| 1. |
- Muscarella, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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The global abundance of tree palms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 29:9, s. 1495-1514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimPalms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change.LocationTropical and subtropical moist forests.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedPalms (Arecaceae).MethodsWe assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure.ResultsOn average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work.ConclusionsTree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Smolders, A., et al.
(författare)
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Robust optimization strategies for contour uncertainties in online adaptive radiation therapy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 69:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Online adaptive radiation therapy requires fast and automated contouring of daily scans for treatment plan re-optimization. However, automated contouring is imperfect and introduces contour uncertainties. This work aims at developing and comparing robust optimization strategies accounting for such uncertainties. Approach. A deep-learning method was used to predict the uncertainty of deformable image registration, and to generate a finite set of daily contour samples. Ten optimization strategies were compared: two baseline methods, five methods that convert contour samples into voxel-wise probabilities, and three methods accounting explicitly for contour samples as scenarios in robust optimization. Target coverage and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing were evaluated robustly for simplified proton therapy plans for five head-and-neck cancer patients. Results. We found that explicitly including target contour uncertainty in robust optimization provides robust target coverage with better OAR sparing than the baseline methods, without increasing the optimization time. Although OAR doses first increased when increasing target robustness, this effect could be prevented by additionally including robustness to OAR contour uncertainty. Compared to the probability-based methods, the scenario-based methods spared the OARs more, but increased integral dose and required more computation time. Significance. This work proposed efficient and beneficial strategies to mitigate contour uncertainty in treatment plan optimization. This facilitates the adoption of automatic contouring in online adaptive radiation therapy and, more generally, enables mitigation also of other sources of contour uncertainty in treatment planning.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Goncalves, A, et al.
(författare)
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Thrombolytic tPA-induced hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke is mediated by PKCβ phosphorylation of occludin
- 2022
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 140:4, s. 388-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current standard of care for moderate to severe ischemic stroke is thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Treatment with tPA can significantly improve neurological outcomes; however, thrombolytic therapy is associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The risk of hemorrhage significantly limits the use of thrombolytic therapy and identifying pathways induced by tPA that increase this risk could provide new therapeutic options to extend thrombolytic therapy to a wider patient population. Here, we investigate the role of protein kinase (PK)Cβ phosphorylation of the tight junction protein occludin during ischemic stroke and its role in cerebrovascular permeability. We demonstrate that activation of this pathway by tPA is associated with an increased risk of ICH. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) increased occludin serine 490 (S490) phosphorylation in the ischemic penumbra in a tPA-dependent manner, as tPA-/- mice were significantly protected from MCAO-induced occludin phosphorylation. Intra-ventricular injection of tPA in the absence of ischemia was sufficient to induce occludin phosphorylation and vascular permeability in a PKCb-dependent manner. Blocking occludin phosphorylation either by targeted expression of a non-phosphorylatable form of occludin (S490A) or by pharmacologic inhibition of PKCβ, reduced MCAO-induced permeability and improved functional outcome. Further, inhibiting PKCβ after MCAO prevented ICH associated with delayed thrombolysis. These results reveal that PKCβ phosphorylation of occludin is a downstream mediator of tPA-induced cerebrovascular permeability and suggest that PKCb inhibitors could improve stroke outcome and prevent ICH associated with delayed thrombolysis, potentially extending the window for thrombolytic therapy in stroke.
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| 7. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Ryder Glacier in northwest Greenland is shielded from warm Atlantic water by a bathymetric sill
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The processes controlling advance and retreat of outlet glaciers in fjords draining the Greenland Ice Sheet remain poorly known, undermining assessments of their dynamics and associated sea-level rise in a warming climate. Mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased six-fold over the last four decades, with discharge and melt from outlet glaciers comprising key components of this loss. Here we acquired oceanographic data and multibeam bathymetry in the previously uncharted Sherard Osborn Fjord in northwest Greenland where Ryder Glacier drains into the Arctic Ocean. Our data show that warmer subsurface water of Atlantic origin enters the fjord, but Ryder Glacier’s floating tongue at its present location is partly protected from the inflow by a bathymetric sill located in the innermost fjord. This reduces under-ice melting of the glacier, providing insight into Ryder Glacier’s dynamics and its vulnerability to inflow of Atlantic warmer water.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Arnberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Solvent refining of silicon for solar cells –some practical aspects
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solvent refinement has been suggested as an energy- and cost-efficient process to produce high purity silicon for photovoltaic solar cells. In this process, metallurgical grade silicon is dissolved in a liquid metal e.g. Al at high temperature. High purity silicon crystals can then be precipitated by decreasing the temperature and extracted from the melt. Residual aluminium is then removed by leaching, and after remelting and directional solidification, the purified silicon can be used as silicon for solar cells. Metallurgical grade silicon (99 wt%Si) with iron as the main impurity has been dissolved to 40 wt% in liquid aluminium at 1000 °C. Silicon crystals have been extracted slightly above the eutectic temperature. The crystals have then been leached in 10% hydrochloric acid at room temperature. Silicon crystal have been sorted into three size fraction which have been melted separately and thereafter analyzed by light optical- and electron microscopy with EDS analysis. After leaching, extracted material has been remelted together with silicon oxide in order to oxidize residual aluminium. The extracted material contains significant amounts of residual Al-Si eutectic. The aluminium has not been removed completely by the leaching and insoluble metal rich intermetallic compounds have been found in the smallest size fraction. The residual aluminium can be further reduced by oxidation by silicon oxide and sedimentation of the aluminium oxide.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 14. |
- Ceder, Mikaela M., et al.
(författare)
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The Fly Homologue of MFSD11 Is Possibly Linked to Nutrient Homeostasis and Has a Potential Role in Locomotion : A First Characterization of the Atypical Solute Carrier CG18549 in Drosophila Melanogaster
- 2021
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Ingår i: Insects. - : MDPI. - 2075-4450. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular transport and function are dependent on substrate influx and efflux of various compounds. In humans, the largest superfamily of transporters is the SoLute Carriers (SLCs). Many transporters are orphans and little to nothing is known about their expression and/or function, yet they have been assigned to a cluster called atypical SLCs. One of these atypical SLCs is MFSD11. Here we present a first in-depth characterization of the MFSD11, CG18549. By gene expression and behavior analysis on ubiquitous and brain-specific knockdown flies. CG18549 knockdown flies were found to have altered adipokinetic hormone and adipokinteic hormone receptor expression as well as reduced vesicular monoamine transporter expression; to exhibit an altered locomotor behavior, and to have an altered reaction to stress stimuli. Furthermore, the gene expression of CG18549 in the brain was visualized and abundant expression in both the larvae and adult brain was observed, a result that is coherent with the FlyAtlas Anatomy microarray. The exact mechanism behind the observed behaviors is not fully understood, but this study provides new insights into the expression and function of CG18549. Clearly, these results provide a strong example as to why it is vital to fully characterize orphan transporters and through that gain knowledge about the body during normal condition and disease.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Duffy, Stephen W., et al.
