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1.
  • Mishra, Umakant, et al. (författare)
  • Spatial heterogeneity and environmental predictors of permafrost region soil organic carbon stocks
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 7:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) have accumulated in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region, but their current amounts and future fate remain uncertain. By analyzing dataset combining >2700 soil profiles with environmental variables in a geospatial framework, we generated spatially explicit estimates of permafrost-region SOC stocks, quantified spatial heterogeneity, and identified key environmental predictors. We estimated that Pg C are stored in the top 3 m of permafrost region soils. The greatest uncertainties occurred in circumpolar toe-slope positions and in flat areas of the Tibetan region. We found that soil wetness index and elevation are the dominant topographic controllers and surface air temperature (circumpolar region) and precipitation (Tibetan region) are significant climatic controllers of SOC stocks. Our results provide first high-resolution geospatial assessment of permafrost region SOC stocks and their relationships with environmental factors, which are crucial for modeling the response of permafrost affected soils to changing climate.
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2.
  • Chekalina, Tatiana, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Customer-based Destination Brand Equity Model
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. ; , s. 742-744
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The customer-based destination brand equity model (CBDBE) captures knowledge about the complex relationships between tourists and tourism destination brands (e.g., Buhalis and Park, 2021; Chekalina, Fuchs and Lexhagen, 2018; Tran, Nguyen and Tran, 2021). Theoretically, the CBDBE model is derived from cognitive psychology and depicts tourists’ complex responses to a tourism destination’s name. The model aims to understand the multi-dimensional brand-related memory structures that tourists hold about a destination. As a managerial tool, the CBDBE model allows us to measure a destination brand’s strength and thus evaluate a destination’s marketing success. Destination managers use the CBDBE model to identify areas that allow them to upgrade destination marketing strategies, promotional campaigns and destination product development (Tran et al., 2019).
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3.
  • Chekalina, Tatiana, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Facilitating smartly packaged nature-based tourism products through mobile CRM applications
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781789904024 ; , s. 222-236
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the nature-based tourism (NBT) context, mobile applications may contribute to major aspects of the travel process, from anticipation and planning to documentation and sharing of the outdoor experience. For destinations and service providers, mobile technologies serve the purpose of building, maintaining and improving customer relationships between destination suppliers, their customers as well as between customer-peers. Therefore, mobile customer-relationship management (CRM) applications can facilitate and improve the daily operational work in the small-scale NBT domain by optimally combining the key components of the NBT tourism system, i.e. recreation activities, lodging, food, infrastructures, transportation and other services and features of the servicescape, intelligently offered as ‘smart package’. After a brief state of the art review, the chapter presents findings from an explorative assessment of existing mobile apps designed for outdoor experience facilitation. The chapter provides theoretical and applied insights into the capacity of mobile technology for smart packaging of NBT products.
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4.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970- (författare)
  • A post-Cartesian economic and Buddhist view on tourism
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Annals of Tourism Research. - : Elsevier. - 0160-7383 .- 1873-7722. ; 103
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Insuperable socio-economic and ecological crises demonstrate the need to challenge economic growth ideology that is often embedded in contemporary tourism science. By borrowing from Buddhist philosophy this essay describes inconsistencies in economic theorizing due to its adoption of the Cartesian ontology implying a mechanistic thinking form. Following philosopher Brodbeck (2014), economic science is neither an empirically exact science nor value-free but represents an implicit ethics. To build on this, the elements of a post-mechanistic economic theory are sketched (Brodbeck, 2001). The applicability of this concept is corroborated by instances of current tourism research. After reinterpreting the homo economicus and the nature of money an agenda for a transformative tourism science building upon post-Cartesian economic thinking and Buddhist philosophy is elaborated.
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5.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970- (författare)
  • A Sustainable World needs Transformative Science : Ontological Reflections on Contemporary Economic Science
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Accelerating the progress towards the 2030 SDGs in times of crisis. - Östersund : Mittuniversitetet. - 9789189341173 ; , s. 4-5
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Modern sciences promise to deliver the means to achieve the medical and technological progress needed to overcome the crisis provoked by COVID-19, thereby resuming previously charted economic growth trajectories. However, especially in times of crises, sciences are showing their paradoxes by pointing to the fact that not only their fundamental notions and theories, but also objectified facts are rooted in the social sphere (Gretzel et al 2020, 191-192). After pointing at ontological inconsistencies of modern sciences, like the Fact-Value Antinomy (Putnam 2004), this presentation recalls that all sign-systems and languages, like mathematics, theories but also empirical facts, are aspects of the same societal world, wherefore they should not be confused as isolated entities of an illusory world of ‘scientific thinking’ (Brodbeck 2019). Following Kuhn (1962) who reminded us that scientific revolutions are driven by the social, psychological and ethical nature of sciences, it is argued that a crisis like COVID-19 shows the potential to challenge current paradigms, especially the way we think about values and facts in relation to the economic foundations of our society. Therefore, major ontological discrepancies of contemporary economic science are critically reflected. Following the science paradigm, economists relate measured and objectivized ‘things’ to the empty abstract measuring-unit money, so as they receive their price. However, this ‘calculative form of thinking’ has led to a new type of pecuniary socialization: Not only production processes, but also social acts of exchange, technological processes, and even skills and the arts, stop being social processes initiated by humans, rather become abstract elements in economic equations (Brodbeck 2019). As a consequence, the uniqueness and diversity of social acts of exchange is transformed into ‘identical’ monetary values, i.e. objectified things of nature become comparable but empty units (Brodbeck 2019, 16). However, the reference to such a misleading ontology led to the paradox that economics cannot be considered an empirically exact science exactly because humans do not behave like mechanical objects of classical physics. The presentation concludes by showing, that contemporary economic science, although represented through a system of factual statements (‘hard facts’) should be uncovered as ‘implicit ethics’ guided by the ontological assumptions of modern sciences (Brodbeck 2019; Gretzel et al 2020). As a precondition to transform economic thinking towards a critical science capable to cope with the needs of a truly sustainable world, a post-mechanist economic theory (Brodbeck 2019) which defines ‘The Economy’ as a socio-communicative network in line with SDGs is deduced in the outlook.  Brodbeck, K.-H. (2019) Die Illusion der Identität und die Krise der Wissenschaften, Working Paper, 47, 03, Cusanus Hochschule.Gretzel, U., Fuchs, M., Baggio, R., Hoepken, W., Law, R., Neidhardt, J., Pesonen, J., Zanker, M., & Xiang, Z. (2020).  e-Tourism Beyond COVID-19: A Call for Transformative Research. Information Technology & Tourism, 22, 187-203.Kuhn, Th. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1962.Putnam, H. (2004). The collapse of the fact-value dichotomy. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
