| 1. |
- Angelhoff, Charlotte, medicine doktor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of skin-to-skin contact on parents' sleep quality, mood, parent-infant interaction and cortisol concentrations in neonatal care units : study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Separation after preterm birth is a major stressor for infants and parents. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a method of care suitable to use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to minimise separation between parents and infants. Less separation leads to increased possibilities for parent-infant interaction, provided that the parents' sleep quality is satisfactory. We aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous SSC on sleep quality and mood in parents of preterm infants born <33 weeks of gestation as well as the quality of parent-infant interaction and salivary cortisol concentrations at the time of discharge.Methods and analysis: A randomised intervention study with two arms-intervention versus standard care. Data will be collected from 50 families. Eligible families will be randomly allocated to intervention or standard care when transferred from the intensive care room to the family-room in the NICU. The intervention consists of continuous SSC for four consecutive days and nights in the family-room. Data will be collected every day during the intervention and again at the time of discharge from the hospital. Outcome measures comprise activity tracker (Actigraph); validated self-rated questionnaires concerning sleep, mood and bonding; observed scorings of parental sensitivity and emotional availability and salivary cortisol. Data will be analysed with pairwise, repeated measures, Mann Whitney U-test will be used to compare groups and analysis of variance will be used to adjust for different hospitals and parents' gender.Ethics and dissemination: The study is approved by the Regional Research Ethics Board at an appropriate university (2016/89-31). The results will be published in scientific journals. We will also use conferences and social media to disseminate our findings.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Emma
(författare)
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The importance of psychological and physical stressors on diabetes-related immunity in a young population – an interdisciplinary approach
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of immunological disorders such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasingly common amongst children, adolescents and young adults. There is also an increase in psychosomatic symptoms (depression, insomnia, anxiety, headaches and fatigue etc.) as well as a decrease in physical activity amongst young people, affecting the well-being and overall health of our younger population. It is therefore important to study the effects of psychological and physical stressors on the immune system, to evaluate their impact on juvenile health.Aim: This thesis explores the impact of psychological and physical stressors on the cellular immune system with special focus on diabetes-related immunity in a young population, using an interdisciplinary approach.Method: When exploring the impact of psychological and physical stressors such as psychological stress due to exposure to psychological stressful experiences or degree of physical activity/training on the cellular immune system in children, adolescents and young women, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with antigens (tetanus toxoid (TT) and β-lactoglobulin (βLG)) as well as diabetes-related autoantigens (insulin, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), tyrosine phosphatase-2 (IA-2) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)) and secreted cytokines and chemokines were measured by multiplex fluorochrome technique (Luminex). Populations of Thelper (Th) cells (CD4+), T-cytotoxic (Tc) cells (CD8+), B cells (CD19+), Natural Killer (NK) cells (CD56+CD16+) as well as regulatory T (Treg) cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD127-), and their expression of CD39 and CD45RA were studied by flow cytometry. Diabetes-related parameters (glucose, C-peptide,proinsulin, pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY) were measured to studyβ-cell activity and appetite regulation and cortisol was used as a biological marker for psychological and physical stress.Results: Children in families exposed to psychological stress showed an imbalanced cellular immune response as well as an increased immune response towards diabetes-related autoantigens. Also, previous exposure to psychological stress as well as current exposure to psychological stress in young women showed an increased immune response towards diabetes-related autoantigens. Further, previous exposure to psychological stress in young women showed increased numbers of circulating CD56+CD16+ NK cells as wellas decreased numbers of circulating CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD127- Treg cells. High physical activity in children showed decreased spontaneous immune response as well as a decreased immune response towards diabetes-related autoantigens, while low physical activity in children showed an increased immune response towards diabetes-related autoantigens. Further, endurance training in adolescents, especially in adolescent males and young adolescents, showed an increased immune response towards the diabetes-related autoantigen IA-2.Conclusion: It is evident that psychological and physical stressors such as exposure to psychological stress and degree of physical activity/training impact the cellular immune system. Experiences associated with psychological stress seem to have a negative effect on the cellular immune system in a young population, causing an imbalance in the immune system that could possibly induce diabetes-related immunity. High physical activity in children seems to have a protective effect against diabetes-related immunity. In contrast, low physical activity in children and endurance training in adolescents seems to induce diabetes-related immunity. It is very likely that psychological stressful experiences, low physical activity and intense training such as endurance training all play important roles in the immunological process leading to the development of type 1 diabetes.
