| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Cavalie, T., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of water vapor in the stratosphere of Jupiter with the Odin space telescope
- 2008
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633. ; 56:12, s. 1573-1584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The water vapor line at 557 GHz has been observed with the Odin space telescope with a high signal-to-noise ratio and a high spectral resolution on November 8, 2002. The analysis of this observation as well as a re-analysis of previously published observations obtained with the submillimeter wavelength astronomy satellite seem to favor a cometary origin (Shoemaker-Levy 9) for water in the stratosphere of Jupiter, in agreement with the ISO observation results. Our model predicts that the water line should become fainter and broader from 2007. The observation of such a temporal variability would be contradictory with an IDP steady flux, thus supporting the SL9 source hypothesis. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Crovisier, J., et al.
(författare)
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The chemical composition of 9P/tempel 1 from radio observations
- 2009
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Ingår i: ESO Astrophysics Symposia. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1431-2433 .- 1611-6143. - 9783540769583 ; 2009, s. 243-248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2005, as part of a world-wide multi-wavelength investigation of comet 9P/Tempel 1 in support to the Deep Impact mission, we conducted radio spectroscopic observations with the Nançay radio telescope, the Odin satellite, the CSO 10-m and the IRAM 30-m telescopes. We report here our results concerning the chemical composition of the comet. The relative abundances of the detected species (H2O, CH3OH, H2S, HCN) or their upper limits (CO, H2CO, CS) are comparable to the mean values observed in other comets. No significant changes of the outgassing rates (except possibly for CH3OH) or of the molecular abundances were observed following the impact.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Biver, N., et al.
(författare)
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Periodic variation in the water production of comet C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) observed with the Odin satellite
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 501:1, s. 359-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Comet C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) was extensively studied with the 1.1-m submillimetre telescope of the Odin satellite. The H2O line at 557 GHz was regularly observed from 6 March to 16 May 2004 and nearly continuously monitored during 3 periods between 26 April and 2 May 2004. Aims: This last set of data shows periodic variations in the line intensity, and we looked for characterising the long- and short-term behaviour of this comet. Methods: We used the variance ratio method and χ2 minimization to find the period of variation in the water production rate and simulations to infer its amplitude at the nucleus surface. Results: A 40% periodic variation in the water production rate is measured with a period of 0.816±0.004 day (19.58±0.1 h). The comet also exhibits a seasonal effect with a mean peak of outgassing around 2.7×1029 molec. s-1 taking place about 18 days before perihelion.
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| 7. |
- Biver, N., et al.
(författare)
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Radio observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impact
- 2007
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Ingår i: Icarus. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2643 .- 0019-1035. ; 191:2, s. 494-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comet 9P/Tempel 1 was the target of a multi-wavelength worldwide investigation in 2005. The NASA Deep Impact mission reached the comet on 4.24 July 2005, delivering a 370-kg impactor which hit the comet at 10.3 km s -1 . Following this impact, a cloud of gas and dust was excavated from the comet nucleus. The comet was observed in 2005 prior to and after the impact, at 18-cm wavelength with the Nançay radio telescope, in the millimeter range with the IRAM and CSO radio telescopes, and at 557 GHz with the Odin satellite. OH observations at Nançay provided a 4-month monitoring of the outgassing of the comet from March to June, followed by the observation of H 2 O with Odin from June to August 2005. The peak of outgassing was found to be around 1 × 10 28 molec. s -1 between May and July. Observations conducted with the IRAM 30-m radio telescope in May and July 2005 resulted in detections of HCN, CH 3 OH and H 2 S with classical abundances relative to water (0.12, 2.7 and 0.5%, respectively). In addition, a variation of the HCN production rate with a period of 1.73 ± 0.10 days was observed in May 2005, consistent with the 1.7-day rotation period of the nucleus. The phase of these variations, as well as those of CN seen in July by Jehin et al. [Jehin, E., Manfroid, J., Hutsemékers, D., Cochran, A.L., Arpigny, C., Jackson, W.M., Rauer, H., Schulz, R., Zucconi, J.-M., 2006. Astrophys. J. 641, L145-L148], is consistent with a rotation period of the nucleus of 1.715 days and a strong variation of the outgassing activity by a factor 3 from minimum to maximum. This also implies that the impact took place on the rising phase of the "natural" outgassing which reached its maximum ≈4 h after the impact. Post-impact observations at IRAM and CSO did not reveal a significant change of the outgassing rates and relative abundances, with the exception of CH 3 OH which may have been more abundant by up to one order of magnitude in the ejecta. Most other variations are linked to the intrinsic variability of the comet. The Odin satellite monitored nearly continuously the H 2 O line at 557 GHz during the 38 h following the impact on the 4th of July, in addition to weekly monitoring. Once the periodic variations related to the nucleus rotation are removed, a small increase of outgassing related to the impact is present, which corresponds to the release of ≈ 5000 ± 2000 tons of water. Two other bursts of activity, also observed at other wavelengths, were seen on 23 June and 7 July; they correspond to even larger releases of gas. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Biver, N., et al.