(författare)
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Mammography screening reduces rates of advanced and fatal breast cancers : Results in 549,091 women
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 126:13, s. 2971-2979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is of paramount importance to evaluate the impact of participation in organized mammography service screening independently from changes in breast cancer treatment. This can be done by measuring the incidence of fatal breast cancer, which is based on the date of diagnosis and not on the date of death.Methods: Among 549,091 women, covering approximately 30% of the Swedish screening‐eligible population, the authors calculated the incidence rates of 2473 breast cancers that were fatal within 10 years after diagnosis and the incidence rates of 9737 advanced breast cancers. Data regarding each breast cancer diagnosis and the cause and date of death of each breast cancer case were gathered from national Swedish registries. Tumor characteristics were collected from regional cancer centers. Aggregated data concerning invitation and participation were provided by Sectra Medical Systems AB. Incidence rates were analyzed using Poisson regression.Results: Women who participated in mammography screening had a statistically significant 41% reduction in their risk of dying of breast cancer within 10 years (relative risk, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.68 [P < .001]) and a 25% reduction in the rate of advanced breast cancers (relative risk, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.84 [P < .001]).Conclusions: Substantial reductions in the incidence rate of breast cancers that were fatal within 10 years after diagnosis and in the advanced breast cancer rate were found in this contemporaneous comparison of women participating versus those not participating in screening. These benefits appeared to be independent of recent changes in treatment regimens.
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| 17. |
- El Houssami, M., et al.
(författare)
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Fire safety of interior materials of buses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 0308-0501 .- 1099-1018. ; 47:7, s. 910-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides an analysis on the fire safety of passengers and the fire protection of coaches and buses. A brief review of major bus fire incidents, an overview of current regulations in Europe, and their limitations are presented. The study finds that the current small-scale fire test methods described in UN ECE Reg No. 118 need to be replaced by test methods that can assess the reaction to fire of materials when exposed to ignition sources of varying sizes. To address these shortcomings, the study proposed an expert recommendation to update the material fire safety requirements and testing for buses. Additional measures are proposed, derived from objectives and strategies applied in other transport sectors, and can be tested through existing European and international standards, which are widely used by several industries. These measures aim to extend the time with tenable conditions for a safe evacuation in case of fire, reduce the degree of damage to buses, reduce the risk for fast and excessive thermal exposure on modern energy carriers needed for a more sustainable transport sector. © 2023 The Authors.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Fredriksson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Gonadotrophin stimulation and risk of relapse in breast cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction Open. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2399-3529. ; 2021:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY QUESTION: Is gonadotrophin stimulation as part of IVF associated with an increased risk of relapse in breast cancer? SUMMARY ANSWER: Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in connection with IVF in women with previous breast cancer was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer relapse. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death among females. The use of COS with gonadotrophins with subsequent cryopreservation of oocytes or embryos in order to enhance the chances of pregnancy after cancer treatment is the current most established fertility preservation method for women with breast cancer. To date, there are only a few small retrospective hospital-based controlled studies evaluating the risk of breast cancer relapse in patients undergoing fertility preservation with or without COS, showing no evident risk of relapse in breast cancer after the use of gonadotoxic agents. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study comprising 5857 women with previous breast cancer of whom 337 were exposed to COS. Exposure (COS) and outcomes (relapse and death) were identified for all patients from 2005 to 2014 by assessing the National Quality Register for Assisted Reproduction, the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the National Patient Register, the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, the Swedish Cause of Death Register, the National Breast Cancer Register and the Swedish Cancer Register. Matching according to set criteria was possible for 334 women, who constituted the control group. A total of 274 women had undergone IVF after completing breast cancer treatment and 63 women had undergone COS for fertility preservation at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Women aged 20-44years previously diagnosed with breast cancer and exposed to COS were matched for age at breast cancer diagnosis 5years, tumour size and lymph node involvement with a non-exposed control group, including women with known T- and N-stages. In a subsequent analysis, the matched cohort was assessed by also including women with unknown T- and N-stages. A secondary analysis comprised the entire non-matched cohort, including all women with known T- and N-stages. Also here, a subsequent analysis included women with missing data for T- and N-stages. The risk of relapse in breast cancer was estimated as crude hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI using Cox proportional hazards models in the primary and secondary analyses where T- and N-stages were known: otherwise the risks of relapse were only given descriptively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: In the primary matched analysis, relapse occurred in 20 of 126 women exposed to COS (15.9%) compared with 39 of 126 (31.0%) in the control cohort (HR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.39-1.45; P=0.22). In the subsequent analysis, also including women with unknown T- and N-stages, relapse occurred in 27 of 337 (8.0%) women having undergone COS compared with 71/334 (21.3%) among the non-exposed. In the secondary adjusted analysis, relapse occurred in 20 of 126 (15.9%) exposed women and in 918 of 3729 (24.6%) non-exposed women (HR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.49-1.33; P=0.70). In the subsequent analysis, including unknown T- and N-stages, relapse occurred in 27 of 337 (8.0%) women in the exposed group and 1176 of 5520 (21.3%) in the non-exposed cohort. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: A substantial degree of missing data on important prognostic variables was a limitation, particularly when analysing the total cohort. Furthermore, data on confounding factors, such as BMI, were not completely covered. Another limitation was that a pre-specified variable for relapse was not in use for the majority of the National Breast Cancer Register. Furthermore, the follow-up time from available register data (2005-2014) is rather short. Finally, we cannot be sure whether the prognostic information from receptor status, showing a lower incidence in the exposed group, is representative. Information on T- and N-stages was missing in more than half of the patients. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: In this large, retrospective, matched cohort study, we found no increased risk of relapse in breast cancer among women who had been exposed to gonadotrophins as part of IVF. This is reassuring but might be confounded by the selection of a group of women with a more favourable prognosis than those not undergoing IVF. The present study strengthens previous findings by being large, national and register based. Its results are applicable to women undergoing fertility preservation as well as to those undergoing regular IVF treatment.
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| 20. |
- Gandasi, Nikhil, et al.
