| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
|
|
| 2. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Fu, Hao, et al.
(författare)
-
A compact real-time simulator with spatial-temporal parallel design for large-scale wind farms
- 2021
-
Ingår i: CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems. - : Power System Technology Press. - 2096-0042. ; 9:1, s. 50-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time simulation of large-scale wind farms with detailed modelling can provide accurate insights into system transient behaviors, but entails challenges in computing resources. This paper develops a compact real-time simulator based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) for large-scale wind farms, in which the spatial-temporal parallel design method is proposed to address the huge computation resource demand associated with detailed modelling. The wind farm is decoupled into several subsystems based on model consistency, and the electrical system and control system of each subsystem are solved in parallel. Both module-level pipeline technique and superscalar pipeline technique are introduced to the wind farms' simulation to effectively improve the utilization of hardware resources. In Case Studies, real-time simulations of two modified wind farms are carried out on a single FPGA separately, including one with 13 permanent magnet synchronous generators under a time-step of 11 μβ, and the other with 30 squirrel-cage induction generators under a time-step of 8μβ. Simulation tests under different scenarios are implemented to validate the numerical performance of the real-time simulator, and a comparison with the commercial tool PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed design.
|
|
| 8. |
- Fu, Hao, et al.
(författare)
-
Asynchronous multi-rate method of real-time simulation for active distribution networks
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IET Renewable Power Generation. - : INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET. - 1752-1416 .- 1752-1424.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The real-time simulation of active distribution networks (ADNs) can provide an accurate insight into transient behaviours, but faces challenges in simulation efficiency and flexibility brought by larger system scales and wider time-scale ranges. This paper presents an asynchronous multi-rate (AMR) method and design for the real-time simulation of large-scale ADNs. In the proposed method, the entire ADN was decoupled into different subsystems according to accuracy requirements, and optimized time-steps were allocated to each subsystem to realize a fully distributed simulation. This not only alleviated the time-step coordination problem existing in multi-rate real-time simulations, but also enhanced the flexible expansion capabilities of the real-time simulator. To realize the AMR real-time simulation, a multi-rate interfacing method, synchronization mechanism, and data communication strategy are proposed in this paper, and their hardware design is also presented in detail. A modified IEEE 123-node system with photovoltaics and wind turbine generators was simulated on a 3 field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)-based AMR real-time simulator. The real-time results were captured by the oscilloscope and verified with PSCAD/EMTDC, which demonstrated the superiority in simulation flexibility and accuracy compared with the synchronous multi-rate (SMR) method.
|
|
| 9. |
- Kristan, M., et al.
(författare)
-
The Eighth Visual Object Tracking VOT2020 Challenge Results
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Computer Vision. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030682378 ; , s. 547-601
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2020 is the eighth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 58 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The VOT2020 challenge was composed of five sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2020 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2020 challenge focused on “real-time” short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2020 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance, (iv) VOT-RGBT2020 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2020 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. Only the VOT-ST2020 datasets were refreshed. A significant novelty is introduction of a new VOT short-term tracking evaluation methodology, and introduction of segmentation ground truth in the VOT-ST2020 challenge – bounding boxes will no longer be used in the VOT-ST challenges. A new VOT Python toolkit that implements all these novelites was introduced. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net ).
|
|
| 10. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
|
|
| 11. |
-
The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
|
|
| 12. |
- Wang, Shi Zhi, et al.
(författare)
-
Historic dog Furs Unravel the Origin and Artificial Selection of Modern Nordic Lapphund and Elkhound dog Breeds
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 41:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The origins and extreme morphological evolution of the modern dog breeds are poorly studied because the founder populations are extinct. Here, we analyse eight 100 to 200 years old dog fur samples obtained from traditional North Swedish clothing, to explore the origin and artificial selection of the modern Nordic Lapphund and Elkhound dog breeds. Population genomic analysis confirmed the Lapphund and Elkhound breeds to originate from the local dog population, and showed a distinct decrease in genetic diversity in agreement with intense breeding. We identified eleven genes under positive selection during the breed development. In particular, the MSRB3 gene, associated with breed-related ear morphology, was selected in all Lapphund and Elkhound breeds, and functional assays showed that a SNP mutation in the 3′UTR region suppresses its expression through miRNA regulation. Our findings demonstrate analysis of near-modern dog artifacts as an effective tool for interpreting the origin and artificial selection of the modern dog breeds.
|
|
| 13. |
- Xu, Xu, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust Gaze Point Estimation for Metaverse With Common Mode Features Suppression Network
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 70:1, s. 2090-2098
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaze point estimation is an essential technology in extended reality devices, and plays a vital role in the metaverse with consumer health. A challenging issue is the great variation underlying the gaze-related encode information, which makes current methods difficult to generate gaze point with stable quality among different persons. To this end, we propose a robust framework to generate high-accuracy gaze point from appearance. Specifically, eyes and face regions are fused into network to enrich high-level features. Then, we develop a common mode features suppression network (CMFS-Net) to predict the gaze bias between the input image and standard image. It is based on the differential amplifier. In addition, a Point-Mean algorithm is designed to generate the estimated gaze point from candidate points. The performance of the CMFS-Net is evaluated on three gaze estimation datasets, GazePC, GazeCapture, and Rice TabletGaze. Among them, the GazePC is collected by ourselves which composes 41.25K images from 165 participants. Experimental results demonstrate that our model is effective and robust for appearance-based gaze point estimation, and has advantages over peer methods.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Chen, Qinyu, et al.
