SI; Spain, ES; Sweden, SE; Switzerland, CH; United Kingdom, UK). RESULTS: Driving license regulations date from 1997 onwards. Excessive daytime sleepiness is mentioned in nine, whereas sleep apnoea syndrome is mentioned in 10 countries. A patient with untreated sleep apnoea is always considered unfit to drive. To recover the driving capacity, seven countries rely on a physician's medical certificate based on symptom control and compliance with therapy, whereas in two countries it is up to the patient to decide (on his doctor's advice) to drive again. Only FR requires a normalized electroencephalography (EEG)-based Maintenance of Wakefulness Test for professional drivers. Rare conditions (e.g., narcolepsy) are considered a driving safety risk more frequently than sleep apnoea syndrome. CONCLUSION: Despite the available scientific evidence, most countries in Europe do not include sleep apnoea syndrome or excessive daytime sleepiness among the specific medical conditions to be considered when judging whether or not a person is fit to drive. A unified European Directive seems desirable.
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| 4. |
- Hicks, Andrew A., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic determinants of circulating sphingolipid concentrations in European populations
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 5:10, s. e1000672-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sphingolipids have essential roles as structural components of cell membranes and in cell signalling, and disruption of their metabolism causes several diseases, with diverse neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic consequences. Increasingly, variants within a few of the genes that encode enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism are being associated with complex disease phenotypes. Direct experimental evidence supports a role of specific sphingolipid species in several common complex chronic disease processes including atherosclerotic plaque formation, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiomyopathy, pancreatic β-cell failure, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, sphingolipids represent novel and important intermediate phenotypes for genetic analysis, yet little is known about the major genetic variants that influence their circulating levels in the general population. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) between 318,237 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and levels of circulating sphingomyelin (SM), dihydrosphingomyelin (Dih-SM), ceramide (Cer), and glucosylceramide (GluCer) single lipid species (33 traits); and 43 matched metabolite ratios measured in 4,400 subjects from five diverse European populations. Associated variants (32) in five genomic regions were identified with genome-wide significant corrected p-values ranging down to 9.08×10−66. The strongest associations were observed in or near 7 genes functionally involved in ceramide biosynthesis and trafficking: SPTLC3, LASS4, SGPP1, ATP10D, and FADS1–3. Variants in 3 loci (ATP10D, FADS3, and SPTLC3) associate with MI in a series of three German MI studies. An additional 70 variants across 23 candidate genes involved in sphingolipid-metabolizing pathways also demonstrate association (p = 10−4 or less). Circulating concentrations of several key components in sphingolipid metabolism are thus under strong genetic control, and variants in these loci can be tested for a role in the development of common cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, and psychiatric diseases.
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| 5. |
- Balgobind, Brian V, et al.
(författare)
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Novel prognostic subgroups in childhood 11q23/MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia : results of an international retrospective study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 114:12, s. 2489-2496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Translocations involving chromosome 11q23 frequently occur in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with poor prognosis. In most cases, the MLL gene is involved, and more than 50 translocation partners have been described. Clinical outcome data of the 11q23-rearranged subgroups are scarce because most 11q23 series are too small for meaningful analysis of subgroups, although some studies suggest that patients with t(9;11)(p22;q23) have a more favorable prognosis. We retrospectively collected outcome data of 756 children with 11q23- or MLL-rearranged AML from 11 collaborative groups to identify differences in outcome based on translocation partners. All karyotypes were centrally reviewed before assigning patients to subgroups. The event-free survival of 11q23/MLL-rearranged pediatric AML at 5 years from diagnosis was 44% (+/- 5%), with large differences across subgroups (11% +/- 5% to 92% +/- 5%). Multivariate analysis identified the following subgroups as independent prognostic predictors: t(1;11)(q21;q23) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.1, P = .004); t(6;11)(q27;q23) (HR = 2.2, P < .001); t(10;11)(p12;q23) (HR = 1.5, P = .005); and t(10;11)(p11.2;q23) (HR = 2.5, P = .005). We could not confirm the favorable prognosis of the t(9;11)(p22;q23) subgroup. We identified large differences in outcome within 11q23/MLL-rearranged pediatric AML and novel subgroups based on translocation partners that independently predict clinical outcome. Screening for these translocation partners is needed for accurate treatment stratification at diagnosis.