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7.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Clustering : Hierarchical, k-Means, DBSCAN
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Applied Data Science in Tourism. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030883881 - 9783030883898 ; , s. 129-149
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This chapter will discuss the unsupervised machine learning technique known as clustering and its main approaches and use cases. After presenting typical application areas for the tourism industry, the mathematical principle of clustering will be explained. Various techniques for representing differences between cases or clusters will be introduced, and major methods used to form clusters based on these differences will be presented (i.e., single linkage, complete linkage, average linkage, and centroid). Subsequently, the three most widely applied clustering approaches will be described. First, major concepts of hierarchical clustering, like divisive and agglomerative techniques, will be highlighted. Second, the partitioning technique k-means will be introduced, and, third, DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) will be discussed. By using real tourism data and the data science platform RapidMiner, the practical demonstration will then explain step-by-step how clustering approaches can be executed. After employing typical processes for data transformation and normalization, RapidMiner processes for k-means, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN will be shown, and the clustering results will be discussed. Lastly, a tourism case applying k-means and DBSCAN to identify points of interest based on uploaded photo data extracted from the platform Flickr will conclude the chapter.
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8.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Creativity and innovation in nature-based tourism : A critical reflection and empirical assessment
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78990 402 4 ; , s. 175-193
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Following the philosopher and critical economist K-H. Brodbeck, in this chapter it is shown that modern economic science is incapable of properly capturing the nature of creativity. Thus, we critically reflect on notions of creativity as used in contemporary economic science and in its classical as well as ancient predecessors of economic thinking. After pointing at destructive consequences of innovations rooted in malevolent creativity, the Creativity Consequences Analytical Framework (Kampylis and Valtanen 2010) is introduced. On this base, the chapter aims at critically assessing motivations and intentions behind and expected consequences of entrepreneurial creativity in the Norwegian NBT sector. Policy implications and an agenda for future research are sketched in the conclusions.
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9.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • E-Tourism Curriculum
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Handbook of e-Tourism. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030053246 ; , s. 1743-1768
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The goal of this chapter is two-fold: Recent research work in the domain of e-Tourism curriculum design, development and adjustment is explored and critically discussed. More importantly, necessary elements constituting the ‘state of the art’ e-Tourism curriculum are presented. The book chapter is structured as follows: First, the often overlooked positions in the philosophy of education are outlined. After a short discussion of major tourism educational frameworks (Tribe 2002; 2015) and tourism curriculum models (Dredge et al. 2012), the Tourism Curriculum Framework proposed by Oktadiana and Chon (2016) is introduced. This framework serves in discussing prior research work on e-Tourism curriculum design and major e-Tourism curriculum initiatives. After emphasizing commonalities and omissions of analyzed studies, major elements constituting the IFITT (International Federation for IT and Travel & Tourism) e-Tourism curriculum are outlined. Finally, after illustrating research gaps, the conclusion section proposes an agenda for future research in the domain of e-Tourism curriculum design.
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10.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • eBusiness Readiness
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800377479 ; , s. 3-7
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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11.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970- (författare)
  • From Ontological Inconsistencies towards a Post-Mechanist Economic Science : The Innovative Region shaped by Micro-Entrepreneurs in Nature-based Tourism
  • 2021
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A crisis like COVID-19 shows the capacity to challenge the current growth-paradigm. Thus, instead of proposing new tools and methods to resume previously charted economic growth-trajectories, the first part of this presentation reveals ontological discrepancies of contemporary economic science. By following the ontology of modern science rooted in classical physics, mainstream economists presume that ‘objective things’ can be assigned the abstract measuring unit money so as they receive their price. However, through this erroneous (ontological) transformation of (ontic) social acts, not only production processes, but also social acts of exchange, technological processes, and even skills and the arts, stop being social processes, rather become abstract elements in economic equations. Consequently, the uniqueness and diversity of social acts of exchange is transformed into comparable but empty units. By referring to this untenable ontology, one can easily show that economics, despite its ambitious claim, cannot be considered an empirically exact science, exactly because humans do not behave like mechanical objects of classical physics. After finally showing that contemporary economic science is incapable to grasp the nature of creativity, the second part outlines the elements of a post-mechanist economic science which assigns humans’ creativity a central role and defines ‘The Economy’ as a socio-communicative network. Very close to this view comes Feldman’s (2014) Innovative Region understood as inter-connected, open and free territory, which through its unique history and specific beauty fosters place-makers’ creativity and social interactions to transform location factors into assets with high symbolic value and meaning. The correctness and relevancy of this promising concept is confirmed in the third part, showing findings from a large-scale survey (N=580+) with Norwegian micro-entrepreneurs in nature-based tourism. Findings show that entrepreneurs heavily engage in local communities, support volunteer work, create places for creative thinking and contribute to the formation of place identity. By strictly respecting socio-cultural local and regional peculiarities, they add to the creation of public goods, like place brands and ethically grounded social norms. The latter reflect essential values, like fairness seeking and others-regarding with the capacity to crowd-out selfish behavior. From this analysis, propositions for alternative economic spaces to be institutionalized in a post-pandemic era are deduced. 