(författare)
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Glutamine Uptake via SNAT6 and Caveolin Regulates Glutamine-Glutamate Cycle
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067 .- 1661-6596. ; 22:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SLC38A6 (SNAT6) is the only known member of the SLC38 family that is expressed exclusively in the excitatory neurons of the brain. It has been described as an orphan transporter with an unknown substrate profile, therefore very little is known about SNAT6. In this study, we addressed the substrate specificity, mechanisms for internalization of SNAT6, and the regulatory role of SNAT6 with specific insights into the glutamate-glutamine cycle. We used tritium-labeled amino acids in order to demonstrate that SNAT6 is functioning as a glutamine and glutamate transporter. SNAT6 revealed seven predicted transmembrane segments in a homology model and was localized to caveolin rich sites at the plasma membrane. SNAT6 has high degree of specificity for glutamine and glutamate. Presence of these substrates enables formation of SNAT6-caveolin complexes that aids in sodium dependent trafficking of SNAT6 off the plasma membrane. To further understand its mode of action, several potential interacting partners of SNAT6 were identified using bioinformatics. Among them where CTP synthase 2 (CTPs2), phosphate activated glutaminase (Pag), and glutamate metabotropic receptor 2 (Grm2). Co-expression analysis, immunolabeling with co-localization analysis and proximity ligation assays of these three proteins with SNAT6 were performed to investigate possible interactions. SNAT6 can cycle between cytoplasm and plasma membrane depending on availability of substrates and interact with Pag, synaptophysin, CTPs2, and Grm2. Our data suggest a potential role of SNAT6 in glutamine uptake at the pre-synaptic terminal of excitatory neurons. We propose here a mechanistic model of SNAT6 trafficking that once internalized influences the glutamate-glutamine cycle in presence of its potential interacting partners.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Gudmundsdottir, K. K., et al.
(författare)
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Decentralising atrial fibrillation screening to overcome socio-demographic inequalities in uptake in STROKESTOP II
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 28:1, s. 3-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective In the first STROKESTOP atrial fibrillation screening study, participation was influenced by socio-demographic and geographic factors. To improve uptake in the second study, two screening sites were added, closer to low-income neighbourhoods which had very low participation in the first study. This paper aims to analyse the geographic and socio-demographic disparities in uptake in the second trial and compare the results with the first trial. Methods Inhabitants of the Stockholm region born in 1940 and 1941 were randomised 1:1 to be invited to screening or serve as controls. Medical history, blood samples and single-lead-ECG were collected. Invitee's residential parish was used for geo-mapping analysis of the geographical disparities in participation, using hierarchical Bayes methods. Individual data for participants and non-participants were obtained for the socioeconomic variables: educational level, disposable income, immigrant and marital status. Results Higher participation was observed in those with higher education, high income, among non-immigrants and married individuals. Participation between the first and second studies improved significantly, where additional screening sites were introduced. These improvements were generally significant, in each population group according to socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusion Decentralisation of screening sites in an atrial fibrillation screening program yielded a significantly positive impact on screening uptake. Adding local screening sites in areas with low uptake had beneficial impact on participation across a wide spectrum of socio-demographic groups. Decentralised screening substantially increased the screening uptake in deprived areas.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hankeova, S., et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences and risk factors for bleeding in Alagille syndrome
- 2022
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Ingår i: Embo Molecular Medicine. - : EMBO. - 1757-4676 .- 1757-4684. ; 14:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spontaneous bleeds are a leading cause of death in the pediatric JAG1-related liver disease Alagille syndrome (ALGS). We asked whether there are sex differences in bleeding events in patients, whether Jag1(Ndr/Ndr) mice display bleeds or vascular defects, and whether discovered vascular pathology can be confirmed in patients non-invasively. We performed a systematic review of patients with ALGS and vascular events following PRISMA guidelines, in the context of patient sex, and found significantly more girls than boys reported with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. We investigated vascular development, homeostasis, and bleeding in Jag1(Ndr/Ndr) mice, using retina as a model. Jag1(Ndr/Ndr) mice displayed sporadic brain bleeds, a thin skull, tortuous blood vessels, sparse arterial smooth muscle cell coverage in multiple organs, which could be aggravated by hypertension, and sex-specific venous defects. Importantly, we demonstrated that retinographs from patients display similar characteristics with significantly increased vascular tortuosity. In conclusion, there are clinically important sex differences in vascular disease in ALGS, and retinography allows non-invasive vascular analysis in patients. Finally, Jag1(Ndr/Ndr) mice represent a new model for vascular compromise in ALGS.
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| 25. |
- Hellberg, C., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence and evidence gaps in assessments and interventions in areas related to social work research and practice - an overview of four evidence maps
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 26:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This overview of four evidence maps is based on systematic reviews of assessment and interventions in social work practice. The aim was to investigate the evidence and evidence gaps within four important areas for social work research and practice. Descriptive data on search strategies and domains were collected from four evidence maps, on Social Assistance, Substance Dependence, Care for older adults respectively for persons with disabilities. The scientific quality and scientific evidence were assessed. Key findings were summarised by analyzing and discussing common and specific elements in the evidence maps. The overview was undertaken in close collaboration between researchers with expertise in the field and a government agency. The overview identified both evidence and evidence gaps with respect to effects and experiences of interventions and assessment methods in four evidence maps. Evidence maps provide a comprehensive picture of the state of social services research and can thereby be of use to both researchers and practitioners, and in the production of evidence based social work.
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| 26. |
- Hildingsson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Support interventions to reduce psychological distress in families experiencing stillbirth in high income countries : a systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Women and Birth. - : Elsevier. - 1871-5192 .- 1878-1799. ; 37:2, s. 296-302
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research indicates disparities in the care of bereaved parents and siblings following a stillbirth in the family. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of interventions aimed at reducing psychological distress among parents or siblings in high-income countries after experiencing a stillbirth.Methods: The databases CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched in August 2022.Results: Four intervention studies from the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), Finland, and Australia, met the inclusion criteria. The interventions comprised a perinatal grief support team; a perinatal counselling service; a grief support program; and a support package including contacts with peer supporters and health care staff. No studies of interventions for siblings were found. The results could not be synthesised due to disparities in interventions and outcome measures. The risk of bias was assessed as high in all four studies and the certainty for all outcomes was rated as very low.Conclusion: More controlled trials with rigorous methods are needed to evaluate the effect of bereavement support interventions in parents and siblings after stillbirth. Future studies should include a core outcome set to make them more comparable. Most of the studies in this review were assessed to have an overall high risk of bias, mainly due to problems with missing outcome data; thus, future studies could specifically target this problem.
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| 27. |
- Huang, Yunbo, et al.