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| 6. |
- Bispo-Santos, Franklin, et al.
(författare)
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Columbia revisited : paleomagnetic results from the 1790 Ma colider volcanics (SW Amazonian Craton, Brazil)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 164:1-2, s. 40-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an attempt to improve our understanding of the Paleoproterozoic geodynamic evolution, a paleomagnetic study was performed on 10 sites of acid volcanic rocks of the Colider Suite, southwestern Amazonian Craton. These rocks have a well-dated zircon U-Pb mean age of 1789 +/- 7 Ma. Alternating field and thermal demagnetization revealed northern (southern) directions with moderate to high upward (downward) inclinations. Rock magnetism experiments and magnetic mineralogy show that this characteristic magnetization is carried by Ti-poor magnetite or by hematite that replaces magnetite by late-magmatic cleuteric alteration. Both magnetite and hematite carry the same characteristic component. The mean direction (Dm = 183.0 degrees, Im = 53.5 degrees, N = 10, alpha(95) = 9.8 degrees, K = 25.2) yielded a paleomagnetic pole located at 298.8 degrees E, 63.3 degrees S (alpha(95) = 10.2 degrees, K = 23.6), which is classified with a quality factor Q = 5. Paleogeographic reconstructions using this pole and other reliable Paleoproterozoic poles suggest that Laurentia, Baltica, North China Craton and Amazonian Craton were located in laterally contiguous positions forming a large continental mass at 1790 Ma ago. This is reinforced by geological evidence which support the existence of the supercontinent Columbia in Paleoproterozoic times.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants in the JAZF1 gene associated with height identified by linkage and genome-wide association analysis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 18:2, s. 373-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genes for height has gained interest for decades, but only recently have candidate genes started to be identified. We have performed linkage analysis and genome-wide association for height in approximately 4,000 individuals from five European populations. A total of 5 chromosomal regions showed suggestive linkage and in one of these regions, two SNPs (rs849140 and rs1635852) were associated with height (nominal p=7.0 x 10(-8) and p=9.6 x 10(-7) respectively). In total, five SNPs across the genome showed an association with height that reached the threshold of genome-wide significance (nominal p<1.6 x 10(-7)). The association with height was replicated for two SNPs (rs1635852 and rs849140) using three independent studies (N=31,077, N=1,268 and N=5,746) with overall meta p-values of 9.4x10(-10) and 5.3x10(-8). These SNPs are located in the JAZF1 gene, which has recently been associated with type II diabetes, prostate and endometrial cancer. JAZF1 is a transcriptional repressor of NR2C2, which results in low IGF1 serum concentrations, perinatal and early postnatal hypoglycaemia and growth retardation when knocked-out in mice. Both the linkage and association analyses independently identified the JAZF1 region affecting human height. We have demonstrated, through replication in additional independent populations, the consistency of the effect of the JAZF1 SNPs on height. Since this gene also has a key function in the metabolism of growth, JAZF1 represents one of the strongest candidates influencing human height so far identified.
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| 9. |
- Marroni, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association scan of RR and QT interval duration in 3 European genetically isolated populations : the EUROSPAN project
- 2009
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Ingår i: Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics. - 1942-3268. ; 2:4, s. 322-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We set out to identify common genetic determinants of the length of the RR and QT intervals in 2325 individuals from isolated European populations. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the heart rate at rest, measured as the RR interval, and the length of the corrected QT interval for association with 318 237 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The RR interval was associated with common variants within GPR133, a G-protein-coupled receptor (rs885389, P=3.9 x 10(-8)). The QT interval was associated with the earlier reported NOS1AP gene (rs2880058, P=2.00 x 10(-10)) and with a region on chromosome 13 (rs2478333, P=4.34 x 10(-8)), which is 100 kb from the closest known transcript LOC730174 and has previously not been associated with the length of the QT interval. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested an association between the RR interval and GPR133 and confirmed an association between the QT interval and NOS1AP.