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12.
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13.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970- (författare)
  • Overcoming Mechanist Economic Science Ideology : From Cartesian Science Ontology towards a Transformative and Compassionate Tourism Science
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: With in Dangerous Times.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A crisis like COVID-19 shows the capacity to challenge the current growth paradigm inherited by the mainstream tourism science tradition and criticized by several scholars (Hall, 2010; Andriotis, 2018; Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020; Gretzel et al., 2020; Everingham & Chassagne, 2020; Fuchs & Sigala, 2021; Tomassini & Baggio, 2021). Following Brodbeck (2012), the aim of this contribution is to challenge economic science’s most important weapon, that is economists’ belief that their fundamental ontological assumptions are based on reasonable and consistent arguments. Having adopted the Cartesian ontology of modern science rooted in classical physics (Putnam & Walsh, 2014), economists presume that ‘objective things’ can be assigned the empty measurement unit of ‘money’ in the form of a ‘price’ (Brodbeck, 2019a). However, because of this flawed ontological transformation of social acts into a mathematical form, production processes as well as social acts of exchange, technological processes and even the arts and human skills, such as caring and hospitality, stop being social processes, becoming instead abstract elements in ‘economic equations’ (Brodbeck, 2011). Consequently, the uniqueness and diversity of social acts of exchange are transformed into a comparable but empty unit: money (Brodbeck, 2019a, 16). By referring to this untenable ontology failing to describe the consequences of pecuniary socialization (Brodbeck, 2019b), one can easily show that economic science is neither valuefree nor an empirically exact science because humans do not behave like mechanical objects of classical physics. Rather, economic science represents an implicit ethics (Brodbeck, 2014). In the second part, the contribution outlines the elements of a post-mechanist economic theory which assigns humans’ creativity a central role and defines ‘The Economy’ as a sociocommunicative network for meaning creation (Brodbeck, 2001). Feldman’s (2014) ‘innovative region’ follows this concept and is described as inter-connected, open and free territory which—through its unique history and specific beauty—fosters place makers’ creativity and interactions to transform location features into assets with high symbolic meaning. The applicability of this concept is corroborated by findings from a nationwide survey of Norwegian micro-entrepreneurs in nature-based tourism (Fuchs et al., 2021). The presentation concludes with propositions for a transformative and compassionate tourism science which reclaims the voice of those who are methodologically excluded as ‘things’ and treated as ‘incentive-objects’ (Gretzel et al., 2020). For this aim, Eastern metaphysics is stressed, where compassion is not a superficial moral rule or imperative but is based on the mindful insight into the universal principle of interdependence (i.e., dependent origination) and the emptiness of all phenomena which have no substance, i.e., no nature of self, or ego (Loy, 2014; Siderits, 2021). Notably, in Buddhist critical philosophy, compassion is considered the highest form of knowledge; thus, ethics cannot be separated from epistemology (Daniels, 2007; Brodbeck, 2011; Brown & Zsolnai, 2018). Transformative tourism scientists are expected to empower humans in tourism-related contexts to use their       awareness for their own cognizance (i.e., gnosis) and mental self-shaping to realize that there is neither a metaphysical (i.e., neo-Darwinian) nor a biological (i.e., ‘the selfish gene’) reason condemning humans to a particular destiny (Brodbeck, 2012; Fuchs & Sigala, 2021, 28). 
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14.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970- (författare)
  • Overcoming the Neoliberal Creativity Discourse through Post-Cartesian Science Ontology and Buddhist Philosophy : A European Network Analytical Study in Tourism
  • 2023
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Unbridgeable socio-economic and ecological global crises demonstrate the need to challenge the current neoliberal development discourse which links creativity to the primacy of global markets as a factor in place-competition. Despite its lack of validity and empirical support (i.e., Negative Trickle Down, Easterlin Paradox), this economic doctrine dominates contemporary human geography and tourism science. Hence, after briefly reviewing the changing notion of creativity throughout history of thinking, this presentation, first, highlights mainstream economics’ incapability to grasp the nature of creativity. It is shown that creativity possesses the capacity to transform any given economic decision-space characterized by economic theory as mechanistically pre-determined and closed into an undetermined and open cognitive space. Second, as an alternative to Cartesian science ontology inherent to mainstream economic science, Buddhist philosophy is introduced to overcome destructive economic thinking and to deduce the elements of a post-mechanist economic theory. Third, by elaborating on the idea that creativity represents the core economic activity within the boundaries of socio-communicative relationships, empirical network analysis is employed to assess network topologies of European tourism destinations. By applying the network metric Simmelian brokerage, it is shown how network-closure and structural-holes can favor the birth and diffusion of creative mindsets. Findings reveal that European tourism destinations show serious creativity gaps. Finally, the often-overlooked link between creativity and ethics is reflected by considering the intentions of the creator(s) and the consequences of the creative outcome for both the individual creator(s) as well as society at large.