(författare)
-
An Efficient Accelerator for Multiple Convolutions From the Sparsity Perspective
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (vlsi) Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1063-8210 .- 1557-9999. ; 28:6, s. 1540-1544
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as one of the most popular ways applied in many fields. These networks deliver better performance when going deeper and larger. However, the complicated computation and huge storage impede hardware implementation. To address the problem, quantized networks are proposed. Besides, various convolutional structures are designed to meet the requirements of different applications. For example, compared with the traditional convolutions (CONVs) for image classification, CONVs for image generation are usually composed of traditional CONVs, dilated CONVs, and transposed CONVs, leading to a difficult hardware mapping problem. In this brief, we translate the difficult mapping problem into the sparsity problem and propose an efficient hardware architecture for sparse binary and ternary CNNs by exploiting the sparsity and low bit-width characteristics. To this end, we propose an ineffectual data removing (IDR) mechanism to remove both the regular and irregular sparsity based on dual-channel processing elements (PEs). Besides, a flexible layered load balance (LLB) mechanism is introduced to alleviate the load imbalance. The accelerator is implemented with 65-nm technology with a core size of 2.56 mm(2). It can achieve 3.72-TOPS/W energy efficiency at 50.1 mW, which makes it a promising design for embedded devices.
|
|
| 17. |
- Chen, Song, et al.
(författare)
-
Formation of Amorphous Iron-Calcium Phosphate with High Stability
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 35:33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous iron-calcium phosphate (Fe-ACP) plays a vital role in the mechanical properties of teeth of some rodents, which are very hard, but its formation process and synthetic route remain unknown. Here, the synthesis and characterization of an iron-bearing amorphous calcium phosphate in the presence of ammonium iron citrate (AIC) are reported. The iron is distributed homogeneously on the nanometer scale in the resulting particles. The prepared Fe-ACP particles can be highly stable in aqueous media, including water, simulated body fluid, and acetate buffer solution (pH 4). In vitro study demonstrates that these particles have good biocompatibility and osteogenic properties. Subsequently, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is utilized to consolidate the initial Fe-ACP powders. The results show that the hardness of the ceramics increases with the increase of iron content, but an excess of iron leads to a rapid decline in hardness. Calcium iron phosphate ceramics with a hardness of 4 GPa can be achieved, which is higher than that of human enamel. Furthermore, the ceramics composed of iron-calcium phosphates show enhanced acid resistance. This study provides a novel route to prepare Fe-ACP, and presents the potential role of Fe-ACP in biomineralization and as starting material to fabricate acid-resistant high-performance bioceramics.
|
|
| 18. |
- Ding, Xue Bing, et al.
(författare)
-
Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:3, s. 411-418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies implicate meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is no direct evidence in humans to support this role1–5. In this study, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess meningeal lymphatic flow in cognitively normal controls and patients with idiopathic PD (iPD) or atypical Parkinsonian (AP) disorders. We found that patients with iPD exhibited significantly reduced flow through the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) along the superior sagittal sinus and sigmoid sinus, as well as a notable delay in deep cervical lymph node perfusion, compared to patients with AP. There was no significant difference in the size (cross-sectional area) of mLVs in patients with iPD or AP versus controls. In mice injected with α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils, we showed that the emergence of α-syn pathology was followed by delayed meningeal lymphatic drainage, loss of tight junctions among meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells and increased inflammation of the meninges. Finally, blocking flow through the mLVs in mice treated with α-syn preformed fibrils increased α-syn pathology and exacerbated motor and memory deficits. These results suggest that meningeal lymphatic drainage dysfunction aggravates α-syn pathology and contributes to the progression of PD.
|
|
| 19. |
- Fan, Kaijian, et al.
(författare)
-
The pentatricopeptide repeat protein EMP603 is required for the splicing of mitochondrial Nad1 intron 2 and seed development in maize
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-0957 .- 1460-2431. ; 72:20, s. 6933-6948
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intron splicing is an essential event in post-transcriptional RNA processing in plant mitochondria, which requires the participation of diverse nuclear-encoded splicing factors. However, it is presently unclear how these proteins cooperatively take part in the splicing of specific introns. In this study, we characterized a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein named EMP603. This protein is essential for splicing of intron 2 in the Nad1 gene and interacts with the mitochondria-localized DEAD-box RNA helicase PMH2-5140, the RAD52-like proteins ODB1-0814 and ODB1-5061, and the CRM domain-containing protein Zm-mCSF1. Further study revealed that the N-terminal region of EMP603 interacts with the DEAD-box of PMH2-5140, the CRM domain of Zm-mCSF1, and OBD1-5061, but not with OBD1-0814, whereas the PPR domain of EMP603 can interact with ODB1-0814, ODB1-5061, and PMH2-5140, but not with Zm-mCSF1. Defects in EMP603 severely disrupt the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I, leading to impaired mitochondrial function, and delayed seed development. The interactions revealed between EMP603 and PMH2-5140, ODB1-0814, ODB1-5061, and Zm-mCSF1 indicate a possible involvement of a dynamic 'spliceosome-like' complex in intron splicing, and may accelerate the elucidation of the intron splicing mechanism in plant mitochondria.
|
|
| 20. |
- Fan, Yue, et al.