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| 10. |
- Neuman, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression : A prospective population study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 100:10, s. 1843-1849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Respiratory symptoms are related to anxiety and depression in several cross-sectional studies but the association has not been explored in longitudinal studies. Study objectives: To prospectively study the change in dyspnea in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression over a 9-year time period. Methods: The study comprised of 515 adults from a population sample who had participated in the European Commission Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) I in 1991-1992 and in the ECRHS II in 1999-2000. The questionnaire included a modified British Medical Research Council Scale for dyspnea grading and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of dyspnea was 10.7% in the first and 12.6% in the second survey. Symptoms of depression was an independent determinants for dyspnea in both surveys (OR (95% CI) 3.72 (1.51-9.17) and 3.40 (1.49-7.80), respectively). In subjects that did not have dyspnea at the first survey onset of symptoms of anxiety (OR 3.53 (1.03-12.1)) and depression (OR 12.2 (3.97-37.5)) were significantly related to having dyspnea at the second survey, whereas onset of dyspnea was not significantly associated with developing symptoms of anxiety or depression when each disorder was entered separately. Conclusion: Our data indicates that there is a causal relationship between development of symptoms of anxiety and depression and dyspnea. Psychological status is therefore an important factor to consider both when evaluating the results of epidemiological respiratory studies and in clinical settings when treating patients that have dyspnea.
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| 11. |
- Omenaas, Ernst, et al.
(författare)
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What can we learn about asthma and allergy from the follow-up of the RHINE and the ECRHS studies?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Respiratory Journal. - 1752-6981. ; 2:1, s. 45-52
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Object: The international population-based studies RHINE and ECRHS have provided new insight in the epidemiology and management of asthma, allergy and rhinitis in young adults. The aim of the present review is to focus on longitudinal results with regard incidence and net change of asthma and asthma-like symptoms, risk factors and management of asthma, with special reference to the Nordic-Baltic countries. Results: Asthma and rhinitis are common conditions that are important in a public health perspective. There are gender differences in incidence and remission. A socio-economic gradient that non-atopic asthma is more strongly related to poverty seems to have developed in the last decade. These findings will challenge our welfare states in the future. In addition, occupational, as well as indoor and outdoor environmental exposures, influenced the onset of asthma. The population-attributable risk for adult asthma because of occupational exposures is equivalent to an incidence of new-onset asthma of 250–300 cases per million per year. Genetic factors, allergic sensitisation, gastro-oesophageal reflux, habitual snoring, diet and other factors may also contribute to the onset of asthma and rhinitis. Even though management of asthma has improved, there are still great variations throughout Europe. These findings highlight the key role doctors and nurses play in educating and reviewing management of patients.
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| 12. |
- Pattaro, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide linkage analysis of serum creatinine in three isolated European populations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 76:3, s. 297-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing evidence for a role of genetic predisposition in the etiology of kidney disease, but linkage scans have been poorly replicated. Here we performed a genome-wide linkage analysis of serum creatinine on 2859 individuals from isolated villages in South Tyrol (Italy), Rucphen (The Netherlands) and Vis Island (Croatia), populations that have been stable and permanently resident in their region. Linkage of serum creatinine levels to loci on chromosomes 7p14, 9p21, 11p15, 15q15-21, 16p13, and 18p11 was successfully replicated in at least one discovery population or in the pooled analysis. A novel locus was found on chromosome 10p11. Linkage to chromosome 22q13, independent of diabetes and hypertension, was detected over a region containing the non-muscle myosin heavy chain type II isoform A (MYH9) gene (LOD score=3.52). In non-diabetic individuals, serum creatinine was associated with this gene in two of the three populations and in meta-analysis (SNP rs11089788, P-value=0.0089). In populations sharing a homogeneous environment and genetic background, heritability of serum creatinine was higher than in outbred populations, with consequent detection of a larger number of loci than reported before. Our finding of a replicated association of serum creatinine with the MYH9 gene, recently linked to pathological renal conditions in African Americans, suggests that this gene may also influence kidney function in healthy Europeans.