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16.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Strategic Use of Information Technologies in Tourism : A Review and Critique
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Handbook of e-Tourism. - Switzerland : Springer Nature. - 9783030053246 ; , s. 1109-1145
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on firms’strategic development and value creation has been a topic of academic debatefor decades. Tourism is no exception. This chapter provides a synthesis ofthe literature on the strategic decision to adopt and use ICTs as well as ananalysis of their impact on the value creation of tourism firms. We reflecton theoretical frameworks and analytical concepts developed and validated bytourism scholars, their implications for ICT use, and the factors affecting therealization of ICT-enhanced business value. Problems of measurement, analysis,and organizational adjustments appear as major factors behind volatile ICTproductivity in tourism, known as the ICT Productivity Paradox. To ensure the realization of ICT-enhanced business value, various adjustment strategies,including the development of firms’ capabilities, cultures, and organizationalstructures, are addressed. The discussion section critically assesses the reviewedliterature on the strategic use of ICTs in tourism. Finally, the conclusion deducesresearch needs and sketches an agenda for future research.
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17.
  • Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Using Google Maps Data for Tourism Real-Time Monitoring and Analytics : The case of Cultural Tourism, Sweden
  • 2021
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although globally Google Maps ranges among the most popular web-portals for travel information search, tourism studies using Google Maps data are scant. We are reporting about ongoing research conducted in Sweden aiming both, at reliably monitoring the fragmented cultural tourism offer as well as analyzing travelers’ complex cultural tourism experience by using Google Maps data. More precisely, the supply-side monitoring estimates and visualizes Google places labelled by suppliers as ‘cultural’, thereby revealing regional patterns and the geographical distribution of the cultural tourism offer all over Sweden. By contrast, in order to reveal travelers’ experience outcomes, demand-side analytics focus on user generated content [UGC] analysis by applying sentiment analysis and topic detection, respectively. Before discussing the findings, we briefly outline the used methods for data extraction: First, a grid-field for Sweden created with the geographical information system ArcGIS served as input for the Google Maps places API to retrieve 115,316 Google places. Subsequently, a sub-total of 13,915 place types relevant for cultural tourism was identified through manual annotation. Finally, place types were mapped to cultural tourism place categories as proposed by the literature, such as heritage, arts, religious, and natural heritage tourism, respectively. With regard to UGC analytics, the web-crawler Scrapy was employed to extract 353,960 tuples with review-text related to cultural tourism places. While for sentiment analysis a lexicon-based approach using Liu’s (2020) famous wordlists for positive and negative tonality was employed, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDC) was applied to deduce topic-clusters that best represent cultural tourism categories. As a final step, retrieved topic-clusters were mapped to place types enriched by UGC-based sentiment. By using the visualization software Tableau, findings show the share and geographical distribution of cultural tourism place categories for Sweden (national view) as well as for cultural tourism place types for each Swedish region (regional view). Moreover, most popular as well as top-rated topic-clusters along with most frequent opinion words can be displayed for each cultural tourism place type. Most notably, sentiment distribution (i.e. positive, negative, and neutral) can be shown for place categories for each region and over time. We conclude that most relevant analysis perspectives for real-time tourism monitoring and analytics are adequately supported by the inexpensive Google Maps data. As limitation, we point at potential representativeness issues, as 56% of data sets do not comprise any review. For future research, we envisage to also include adjectives from UGC data for better grasping travelers’ complex cultural tourism experience. Finally, we propose the analysis of traveler’s spatial behavior and movement patterns by employing association rule analysis and sequential pattern mining, respectively.
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18.
  • Gelter, Jennie, et al. (författare)
  • A Meta-Narrative Analysis of Smart Tourism Destinations : Implications for Tourism Destination Management
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Current Issues in Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1368-3500 .- 1747-7603. ; 24:20, s. 2860-2874
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The concept of smart tourism destinations has gained increased interest in tourism research. In this study, we show how previous research has shaped the current discourse on smart tourism destinations. By analysing meta-narratives, we outline how the use of language has influencedthe research domain of smart tourism destinations.Whenthe scope of a research field is broad and still unclear, a systematic meta-narrative analysis of the literature is recommended, to provide a holistic view and an understanding of how narratives unfold over time. Our findings highlight that there are certain words that dominate the contemporary discourse in this research field, presented as meta-narratives of smart tourism destinations. Our study shows how language plays an important role in providing frameworks for the research discourse and offers a legitimation of master ideas. By analysing the language used in published scientific texts for describing and defining smart tourism destinations, we identify the meta-narratives that build major language-based concepts and how these have formed the research field of smart tourism destinations.   
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19.
  • Gelter, Jennie, et al. (författare)
  • Making sense of smart tourism destinations : A qualitative text analysis from Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. - : Elsevier. - 2212-571X .- 2212-5752. ; 23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The concept of smart tourism destinations has gained increased attention in research literature and among tourism stakeholders. However, the concept is still considered in need of more in-depth explanations for understanding and making sense of the notion. The contribution of the concept of smarttourism destinations to managerially relevant knowledge is particularly difficult to assess due to its complexity. Therefore, a qualitative text analysis of stakeholder interviews is proposed and conducted using the GABEK® methodology to identify recurring themes in the stakeholders’ understanding of smart tourism destinations. The GABEK® methodology aims to represent the texts of open interviews as networks of interrelated keywords to make sense of a complex phenomenon. This study explores how destination stakeholders from two different Swedish destinations make sense of the concept of smart tourism destinations. Study findings show that, from the destination stakeholders’ point of view, there is a need to counterbalance the currently dominant focus on technology with softer though more existential values to construct a sustainable path of destination development. As for the theoretical contribution, this study clarifies properties of smart tourism destinations and stakeholders’ sense-making of the concept of smart tourism destination.  