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| 3. |
- Mörelius, Eva-lotta, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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A randomised trial of continuous skin-to-skin contact after preterm birth and the effects on salivary cortisol, parental stress, depression, and breastfeeding
- 2015
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 91:1, s. 63-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:To evaluate the effects of almost continuous skin-to-skin contact (SSC) on salivary cortisol, parental stress, parental depression, and breastfeeding.STUDY DESIGN:This is a randomised study engaging families of late preterm infants (32-35weeks gestation). Salivary cortisol reactivity was measured in infants during a nappy change at one month corrected age, and in infants and mothers during still-face at four month corrected age. Both parents completed the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) at one month and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at one and four months. Ainsworth's sensitivity scale was used to control for parental sensitivity.SUBJECTS:Thirty-seven families from two different neonatal care units in Sweden, randomised to either almost continuous SSC or standard care (SC).RESULTS:Infants randomised to SSC had a lower salivary cortisol reactivity at one month (p=0.01). There was a correlation between the mothers' and the preterm infants' salivary cortisol levels at four months in the SSC group (ρ=0.65, p=0.005), but not in the SC group (ρ=0.14, p=0.63). Fathers in SSC scored lower on the SPSQ sub-scale spouse relationship problems compared to fathers in SC (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Almost continuous SSC decreases infants' cortisol reactivity in response to handling, improves the concordance between mothers' and infants' salivary cortisol levels, and decreases fathers' experiences of spouse relationship problems.
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| 4. |
- Mörelius, Evalotte, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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OC09 - Early maternal contact has an impact on preterm infants' brain systems that manage stress.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nursing children and young people. - London, Middx, United Kingdom : RCNi. - 2046-2344 .- 2046-2336. ; 28:4, s. 62-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNLABELLED: Theme: Parenting/parenthood.INTRODUCTION: Early maternal contact can protect the infants' brain from harmful effects of stress while deprivation increases the stress level and leads to increased sensitivity to stress.AIM: To evaluate the effects of continuous skin-to-skin contact (SSC) after preterm birth on stress.METHODS: Late preterm infants from two neonatal care units were randomized to either SSC or standard care. Salivary cortisol was measured in response to a nappy change at one month, and again at four months in response to a still-face procedure.RESULTS: Infants randomized to SSC had a significantly lower salivary cortisol reactivity at one month and there was a correlation between the mothers' and the preterm infants' salivary cortisol levels at four months.CONCLUSIONS: The results show that close parental contact and human touch have a buffering effect on the infant's stress reactivity and stimulate a more rapid development of regularity.
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| 5. |
- Nygren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Experience of a serious life event increases the risk for childhood type 1 diabetes: the ABIS population-based prospective cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 58:6, s. 1188-1197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate whether psychological stress during childhood may be a risk factor for manifest type 1 diabetes. Methods The All Babies In Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study invited all families with babies born between 1 October 1997 and 30 September 1999 in southeast Sweden to participate. Our study subsample includes 10,495 participants in at least one of the data collections at 2-3, 5-6, 8 and 10-13 years of age not yet diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at inclusion; 58 children were subsequently diagnosed. Age at diagnosis was obtained from the national register SweDiabKids in 2012. Family psychological stress was measured via questionnaires given to the parents assessing serious life events, parenting stress, parental worries and the parents social support. Results Childhood experience of a serious life event was associated with a higher risk of future diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (HR 3.0 [95% CI 1.6, 5.6], p = 0.001) after adjusting for heredity of type 1 diabetes and age at entry into the study. The result was still valid when controlling for heredity of type 2 diabetes, size for gestational age, the parents education level and whether the mother worked at least 50% of full time before the childs birth (HR 2.8 [95% CI 1.5, 5.4], p = 0.002), and also when childhood BMI was added to the model (HR 5.0 [95% CI 2.3, 10.7], p less than 0.001). Conclusions/interpretation This first prospective study concluded that experience of a serious life event in childhood may be a risk factor for manifest type 1 diabetes.