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| 13. |
- Schumann, DM, et al.
(författare)
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The Fas pathway is involved in pancreatic beta cell secretory function
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 104:8, s. 2861-2866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic β cell mass and function increase in conditions of enhanced insulin demand such as obesity. Failure to adapt leads to diabetes. The molecular mechanisms controlling this adaptive process are unclear. Fas is a death receptor involved in β cell apoptosis or proliferation, depending on the activity of the caspase-8 inhibitor FLIP. Here we show that the Fas pathway also regulates β cell secretory function. We observed impaired glucose tolerance in Fas-deficient mice due to a delayed and decreased insulin secretory pattern. Expression of PDX-1, a β cell-specific transcription factor regulating insulin gene expression and mitochondrial metabolism, was decreased in Fas-deficient β cells. As a consequence, insulin and ATP production were severely reduced and only partly compensated for by increased β cell mass. Up-regulation of FLIP enhanced NF-κB activity via NF-κB-inducing kinase and RelB. This led to increased PDX-1 and insulin production independent of changes in cell turnover. The results support a previously undescribed role for the Fas pathway in regulating insulin production and release.
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| 14. |
- Vanderveken, Olivier M, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of a custom-made and a thermoplastic oral appliance for the treatment of mild sleep apnea
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - New York : American Lung Association. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 178:2, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: The efficacy of immediate adaptation of mandibular advancement devices made of thermoplastic material as a treatment option for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been demonstrated in clinical studies. To date, there have been no studies comparing the efficacy of such prefabricated devices with custom-made devices. Objectives: Our purpose was to compare the efficacy of both types of devices in patients with SDB. Methods: A randomized controlled cross-over trial, comprising 4 months of treatment with a thermoplastic and a custom-made device, with a 1-month washout interval. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 35 patients (29 males; age, 49 ± 9 yr; apnea–hypopnea index [AHI], 13 ± 11 events/h; body mass index, 28 ± 4 kg/m2) completed the protocol. AHI was only reduced with the custom-madedevice (P = 0.005). In addition, this device reduced snoring to a greater extent than the thermoplastic device. The success rate was higher with the custom-made device (60 vs. 31%; P = 0.02). One-third of the patients demonstrated compliance failure with the thermoplastic device, mainly because of insufficient overnight retention. Total failure rate with the thermoplastic device was 69%, whereas the majority (63%) of these were successfully treated with the custom-made device. At the end of the study, 82% of the patients preferred the custom-made device, and 9% had no preference (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: In this study, a custom-made device turned out to be more effective than a thermoplastic device in the treatment of SDB. Our results suggest that the thermoplastic device cannot be recommended as a therapeutic option nor can it be used as a screening tool to find good candidates for mandibular advancement therapy.
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| 15. |
- Castro-Giner, F., et al.
(författare)
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Joint effect of obesity and TNFA variability on asthma : two international cohort studies
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 33:5, s. 1003-1009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a risk factor for asthma. Adipose tissue expresses pro-inflammatory molecules including tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and levels of TNF are also related to polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha (TNFA) gene. The current authors examined the joint effect of obesity and TNFA variability on asthma in adults by combining two population-based studies. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey and the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Disease in Adults used comparable protocols, questionnaires and measures of lung function and atopy. DNA samples from 9,167 participants were genotyped for TNFA -308 and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) +252 gene variants. Obesity and TNFA were associated with asthma when mutually adjusting for their independent effects (odds ratio (OR) for obesity 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-3.2; OR for TNFA -308 polymorphism 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6). The association of obesity with asthma was stronger for subjects carrying the G/A and A/A TNFA -308 genotypes compared with the more common G/G genotype, particularly among nonatopics (OR for G/A and A/A genotypes 6.1, 95% CI 2.5-14.4; OR for G/G genotype 1.7, 95% CI 0.8-3.3). The present findings provide, for the first time, evidence for a complex pattern of interaction between obesity, a pro-inflammatory genetic factor and asthma.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Castro-Giner, F, et al.