(författare)
-
Unveiling inflammatory and prehypertrophic cell populations as key contributors to knee cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis using multi-omics data integration
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 83:7, s. 926-944
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis of human knee articular cartilage tissue to present a comprehensive transcriptome landscape and osteoarthritis (OA)-critical cell populations.METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptomic technology have been applied to characterise the cellular heterogeneity of human knee articular cartilage which were collected from 8 OA donors, and 3 non-OA control donors, and a total of 19 samples. The novel chondrocyte population and marker genes of interest were validated by immunohistochemistry staining, quantitative real-time PCR, etc. The OA-critical cell populations were validated through integrative analyses of publicly available bulk RNA sequencing data and large-scale genome-wide association studies.RESULTS: We identified 33 cell population-specific marker genes that define 11 chondrocyte populations, including 9 known populations and 2 new populations, that is, pre-inflammatory chondrocyte population (preInfC) and inflammatory chondrocyte population (InfC). The novel findings that make this an important addition to the literature include: (1) the novel InfC activates the mediator MIF-CD74; (2) the prehypertrophic chondrocyte (preHTC) and hypertrophic chondrocyte (HTC) are potentially OA-critical cell populations; (3) most OA-associated differentially expressed genes reside in the articular surface and superficial zone; (4) the prefibrocartilage chondrocyte (preFC) population is a major contributor to the stratification of patients with OA, resulting in both an inflammatory-related subtype and a non-inflammatory-related subtype.CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight InfC, preHTC, preFC and HTC as potential cell populations to target for therapy. Also, we conclude that profiling of those cell populations in patients might be used to stratify patient populations for defining cohorts for clinical trials and precision medicine.
|
|
| 21. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
-
DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
|
|
| 22. |
- Folkersen, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
-
Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 2:10, s. 1135-1148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health.
|
|
| 23. |
- Fu, Yu, et al.
(författare)
-
A Pilot Study of User Preferences of Posture and Display Technologies in Virtual Reality Exercise Games
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9798400709012 ; , s. 22-27
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the continuous development of extended reality (XR), encompassing augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR), the increasing application of VR, especially combined with game technology in the health area, is trending. Due to this development, academia and industry have rising research and practices focusing on VR exercise game applications and their evaluation. This paper presented a pilot study addressing the comparison of user preferences in using VR exercise games. Eight volunteering participants with VR or rowing experience were involved in the pilot study. Their responses on using different postures (standing or sitting), display devices (VR or a large screen), and game tasks (collect coins vs distance travelled) were explored, as well as feedback suggestions for the study and VR games. The pilot study revealed the opportunities and challenges to enhance the VR exercise games, user experience, and performance. It tested the feasibility and duration of each session and potential improvements that could be made for the main experiment, including the instructions, game environments, process, devices, data gathering, and analysis methods. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).
|
|
| 24. |
- Fu, Yu, et al.
(författare)
-
A Review of Extended Reality Exercise Games for Elderly
- 2021
-
Ingår i: HEALTHINF: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES - VOL 5: HEALTHINF. - : SciTePress. - 9789897585524 ; , s. 201-210
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing of ageing all over the world, elderly health attracts more and more attention. This paper aims to study existing extended reality (XR) game applications for physical exercise through a literature review with 14 papers as an outcome. Based on these papers, we explored the contributions, opportunities, and challenges of exercise XR games for the elderly. The papers were analysed based on several perspectives, including publication information, design and implementation, game information, teamwork and social games, evaluation, and advantages and disadvantages. We found that the elderly were interested in and accepted the use of XR games. The positive effect of such games was common in the research results. Even if there were problems, such as simulator sickness, safety risks. device problems, and cost, there are still opportunities and space for research and development in the future. The overall positive attitudes toward XR exercise games for the elderly could be seen by both researchers, developers, and users. However, these game applications also presented some problems and future improvements are needed. The presented review is beneficial for researchers and developers to create or enhance future XR applications by learning from existing work.
|
|
| 25. |
- Fu, Yu, et al.
(författare)
-
A Survey of Possibilities and Challenges with AR/VR/MR and Gamification Usage in Healthcare
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies - HEALTHINF. - : SciTePress. - 9789897584909 ; , s. 733-740
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software and applications of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR) technology combined with game/gamification techniques in healthcare have increasingly been studied in academia. However, there is a need to explore the usage, challenges and opportunities of AR/VR/MR game/gamification software/applications in the healthcare system. To explore this, we present an online survey conducted in the healthcare-relevant system (including hospital-based system, homecare-based system, institute and university, and industry). Based on the answers, we found examples of digital games and AR/VR/MR applications used in healthcare, as well as some general information (name and feature, purpose, target user, and use occasion), usage situation, and user experience. This presented survey is beneficial for both researchers and developers in computer science and medical science. It can familiarise them with existing products and their current use, advantages and potential issues of AR/VR/MR and game applications in healthcare. In future work, the survey would be extended to obtain other user experiences and feedback of AR/VR/MR techniques and game/gamification technology applied to healthcare, as well as to study how to overcome the challenges, and develop the opportunities further.
|
|
| 26. |
- Fu, Yu, et al.