(författare)
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Radio observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impact
- 2007
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Ingår i: Icarus. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2643 .- 0019-1035. ; 187:1, s. 253-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comet 9P/Tempel 1 was the target of a multi-wavelength worldwide investigation in 2005. The NASA Deep Impact mission reached the comet on 4.24 July 2005, delivering a 370-kg impactor which hit the comet at 10.3 km s -1 . Following this impact, a cloud of gas and dust was excavated from the comet nucleus. The comet was observed in 2005 prior to and after the impact, at 18-cm wavelength with the Nançay radio telescope, in the millimeter range with the IRAM and CSO radio telescopes, and at 557 GHz with the Odin satellite. OH observations at Nançay provided a 4-month monitoring of the outgassing of the comet from March to June, followed by the observation of H 2 O with Odin from June to August 2005. The peak of outgassing was found to be around 1 × 10 28 molec. s -1 between May and July. Observations conducted with the IRAM 30-m radio telescope in May and July 2005 resulted in detections of HCN, CH 3 OH and H 2 S with classical abundances relative to water (0.12, 2.7 and 0.5%, respectively). In addition, a variation of the HCN production rate with a period of 1.73 ± 0.10 days was observed in May 2005, consistent with the 1.7-day rotation period of the nucleus. The phase of these variations, as well as those of CN seen in July by Jehin et al. [Jehin, E., Manfroid, J., Hutsemékers, D., Cochran, A.L., Arpigny, C., Jackson, W.M., Rauer, H., Schulz, R., Zucconi, J.-M., 2006. Astrophys. J. 641, L145-L148], is consistent with a rotation period of the nucleus of 1.715 days and a strong variation of the outgassing activity by a factor 3 from minimum to maximum. This also implies that the impact took place on the rising phase of the "natural" outgassing which reached its maximum ≈4 h after the impact. Post-impact observations at IRAM and CSO did not reveal a significant change of the outgassing rates and relative abundances, with the exception of CH 3 OH which may have been more abundant by up to one order of magnitude in the ejecta. Most other variations are linked to the intrinsic variability of the comet. The Odin satellite monitored nearly continuously the H 2 O line at 557 GHz during the 38 h following the impact on the 4th of July, in addition to weekly monitoring. Once the periodic variations related to the nucleus rotation are removed, a small increase of outgassing related to the impact is present, which corresponds to the release of ≈ 5000 ± 2000 tons of water. Two other bursts of activity, also observed at other wavelengths, were seen on 23 June and 7 July; they correspond to even larger releases of gas. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bjerkeli, Per, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Odin observations of water in molecular outflows and shocks
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 507:3, s. 1455-1466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We investigate the ortho-water abundance in outflows and shocks in order to improve our knowledge of shock chemistry and of the physics behind molecular outflows.Methods: We used the Odin space observatory to observe the H2O(110-101) line. We obtain strip maps and single pointings of 13 outflows and two supernova remnants where we report detections for eight sources. We used RADEX to compute the beam averaged abundances of o-H2O relative to H2. In the case of non-detection, we derive upper limits on the abundance.Results: Observations of CO emission from the literature show that the volume density of H2 can vary to a large extent, a parameter that puts severe uncertainties on the derived abundances. Our analysis shows a wide range of abundances reflecting the degree to which shock chemistry affects the formation and destruction of water. We also compare our results with recent results from the SWAS team.Conclusions: Elevated abundances of ortho-water are found in several sources. The abundance reaches values as high as what would be expected from a theoretical C-type shock where all oxygen, not in the form of CO, is converted to water. However, the high abundances we derive could also be due to the low densities (derived from CO observations) that we assume. The water emission may in reality stem from high density regions much smaller than the Odin beam. We do not find any relationship between the abundance and the mass loss rate. On the other hand, there is a relation between the derived water abundance and the observed maximum outflow velocity.Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Centre National d'Étude Spatiale (CNES).The Swedish ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) located at La Silla, Chile was funded by the Swedish Research Council (VR) and the European Southern Observatory. It was decommissioned in 2003. Appendix B is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