(författare)
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Coupling of Local Wood Properties Extracted from X-ray Computed Tomography with Cutting Force
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th International Wood Machining Seminar. - : IWMS -25 Organizing Committee.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used extensively in sawmills, its primary applications are improving value-yield and process automation. Three-dimensional CT scanners have also been extensively used for log sorting and sawing optimisation. However, there is hardly any resent research utilising CT from a cutting process perspective. This study addresses this gap by adopting CT to investigate the correlation between local wood properties — namely density, knots and annual rings — and cutting forces. Cutting forces for clear-wood and knotty-wood specimens of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) followed the expected trend corresponding to the density profile: dense regions led to high cutting force while other regions caused low cutting forces. However, it was found that in addition to density, knot orientation relative to cutting direction, annual ring width along the cutting path, and annual ring angle in relation to the cutting direction were critical factors that influence the cutting process. This study illustrates the feasibility of coupling local wood properties obtained from CT data with cutting force, potentially inspiring further research on a variety of wood property/cutting force relationships.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Koskela, Anita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Microsatellite instability score from GMS560 DNA panel
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microsatellite instability is characterised by gains or losses of nucleotides in short tandem repeat sequences, microsatellites, dispersed throughout the human genome. Microsatellite instability status is a molecular fingerprint for DNA mismatch repair deficiency. Clinical detection of microsatellite instability status is important for identifying inherited disease in patients with colorectal and endometrial cancer but has also a prognostic value for survival and prediction of treatment response. Lately, microsatellite instability has been used as a tumor agnostic biomarker that predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. To identify microsatellite instability status clinically, PCR and immunohistochemistry have been the gold standard. On the contrary, next generation sequencing provide simultaneous accession of large number of microsatellite loci and can be combined with detection of several other biomarkers. The national collaboration Genome Medicine Sweden have developed a solid tumour gene panel composed of 560 cancer associated genes with integrated microsatellite instability score. Our aim was to validate the microsatellite instability status based on microsatellite instability score from GMS560 DNA panel against the clinically used methods. Extracted DNA (100 ng) from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections with various tumour cell content >10% were analysed. During target enrichment sequencing analysis, allelic distribution from 5000 microsatellite markers were calculated by MSIsensor Pro to generate an instability score. The cohort consisted of microsatellite instable verified colorectal cancer samples (n=20), microsatellite stable solid tumour material (n=60). Preliminary results generated a microsatellite instability score for the colorectal cancer samples with a mean of 26.5 % (CI: 23.4-29.6, range: 16.9-32.3). Microsatellite stable tumour samples had a mean microsatellite instability score of 1.5 % (CI: 0.93-2.07, range: 1-4.45). In conclusion, we found the microsatellite instability score from GMS560 DNA panel to be both diagnostically sensitive and specific for determining MSI status due to obvious separation in instability.
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| 30. |
- Krakhmalev, Pavel, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of heat treatment under hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on microstructure of intermetallic-reinforced tool steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microstructure and properties of as-built laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) steels differ from the conventional ones, and they may contain some porosity and lack of fusion. Therefore, post-treatments, including hot isostatic pressing (HIP), are used to density the material, and tailor the properties of the final product. Usually, HIP is performed as an operation separate from heat treatment. In the present investigation a new approach was used, in which the whole cycle of the heat treatment was carried out in HIP under pressure, and the influence of HIP on microstructure of an advanced stainless maraging tool steel manufactured by LPBF was investigated. For a comparison, a conventional steel grade of the same chemical composition, after a heat treatment at the same temperature-time conditions, was also characterized. The microstructure of the steel was investigated by means of advanced microscopy and atom probe tomography. The influence of the manufacturing route, heat treatment and HIP on microstructure, austenitic phase fraction and size distribution of precipitates was investigated, and the role of high pressure in stabilization of austenite in the microstructure was discussed. It was concluded that since HIP influences phase transformations, a fundamental understanding of the influence of HIP on microstructure is nececcary, and development of new post processing regimes guaranteeing the best performance of the material is required.
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| 31. |
- Larsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Procedural texturing of solid wood with knots
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Graphics. - : Association for Computing Machinery. - 0730-0301 .- 1557-7368. ; 41:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a procedural framework for modeling the annual ring pattern of solid wood with knots. Although wood texturing is a well-studied topic, there have been few previous attempts at modeling knots inside the wood texture. Our method takes the skeletal structure of a tree log as input and produces a three-dimensional scalar field representing the time of added growth, which defines the volumetric annual ring pattern. First, separate fields are computed around each strand of the skeleton, i.e., the stem and each knot. The strands are then merged into a single field using smooth minimums. We further suggest techniques for controlling the smooth minimum to adjust the balance of smoothness and reproduce the distortion effects observed around dead knots. Our method is implemented as a shader program running on a GPU with computation times of approximately 0.5 s per image and an input data size of 600 KB. We present rendered images of solid wood from pine and spruce as well as plywood and cross-laminated timber (CLT). Our results were evaluated by wood experts, who confirmed the plausibility of the rendered annual ring patterns.
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| 32. |
- Lindberg, Frida A, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral profiling of SLC38A10 knockout mice using the multivariate concentric square field™ test
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5153. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: SLC38A10 is a gene that encodes the SLC38A10 protein, also known as SNAT10. The SLC38 family is evolutionary old, and SLC38A10 is one of the oldest members of the family. It is ubiquitously expressed, and its substrates are glutamine, glutamate, alanine, aspartate, and serine. However, little is known about its biological importance.Methods: In the current study, an SLC38A10 knockout mouse was run in the multivariate concentric square field (TM) (MCSF) test. The MCSF test gives the mouse a choice of areas to explore; sheltered areas, elevated and illuminated areas, or open spaces, and a behavioral profile is obtained. The multivariate data obtained were analyzed (i) for each parameter, (ii) parameters grouped into functional categories, and (iii) with a principal component analysis.Results: In the trend analysis, knockout mice had a decreased exploratory behavior compared to controls but did not show a distinct grouping in the principal component analysis.Discussion: There was not a pronounced difference in the behavioral profile in SLC38A10 knockout mice compared to their wild-type controls, although subtle alterations in zones associated with exploratory behavior and risk assessment in female and male knockout mice, respectively, could be observed. These results imply that a loss of function of the SLC38A10 protein in mice does not drastically alter behavior in the MSCF test.
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| 33. |
- Lindberg, Frida A., et al.
(författare)
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SLC38A10 Deficiency in Mice Affects Plasma Levels of Threonine and Histidine in Males but Not in Females : A Preliminary Characterization Study of SLC38A10(-/-) Mice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI. - 2073-4425. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solute carriers belong to the biggest group of transporters in the human genome, but more knowledge is needed to fully understand their function and possible role as therapeutic targets. SLC38A10, a poorly characterized solute carrier, is preliminary characterized here. By using a knockout mouse model, we studied the biological effects of SLC38A10 deficiency in vivo. We performed a transcriptomic analysis of the whole brain and found seven differentially expressed genes in SLC38A10-deficient mice (Gm48159, Nr4a1, Tuba1c, Lrrc56, mt-Tp, Hbb-bt and Snord116/9). By measuring amino acids in plasma, we found lower levels of threonine and histidine in knockout males, whereas no amino acid levels were affected in females, suggesting that SLC38A10(-/-) might affect sexes differently. Using RT-qPCR, we investigated the effect of SLC38A10 deficiency on mRNA expression of other SLC38 members, Mtor and Rps6kb1 in the brain, liver, lung, muscle, and kidney, but no differences were found. Relative telomere length measurement was also taken, as a marker for cellular age, but no differences were found between the genotypes. We conclude that SLC38A10 might be important for keeping amino acid homeostasis in plasma, at least in males, but no major effects were seen on transcriptomic expression or telomere length in the whole brain.