(författare)
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TNFA -308G>A in two international population-based cohorts and risk of asthma
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - Sheffield : European respiratory society journals. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 32:2, s. 350-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic association studies have related the tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene (TNFA) guanine to adenine substitution of nucleotide -308 (-308G>A) polymorphism to increased risk of asthma, but results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to test whether two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, of TNFA and of the lymphotoxin-alpha gene (LTA), are associated with asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy in adults, by combining the results of two large population-based multicentric studies and conducting a meta-analysis of previously published studies. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) and Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) used comparable protocols, including questionnaires for respiratory symptoms and measures of lung function and atopy. DNA samples from 11,136 participants were genotyped at TNFA -308 and LTA 252. Logistic regression employing fixed and random effects models and nonparametric techniques were used. The prevalence of asthma was 6%. The TNFA -308G>A polymorphism was associated with increased asthma prevalence and with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. No consistent association was found for atopy. The LTA 252A>G polymorphism was not associated with any of the outcomes. A meta-analysis of 17 studies showed an increased asthma risk for the TNFA -308 adenine allele. The tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene nucleotide -308 polymorphism is associated with a moderately increased risk of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, but not with atopy. These results are supported by a meta-analysis of previously published studies.
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| 18. |
- Franklin, Karl A, et al.
(författare)
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Effects and side-effects of surgery for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea--a systematic review
- 2009
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : The Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 32:1, s. 27-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Only a small number of randomized controlled trials with a limited number of patients assessing some surgical modalities for snoring or sleep apnea are available. These studies do not provide any evidence of effect from laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty or radiofrequency ablation on daytime sleepiness, apnea reduction, quality of life or snoring. We call for research of randomized, controlled trials of surgery other than uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and uvulopalatoplasty, as they are related to a high risk of long-term side-effects, especially difficulty swallowing.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Franklin, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Obstruktivt sömnapnésyndrom
- 2009
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Ingår i: Lungmedicin. Kap. 37. Sandström T & Eklund A red.. - 9789144008479 ; , s. 449-459
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Gerdts, E., et al.
(författare)
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Pulse pressure, left ventricular function and cardiovascular events during antihypertensive treatment (the LIFE study)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Blood Press. - 1651-1999. ; 18:4, s. 180-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Pulse pressure (PP) has been related to risk of cardiovascular events in hypertension. However, less is known about modification of this risk marker during antihypertensive treatment in patients with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Methods. Associations of in-treatment PP with LV systolic function and cardiovascular events was assessed in 883 patients with electrocardiographic LV hypertrophy during 4.8 years of randomized losartan- or atenolol-based treatment within the echocardiographic substudy of the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Results. PP was similarly reduced by both treatments. In different multiple regression models, lower in-treatment PP was independently associated with lower in-treatment LV ejection fraction (beta = 0.16), stress-corrected midwall shortening (beta = 0.20), stroke volume (beta = 0.11) and cardiac index (beta = 0.07, all p<0.05). In time-varying Cox regression models, 10mmHg lower in-treatment PP was associated with a 28% higher rate of cardiovascular events [hazard ratio, HR = 1.28 (1.09 - 1.52), p <0.01] independent of in-treatment LV mass and ejection fraction, history of ischemic heart disease, Framingham risk score and study treatment allocation. Conclusion. During systematic antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic LV hypertrophy, lower in-treatment PP was associated with lower in-treatment LV function and cardiac output as well as higher rate of cardiovascular events.
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| 23. |
- Gomez Real, F., et al.