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| 12. |
- Frisk, Margot L. A., 1945-
(författare)
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Asthma and respiratory symptoms related to the housing environment
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this dissertation was to study the housing environment with a focus on indoor climate factors which may maintain or worsen respiratory symptoms among persons with asthma.Quasi-experimental and cross-sectional designs and a case-control approach were used. In Study I data was collected from a consecutive series of patients with asthma (n=21) and in the three other studies from a randomly selected sample, representative of the general population (n=6732). This sample was classified into subgroups (Study II): persons with asthma (n=261), healthy persons (n=5266) and persons with symptoms (n=1205). In Study III persons with asthma (n=49) were compared to persons without asthma (n=48), and the same group, persons with asthma (n=49) was also included in Study IV. Data were gathered using subjective information from diaries and questionnaires as well as objective measurements of medical and environmental factors.Lung function was improved and there was a tendency for the indoor climate to improve after the removal of textile wall-to-wall carpets or the increase of air exchange rate. No statistically significant differences were found in the housing environment when persons with and without asthma were compared. However in some individual homes, environmental factors at levels that could increase symptoms were identified. In single-family houses higher levels of humidity, insufficient ventilation and the occurrence of house dust mites indicated a less favorable indoor climate compared to multi-family houses. Respiratory symptoms attributed to specific environmental exposures increased in both healthy and unhealthy persons when they reported occurrence of indoor climate risk indicators. No statistically significant associations were found between separate risk indicators, identified by a ‘Housing Environmental-index’, or the frequency of indicators and clinical tests. The lack of significant associations may show that the chosen cut-off levels in the index were too high in reference to persons with asthma and further research is needed to establish relevant cut-off levels.In some of the investigated houses there was a need for secondary preventive interventions to improve the indoor climate in order to decrease the exposure of allergens and airway irritants. In this dissertation one aspect of the complex relationship between the person and the environment, i.e. accessibility, has been studied. Further research is needed to address the aspect of usability, i.e. the person’s own evaluation of the degree to which they can be in and use the environment.
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| 13. |
- Frisk, Margot L. A., 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Can a housing environmental index establish associations between indoor risk indicators and clinical tests in persons with asthma?
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Health Research. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0960-3123 .- 1369-1619. ; 19:6, s. 389-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate the associations between indoor risk indicators, identified by a Housing Environmental index (HE-index), and clinical tests of lung function, allergy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). Forty-nine eligible subjects participated in the investigation. The HE-index was based on national and international guidelines and related to measurements of humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, allergens and occurrence of tobacco smoke and pets. Only 18% of the investigated homes did not have any of the risk indicators. Statistically significant associations were found between exposure to mites and lung function, and to a lesser degree in BHR for subjects living in homes with pets. The cut-off levels in the HE-index were not specifically related to health effects and may therefore have been too high for sensitive persons. Further studies are needed to establish relevant guidelines for the identification of risk indicators in the housing environment for persons with asthma.
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| 14. |
- Frisk, Margot L. A., et al.