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| 34. |
- Lindberg, Frida A., et al.
(författare)
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SLC38A10 knockout mice display a decreased body weight and an increased risk-taking behavior in the open field test
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5153. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solute carrier 38 family (SLC38) is a family of 11 members. The most commonsubstrate among these are alanine and glutamine, and members are present in a widerange of tissues with important functions for several biological processes, such as liverand brain function. Some of these transporters are better characterized than others and,in this paper, a behavioral characterization of SLC38A10−/− mice was carried out. Abattery of tests for general activity, emotionality, motor function, and spatial memorywere used. Among these tests, the elevated plus maze, Y-maze, marble burying, andchallenging beamwalk have not been tested on the SLC38A10−/− mice previously, whilethe open field and the rotarod tests have been performed by the International MousePhenotyping Consortium (IMPC). Unlike the results from IMPC, the results from this studyshowed that SLC38A10−/− mice spend less time in the wall zone in the open field testthan WT mice, implying that SLC38A10-deficient mice have an increased explorativebehavior, which suggests an important function of SLC38A10 in brain. The present studyalso confirmed IMPC’s data regarding rotarod performance and weight, showing thatSLC38A10−/− mice do not have an affected motor coordination impairment and havea lower body weight than both SLC38A10+/− and SLC38A10+/+ mice. These resultsimply that a complete deficiency of the SLC38A10 protein might affect body weighthomeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms needs to be studied further.
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| 35. |
- Lindberg, Frida A.
(författare)
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The Biological Importance of the Amino Acid Transporter SLC38A10 : Characterization of a Knockout Mouse
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The biggest group of transporters, the solute carriers (SLCs), has more than 400 members, and about 30% of these are still orphan. In order to decipher their biological function and possible role in disease, there is a need for characterization of these. Around 25% of SLCs are estimated to have amino acids as substrates, including transporters belonging to the SLC38 family. The SLC38 members are sometimes referred to their alternative name: sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs). One of these transporters, SNAT10 (or SLC38A10), has been characterized as a bidirectional transporter of glutamate, glutamine, alanine and aspartate, as well as having an efflux of serine, and is ubiquitously expressed in the body. However, its biological importance is not yet understood. The aim with this thesis was to characterize a mouse model deficient in SNAT10 protein in order to find the biological importance of this transporter. In paper I, this is done by using a series of behavioral tests, including the open field test, elevated plus maze, rotarod and Y-maze, among others. The SNAT10 knockout mouse was found to have an increased risk-taking behavior, but no motor or spatial working memory impairments. Furthermore, the knockout mouse was found to have a decreased body weight. In paper II, an additional behavioral characterization was performed by using the multivariate concentric square field™ (MCSF) test. The MCSF test is an arena with different zones associated to different behavioral traits, which generates a behavioral profile depending on where the mouse spends its time. The result from this test implies that the SNAT10 deficient mouse has a lower explorative behavior than its wild type littermates. In paper III, gene expression was studied in whole brain and some genes related to cell cycle regulation and p53 expression were found to be differentially expressed in the knockout brain. Additional gene expression was studied in kidney, liver, lung and muscle, but no changes were found. Plasma levels of histidine and threonine were altered in males, but no altered amino acid levels were found in knockout females, suggesting a possible sex-specific effect. These studies together imply that SNAT10 might be involved in processes related to risk-taking and explorative behavior in the open field and MCSF tests. SNAT10 deficiency also affected amino acid levels in plasma, indicating a disrupted amino acid homeostasis.
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| 36. |
- Massoudi, Pamela, et al.
(författare)
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Women's experiences of psychological treatment and psychosocial interventions for postpartum depression: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Women's Health. - 1472-6874. ; 23:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTo provide a comprehensive, systematic evaluation of the literature on experiences of psychological interventions for postpartum depression (PPD) in women. Depression is one of the most common postpartum mental disorders. Studies have identified that psychological interventions reduce depressive symptoms. However, less is known about the experiences of women who have received such treatments.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO), in August 2022. Studies with qualitative methodology examining women's experiences of professional treatment for PPD were included and checked for methodological quality. Eight studies (total N = 255) contributed to the findings, which were synthesized using thematic synthesis. Confidence in the synthesized evidence was assessed with GRADE CERQual.FindingsThe women had received cognitive behavioral therapy (5 studies) or supportive home visits (3 studies). Treatments were individual or group-based. Two main themes were identified: Circumstances and expectations, and Experiences of treatment, with six descriptive themes. Establishing a good relationship to their health professional was important for the women, regardless of treatment model. They also expressed that they wanted to be able to choose the type and format of treatment. The women were satisfied with the support and treatment received and expressed that their emotional well-being had been improved as well as the relationship to their infant.ConclusionThe findings can be helpful to develop and tailor patient-centered care for women who are experiencing postnatal depression.
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| 37. |
- Nypelö, Tiina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Chemical Engineering. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-2718. ; 3:11 November
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foaming of most bio-based polymers is challenged by low pore formation and foam stability. At the same time, the developing utilization of bio-based materials for the circular economy is placing new demands for easily processable, low-density materials from renewable raw materials. In this work, we investigate cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foams in which foaming is facilitated with wood-based hemicelluloses, galactoglucomannans (GGMs). Interfacial activity of the GGM is modulated via modification of the molecule’s amphiphilicity, where the surface tension is decreased from approximately 70 to 30 mN m−1 for unmodified and modified GGM, respectively. The chemical modification of GGMs by substitution with butyl glycidyl ether increased the molecule’s hydrophobicity and interaction with the nanocellulose component. The highest specific foam volume using 1 wt% CNF was achieved when modified GGM was added (3.1 ml g−1), compared to unmodified GGM with CNF (2.1 ml g−1). An amount of 96 and 98% of the GGM and GGM-BGE foams were lost after 15 min of foaming while the GGM and GGM-BGE with cellulose nanofibers lost only 33 and 28% of the foam respectively. In the case of GGM-BGE, the foam stability increased with increasing nanofiber concentration. This suggests that the altered hydrophobicity facilitated increased foam formation when the additive was incorporated in the CNF suspension and foamed with nitrous oxide (N2O). Thus, the hydrophobic character of the modified GGM was a necessity for foam formation and stability while the CNFs were needed for generating a self-standing foam structure.
