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- Sprigg, N., et al.
(författare)
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Early Recovery and Functional Outcome are Related with Causal Stroke Subtype : Data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1052-3057 .- 1532-8511. ; 16:4, s. 180-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Baseline severity and causal subtype are predictors of outcome in ischemic stroke. We used data from the Tinzaparin in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (TAIST) to further assess the relationship among stroke subtype, early recovery, and outcome. Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke (<48 hours ictus) and enrolled into TAIST were included. Severity was measured prospectively as the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale (SNSS) at days 0, 4, 7, and 10. Causal subtype as large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), or small vessel occlusion (SVO) was assigned after standard investigations. The rate of recovery was calculated as the change in SNSS at each time point. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index at day 90. Results: Analyses were performed on the 1190 patients in TAIST who met criteria for LAA, CE, and SVO. The largest change in SNSS score occurred between baseline and day 4 and was greatest in SVO (median improvement 4 U), compared with LAA (median improvement 2 U) and CE (median improvement 2 U) (P < .0001). If no improvement in SNSS had occurred by day 4, irrespective of subgroup, then early recovery (median SNSS improvement by day 10: 2) and functional outcome (mRS 4) tended to be limited, patients who recovered early tended to continue to improve (median SNSS improvement by day 10: 11) and had a better outcome at day 90 (median, mRS 2). Conclusions: Recovery is related to causal subtype. In all subtypes most recovery occurred by day 4, and was predictive of longer-term functional outcome. © 2007 National Stroke Association.
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| 7. |
- Sprigg, N., et al.
(författare)
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Stroke severity, early recovery and outcome are each related with clinical classification of stroke : Data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial' (TAIST)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 254:1-2, s. 54-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Baseline severity and clinical stroke syndrome (Oxford Community Stroke Project, OCSP) classification are predictors of outcome in stroke. We used data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial' (TAIST) to assess the relationship between stroke severity, early recovery, outcome and OCSP syndrome. Methods: TAIST was a randomised controlled trial assessing the safety and efficacy of tinzaparin versus aspirin in 1484 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Severity was measured as the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale (SNSS) at baseline and days 4, 7 and 10, and baseline OCSP clinical classification recorded: total anterior circulation infarct (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI), lacunar infarct (LACI) and posterior circulation infarction (POCI). Recovery was calculated as change in SNSS from baseline at day 4 and 10. The relationship between stroke syndrome and SNSS at days 4 and 10, and outcome (modified Rankin Scale at 90 days) were assessed. Results: Stroke severity was significantly different between TACI (most severe) and LACI (mildest) at all four time points (p < 0.001), with no difference between PACI and POCI. The largest change in SNSS score occurred between baseline and day 4, improvement was least in TACI (median 2 units), compared to other groups (median 3 units) (p < 0.001). If SNSS did not improve by day 4, then early recovery and late functional outcome tended to be limited irrespective of clinical syndrome (SNSS, baseline: 31, day 10: 32, mRS, day 90: 4), patients who recovered early tended to continue to improve and had better functional outcome irrespective of syndrome (SNSS, baseline: 35, day 10: 50, mRS, day 90: 2). Conclusions: Although functional outcome is related to baseline clinical syndrome (best with LACI, worst with TACI), patients who improve early have a more favourable functional outcome, irrespective of their OCSP syndrome. Hence, patients with a TACI syndrome may still achieve a reasonable outcome if early recovery occurs. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Anundi, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Air and biological monitoring of solvent exposure during grafitti removal
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 73:8, s. 561-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The principal aim of the study was to estimate the level of exposure to organic solvents of graffiti removers, and to identify the chemicals used in different cleaning agents. A secondary objective was to inform about the toxicity of various products and to optimise working procedures.METHODS: Exposure to organic solvents was determined by active air sampling and biological monitoring among 38 graffiti removers during an 8-h work shift in the Stockholm underground system. The air samples and biological samples were analysed by gas chromatography. Exposure to organic solvents was also assessed by a questionnaire and interviews.RESULTS: Solvents identified were N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPGME), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE), toluene, xylene, pseudocumene, hemimellitine, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, limonene, nonane, decane, undecane, hexandecane and gamma-butyrolactone. The 8-h average exposures [time-weighted average (TWA)] were below 20% of the Swedish permissible exposure limit value (PEL) for all solvents identified. In poorly ventilated spaces, e.g. in elevators etc., the short-term exposures exceeded occasionally the Swedish short-term exposure limit values (STEL). The blood and urine concentrations of NMP and its metabolites were low. Glycol ethers and their metabolites (2-methoxypropionic acid (MPA), ethoxy acetic acid (EAA), butoxy acetic acid (BAA), and 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) acetic acid (MEAA)) were found in low concentrations in urine. There were significant correlation between the concentrations of NMP in air and levels of NMP and its metabolites in blood and urine. The use of personal protective equipment, i.e. gloves and respirators, was generally high.CONCLUSIONS: Many different cleaning agents were used. The average exposure to solvents was low, but some working tasks included relatively high short-term exposure. To prevent adverse health effects, it is important to inform workers about the health risks and to restrict the use of the most toxic chemicals. Furthermore, it is important to develop good working procedures and to encourage the use of personal protection equipment.