(författare)
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Increased occurrence of respiratory symptoms is associated with indoor climate risk indicators : a cross-sectional study in a Swedish population
- 2007
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 101:9, s. 2031-2035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A basic assumption was that exposure to the indoor environment would increase the manifestation of respiratory symptoms in predisposed individuals. The aim was to investigate the proportion of perceived respiratory symptoms attributed to specific environmental exposures, and associations related to indoor climate risk indicators, i.e. occurrence of damp or mould, insufficient ventilation and condensation on windows.MethodA questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 8008 individuals, stratified for gender and age. The response rate was 84% (n=6732). Established criteria for current asthma were used to classify subjects into three subgroups: asthmatics, healthy and symptomatics (but without current asthma).ResultsThe proportion of symptoms attributed to specific environmental exposures increased in the total sample and in the three subgroups when indoor climate risk indicators, particularly damp or mould, were reported. Generally, the lowest proportions were found for healthy and the highest for asthmatics. Univariate analyses presented as relative risks (RR) (95% CI) showed significantly increased risks for perceived overall influence on airways for all groups, with RR ranging from 4.3 to 6.8. Although respiratory symptoms attributed to dust, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and strong scents increased when risk indicators were reported, RR were generally lower in all groups.ConclusionThe high frequency of respiratory symptoms among asthmatics increased when occurrences of risk indicators were reported. Similarly, increased symptoms were found for healthy indicating that indoor climate risk indicators may affect both healthy and unhealthy individuals.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Goulet, Anne-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Selenomethionine induces sustained ERK phosphorylation leading to cell-cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells
- 2005
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 26:1, s. 109-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selenomethionine (SeMet) is being tested alone and in combination with other agents in cancer chemoprevention trials. However, the molecular targets and the signaling mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of this compound are not completely clear. Here, we provide evidence that SeMet can induce cell-growth arrest and that the growth inhibition is associated with S-G2/M cell-cycle arrest. Coincidentally with the cell-cycle arrest, we observed a striking increase in cyclin B as well as phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2. Since activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade has been associated with cell-cycle arrest and growth inhibition, we evaluated the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We found that SeMet induced phosphorylation of the MAPK ERK in a dose-dependent manner. We also demonstrate phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) by SeMet. Additionally, we show phosphorylation of histone H3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of p90RSK and histone H3 were both antagonized by the MEK inhibitor U0126, implying that SeMet-induced phosphorylation of p90RSK and histone H3 are at least in part ERK pathway dependent. Based on these results, we propose that SeMet induced growth arrest and phosphorylation of histone H3 are mediated by persistent ERK and p90RSK activation. These new data provide valuable insights into the biological effects of SeMet at clinically relevant concentrations.
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| 19. |
- Mouzon, Johanne, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of transparent yttria by HIP and the glass-encapsulation method
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 29:2, s. 311-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This method consists of a combination of vacuum sintering at 1600 °C followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1500 °C of a highly agglomerated commercial powder. The use of evacuated glass capsules to perform HIP treatment allowed samples that showed open porosity after vacuum sintering to be sintered to transparency. The sintering response of the investigated powder was studied by careful microstructural observations using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy both in reflection and transmission. The successful key of this method was to keep porosity intergranular during pre-sintering, so that it can be removed subsequently by HIP treatment. It was found that agglomerates of closely packed particles are helpful to reach that purpose, since they densify fully and leave only intergranular porosity. However, performing HIP treatment at 1625 °C was found to result in opaque samples. This was attributed to the diffusion of argon inside the capsule. Contamination at different steps of processing was also investigated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
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| 20. |
- Olofsson, Henrik, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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A spectral line survey of Orion KL in the bands 486-492 and 541-577 GHz with the Odin satellite. I. The observational data
- 2007
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 476:number 2, December III, s. 791-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims.Spectral line surveys are useful since they allow identification of new molecules and new lines in uniformly calibrated data sets. The subsequent multi-transition analysis will provide improved knowledge of molecular abundances, cloud temperatures and densities, and may also reveal previously unsuspected blends of molecular lines, which otherwise may lead to erroneous conclusions. Nonetheless, large portions of the sub-millimetre spectral regime remain unexplored due to severe absorptions by H2O and O2 in the terrestrial atmosphere. The purpose of the measurements presented here is to cover wavelength regions at and around 0.55 mm - regions largely unobservable from the ground.Methods.Using the Odin astronomy/aeronomy satellite, we performed the first spectral survey of the Orion KL molecular cloud core in the bands 486-492 and 541-576 GHz with rather uniform sensitivity (22-25 mK baseline noise). Odin's 1.1 m size telescope, equipped with four cryo-cooled tuneable mixers connected to broad band spectrometers, was used in a satellite position-switching mode. Two mixers simultaneously observed different 1.1 GHz bands using frequency steps of 0.5 GHz (25 h each). An on-source integration time of 20 h was achieved for most bands. The entire campaign consumed ~1100 orbits, each containing one hour of serviceable astro-observation.Results.We identified 280 spectral lines from 38 known interstellar molecules (including isotopologues) having intensities in the range 80 to 0.05 K. An additional 64 weak lines remain unidentified. Apart from the ground state rotational 11,0-10,1 transitions of ortho-H2O, H218O and H217O, the high energy 62,4-71,7 line of para-H2O (Eu=867$\,$K) and the HDO(20,2-11,1) line have been observed, as well as the 10-01 lines from NH3 and its rare isotopologue 15NH3. We suggest assignments for some unidentified features, notably the new interstellar molecules ND and SH-. Severe blends have been detected in the line wings of the H218O, H217O and 13CO lines changing the true linewidths of the outflow emission.