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| 38. |
- Orlowski, K. A., et al.
(författare)
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Cutting Forces for Clear and Knotty Pine Wood
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th International Wood Machining Seminar.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sawmill managers are interested in carrying out the sawmilling process in an efficient manner with minimal waste of raw material. In primary processing, an increase in productivity can be achieved if the process can be controlled. This can be achieved by developing a macro-mechanic model of the cutting power determination considered from a point of view of modern fracture mechanics has been developed. For the model knowledge about fracture toughness and shear yield stresses is vital. Pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a popular species which is widely used in wood industry in Poland and Sweden. Test samples with a cross section of 70 × 70 mm were originated from the both countries. Before sawing, all wood samples were scanned on X-ray Computed Tomography in laboratory conditions in Skellefteå (Sweden). These CT scans were helpful in indicating where clear and knotty samples were obtained from beams. Cutting tests were carried out on the custom-made laboratory stand in Skellefteå. The rotating arm held the wood sample, and the cutting speed equaled 15.5 ms−1. A stellite tipped tooth was fed into the wood sample with uncut chip thicknesses for clear wood 0.5; 0.7 and 1.1 mm, and for knotty wood 0.3; 0.5 and 0.7 mm. The tooth data: overall set equal to 2.9 mm, rake angle 27°, and clearance angle 12°. A piezoelectric sensor on the tooth holder measured the cutting forces. On the basis of the experimental findings it is possible to create mathematical models cutting forces for clear and knotty pine wood. For knotty wood the intercept is almost twice than for clear wood.
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| 39. |
- Persson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Care and support when a baby is stillborn : A systematic review and an interpretive meta-synthesis of qualitative studies in high-income countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionApproximately 2 million babies are stillborn annually worldwide, most in low- and middle-income countries. Present review studies of the parental and healthcare providers' experiences of stillbirth often include a variety of settings, which may skew the findings as the available resources can vary considerably. In high-income countries, the prevalence of stillbirth is low, and support programs are often initiated immediately when a baby with no signs of life is detected. There is limited knowledge about what matters to parents, siblings, and healthcare providers when a baby is stillborn in high-income countries. ObjectivesThis systematic review and interpretive meta-synthesis aim to identify important aspects of care and support for parents, siblings, and healthcare professionals in high-income countries from the diagnosis of stillbirth throughout the birth and postpartum period. MethodsA systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis were conducted to gain a deeper and broader understanding of the available knowledge about treatment and support when stillbirth occurred. Relevant papers were identified by systematically searching international electronic databases and citation tracking. The quality of the included studies was assessed, and the data was interpreted and synthesised using Gadamer's hermeneutics. The review protocol, including qualitative and quantitative study approaches, was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022306655). ResultsSixteen studies were identified and included in the qualitative meta-synthesis. Experiences of care and support were interpreted and identified as four fusions. First, Personification is of central importance and stresses the need to acknowledge the baby as a unique person. The parents became parents even though their baby was born dead: The staff should also be recognised as the individuals they are with their personal histories. Second, the personification is reinforced by a respectful attitude where the parents are confirmed in their grief; the baby is treated the same way a live baby would be. Healthcare professionals need enough time to process their experiences before caring for other families giving birth. Third, Existential issues about life and death become intensely tangible for everyone involved, and they often feel lonely and vulnerable. Healthcare professionals also reflect on the thin line between life and death and often question their performance, especially when lacking collegial and organisational support. Finally, the fusion Stigmatisation focused on how parents, siblings, and healthcare professionals experienced stigma expressed as a sense of loneliness, vulnerability, and being deviant and marginalised when a baby died before or during birth. GRADE CERQual ratings for the four fusions ranged from moderate to high confidence. ConclusionsThe profound experiences synthesised in the fusions of this meta-synthesis showed the complex impacts the birth of a baby with no signs of life had on everyone involved. These fusions can be addressed and supported by applying person-centred care to all individuals involved. Hence, grief may be facilitated for parents and siblings, and healthcare professionals may be provided with good conditions in their professional practice. Furthermore, continuing education and support to healthcare professionals may facilitate them to provide compassionate care and support to affected parents and siblings. The fusions should also be considered when implementing national recommendations, guidelines, and clinical practice.
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| 40. |
- Rizzi, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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The safety effect of increased pedestrian protection, autonomous emergency braking for pedestrians and bicyclists on passenger cars, and speed management
- 2024
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Ingår i: Traffic Safety Research. - : Lund University. - 2004-3082. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This was the first retrospective study to estimate the effect of increased pedestrian protection, autonomous emergency braking, and speed management to reduce serious injuries among pedestrians and bicyclists. More specifically, the aim was to estimate the injury mitigating effects of the following interventions: AEB with pedestrian and bicyclist detection, Euro NCAP pedestrian test score, active bonnet, traffic calming at pedestrian and bicycle crossings, and additionally, the combined effect of the above-mentioned treatments. The main source of data was the Swedish traffic data acquisition system (Strada), where information of road traffic crashes between passenger cars and pedestrians or bicyclists for the period 1 January 2003–31 December 2022 was obtained. Cars with optional fitment of AEB systems were identified, and the license registration number was used to access individual car equipment lists to identify whether the vehicle was equipped with AEB with pedestrian and/or cyclist detection. Information about traffic calming at pedestrian and bicycle crossings was obtained from the Swedish Transport Administration. The injury metric used was risk of permanent medical impairment (RPMI) of at least one percent and ten percent. RPMI captures the risk of long-term medical impairment based on a diagnosed injury location and Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) score. The relative difference between the mean values of RPMI (mRPMI1%+ and mRPMI10%+) was calculated and tested using an independent two sample t-test which was conducted for unequal sample sizes and variance. Although many results were found to be statistically non-significant, the following results were found to be significant at least at 90% level. Pedestrian mRPMI10%+ was reduced by 44% in speed zones ≤ 50 km/h comparing the group struck by cars equipped with AEB with pedestrian detection compared to the group struck by cars without the system. For cyclists, the mRPMI10%+ was reduced by 35% in speed zones ≤ 50 km/h. For crashes within ± 20 meters from a pedestrian or bicycle crossing, the AEB system reduced 60% of pedestrians mRPMI10%+ at crossings with good safety standard compared to crossings of poor safety standard. The comparison of cars with poor performance (1–9 points) in the NCAP pedestrian test and cars with a high score (28–36 points) showed that pedestrian mRPMI10%+ was reduced by 48% across all speed limits, and by 64% including only those aged ≤ 64 years. For bicyclists, a significant reduction of cyclist mRPMI10%+ was found comparing low scoring cars to high scoring cars in ≤ 30 km/h speed limit (-73%) and across all speed limits (-36%). Including only those aged ≤ 64 years, the reduction was 49%. For the active bonnet, a significant reduction of mRPMI1%+ by 24% was observed but given that the rate of helmet wearing was higher in the group struck by cars with active bonnet, this difference cannot be attributed to an effect of an active bonnet. The STA safety rating of pedestrian and bicycle crossings showed that overall pedestrian mRPMI1%+ was reduced by 15%, while cyclists mRPMI10%+ was reduced by 32% comparing crossings of high safety level to crossings of poor safety level. The analysis of combined interventions showed that the total reduction of pedestrians and cyclists mRPMI10%+ together was 69%, from 6.4% to 2%. This paper demonstrates that a road environment with adapted infrastructure and speed, combined with passenger car technologies that improve the safety for vulnerable road users, can create significant reductions of serious (long-term) injuries among pedestrians and bicyclists. © 2024, Lund University Faculty of Engineering. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
- Ruyle, Bridger J., et al.