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20.
  • Godtman Kling, Kristin, et al. (författare)
  • (In) equality in the outdoors : gender perspective on recreation and tourism media in the Swedish mountains
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Current Issues in Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1368-3500 .- 1747-7603. ; 23:2, s. 233-247
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper examines gender differences in participation in various outdoor recreation and tourism activities in the Swedish mountain region, and how these activities are portrayed from a gender perspective on the websites of five major tourist destinations. Spending time in nature has been linked to better health and well-being, and this article contributes to research on the unequal opportunities women and men have in taking part of such advantages. Results show that there is a gender difference in both participation and in representation of outdoor recreation. The observed gender difference is not only in line with the traditional heteronormativity but also suggests that new trends in outdoor recreation are further favoring traditionally masculine modes of engagement with nature. This suggests the need for re-thinking not only gender norms but also human relationships with nature in general.
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21.
  • Gretzel, Ulrike, et al. (författare)
  • e-Tourism beyond COVID-19 : a call for transformative research
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Information Technology & Tourism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1098-3058 .- 1943-4294. ; 22, s. 187-203
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This viewpoint article argues that the impacts of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 call for transformative e-Tourism research. We are at a crossroads where one road takes us to e-Tourism as it was before the crisis, whereas the other holds the potential to transform e-Tourism. To realize this potential, e-Tourism research needs to challenge existing paradigms and critically evaluate its ontological and epistemological foundations. In light of the paramount importance to rethink contemporary science, growth, and technology paradigms, we present six pillars to guide scholars in their efforts to transform e-Tourism through their research, including historicity, reflexivity, equity, transparency, plurality, and creativity. We conclude the paper with a call to the e-Tourism research community to embrace transformative research. 
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22.
  • Handbook of e-Tourism
  • 2022
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This handbook provides an authoritative and truly comprehensive overview both of the diverse applications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) within the travel and tourism industry and of e-tourism as a field of scientific inquiry that has grown and matured beyond recognition. Leading experts from around the world describe cutting-edge ideas and developments, present key concepts and theories, and discuss the full range of research methods. The coverage accordingly encompasses everything from big data and analytics to psychology, user behavior, online marketing, supply chain and operations management, smart business networks, policy and regulatory issues – and much, much more. The goal is to provide an outstanding reference that summarizes and synthesizes current knowledge and establishes the theoretical and methodological foundations for further study of the role of ICTs in travel and tourism. The handbook will meet the needs of researchers and students in various disciplines as well as industry professionals. As with all volumes in Springer’s Major Reference Works program, readers will benefit from access to a continually updated online version.
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23.
  • Höpken, Wolfram, et al. (författare)
  • Analyzing tourism online reviews : An extended approach to hierarchical topic detection by keyword clustering
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Tourism: An interdisciplinary Journal. - : Institute for Tourism. - 0494-2639. ; 72:1, s. 7-19
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tourism managers are increasingly turning to the online sphere to gain relevant customer insights. However, current approaches to analyzing vast and rapidly changing user-generated content (UGC) face several limitations. Supervised approaches require significant effort to provide pre-tagged training data and cannot dynamically identify topics mentioned in UGC. On the other hand, unsupervised approaches typically do not support different abstraction levels or enable a successive refinement of analysis in a drill-down manner, which is often expected as a practical requirement of tourism and destination management. Our research objective is, therefore, to extend current supervised approaches for identifying predefined topics by adopting unsupervised approaches using cluster analysis. The results emphasize that unsupervised approaches can (1) detect non-predefined topics dynamically with an accuracy similar to supervised approaches, thus demonstrating the potential to replace them and avoid the necessity of providing pre-tagged training data. (2) To build a topic hierarchy, unsupervised approaches sense more fine-grained topics as an enhancement of predefined topics on a lower level of abstraction, enabling more powerful drill-down-like analyses. Overall, the proposed extended approach to topic detection promises to support tourism management by meaningfully analyzing the increasing mass of visitors’ online feedback. 
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24.
  • Höpken, Wolfram, et al. (författare)
  • Artificial Neural Networks
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800377479 ; , s. 187-189
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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25.
  • Höpken, Wolfram, et al. (författare)
  • Business intelligence in tourism
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Handbook of e-Tourism. - Switzerland : Springer Nature. ; , s. 497-527
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Business intelligence encompasses all activities dealing with collecting, storing/-managing, and analyzing business-relevant data with the objective of generating knowledge as input to decision support. Business intelligence is often used as an umbrella term for data warehousing, reporting and OLAP (online analyticalprocessing), MIS/DSS, and data mining, respectively. If we count all topics listed above, it is obvious that business intelligence hasquite a long history also in the tourism domain. As early examples in tourism,we can identify the DINAMO system introduced by American Airlines alreadyin 1988 or TourMIS in 1998.The widespread use of ICT, especially the uptake of the Internet and social media, led to an increase of available data on customers, competitors, and thewhole market in all major business domains, including tourism. More powerful hardware and sophisticated methods to store and analyze such data turned business intelligence into one of the fastest-growing technologies and most challenging areas in the last decade. This chapter gives an overview on the topic of business intelligence and all technical components of a BI architecture (i.e., information extraction and transformation, data warehousing, and different mechanisms and tools to access and analyze data, like reporting or OLAP tools, dashboards, or data mining tool sets). Moreover, the chapter looks at the history of BI in tourism and presents and discusses typical application scenarios in tourism. Finally, we look at currenttrends and latest developments in the area of business intelligence and their expected implications for the tourism domain.