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| 21. |
- Persson, Carina, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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A spectral line survey of Orion KL in the bands 486-492 and 541-577 GHz with the Odin satellite. II. Data analysis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 476:2, December III, s. 807-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims.We investigate the physical and chemical conditions in a typical star forming region, including an unbiased search for new molecules in a spectral region previously unobserved.Methods.Due to its proximity, the Orion KL region offers a unique laboratory of molecular astrophysics in a chemically rich, massive star forming region. Several ground-based spectral line surveys have been made, but due to the absorption by water and oxygen, the terrestrial atmosphere is completely opaque at frequencies around 487 and 557 GHz. To cover these frequencies we used the Odin satellite to perform a spectral line survey in the frequency ranges 486-492 GHz and 541-577 GHz, filling the gaps between previous spectral scans. Odin's high main beam efficiency, $\eta_{{\rm mb}}$ = 0.9, and observations performed outside the atmosphere make our intensity scale very well determined.Results.We observed 280 spectral lines from 38 molecules including isotopologues, and, in addition, 64 unidentified lines. A few U-lines have interesting frequency coincidences such as ND and the anion SH-. The beam-averaged emission is dominated by CO, H2O, SO2, SO, 13CO and CH3OH. Species with the largest number of lines are CH3OH, (CH3)2O, SO2, 13CH3OH, CH3CN and NO. Six water lines are detected including the ground state rotational transition 11,0-10,1 of o-H2O, its isotopologues o-H218O and o-H217O, the Hot Core tracing p-H2O transition 62,4-71,7, and the 20, 2-11,1 transition of HDO. Other lines of special interest are the 10-0$_$ transition of NH3 and its isotopologue 15NH3. Isotopologue abundance ratios of D/H, 12C/13C, 32S/34S, 34S/33S, and 18O/17O are estimated. The temperatures, column densities and abundances in the various subregions are estimated, and we find very high gas-phase abundances of H2O, NH3, SO2, SO, NO, and CH3OH. A comparison with the ice inventory of ISO sheds new light on the origin of the abundant gas-phase molecules.
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| 22. |
- Ristorcelli, I., et al.
(författare)
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Odin observation of water in the IRAS 16293-2422 low-mass star forming region
- 2005
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Ingår i: Astrochemistry: Recent Successes and Current Challenges. ; , s. 227P-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present the Odin satellite submillimeter measurement of the ground state transition of ortho-water at 557 GHz around the low-mass protostar IRAS16293-2422. The three following regions have been probed: the on-source position, and the two regions of interaction between the molecular outflows and the dense ambient cloud, i .e. on the SiO peak E1, and near the deuterated peak (cf Lis et al.(2002)). The three spectra reveal broad emission, with a narrow and deep absorption feature at the velocity of the quiescent gas. The water line profiles and intensities have been compared and combined with the CO(3- 2) and HCO+ lines from Lis et al.(2002) after convolution over the Odin beam. The contribution from the central envelope on the water line emission has been estimated with the infall model of Shoier et al. 2002. We show that the water emission is dominated by the outflows, particularly in the red wing of the lines. Using a c-shock modelling (Cabrit et al. 2005), we derive an abundance of X(H2O) 1 - 3 × 10-5 of H2, and shock velocities of 12 - 15 km/s. We also show that the absorption feature is due to the cold outer halo and corresponds to a lower limit of a few 10-9 on the H2O abundance.
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| 23. |
- Sandqvist, Aa, et al.
(författare)
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Odin spectral line observations of Sgr A and Sgr B2 at submm wavelengths and in the 118-GHz band
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 54, s. 72-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since its launch in 2001, the Odin satellite has been observing the Galactic Centre Sgr A Complex (CND, +20 and +50 km s-1 Clouds) as well as the nearby star formation region, Sgr B2, a number of times. Observations have been made in the 118-119 GHz and 486-581 GHz bands. A limited mapping of the Sgr A Complex in the H162O line has been performed and new observations of the H182O line took place in 2006. In the 118-119 GHz band, a strong line of HC3N (J = 13 - 12) has been detected at a number of positions - sensitive upper limits have been obtained for the O2 (11 - 10) and the SiC (3Π2, J = 3 - 2) lines. Towards Sgr B2, submm observations have yielded absorption profles of H162O, H182O, H172O, NH3, and 15NH3.