(författare)
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Interlaboratory Comparison of Extractable Organofluorine Measurements in Groundwater and Eel (Anguilla rostrata) : Recommendations for Methods Standardization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 57:48, s. 20159-20168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) frequently incorporates organofluorine measurements, particularly because they could support a class-based approach to regulation. However, standardized methods for organofluorine analysis in a broad suite of matrices are currently unavailable, including a method for extractable organofluorine (EOF) measured using combustion ion chromatography (CIC). Here, we report the results of an international interlaboratory comparison. Seven laboratories representing academia, government, and the private sector measured paired EOF and PFAS concentrations in groundwater and eel (Anguilla rostrata) from a site contaminated by aqueous film-forming foam. Among all laboratories, targeted PFAS could not explain all EOF in groundwater but accounted for most EOF in eel. EOF results from all laboratories for at least one replicate extract fell within one standard deviation of the interlaboratory mean for groundwater and five out of seven laboratories for eel. PFAS spike mixture recoveries for EOF measurements in groundwater and eel were close to the criterion (±30%) for standardized targeted PFAS methods. Instrumental operation of the CIC such as replicate sample injections was a major source of measurement uncertainty. Blank contamination and incomplete inorganic fluorine removal may introduce additional uncertainties. To elucidate the presence of unknown organofluorine using paired EOF and PFAS measurements, we recommend that analysts carefully consider confounding methodological uncertainties such as differences in precision between measurements, data processing steps such as blank subtraction and replicate analyses, and the relative recoveries of PFAS and other fluorine compounds.
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| 42. |
- Schillemans, T., et al.
(författare)
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Conflictual Accountability: Behavioral Responses to Conflictual Accountability of Agencies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Administration & Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 0095-3997 .- 1552-3039. ; 53:8, s. 1232-1262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In contemporary public governance, leaders of public organizations are faced with multiple, and oftentimes conflictual, accountability claims. Drawing upon a survey of CEO's of agencies in seven countries, we explore whether and how conflictual accountability regimes relate to strategic behaviors by agency-CEO's and their political principals. The presence of conflictual accountability is experienced as a major challenge and is associated with important behavioral responses by those CEO's. This article demonstrates empirically how conflictual accountability is related to (a) controlling behaviors by principals, (b) constituency building behaviors by agencies, and (c) a general pattern of intensified contacts and information processing by both parties.
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| 43. |
- Schiza, Aglaia, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive role of HER2-status on the effectiveness of endocrine adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal breast cancer patients : a population-based cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 186, s. 779-789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: There are conflicting results on the potential role of HER2-status on the efficacy of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and tamoxifen (TAM) in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC). The purpose of this population-based cohort study was to investigate the potential benefit of AIs compared to TAM as adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal BC patients by HER2-status in the era of modern therapy with HER2-blockade.METHODS: A population-based cohort study was performed including all postmenopausal women diagnosed with HR-positive BC without distant metastasis between 2007 and 2012 in three healthcare regions in Sweden. We analyzed the breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) in two distinct cohorts (HER2-negative, HER2-positive) based on the type of endocrine therapy (ET) used. A propensity score matching was performed separately in the HER2-negative and HER2-positive cohorts, respectively.RESULTS: After propensity score matching, 4368 patients with HER2-negative and 214 patients with HER2-positive BC were available for analysis. In the HER2-negative cohort, an improved BCSS [Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.77, p value < 0.001] and a trend toward improved OS (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.41-1.08, p value = 0.093) in favor of AI-based therapy was observed. In the HER2-positive cohort, no statistically significant difference between AI-based ET and TAM was found in terms of either BCSS or OS, although the direction of HR was similar as in the HER2-negative cohort (HR for BCSS: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.14-5.04, p = 0.849; HR for OS: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.10-3.38, p = 0.345).CONCLUSION: Our study results, based on propensity-matched cohorts, did not support any predictive value of HER2-status on endocrine therapy in postmenopausal BC patients. AI-based ET remains the treatment of choice for postmenopausal BC patients with HR-positive disease in the modern era of HER2-directed therapy irrespective of HER2-status.
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| 44. |
- Serenius, Fredrik, 1939-, et al.
(författare)
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Neurobehavioral symptoms in children born extremely preterm: A Swedish National Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 112:11, s. 2387-2399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To determine the prevalence of neurobehavioral symptoms at 6.5 years in children born extremely preterm (EPT, <27 weeks' gestation).Methods: Population-based cohort study of infants born EPT in Sweden from 2004 to 2007. Of 486 survivors 375 were assessed and compared with 369 matched term-born controls. EPT children free from neurosensory and intellectual disabilities (neurodevelopmental disabilities [NDD]-free, n = 236) were compared separately. Standardised questionnaires were used to assess parental ratings of hyperactivity and attention, emotional, peer-relation, conduct and social problems; and deficits in perception, language and memory.Results: EPT children had more reported problems in all assessed neurobehavioral domains than controls, with more than three times greater odds for most outcomes. Except for conduct problems, increased problems were identified also in NDD-free children. The odds of having neurobehavioral problems in =3 co-occurring domains were five (whole EPT group) and three (NDD-free group) times higher than in controls.Conclusion: EPT children with or without NDD have more neurobehavioral problems in multiple domains than term peers. Ongoing assessments of behaviour until school age or beyond should recognise early symptoms of attention, everyday social problems, perceptual, emotional or language difficulties.