  •  
26.
  • Höpken, W., et al. (författare)
  • Estimating Tourist Arrivals by User Generated Content Volume in Periods of Extraordinary Demand Fluctuations
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783031257513 ; , s. 221-242
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In extraordinary situations, like the Covid-19 pandemic, irregular demand fluctuations can hardly be predicted by traditional forecasting approaches. Even the current extent of decline of demand is typically unknown since tourism statistics are only available with a time delay. This study presents an approach to benefit from user generated content (UGC) in form of online reviews from TripAdvisor as input to estimate current tourism demand in near real-time. The approach builds on an additive time series component model and linear regression to estimate tourist arrivals. Results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms a traditional seasonal naïve forecasting approach when applied to a period of extraordinary demand fluctuations caused by a crisis, like Covid-19. The approach further enables a real-time monitoring of tourism demand and the benchmarking of tourism business in times of extraordinary demand fluctuations. 
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27.
  •  
28.
  • Höpken, Wolfram, et al. (författare)
  • Improving Tourist Arrival Prediction : A Big Data and Artificial Neural Network Approach
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Travel Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0047-2875 .- 1552-6763. ; 60:5, s. 998-1017
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Because of high fluctuations of tourism demand, accurate predictions of tourist arrivals are of high importance for tourism organizations. The study at hand presents an approach to enhance autoregressive prediction models by including travelers’ web search traffic as external input attribute for tourist arrival prediction. The study proposes a novel method to identify relevant search terms and to aggregate them into a compound web-search index, used as additional input of an autoregressive prediction approach. As methods to predict tourism arrivals, the study compares autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models with the machine learning–based technique artificial neural network (ANN). Study results show that (1) Google Trends data, mirroring traveler’s online search behavior (i.e., big data information source), significantly increase the performance of tourist arrival prediction compared to autoregressive approaches using past arrivals alone, and (2) the machine learning technique ANN has the capacity to outperform ARIMA models. 
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29.
  • Höpken, Wolfram, et al. (författare)
  • Machine Learning
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800377479 ; , s. 110-114
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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30.
  • Kleineidam, Luca, et al. (författare)
  • Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) throughout a person's lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them. Methods: We systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N = 2,369, AgeCoDe), (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT; N = 474, AgeCoDe), (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N = 873, DELCODE), and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N = 873, DELCODE). Results: Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up = 6.03 years), consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up = 2.61 years). We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM. Discussion: Our results support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.
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31.
  • Kronenberg, Kai, et al. (författare)
  • Aligning tourism's socio-economic impact with the United Nations' sustainable development goals
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Tourism Management Perspectives. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-9736 .- 2211-9744. ; 39, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Socio-economic sustainability for tourism workers does not play a prominent role in contemporary tourism economic impact studies. Rather, to promote economic growth paradigms, the focus lies on aggregated employment and income effects. To better understand tourism's contribution to decent work and reduced inequalities (Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 10, respectively), our study assesses tourism's socio-economic impact by focussing on meso-level perspectives from major tourism institutions that are complemented with macro-level results gained through an occupation-based Input-Output model. Although income inequalities across tourism occupations remain relatively low, income inequalities over a period of nine years have increased. Tourism employees continue to work in precarious occupations due to limited training and career opportunities. Employers demand skilled vocational professions and provide non-monetary benefits; however, respective salaries remain average. Altogether, tourism contributes to Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 10 only moderately, and regional tourism institutions need to continue their development strategies for greater sustainability.
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32.
  • Kronenberg, Kai (författare)
  • New perspectives on socio-economic impacts of tourism : A study on the distributive effects of tourism and events on regional employment and income
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the broad field of the economic impact of tourism and events, most studies seek to understand regional tourism development by only focusing on a growth-oriented perspective and highly aggregated indicators, such as increases in GDP. Such a narrow view, however, systematically overlooks and disregards the negative socio-economic consequences that accompany economic growth, such as income inequality and precarious working conditions. Thus, understanding tourism development should include broader perspectives related to the social aspects of regional economic activities, and particularly their implications for the tourism workforce. This thesis demonstrates how current approaches for estimating the economic impacts of tourism and events can be extended towards a more distributive perspective that encompasses issues that are most relevant for the tourism workforce. The aim is to better understand the role of tourism and sport events in the socio-economic development of the tourist and event region of Jämtland Härjedalen, Sweden from 2008 to 2017. In this thesis, tourism encompasses general events, particularly large-scale sporting events, as events are considered key elements for regional tourism development. A mixed-methods approach was employed to estimate the socio-economic impact of tourism and events. Growth-oriented indicators were supplemented with leakage effects, and disaggregated as well as distributive perspectives in tourism employment and income. These macro-level findings were enriched with institutional meso-level perspectives of the regional tourism and events industry. The results indicate that tourism demand continuously grew in the region and thus played a significant social and economic role for the regional population. However, the tourism industry’s ability to generate employment and income continually weakened over time. The negative outcomes of growth related to an increase in income inequality and a growing share of low income occupations with precarious working conditions. Thus, continuous institutional efforts that foster conditions for tourism development and regional events are crucial for guiding tourism development in a more socio-economically sustainable direction.
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33.
  •  
34.