(författare)
-
A Systematic Literature Review of Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality Game Applications in Healthcare
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare. - : ACM Publications. - 2691-1957 .- 2637-8051. ; 3:2
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality (VR/AR/MR) as information and communication technologies have been recognised and implemented in healthcare in recent years. One of the popular application ways is games, due to the potential benefits of providing an engaging and immersive experience in a virtual environment. This study presents a systematic literature review that evaluates the state-of-the-art on VR/AR/MR game applications in healthcare by collecting and analysing related journal and conference papers published from 2014 through to the first half of 2020. After retrieving more than 3,000 papers from six databases, 88 articles, from both computer science and medicine, were selected and analysed in the review. The articles are classified and summarised based on their (1) publication information, (2) design, implementation, and evaluation, and (3) application. The presented review is beneficial for both researchers and developers interested in exploring current research and future trends in VR/AR/MR in healthcare. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.
|
|
| 27. |
- Fu, Yu, et al.
(författare)
-
A Systematic Literature Review of Extended Reality Exercise Games for the Elderly
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 9783031388538 ; , s. 333-352
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, with the rise of the ageing population worldwide, the health of the elderly has attracted increasing attention. This study explored existing extended reality (XR) game applications aiming at physical exercise for the elderly. Through the review of 1847 papers from the Scopus database, 17 articles were included. Based on these papers, we explored the existing contributions of exercise XR games for the elderly, the development opportunities and challenges of such games, and their special considerations in adapting to the characteristics and requirements of the target user. The results were organized into several perspectives: publication information and keywords, immersive technologies and game concepts, teamwork and social games, evaluation, opportunities and challenges, and adapting designs. We found the elderly interested in and accepted using XR games. The reported research results proved positive effects on such games’ physical and mental health. XR exercise games for the elderly should considerately adapt to the elder’s cognition, behaviour, and demand. Although problems existed, such as simulator sickness, safety risks, device problems, and cost, there were opportunities and space for research and future developments. Researchers and developers could refer to this paper for XR exercise games for the elderly and create or enhance future XR applications by learning from existing work. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
|
|
| 28. |
- Fu, Yu, et al.
(författare)
-
Conceptual Design of an Extended Reality Exercise Game for the Elderly
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 12:13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Facing the increasingly serious ageing problem, IT technology is being applied more and more to alleviate the increasing health demands of the elderly. Virtual reality (VR) games, in particular, have been shown to benefit the physical and mental health of the elderly. However, almost all consumer-level VR games address the general user, not considering the characteristics of the elderly, such as their particular needs regarding cognitive aspects and safety. In addition, the existing VR rowing games’ research typically focuses on athlete training or is based on a rowing machine. Extending on previous research, this paper proposes a conceptual design of a VR rowing game, VRrowing to provide a home exercise game for the elderly which benefits both physical and mental health. This research first analysed the relevant literature and existing VR exercise games for the elderly to find characteristics and their particular needs. Then, following design principles (in exercise games, human–computer interaction, and user interfaces (UIs)) for the elderly, this study proposed a conceptual design of VRrowing through the MDA framework (standing for mechanics, dynamics, and aesthetics). The results cover the system architecture, activities and tasks, patterns and roles, mechanics and structures, and UI examples. Based on comprehensive consideration of the results from relevant research and fostering strengths and circumventing weaknesses, VRrowing was designed as a sports game, aimed at the elderly according to their characteristics and needs, which fills the void of home VR rowing games for seniors’ exercise. This research has reference value for scientific research or development personnel in VR game applications and evaluations, especially for such games targeting the elderly. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
|
|
| 29. |
- Fu, Yifeng, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Graphene related materials for thermal management
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 2D Materials. - : IOP Publishing. - 2053-1583. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Almost 15 years have gone ever since the discovery of graphene as a single atom layer. Numerous papers have been published to demonstrate its high electron mobility, excellent thermal and mechanical as well as optical properties. We have recently seen more and more applications towards using graphene in commercial products. This paper is an attempt to review and summarize the current status of the research of the thermal properties of graphene and other 2D based materials including the manufacturing and characterization techniques and their applications, especially in electronics and power modules. It is obvious from the review that graphene has penetrated the market and gets more and more applications in commercial electronics thermal management context. In the paper, we also made a critical analysis of how mature the manufacturing processes are; what are the accuracies and challenges with the various characterization techniques and what are the remaining questions and issues left before we see further more applications in this exciting and fascinating field.
|
|
| 30. |
- Fu, Z. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Omega-3/Omega-6 Long-Chain Fatty Acid Imbalance in Phase I Retinopathy of Prematurity
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 14:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a gap in understanding the effect of the essential omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on Phase I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which precipitates proliferative ROP. Postnatal hyperglycemia contributes to Phase I ROP by delaying retinal vascularization. In mouse neonates with hyperglycemia-associated Phase I retinopathy, dietary omega-3 (vs. omega-6 LCPUFA) supplementation promoted retinal vessel development. However, omega-6 (vs. omega-3 LCPUFA) was also developmentally essential, promoting neuronal growth and metabolism as suggested by a strong metabolic shift in almost all types of retinal neuronal and glial cells identified with single-cell transcriptomics. Loss of adiponectin (APN) in mice (mimicking the low APN levels in Phase I ROP) decreased LCPUFA levels (including omega-3 and omega-6) in retinas under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. omega-3 (vs. omega-6) LCPUFA activated the APN pathway by increasing the circulating APN levels and inducing expression of the retinal APN receptor. Our findings suggested that both omega-3 and omega-6 LCPUFA are crucial in protecting against retinal neurovascular dysfunction in a Phase I ROP model; adequate omega-6 LCPUFA levels must be maintained in addition to omega-3 supplementation to prevent retinopathy. Activation of the APN pathway may further enhance the omega-3 and omega-6 LCPUFA's protection against ROP.
|
|
| 31. |
- Geng, YN, et al.