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- Celis, Julio E., et al.
(författare)
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15-Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase Expression Alone or in Combination with ACSM1 Defines a Subgroup of the Apocrine Molecular Subtype of Breast Carcinoma
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9484. ; 7:10, s. 1795-1809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Established histopathological criteria divide invasive breast carcinomas into defined groups. Ductal of no specific type and lobular are the two major subtypes accounting for around 75 and 15% of all cases, respectively. The remaining 10% include rarer types such as tubular, cribriform, mucinous, papillary, medullary, metaplastic, and apocrine breast carcinomas. Molecular profiling technologies, on the other hand, subdivide breast tumors into five subtypes, basal-like, luminal A, luminal B, normal breast tissue-like, and ERBB2-positive, that have different prognostic characteristics. An additional subclass termed "molecular apocrine" has recently been described, but these lesions did not exhibit all the histopathological features of classical invasive apocrine carcinomas (IACs). IACs make up 0.5-3% of the invasive ductal carcinomas, and despite the fact that they are morphologically distinct from other breast lesions, there are presently no standard molecular criteria available for their diagnosis and as a result no precise information as to their prognosis. Toward this goal our laboratories have embarked in a systematic proteomics endeavor aimed at identifying biomarkers that may characterize and subtype these lesions as well as targets that may lead to the development of novel targeted therapies and chemoprevention strategies. By comparing the protein expression profiles of apocrine macrocysts and non-malignant breast epithelial tissue we have previously reported the identification of a few proteins that are specifically expressed by benign apocrine lesions as well as by the few IACs that were available to us at the time. Here we reiterate our strategy to reveal apocrine cell markers and present novel data, based on the analysis of a considerably larger number of samples, establishing that IACs correspond to a distinct molecular subtype of breast carcinomas characterized by the expression of 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase alone or in combination with a novel form of acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 1 (ACSM1). Moreover we show that 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase is not expressed by other breast cancer types as determined by gel-based proteomics and immunohistochemistry analysis and that antibodies against this protein can identify IACs in an unbiased manner in a large breast cancer tissue microarray making them potentially useful as a diagnostic aid. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 7: 1795-1809, 2008.
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| 11. |
- Chioza, B., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of CACNA1H in European patients with childhood absence epilepsy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Epilepsy Res. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-1211. ; 69:2, s. 177-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CACNA1H was evaluated in a resource of Caucasian European patients with childhood absence epilepsy by linkage analysis and typing of sequence variants previously identified in Chinese patients. Linkage analysis of 44 pedigrees provided no evidence for a locus in the CACNA1H region and none of the Chinese variants were found in 220 unrelated patients.
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| 12. |
- Everett, K. V., et al.