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| 6. |
- Nygren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Serious life events across childhood and mental health problems in early adolescence : The moderating role of family climate. Results from the ABIS population-based longitudinal study
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study aims to investigate the association between experiences of serious life events assessed by checklists longitudinally across childhood (at age 5-6, age 8, and age 12-14 years) and level of mental health problems in early adolescence (at age 12-14), and the mediating role of family climate factors across childhood. Questionnaire data from the All Babies In Southeast Sweden (ABIS) population based cohort-study were used (n=1132). The association were best modelled with a sequential cumulative approach; that means that the number of time-periods at least one serious life event was experienced were linearly related to the level of mental health problems (SDQ-score) after controlling for age, sex/gender, parental educational level, immigrant status and fuzzy/difficult temperament at age 2-3 (b=0.58 [95% CI 0.28, 0.87], p<0.001). Parenting stress and the parents size and satisfaction of social support were found as moderating factors, where the association between serious life events and mental health problems only were found in the subgroups of families where the parent perceive chronically high levels of parenting stress (high at 3-4 times of 4 possible; n=163, b=1.28 [0.55, 2.01], p=0.001), have a small social network (n=108, p=1.75 [0.86, 2.64], p<0.001), and are dissatisfied with their social support (n=95, p=1.22 [0.36, 2.09], p=0.006). An absence of parenting stress across childhood and adequate social support for the parents are suggested as resilient factors. To avoid negative consequences for child mental health after experiences of stressful life events, parents should get adequate support in child health services.
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| 7. |
- Nygren, Maria, 1981-
(författare)
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Stress in childhood and the risk of type 1 diabetes
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: It is still unknown why children develop type 1 diabetes (T1D), although both genetic predisposition and environmental factors seems to be involved. Stress has been suggested as one environmental factor contributing to the development of T1D since the stress hormones may increase the need for insulin or increase insulin resistance. The family is important for the child’s emotional security, development, and regulation of emotions, hence stress among the parent’s may influence the child’s experiences of stress and coping with stressors.Aim: The aim of the current thesis was to evaluate self--‐assessment measurements of psychological stress in the family and to investigate if psychological stress in the family is involved in the development of childhood T1D.Methods: The All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study is a prospective cohort study following children born in southeast Sweden between 1997 and 1999. All parents of children born in the region, approximately 21600 were asked to participate. In total, questionnaire data has been obtained from n=16142 (response rate approximately 75%) in some of the six data--‐collections and between 15845 (73%) and 4022 (19%) at each data collection. Psychological stress in the family was measured by questionnaires assessing: Serious life events experienced by the child and the parent, parenting stress, parental dissatisfaction, parental worries, the parent’s adult attachment, and the parents’ social support. Identification of cases with T1D was done through the national register SweDiabKids. At Dec the 31st 2012 had in total 104 (0,64%) children been diagnosed with T1D. Diabetes--‐cases included in the study samples was n=42 and n=58.Results: Parenting stress, parental worries, and size of social support were judged as reliable measurements assessing different aspects of psychological stress in the family, as well as they were all associated to children’s mental health in early adolescence. A serious life event experienced in childhood (measured by checklist at age 5--‐6, 8 and 10--‐ 14 years) was associated with an increase in risk for manifest T1D up to 13--‐15 years of age. None of the variables measuring psychological stress among parents were found to associate with risk of T1D.Conclusions: In addition to a checklist assessing serious life events experienced by the child is self--‐assessment measurements of parenting stress, parental worries and the parent’s social support be useful in large--‐scale studies as proxies for psychological stress of the child. The current study is the first unbiased prospective study that can confirm an association between the experience of a serious life event and increased risk of T1D. The result was independent of the child’s BMI and the parents’ educational level. Our results gives us strong reason to believe that psychological stress caused by serious life events can play a part in the immunological process leading to the onset of T1D.
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