(författare)
-
BMP-2 and VEGF-A modRNAs in collagen scaffold synergistically drive bone repair through osteogenic and angiogenic pathways
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 4:1, s. 82-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone has a remarkable potential for self-healing and repair, yet several injury types are non-healing even after surgical or non-surgical treatment. Regenerative therapies that induce bone repair or improve the rate of recovery are being intensely investigated. Here, we probed the potential of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) engineered with chemically modified mRNAs (modRNA) encoding the hBMP-2 and VEGF-A gene to therapeutically heal bone. Induction of osteogenesis from modRNA-treated BMSCs was confirmed by expression profiles of osteogenic related markers and the presence of mineralization deposits. To test for therapeutic efficacy, a collagen scaffold inoculated with modRNA-treated BMSCs was explored in an in vivo skull defect model. We show that hBMP-2 and VEGF-A modRNAs synergistically drive osteogenic and angiogenic programs resulting in superior healing properties. This study exploits chemically modified mRNAs, together with biomaterials, as a potential approach for the clinical treatment of bone injury and defects.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Guo, Sihua, et al.
(författare)
-
Toward ultrahigh thermal conductivity graphene films
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2D Materials. - : IOP Publishing. - 2053-1583. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing demands of high-performance and functionality, electronics devices generate a great amount of heat. Thus, efficient heat dissipation is crucially needed. Owing to its extremely good thermal conductivity, graphene is an interesting candidate for this purpose. In this paper, a two-step temperature-annealing process to fabricate ultrahigh thermal conductive graphene assembled films (GFs) is proposed. The thermal conductivity of the obtained GFs was as high as 3826 +/- 47 W m(-1) K-1. Extending the time of high-temperature annealing significantly improved the thermal performance of the GF. Structural analyses confirmed that the high thermal conductivity is caused by the large grain size, defect-free stacking, and high flatness, which are beneficial for phonon transmission in the carbon lattice. The turbostratic stacking degree decreased with increasing heat treatment time. However, the increase in the grain size after long heat treatment had a more pronounced effect on the phonon transfer of the GF than that of turbostratic stacking. The developed GFs show great potential for efficient thermal management in electronics devices.
|
|
| 34. |
- Huang, Yanping, et al.
(författare)
-
Syntheses and characterization of dithienyl-blocked hexapyrrin and its mononuclear complexes
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines. - : World Scientific. - 1088-4246 .- 1099-1409. ; 27:07N10, s. 1089-1096
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the purpose to develop long chain-conjugated oligopyrrin-like compounds and their metal complexes, and thus achieve tunable near-infrared absorption, a dithienyl-blocked hexapyrrane S-2-P-6 was synthesized by acid-catalyzed [2+4+2] condensation, followed by oxidation with DDQ to afford dithiaoctapyrrin 1, and its mononuclear metal complexes 1-Cu and 1-Zn were synthesized by treating 1 with Cu(II) and Zn(II) acetates. All the compounds were systematically characterized by NMR/EPR, and HRMS. The crystal structures revealed that 1 adopts a double hook-like conformation. Whereas, both complexes 1-Cu and 1-Zn adopt spiral-hook hybrid conformations, showing smaller interplanar angles between the rings within the spiral part, compared with those in the hook-like counterpart of molecule 1, which is favorable for red-shifting the absorption. As expected, the absorption band edges for complexes 1-Cu and 1-Zn are red-shifted to ca. 1560 nm, compared with that of 1260 nm observed for 1.
|
|
| 35. |
- Klaric, Lucija, et al.
(författare)
-
Mendelian randomisation identifies alternative splicing of the FAS death receptor as a mediator of severe COVID-19.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. ; , s. 1-28
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Severe COVID-19 is characterised by immunopathology and epithelial injury. Proteomic studies have identified circulating proteins that are biomarkers of severe COVID-19, but cannot distinguish correlation from causation. To address this, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) to identify proteins that mediate severe COVID-19. Using protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data from the SCALLOP consortium, involving meta-analysis of up to 26,494 individuals, and COVID-19 genome-wide association data from the Host Genetics Initiative, we performed MR for 157 COVID-19 severity protein biomarkers. We identified significant MR results for five proteins: FAS, TNFRSF10A, CCL2, EPHB4 and LGALS9. Further evaluation of these candidates using sensitivity analyses and colocalization testing provided strong evidence to implicate the apoptosis-associated cytokine receptor FAS as a causal mediator of severe COVID-19. This effect was specific to severe disease. Using RNA-seq data from 4,778 individuals, we demonstrate that the pQTL at the FAS locus results from genetically influenced alternate splicing causing skipping of exon 6. We show that the risk allele for very severe COVID-19 increases the proportion of transcripts lacking exon 6, and thereby increases soluble FAS. Soluble FAS acts as a decoy receptor for FAS-ligand, inhibiting apoptosis induced through membrane-bound FAS. In summary, we demonstrate a novel genetic mechanism that contributes to risk of severe of COVID-19, highlighting a pathway that may be a promising therapeutic target.
|
|
| 36. |
- Kruse, Bastian, et al.