(författare)
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Hormone replacement therapy, body mass index and asthma in perimenopausal women: a cross sectional survey
- 2006
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Ingår i: Thorax.. ; 61:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and obesity both appear to increase the risk of asthma. A study was undertaken to investigate the association of HRT with asthma and hay fever in a population of perimenopausal women, focusing on a possible interaction with body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to population based samples in Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden in 1999-2001, and 8588 women aged 25-54 years responded (77%). Pregnant women, women using oral contraceptives, and women <46 years were excluded. Analyses included 2206 women aged 46-54 years of which 884 were menopausal and 540 used HRT. Stratified analyses by BMI in tertiles were performed. RESULTS: HRT was associated with an increased risk for asthma (OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.30)), wheeze (OR 1.60 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.10)), and hay fever (OR 1.48 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.90)). The associations with asthma and wheeze were significantly stronger among women with BMI in the lower tertile (asthma OR 2.41 (95% CI 1.21 to 4.77); wheeze OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.23 to 3.36)) than in heavier women (asthma: p(interaction) = 0.030; wheeze: p(interaction) = 0.042). Increasing BMI was associated with more asthma (OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.12) per kg/m(2)). This effect was only found in women not taking HRT (OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.14) per kg/m(2)); no such association was detected in HRT users (OR 1.00 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.08) per kg/m(2)) (p(interaction) = 0.046). Menopause was not significantly associated with asthma, wheeze, or hay fever. CONCLUSIONS: In perimenopausal women there is an interaction between HRT and BMI in the effects on asthma. Lean women who were HRT users had as high a risk for asthma as overweight women not taking HRT. It is suggested that HRT and overweight increase the risk of asthma through partly common pathways.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Kesek, Milos, et al.
(författare)
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Heart rate variability during sleep and sleep apnoea in a population based study of 387 women
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 29:4, s. 309-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased sympathetic activity during sleep has been suggested as a link between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of autonomic effect on the heart. Different parameters have been associated with sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. We have studied HRV in different sleep stages and related the HRV-pattern to sleep apnoea in a population-based sample of 387 women. We investigated the HRV-parameters standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), root of the averaged square of successive differences (RMSSD), low frequency component (LF), high frequency component (HF), ratio of low frequency component to high frequency component LF/HF and VSAI [variation in sympathetic activity between rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep, defined as LF(REM)-LF(SWS)]. The HRV-parameters were compared with the results of a full-night polysomnography. Hourly incidence of obstructive episodes was used for classifying the subjects into four apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI)-groups (<5, > or =5 and <15, 15-30 and >30 events). Individual sleep stages were analysed by pooling all recordings. Women with high AHI had higher heart rate and LF/HF ratio. In subjects with AHI >30, LF/HF ratio however dropped to same level as with AHI <5. Subjects with high AHI had low VSAI. Levels of SDNN, LF and LF/HF ratio during REM and light sleep were similar to wakefulness. In slow wave sleep the parameters decreased. In conclusion, moderately increased prevalence of obstructive apnoeas was associated with signs of higher sympathetic activity. High AHI was however associated with a HRV-pattern suggestive of depressed sympathetic drive and lowered ability to increase it during REM.
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- Perry, H E, et al.
(författare)
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A novel study of association between Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the human carbohydrate blood groups.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Immunohematology / American Red Cross. - 0894-203X. ; 23:3, s. 100-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies of association of ABO blood groups with gonorrhea have shown contradictory results. Despite the interdependencies of ABO, Lewis, and secretor systems, none of the previous studies examined the combined effect of these systems on their proposed association with gonorrhea. This study attempted to redress that and used genotyping in addition to RBC phenotyping to determine correct tissue phenotypes. Samples from 131 gonorrhea-positive individuals and from 175 gonorrhea-negative individuals were typed for ABO and Lewis using routine antisera. Secretor and Lewis genotyping was performed to ensure accurate determination of ABO and Lewis phenotypes. Chi-square and probability values were used to examine whether there is an association of ABO, Lewis, and secretor systems with gonorrhea infection. Neither single nor combined statistical analysis of data sets yielded a significant association of ABO, Lewis, and secretor phenotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nevertheless, this study is an example of the approach that should be taken when examining microbial associations with ABO antigens, in turn influenced by coexpression and modification by the interdependent systems of Lewis and secretor, in mucosal tissues.