(författare)
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Linkage and association analysis of CACNG3 in childhood absence epilepsy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Eur J Hum Genet. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 15:4, s. 463-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is an idiopathic generalised epilepsy characterised by absence seizures manifested by transitory loss of awareness with 2.5-4 Hz spike-wave complexes on ictal EEG. A genetic component to aetiology is established but the mechanism of inheritance and the genes involved are not fully defined. Available evidence suggests that genes encoding brain expressed voltage-gated calcium channels, including CACNG3 on chromosome 16p12-p13.1, may represent susceptibility loci for CAE. The aim of this work was to further evaluate CACNG3 as a susceptibility locus by linkage and association analysis. Assuming locus heterogeneity, a significant HLOD score (HLOD = 3.54, alpha = 0.62) was obtained for markers encompassing CACNG3 in 65 nuclear families with a proband with CAE. The maximum non-parametric linkage score was 2.87 (P < 0.002). Re-sequencing of the coding exons in 59 patients did not identify any putative causal variants. A linkage disequilibrium (LD) map of CACNG3 was constructed using 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Transmission disequilibrium was sought using individual SNPs and SNP-based haplotypes with the pedigree disequilibrium test in 217 CAE trios and the 65 nuclear pedigrees. Evidence for transmission disequilibrium (P < or = 0.01) was found for SNPs within a approximately 35 kb region of high LD encompassing the 5'UTR, exon 1 and part of intron 1 of CACNG3. Re-sequencing of this interval was undertaken in 24 affected individuals. Seventy-two variants were identified: 45 upstream; two 5'UTR; and 25 intronic SNPs. No coding sequence variants were identified, although four variants are predicted to affect exonic splicing. This evidence supports CACNG3 as a susceptibility locus in a subset of CAE patients.
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| 13. |
- Gray, L J, et al.
(författare)
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Significant variation in mortality and functional outcome after acute ischaemic stroke between western countries : Data from the tinzaparin in acute ischaemic stroke trial (TAIST)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - : BMJ. - 0022-3050 .- 1468-330X. ; 77:3, s. 327-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The medical care of patients with acute stroke varies considerably between countries. This could lead to measurable differences in mortality and functional outcome. Objective: To compare case mix, clinical management, and functional outcome in stroke between 11 countries. Methods: All 1484 patients from 11 countries who were enrolled into the tinzaparin in acute ischaemic stroke trial (TAIST) were included in this substudy. Information collected prospectively on demographics, risk factors, clinical features, measures of service quality (for example, admission to a stroke unit), and outcome were assessed. Outcomes were adjusted for treatment assignment, case mix, and service relative to the British Isles. Results: Differences in case mix (mostly minor) and clinical service (many of prognostic relevance) were present between the countries. Significant differences in outcome were present between the countries. When assessed by geographical region, death or dependency were lower in North America (odds ratio (OR) adjusted for treatment group only = 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.71) and north west Europe (OR = 0.54 (0.37 to 0.78)) relative to the British Isles, similar reductions were found when adjustments were made for 11 case mix variables and five service quality measures. Similarly, case fatality rates were lower in North America (OR = 0.44 (0.30 to 0.66)) and Scandinavia (OR = 0.50 (0.33 to 0.74)) relative to the British Isles, whether crude or adjusted for case mix and service quality. Conclusions: Both functional outcome and case fatality vary considerably between countries, even when adjusted for prognostic case mix variables and measures of good stroke care. Differing health care systems and the management of patients with acute stroke may contribute to these findings.
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| 15. |
- Langworth, S, et al.
(författare)
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Acute health effects common during graffiti removal
- 2001
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 74, s. 213-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
- Rydin, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Liaoxia Cao et SQ Wu (Gnetales) : ephedroids from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liaoning, northeastern China
- 2006
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Ingår i: Plant Systematics and Evolution. - 0378-2697 .- 1615-6110. ; 262:3-4, s. 239-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gnetalean compression-impression fossils are described from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, north-eastern China, and assigned to six species of Liaoxia Cao et S.Q. Wu. The fossils have opposite-decussate phyllotaxis and cones comprising 2–12 pairs of bracts. Ovulate cones have seeds typically in a distal position. The species differ from each other and from previously described fossils in the absence or presence of leaves, shape of cones and seeds, and shape and position of cone bracts. The species of Liaoxia are probably close relatives of extant species of Ephedra L., but diagnostic reproductive details that could confirm this hypothesis are not preserved. The restricted information in the fossils and the poorly understood morphological diversity of extant Ephedra, prevent assignment of the fossils to any particular subgroup of Ephedra, as well as an explicit exclusion of them from the extant genus.