(författare)
-
CD4+ T cell-induced inflammatory cell death controls immune-evasive tumours
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 618:7967, s. 1033-1040
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most clinically applied cancer immunotherapies rely on the ability of CD8+ cytolytic T cells to directly recognize and kill tumour cells1,2,3. These strategies are limited by the emergence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-deficient tumour cells and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment4,5,6. The ability of CD4+ effector cells to contribute to antitumour immunity independently of CD8+ T cells is increasingly recognized, but strategies to unleash their full potential remain to be identified7,8,9,10. Here, we describe a mechanism whereby a small number of CD4+ T cells is sufficient to eradicate MHC-deficient tumours that escape direct CD8+ T cell targeting. The CD4+ effector T cells preferentially cluster at tumour invasive margins where they interact with MHC-II+CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. We show that T helper type 1 cell-directed CD4+ T cells and innate immune stimulation reprogramme the tumour-associated myeloid cell network towards interferon-activated antigen-presenting and iNOS-expressing tumouricidal effector phenotypes. Together, CD4+ T cells and tumouricidal myeloid cells orchestrate the induction of remote inflammatory cell death that indirectly eradicates interferon-unresponsive and MHC-deficient tumours. These results warrant the clinical exploitation of this ability of CD4+ T cells and innate immune stimulators in a strategy to complement the direct cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells and advance cancer immunotherapies.
|
|
| 37. |
- Leong, Huey Sze, et al.
(författare)
-
Monitoring metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA via high-resolution mass spectrometry assessed in cultured hepatoma cell line, fungus, liver microsomes and confirmed using urine samples
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Forensic Toxicology. - : SPRINGER. - 1860-8965 .- 1860-8973. ; 39:1, s. 198-212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose A tert-leucinate derivative synthetic cannabinoid, methyl (2S)-2-([1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (4F-MDMB-BINACA, 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA or 4F-ADB) is known to adversely impact health. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of three different modes of monitoring metabolism: HepG2 liver cells, fungus Cunninghamella elegans (C. elegans) and pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) for comparison with human in-vivo metabolism in identifying suitable urinary marker(s) for 4F-MDMB-BINACA intake. Methods Tentative structure elucidation of in-vitro metabolites was performed on HepG2, C. elegans and HLM using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. In-vivo metabolites obtained from twenty authentic human urine samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Results Incubation with HepG2, C. elegans and HLM yielded nine, twenty-three and seventeen metabolites of 4F-MDMB-BINACA, respectively, formed via ester hydrolysis, hydroxylation, carboxylation, dehydrogenation, oxidative defluorination, carbonylation or reaction combinations. Phase II metabolites of glucosidation and sulfation were also exclusively identified using C. elegans model. Eight in-vivo metabolites tentatively identified were mainly products of ester hydrolysis with or without additional dehydrogenation, N-dealkylation, monohydroxylation and oxidative defluorination with further oxidation to butanoic acid. Metabolites with intact terminal methyl ester moiety, i.e., oxidative defluorination with further oxidation to butanoic acid, were also tentatively identified. Conclusions The in-vitro models presented proved useful in the exhaustive metabolism studies. Despite limitations, HepG2 identified the major 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite, and C. elegans demonstrated the capacity to produce a wide variety of metabolites. Both C. elegans and HLM produced all the in-vivo metabolites. Ester hydrolysis and ester hydrolysis plus dehydrogenation 4F-MDMB-BINACA metabolites were recommended as urinary markers for 4F-MDMB-BINACA intake.
|
|
| 38. |
- Li, Xing-Yu, et al.
(författare)
-
ULF Wave-Induced Ion Pitch Angle Evolution in the Dayside Outer Magnetosphere
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 49:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drift-bounce resonance between ultralow frequency (ULF) waves and ions is essential for ion energization in the magnetosphere. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of drift-bounce resonance in the dayside outer magnetosphere, where off-equatorial magnetic field minima would strongly distort ions' bounce and drift motion. A generalized theory is proposed, in which the effects of off-equatorial minima, time-evolving fields and ion bounce motion are taken into account. In consequence of these effects, ion pitch angle distributions undergo dramatic changes. In the presence of off-equatorial minima, the time-of-flight effect of ion bounce motion forms latitude-dependent dispersions besides "paw-track shaped" structures, while evolving wave fields cause time-dependent phase shifts in "paw-tracks." All the predicted signatures have been confirmed by 5 years of Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft data and numerical simulations. These results allow us to better understand the interactions between ULF waves and thermal ion species in global magnetospheric dynamics.
|
|
| 39. |
- Lin, Feng, et al.