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- Svensson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Daytime sleepiness relates to snoring independent of the apnea-hypopnea index in women from the general population
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 134:5, s. 919-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate the significance of snoring and sleep apnea on daytime symptoms in a population-based sample of women. METHOD: From the general population, 400 women aged 20 to 70 years were randomly selected, with oversampling of habitually snoring women. The women were investigated using full-night polysomnography and a questionnaire. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was calculated, and women who acknowledged snoring loudly and disturbingly often or very often were considered habitual snorers. RESULTS: Habitual snoring was independently related to excessive daytime sleepiness (odds ratio [OR], 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 3.99), to falling asleep involuntarily during the day (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.21), to waking up unrefreshed (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.52), to daytime fatigue (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.54 to 4.99), and to a dry mouth on awakening (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.27) after adjustment for AHI, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, total sleep time, percentage of slow-wave sleep, and percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. An AHI > or = 15/h was only related to a dry mouth on awakening after adjustment for snoring, age, BMI, smoking, total sleep time, percentage of slow-wave sleep, and percentage of REM sleep (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.14 to 4.40). An AHI of 5 to 15/h was not related to any daytime symptom. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive daytime sleepiness and daytime fatigue are related to habitual snoring independent of the apnea-hypopnea frequency, age, obesity, smoking, and sleep parameters in a population-based sample of women, but not to the AHI. This indicates that snoring is an independent cause of excess daytime sleepiness and not merely a proxy for sleep apnea.
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- Valham, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of stroke in patients with coronary artery disease and sleep apnea : a 10-year follow-up
- 2008
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Ingår i: Circulation. - New York : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 118:9, s. 955-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The effect of sleep apnea on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity is mainly unknown. We aimed to study whether sleep apnea is related to stroke, death, or myocardial infarction in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Methods and Results A total of 392 men and women with coronary artery disease referred for coronary angiography were examined by use of overnight sleep apnea recordings. Sleep apnea, defined as an apnea-hypopnea index ≥5, was recorded in 54% of the patients. All patients were followed up prospectively for 10 years, and no one was lost to follow-up. Stroke occurred in 47 (12%) of 392 patients during follow-up. Sleep apnea was associated with an increased risk of stroke, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.89 (95% confidence interval 1.37 to 6.09, P=0.005), independent of age, body mass index, left ventricular function, diabetes mellitus, gender, intervention, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, a previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, and smoking. Patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of 5 to 15 and patients with an apnea-hypopnea index ≥15 had a 2.44 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 5.52) and 3.56 (95% confidence interval 1.56 to 8.16) times increased risk of stroke, respectively, than patients without sleep apnea, independent of confounders (P for trend=0.011). Death and myocardial infarction were not related to sleep apnea. Intervention in the form of coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention was related to a longer survival but did not affect the incidence of stroke. Conclusions Sleep apnea is significantly associated with the risk of stroke among patients with coronary artery disease who are being evaluated for coronary intervention.
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- Valham, Fredrik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Snoring men with daytime sleepiness drive more than others : a population-based study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 10:9, s. 1012-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether subjects with daytime sleepiness who snore or report witnessed sleep apneas drive more than others. Methods Questions on snoring, witnessed sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness and driving distance per year were included in the Northern Sweden component of the WHO, MONICA study. Invited were 10756 subjects aged 25–79 years, randomly selected from the population register. Results There were 7905 (73%) subjects, 3858 men and 4047 women who responded to the questionnaire and attended a visit for a physical examination. Habitually snoring men with daytime sleepiness drove a mean of 22566 (95% CI 18550–26582) km a year, which was significantly more than non-snoring men without excessive daytime sleepiness who drove 17751 (95% CI 17076–18427) km a year, p = 0.02, after adjustments for age, body mass index, smoking and physical activity. Men reporting witnessed sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness also drove more than their counterparts in adjusted analysis, p = 0.01. Women reporting daytime sleepiness and witnessed apnea tended to drive more, while snoring women with daytime sleepiness did not. Conclusions Men suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness who snore habitually or report witnessed sleep apneas drive significantly more than others.
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