  • Kronenberg, Kai, et al. (författare)
  • The socio-economic impact of regional tourism : an occupation-based modelling perspective from Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0966-9582 .- 1747-7646. ; 30:12, s. 2785-2805
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Traditional measurements of tourism’s economic impact refer to primary and secondary effects that are typically quantified through input–output (IO) methodology. From a sustainable regional development perspective, however, economic impact analyses are criticised for their one-dimensional analysis focussing mainly on growth-oriented effects represented by aggregates for output, employment, income or tax. Although existing literature comprises various extensions of IO models, the focus of these models is restricted to indicators at a high aggregate level. Thus, distributional or other socio-economically important aspects related to the tourism workforce are seldom discussed. In our approach to study tourism’s impacts over a nine-year period, we consider macro-and meso-level perspectives and disaggregate tourism’s impact on regional employment and income for particular occupational areas in the Swedish region of Jämtland. Results indicate weakening employment effects; relatively low but increasing income-inequalities; and increasing shares of elementary positions with precarious working conditions despite para-industrial initiatives from tourism institutions to develop the industry. By enhancing traditional tourism economic impact methodology, we hope that our approach is supportive in putting the tourism workforce at the heart of the regional development and tourism sustainability discourse.
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35.
  • Kronenberg, Kai, et al. (författare)
  • The Socio-economic impact of regional tourism : an occupation-based modelling perspective from Sweden
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: A sustainable tourism workforce. - New York : Routledge. - 9781032564166 - 9781003435457
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Traditional measurements of tourism’s economic impact refer to primary and secondary effects that are typically quantified through input–output (IO) methodology. From a sustainable regional development perspective, however, economic impact analyses are criticised for their one-dimensional analysis focussing mainly on growth-oriented effects represented by aggregates for output, employment, income or tax. Although existing literature comprises various extensions of IO models, the focus of these models is restricted to indicators at a high aggregate level. Thus, distributional or other socio-economically important aspects related to the tourism workforce are seldom discussed. In our approach to study tourism’s impacts over a nine-year period, we consider macro-and meso-level perspectives and disaggregate tourism’s impact on regional employment and income for particular occupational areas in the Swedish region of Jämtland. Results indicate weakening employment effects; relatively low but increasing income-inequalities; and increasing shares of elementary positions with precarious working conditions despite para-industrial initiatives from tourism institutions to develop the industry. By enhancing traditional tourism economic impact methodology, we hope that our approach is supportive in putting the tourism workforce at the heart of the regional development and tourism sustainability discourse.
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36.
  • Kronenberg, Kai, et al. (författare)
  • Tourism's socio-economic contribution : A UN SDG perspective
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Accelerating the progress towards the 2030 SDGs in times of crisis. - Östersund : Mittuniversitetet. - 9789189341173 ; , s. 1274-1275
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Studying the economic impact of tourism with Input-Output (IO) methodology and extensions, like Computable General Equilibrium, is widely established within tourism science (Comerio & Strozzi 2019). However, the analytical focus of the majority of impact analyses remains on aggregated indicators, such as total output, employment and income, respectively. However, this reductionist view in line with economic orthodoxy provides an oversimplified and biased perspective on regional development missing out important socio-economic issues (Gallagher et al. 1999). In particular, the concept of sustainability has not (yet) played a prominent role in estimating tourism’s economic impact. Though, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) explicitly address decent work (SDG 8) as well as reduced inequalities (SDG 10) (UN 2021). Accordingly, a growing number of tourism scholars argue that regional tourism development should focus on the principles of steady-state economics by prioritizing local communities as well as by highlighting that especially employment-related issues are widely neglected by debates and works on sustainable tourism (Baum et al 2016; Higgins-Desbiolles et al. 2019). In the same way, we argue that traditional economic impact measurement approaches contributed too little to address sustainable regional development. Therefore, we extend the traditional practice of tourism economic impact measurement by considering ‘new monetary measures’ beyond growth-focused aggregates (Söderbaum and Brown 2010). More precisely, our IO-based regional impact study estimates economic leakages, importation shares as well as taxation effects from tourism over a 10 years period (2008-2017). Most importantly, we dis-aggregate employment and income effects into diverse occupational areas (Daniels 2004). This allows us to study tourism’s contribution to decrease sectoral income inequalities among particular occupation types. As a narrow view on monetary indicators risks to dis-embed markets from its underlying rules and social institutions, socio-economic impacts can hardly be understood solely by numbers. Accordingly, our study also considers the perspective from major tourism-related institutions, like branch associations, labor unions and regional public institutions. A mixed-method approach, finally, complements quantitative findings from IO with additional qualitative insights thereby obtaining a holistic understanding on the socio-economic impact of tourism in the region of Jämtland Härjedalen with a focus on tourism employment- and income. As highlighted by the UN-SDGs, the proposed analysis broadens the view of conventional tourism economic impact approaches in tourism.  ReferencesBaum, T. et al. (2016). Sustainability and the tourism and hospitality workforce. Sustainability, 8(8), 809.Comerio, N., & Strozzi, F. (2019). Tourism and its economic impact. Tourism economics, 25(1), 109-131.Daniels, M. J. (2004). Beyond input-output analysis: using occupation-based modeling to estimate wages generated by a sport tourism event. Journal of travel research, 43(1), 75-82.Gallagher, R., Appenzeller, T., & Normile, D. (1999). Beyond reductionism. Science, 284(5411), 79.Higgins-Desbiolles, F. et al. (2019). De-growing tourism: rethinking tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1926-1944.Söderbaum, P., & Brown, J. (2010). Democratizing economics: pluralism as a path toward sustainability. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1185(1), 179-195.United Nations (2021). About the Sustainable Development Goals. Accessed 15.02.2021. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
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37.