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| 24. |
- Tolf, Conny, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of polyclonal antibodies against the capsid proteins of Ljungan virus
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Virological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0934 .- 1879-0984. ; 150:1-2, s. 34-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ljungan virus (LV) is a suspected human pathogen isolated from voles in Sweden and North America. To enable virus detection and studies of localization and activity of virion proteins, polyclonal antibodies were produced against bacterially expressed capsid proteins of the LV strain, 87-012G. Specific detection of proteins corresponding to viral antigens in lysates of LV infected cells was demonstrated by immunoblotting using each one of the generated polyclonal antibodies. In addition, native viral antigens present in cell culture infected with LV strains 87-012G or 145SLG were detected in ELISA and by immunofluorescence using the antibodies against the VP0 and VP1 proteins. The anti-VP3 antibody did not react with native proteins of the LV virion, suggesting that the VP3 is less potent in evoking humoral response and may have a less exposed orientation in the virus capsid. No activity of the antibodies was observed against the closely related human parechovirus type 1. The polyclonal antibody against the VP1 protein was further used for detection of LV infected myocytes in a mouse model of LV-induced myocarditis. Thus, polyclonal antibodies against recombinant viral capsid proteins enabled detection of natural LV virions by several different immunological methods.
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| 25. |
- Urban, Joachim, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Odin/SMR limb observations of stratospheric trace gases: Validation of N2O
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 110:9, s. D09301-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (Odin/SMR) on board the Odin satellite, launched on 20 February 2001, performs regular measurements of the global distribution of stratospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) using spectral observations of the J = 20→ 19 rotational transition centered at 502.296 GHz. We present a quality assessment for the retrieved N2O profiles (level 2 product) by comparison with independent balloonborne and aircraftborne validation measurements as well as by cross-comparing with preliminary results from other satellite instruments. An agreement with the airborne validation experiments within 28 ppbv in terms of the root mean square (RMS) deviation is found for all SMR data versions (v222, v223, and v1.2) under investigation. More precisely, the agreement is within 19 ppbv for N2O volume mixing ratios (VMR) lower than 200 ppbv and within 10% for mixing ratios larger than 150 ppbv. Given the uncertainties due to atmospheric variability inherent to such comparisons, these values should be interpreted as upper limits for the systematic error of the Odin/SMR N2O measurements. Odin/SMR N2O mixing ratios are systematically slightly higher than nonvalidated data obtained from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-II (ILAS-II) on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II). Root mean square deviations are generally within 23 ppbv (or 20% for VMR-N2O > 100 ppbv) for versions 222 and 223. The comparison with data obtained from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on the Envisat satellite yields a good agreement within 9-17 ppbv (or 10% for VMR-N2O > 100 ppbv) for the same data versions. Odin/SMR version 1.2 data show somewhat larger RMS deviations and a higher positive bias.
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| 26. |
- Wang, D.Y., et al.
(författare)
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Comparisons of MIPAS/ENVISAT ozone profiles with SMR/ODIN and HALOE/UARS observations
- 2005
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 36:5, s. 927-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ozone volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles are measured by the Michelson Interferometer for passive atmospheric sounding (MIPAS) on ENVISAT. The data sets produced by the science data processor at Institut fur Meteorologic und Klimaforschung (IMK), Germany are compared with those obtained by halogen occultation experiment (HALOE) on UARS and by sub-millimetre radiometer (SMR) on ODIN. For the stratospheric measurements taken during September/October 2002, the three instruments show reasonable agreement, with global mean differences within 0.1-0.3 ppmv. The typical zonal mean differences are of 0.4 ppmv for HALOE and 0.6 ppmv for SMR (4-6%) in the ozone VMR peak region at 25-30 km near the equator, though larger differences of 0.8-1 ppmv (8-10%) are also observed in a small latitude-altitude region in the tropic. A positive bias of about 0.2-0.4 ppmv in the MIPAS data in the 35-40 km region has also been found. Further studies are under way to explain these differences.
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