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| 45. |
- Stranne, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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The climate sensitivity of northern Greenland fjords is amplified through sea-ice damming
- 2021
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Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Record-high air temperatures were observed over Greenland in the summer of 2019 and melting of the northern Greenland Ice Sheet was particularly extensive. Here we show, through direct measurements, that near surface ocean temperatures in Sherard Osborn Fjord, northern Greenland, reached 4 °C in August 2019, while in the neighboring Petermann Fjord, they never exceeded 0 °C. We show that this disparity in temperature between the two fjords occurred because thick multi-year sea ice at the entrance of Sherard Osborn Fjord trapped the surface waters inside the fjord, which led to the formation of a warm and fresh surface layer. These results suggest that the presence of multi-year sea ice increases the sensitivity of Greenland fjords abutting the Arctic Ocean to climate warming, with potential consequences for the long-term stability of the northern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
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| 46. |
- Tabar, Laszlo, et al.
(författare)
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Early detection of breast cancer rectifies inequality of breast cancer outcomes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 28:1, s. 34-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To explain apparent differences among mammography screening services in Sweden using individual data on participation in screening and with breast cancer-specific survival as an outcome.Methods: We analysed breast cancer survival data from the Swedish Cancer Register on breast cancer cases from nine Swedish counties diagnosed in women eligible for screening. Data were available on 38,278 breast cancers diagnosed and 4312 breast cancer deaths. Survival to death from breast cancer was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimate, for all cases in each county, and separately for cases of women participating and not participating in their last invitation to screening. Formal statistical comparisons of survival were made using proportional hazards regression.Results: All counties showed a reduction in the hazard of breast cancer death with participation in screening, but the reductions for individual counties varied substantially, ranging from 51% (95% confidence interval 46-55%) to 81% (95% confidence interval 74-85%). Survival rates in nonparticipating women ranged from 53% (95% confidence interval 40-65%) to 74% (95% confidence interval 72-77%), while the corresponding survival in women participating in screening varied from 80% (95% confidence interval 77-84%) to 86% (95% confidence interval 83-88%), a considerably narrower range.Conclusions: Differences among counties in the effect of screening on breast cancer outcomes were mainly due to variation in survival in women not participating in screening. Screening conferred similarly high survival rates in all counties. This indicates that the performance of screening services was similar across counties and that detection and treatment of breast cancer in early-stage reduces inequalities in breast cancer outcome.
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| 47. |
- Thurell, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Risk-adjusted benchmarking of long-term overall survival in patients with HER2-positive early-stage Breast cancer : A Swedish retrospective cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Breast. - 0960-9776. ; 70, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The main objective of the current study was to explore the value of risk-adjustment when comparing (i.e. benchmarking) long-term overall survival (OS) in breast cancer (BC) between Swedish regions. We performed risk-adjusted benchmarking of 5- and 10-year OS after HER2-positive early BC diagnosis between Sweden's two largest healthcare regions, constituting approximately a third of the total population in Sweden. Methods: All patients diagnosed with HER2-positive early-stage BC between 01-01–2009 and 31-12-2016 in healthcare regions Stockholm-Gotland and Skane were included in the study. Cox proportional hazards model was used for risk-adjustment. Unadjusted (i.e. crude) and adjusted 5- and 10-year OS was benchmarked between the two regions. Results: The crude 5-year OS was 90.3% in the Stockholm-Gotland region and 87.8% in the Skane region. The crude 10-year OS was 81.7% in the Stockholm-Gotland region and 77.3% in the Skane region. However, when adjusted for age, menopausal status and tumour biology, there was no significant OS disparity between the regions, neither at the 5-year nor 10-year follow-up. Conclusion: This study showed that risk-adjustment is relevant when benchmarking OS in BC, even when comparing regions from the same country that share the same national treatment guidelines. This is, to our knowledge, the first published risk-adjusted benchmarking of OS in HER2-positive BC.
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| 48. |
- Tripathi, Rekha, PhD student, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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SLC38A10 Regulate Glutamate Homeostasis and Modulate the AKT/TSC2/mTOR Pathway in Mouse Primary Cortex Cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-634X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glutamate acts as a critical regulator of neurotransmitter balance, recycling, synaptic function and homeostasis in the brain and glutamate transporters control glutamate levels in the brain. SLC38A10 is a member of the SLC38 family and regulates protein synthesis and cellular stress responses. Here, we uncover the role of SLC38A10 as a transceptor involved in glutamate-sensing signaling pathways that control both the glutamate homeostasis and mTOR-signaling. The culture of primary cortex cells from SLC38A10 knockout mice had increased intracellular glutamate. In addition, under nutrient starvation, KO cells had an impaired response in amino acid-dependent mTORC1 signaling. Combined studies from transcriptomics, protein arrays and metabolomics established that SLC38A10 is involved in mTOR signaling and that SLC38A10 deficient primary cortex cells have increased protein synthesis. Metabolomic data showed decreased cholesterol levels, changed fatty acid synthesis, and altered levels of fumaric acid, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate and succinate in the TCA cycle. These data suggests that SLC38A10 may act as a modulator of glutamate homeostasis, and mTOR-sensing and loss of this transceptor result in lower cholesterol, which could have implications in neurodegenerative diseases.
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| 49. |
- Vilardell, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
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Surface integrity factors influencing fatigue crack nucleation of laser powder bed fusion Ti6Al4V alloy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 222-226
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of the surface influences remarkably the fatigue life of additive manufactured components. This work proposes to study the influence of surface integrity on the bending fatigue life of Ti6Al4V manufactured by laser powder bed fusion. Rectangular specimens were manufactured horizontally and the last printed layer had laser track scanning directions (α=30°,60°,90°) in relation to the specimen length. The top surface 3D-roughness average was similar for all the specimens. The specimens were studied under as-built and heat-treated conditions. A correlation between laser track scanning direction, 2D-roughness parameters, and fatigue life for as-built specimens was found. The as-built specimens with 90° and 30° direction showed the shortest and the longest fatigue life, respectively. Heat-treated specimens showed a shorter fatigue life independently of the surface roughness. This could be explained by other surface integrity factors influencing fatigue performance of the material, such as the presence of subsurface porosity and surface oxygen enrichment. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 50. |
- Weidenhiller, A., et al.
(författare)
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Improved strength grading based on log and board measurements - Review and outlook : The research project READistrength
- 2021
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Ingår i: World Conference on Timber Engineering 2021, WCTE 2021. - : World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timber utilisation and wood construction are fundamental components of Europe's strategy on progressing towards a sustainable bio-based economy. Both components require optimised strength grading procedures in Europe's sawmills. To further improve the current procedures, quality assessment and segregation of the raw material need to start already at the roundwood stage. Furthermore, the quality information should be made accessible throughout the production process to leverage the full potential for optimisation. This paper discusses the current state of research on combined log and board strength grading with a focus on the situation in Europe. It highlights limitations due to technology and current standardisation and identifies knowledge gaps and research opportunities. The European research project READiStrength (resource-efficient and data-driven integrated log and board strength grading) has been initiated to address these issues.
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