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| 17. |
- Strömberg, C. A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Palaeoecology of a Middle Miocene lake in China: preliminary interpretations based on phytoliths from the Shanwang Basin
- 2007
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Ingår i: Vertebrata PalAsiatica. ; 45, s. 145-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lacustrine Early to Middle Miocene Shanwang Formation contains an exceptionally well preserved biota including insects, plants, and vertebrates that has been subject to intense study. Palaeoecological work on plant macrofossils and palynofloras indicate that the locality represents a forest under a humid, warm-temperate to subtropical climate that remained rather stable during the deposition of the formation. This interpretation is supported by fossil vertebrates such as bats and tapirs discovered in the Shanwang section. However, to date no information has been available on the presence, abundance, and taxonomic composition of grasses at this locality. Here, we report on phytoliths extracted from six samples from the Shanwang Formation, providing new evidence of the vegetation that grew around the lake. The phytolith assemblages contain well-preserved and abundant grass phytoliths, forest indicator phytoliths from dicotyledonous plants, and infrequent palm phytoliths. The grass phytoliths consist of forms produced by C,IC4 PACCAD grasses and pooids, with a minor component of morphotypes thought to derive from closed-habitat grasses. Our preliminary interpretation of these phytolith assemblages is that they reflect a lake-side wooded habitat and abundant helophytic to mesophytic grasses, with drier areas supporting pooid (and PACCAD) grasses. The data support the reconstruction of the Miocene Shanwang region as more humid and equable than presently. The Shanwang phytolith assemblages contrast with Miocene lacustrine phytolith assemblages from Turkey and the Great Plains of North America, which indicate grass communities characterized by diverse C3 pooids and different types of PACCAD grasses. Future research will determine whether this variability reflects large-scale biogeographic differences in grass communities or local, microclimate-related variation.
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| 18. |
- Strömberg, C. A. E., et al.
(författare)
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The spread of grass-dominated habitats in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Cainozoic: phytolith evidence
- 2007
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 250, s. 18-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The arrival of hipparionine horses in the eastern Mediterranean region around 11 Ma was traditionally thought to mark the simultaneous westward expansion of savanna vegetation across Eurasia. However, recent paleoecological reconstructions based on tooth wear, carbon isotopes, and functional morphology indicate that grasses played a minor role in Late Miocene ecosystems of the eastern Mediterranean, which were more likely dry woodlands or forests. The scarcity of grass macrofossils and pollen in Miocene floras of Europe and Asia Minor has been used to support this interpretation. Based on the combined evidence, it has therefore been suggested that Late Miocene ungulate faunal change in the eastern Mediterranean signals increased aridity and landscape openness, but not necessarily the development of grass-dominated habitats. To shed newlight on the Miocene evolution of eastern Mediterranean ecosystems, we used phytolith assemblages preserved in direct association with faunas as a proxy for paleovegetation structure (grassland vs. forest).We extracted phytoliths and other biogenic silica fromsediment samples fromwell-known Early to Late Miocene (∼20–7Ma) faunal localities in Greece, Turkey, and Iran. In addition, a Middle Eocene sample from Turkey yielded phytoliths and served as a baseline comparison for vegetation inference. Phytolith analysis showed that the Middle Eocene assemblage consists of abundant grass phytoliths (grass silica short cells) interpreted as deriving from bambusoid grasses, as well as diverse forest indicator phytoliths from dicotyledonous angiosperms and palms, pointing to the presence of a woodland or forest with abundant bamboos. In contrast, the Miocene assemblages are dominated by diverse silica short cells typical of pooid open-habitat grasses. Forest indicator phytoliths are also present, but are rare in the Late Miocene (9–7 Ma) assemblages. Our analysis of the Miocene grass community composition is consistent with evidence from stable carbon isotopes from paleosols and ungulate tooth enamel, showing that C4 grasses were rare in the Mediterranean throughout the Miocene. These data indicate that relatively open habitats had become common in Turkey and surrounding areas by at least the Early Miocene (∼20 Ma), N7 million years before hipparionine horses reached Europe and arid conditions ensued, as judged by faunal data.
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