(författare)
-
Functional studies of HLA and its role in SARS-CoV-2: Stimulating T cell response and vaccine development
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Life Sciences. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0024-3205 .- 1879-0631. ; 315
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the biological immune process, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays an indispensable role in the expression of HLA molecules in the human body when viral infection activates the T-cell response to remove the virus. Since the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in 2019, how to address and prevent SARS-CoV-2 has become a common problem facing all mankind. The T-cell immune response activated by MHC peptides is a way to construct a defense line and reduce the transmission and harm of the virus. Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen is associated with different types of HLA phenotypes, and different HLA phenotypes induce different immune responses. The prediction of SARS-CoV-2 mutation information and the design of vaccines based on HLAs can effectively activate autoimmunity and cope with virus mutations, which can provide some references for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
|
|
| 40. |
- Lou, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
-
Distance effects on visual search and visually guided freehand interaction on large displays
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different from mouse-based and touch-based interactions at a static distance, motion-sensing interaction on a large display is typically performed at varying distances ranging from an arm's length to several metres. To investigate the effect of distance on visual search and freehand interaction performance, an empirical experiment was conducted; 30 participants were recruited to complete a series of target search and freehand selection tasks on large displays, which were 1.6 and 2.4 m wide, respectively. The results indicated that (1) the user-preferred viewing distance was positively related to the physical size of the display: a larger display size corresponded to a larger viewing distance. (2) The viewing distance had a two-sided effect on the visual search time efficiency. At a close range, increasing distance improved the search time efficiency; but at a farther range, the efficiency decreased. (3) An optimal field of view at which visual search was most efficient was found; (4) however, increasing the distance lowered freehand interaction efficiency and accuracy. Changing the distance also caused variations in the performance on divided large display areas: (5) the visual search efficiency on the upper area was higher than that on the lower area, increasing the distance reduced the difference; (6) freehand interaction efficiency and accuracy on the lower area outperformed that on the upper area, increasing the distance also reduced the difference. Implications were discussed for building more efficient and user-friendly large display-based user interfaces.
|
|
| 41. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
-
Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
|
|
| 42. |
- Nie, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
-
Gapless genome assembly of azalea and multi-omics investigation into divergence between two species with distinct flower color
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 2662-6810 .- 2052-7276. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Rhododendron (Ericaceae), with more than 1000 species highly diverse in flower color, is providing distinct ornamental values and a model system for flower color studies. Here, we investigated the divergence between two parental species with different flower color widely used for azalea breeding. Gapless genome assembly was generated for the yellow-flowered azalea, Rhododendron molle. Comparative genomics found recent proliferation of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), especially Gypsy, has resulted in a 125 Mb (19%) genome size increase in species-specific regions, and a significant amount of dispersed gene duplicates (13 402) and pseudogenes (17 437). Metabolomic assessment revealed that yellow flower coloration is attributed to the dynamic changes of carotenoids/flavonols biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation. Time-ordered gene co-expression networks (TO-GCNs) and the comparison confirmed the metabolome and uncovered the specific gene regulatory changes underpinning the distinct flower pigmentation. B3 and ERF TFs were found dominating the gene regulation of carotenoids/flavonols characterized pigmentation in R. molle, while WRKY, ERF, WD40, C2H2, and NAC TFs collectively regulated the anthocyanins characterized pigmentation in the red-flowered R simsii. This study employed a multi-omics strategy in disentangling the complex divergence between two important azaleas and provided references for further functional genetics and molecular breeding.
|
|
| 43. |
- Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, et al.
(författare)
-
The numbers of fungi: contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 114:1, s. 327-386
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global diversity of fungi has been estimated using several different approaches. There is somewhere between 2–11 million estimated species, but the number of formally described taxa is around 150,000, a tiny fraction of the total. In this paper, we examine 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal species descriptions, and introduce new species in each genus. To highlight the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in publishing new species, we introduce novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species discovery. We discuss whether the species are likely to be rare or due to a lack of extensive sampling and classification. The genera are Apiospora, Bambusicola, Beltrania, Capronia, Distoseptispora, Endocalyx, Neocatenulostroma, Neodeightonia, Paraconiothyrium, Peroneutypa, Phaeoacremonium and Vanakripa. We discuss host-specificity in selected genera and compare the number of species epithets in each genus with the number of ITS (barcode) sequences deposited in GenBank and UNITE. We furthermore discuss the relationship between the divergence times of these genera with those of their hosts. We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss hosts and habitats that should be investigated for novel species discovery.
|
|
| 44. |
- Ren, Zhenjing, et al.
(författare)
-
Tetratricopeptide-containing SMALL KERNEL 11 is essential for the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase in maize mitochondria
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 192:1, s. 170-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assembly of the functional complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain requires sophisticated and efficient regulatory mechanisms. In plants, the subunit composition and assembly factors involved in the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) are substantially less defined than in mammals and yeast. In this study, we cloned maize (Zea mays) Small kernel 11 (Smk11) via map-based cloning. Smk11 encodes a mitochondria-localized tetratricopeptide repeat protein. Disruption of Smk11 severely affected the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex IV, leading to delayed plant growth and seed development. Protein interactions studies revealed that SMK11 might interact with four putative complex IV assembly factors, Inner membrane peptidase 1A (ZmIMP1A), MYB domain protein 3R3 (ZmMYB3R-3), cytochrome c oxidase 23 (ZmCOX23), and mitochondrial ferredoxin 1 (ZmMFDX1), among which ZmMFDX1 might interact with subunits ZmCOX6a and ZmCOX-X1; ZmMYB3R-3 might also interact with ZmCOX6a. The mutation of SMK11 perturbed the normal assembly of these subunits, leading to the inactivation of complex IV. The results of this study revealed that SMK11 serves as an accessory assembly factor required for the normal assembly of subunits into complex IV, which will accelerate the elucidation of the assembly of complex IV in plant mitochondria.
|
|
| 45. |
- Senanayake, Indunil C., et al.
(författare)
-
Fungal diversity notes 1611–1716: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on fungal genera and species emphasis in south China
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 122, s. 161-403
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 115 taxa from three phyla, nine classes, 28 orders, 48 families, and 64 genera are treated. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family, five new genera, 61 new species, five new combinations, one synonym, one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions. Ageratinicolaceae fam. nov. is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales. The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola, Kevinia, Pseudomultiseptospora (Parabambusicolaceae), Marasmiellomycena, and Vizzinia (Porotheleaceae). Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus, Ageratinicola kunmingensis, Allocryptovalsa aceris, Allophoma yuccae, Apiospora cannae, A. elliptica, A. pallidesporae, Boeremia wisteriae, Calycina papaeana, Clypeococcum lichenostigmoides, Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii, Cryphonectria kunmingensis, Diaporthe angustiapiculata, D. campylandrae, D. longipapillata, Diatrypella guangdongense, Dothiorella franceschinii, Endocalyx phoenicis, Epicoccum terminosporum, Fulvifomes karaiensis, F. pannaensis, Ganoderma ghatensis, Hysterobrevium baoshanense, Inocybe avellaneorosea, I. lucida, Jahnula oblonga, Kevinia lignicola, Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis, Laboulbenia caprina, L. clavulata, L. cobiae, L. cosmodisci, L. nilotica, L. omalii, L. robusta, L. similis, L. stigmatophora, Laccaria rubriporus, Lasiodiplodia morindae, Lyophyllum agnijum, Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis, Melomastia beihaiensis, Nemania guangdongensis, Nigrograna thailandica, Nigrospora ficuum, Oxydothis chinensis, O. yunnanensis, Petriella thailandica, Phaeoacremonium chinensis, Phialocephala chinensis, Phytophthora debattistii, Polyplosphaeria nigrospora, Pronectria loweniae, Seriascoma acutispora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Stictis anomianthi, Tarzetta tibetensis, Tarzetta urceolata, Tetraploa obpyriformis, Trichoglossum beninense, and Tricoderma pyrrosiae. We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var. brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.
|
|
| 46. |
- Shang, Yuchen, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhancement of short/medium-range order and thermal conductivity in ultrahard sp3 amorphous carbon by C70 precursor
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an advanced amorphous material, sp3 amorphous carbon exhibits exceptional mechanical, thermal and optical properties, but it cannot be synthesized by using traditional processes such as fast cooling liquid carbon and an efficient strategy to tune its structure and properties is thus lacking. Here we show that the structures and physical properties of sp3 amorphous carbon can be modified by changing the concentration of carbon pentagons and hexagons in the fullerene precursor from the topological transition point of view. A highly transparent, nearly pure sp3−hybridized bulk amorphous carbon, which inherits more hexagonal-diamond structural feature, was synthesized from C70 at high pressure and high temperature. This amorphous carbon shows more hexagonal-diamond-like clusters, stronger short/medium-range structural order, and significantly enhanced thermal conductivity (36.3 ± 2.2 W m−1 K−1) and higher hardness (109.8 ± 5.6 GPa) compared to that synthesized from C60. Our work thus provides a valid strategy to modify the microstructure of amorphous solids for desirable properties.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Shi, Yu-Sheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Limonoids from Citrus : Chemistry, anti-tumor potential, and other bioactivities
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Functional Foods. - : ELSEVIER. - 1756-4646 .- 2214-9414. ; 75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citrus limonoids are tetranortriterpenoids compounds mainly found in oranges, lemons, grapefruits, and other fruits of Citrus. They are proved to be the leading cause of bitterness in Citrus fruits and are mainly consumed for therapeutic purposes and as food. Numerous studies have focused on Citrus limonoids and intend to develop new chemotherapeutic or complementary medicine in recent years. Citrus limonoids showed various bioactivities such as anti-tumor, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-neurological diseases, immunomodulatory, anti -insect, anti-bacteria, antiviral activities, etc. This review summarized limonoids from Citrus to date, along with their chemical structures and biological activities with a particular focus on their anti-tumor potential.
|
|
| 49. |
- Song, Yanling, et al.
(författare)
-
Growth of winter wheat adapting to climate warming may face more low-temperature damage
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 43:4, s. 1970-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China's surface air temperature is increasing due to global warming, so it is interesting that how low temperatures would be changed during the growth period of winter wheat in future. We focused on the low temperatures of winter wheat from 2021 to 2050, using temperatures under the high emission scenario Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) projected by the RegCM4.4 regional climate model. The results showed that the annual mean temperature was projected to increase by 0.42°C⋅decade−1 in the northern and by 0.35°C⋅decade−1 in the southern winter wheat region. Furthermore, the temperature was expected to increase rapidly in spring, which could advance the dates of flowering and the start of the grain-filling period. Using the genetic parameters determined by the calibration and validation of WOFOST and bias-corrected projected meteorological data, simulations of winter wheat growth were performed over the winter wheat region for 2021–2050. The simulated number of days to the flowering period of winter wheat for 2041–2050 was on average 6.5 days less than in 2021–2030, due to the spring warming. Because of the earlier start of the growing season, winter wheat could face negative effects by being subjected to low temperatures. Indeed, the number of low-temperature days was projected to increase by 110% from 2041 to 2050 compared to 2021–2030, and the number of killing degree days (KDDs) is projected to increase by 120% at the same time. If the number of days to flowering did not change, the number of low-temperature days and KDDs only changed slightly, showing that the negative influence of low temperature was mainly caused by the advancement of the flowering date. The effect of low temperature on growth was underestimated when the response of winter wheat growth to global warming was not considered.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