  • Kronenberg, Kai, et al. (författare)
  • Tourism’s socio-economic impact: A justice perspective
  • 2022
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Contemporary approaches to study tourism’s economic impacts mainly refer to methodologies employing multipliers and intersectoral linkages. However, most tourism economic impact studies are theoretically embedded within a narrow growth-oriented framework focusing on aggregated indicators, thus, allowing little analytical room beyond the GDP-perspective. This reductionist view on tourism development systematically overlooks socio-economic dynamics as well as grievances for the tourism workforce. This is particularly critical, as it is argued that tourism is a significant driver for regional development, and that tourism systems are characterized by low entry barriers that allow a large share of the local and regional population to participate in various earning opportunities. Indeed, economic theory should aim to analyze not only what, how and how many tourism services are produced, but also being capable to solve social and distributive problems, including poverty reduction and avoidance. While unequal distribution of socio-economic benefits relates to issues of distributive justice and precarious working conditions, unequal income distributions make it increasingly difficult to sustain a decent life and pursue the desired livelihood for a growing number of tourism workers. After critically discussing major justice theories and their use in tourism, our mixed-methods study addresses distributional and (in)justice issues regarding tourism workers by extending traditional economic impact methodology. We, firstly, disaggregate income effects gained from regionalized Input-Output models to obtain income inequality measures, like Gini-indexes and Lorenz curves, for major occupations in the regional tourism sector of Jämtland-Härjedalen, Sweden. Additional qualitative data from interviews with representatives from major tourism institutions, such as the regional tourism association, labour unions, employment service, or the chamber of commerce, help us to gain an in-depth understanding on poverty issues affecting the regional tourism workforce. Results show that despite institutional framework conditions of the ‘Nordic model’, particularly occupations with little or no educational requirements are most strongly affected by issues of injustice. Our proposed approach broadens the traditional view on tourism economic impacts and helps to improve the process of tourism-induced socio-economic sustainability.
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38.
  • Lehner, Matthias, et al. (författare)
  • Living smaller: acceptance, effects and structural factors in the EU
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Buildings and Cities. - 2632-6655. ; 5:1, s. 215-230
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article examines limits to per capita living space (i.e. living smaller and/or sharing living space) as a measure for achieving sufficiency in housing. It studies the acceptance, motivation and side-effects of voluntarily reducing living space in five European Union countries: Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Spain and Sweden. Insights are derived from an extensive collection of qualitative empirical material collected from citizen and stakeholder ‘thinking labs’ across the five case countries. Overall, the data reveal an initial reluctance among citizens to reduce living space voluntarily. They also point to some major structural barriers: the housing market and its regulatory framework, social inequality, or dominant societal norms regarding ‘the ideal home’. Enhanced community amenities can compensate for reduced private living space, though contingent upon a clear allocation of rights and responsibilities. Participants also reported positive effects to living smaller, including increased time for leisure activities and proximity to services. This was often coupled with urbanization, which may also be part of living smaller in the future.
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39.
  • McGrath, Matthew J., et al. (författare)
  • The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom : 1990-2020
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - 1866-3508. ; 15:10, s. 4295-4370
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Quantification of land surface-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their trends and uncertainties is essential for monitoring progress of the EU27+UK bloc as it strives to meet ambitious targets determined by both international agreements and internal regulation. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of fossil sources (CO2 fossil) and natural (including formally managed ecosystems) sources and sinks over land (CO2 land) using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union and United Kingdom (EU27+UK), updating earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021). Given the wide scope of the work and the variety of approaches involved, this study aims to answer essential questions identified in the previous syntheses and understand the differences between datasets, particularly for poorly characterized fluxes from managed and unmanaged ecosystems. The work integrates updated emission inventory data, process-based model results, data-driven categorical model results, and inverse modeling estimates, extending the previous period 1990-2018 to the year 2020 to the extent possible. BU and TD products are compared with the European national greenhouse gas inventory (NGHGI) reported by parties including the year 2019 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The uncertainties of the EU27+UK NGHGI were evaluated using the standard deviation reported by the EU member states following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and harmonized by gap-filling procedures. Variation in estimates produced with other methods, such as atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), originate from within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. By comparing the NGHGI with other approaches, key sources of differences between estimates arise primarily in activities. System boundaries and emission categories create differences in CO2 fossil datasets, while different land use definitions for reporting emissions from land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) activities result in differences for CO2 land. The latter has important consequences for atmospheric inversions, leading to inversions reporting stronger sinks in vegetation and soils than are reported by the NGHGI. For CO2 fossil emissions, after harmonizing estimates based on common activities and selecting the most recent year available for all datasets, the UNFCCC NGHGI for the EU27+UK accounts for 926g±g13gTggCgyr-1, while eight other BU sources report a mean value of 948 [937,961]gTggCgyr-1 (25th, 75th percentiles). The sole top-down inversion of fossil emissions currently available accounts for 875gTggC in this same year, a value outside the uncertainty of both the NGHGI and bottom-up ensemble estimates and for which uncertainty estimates are not currently available. For the net CO2 land fluxes, during the most recent 5-year period including the NGHGI estimates, the NGHGI accounted for -91g±g32gTggCgyr-1, while six other BU approaches reported a mean sink of -62 [-117,-49]gTggCgyr-1, and a 15-member ensemble of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) reported -69 [-152,-5]gTggCgyr-1. The 5-year mean of three TD regional ensembles combined with one non-ensemble inversion of -73gTggCgyr-1 has a slightly smaller spread (0th-100th percentiles of [-135,+45]gTggCgyr-1), and it was calculated after removing net land-atmosphere CO2 fluxes caused by lateral transport of carbon (crop trade, wood trade, river transport, and net uptake from inland water bodies), resulting in increased agreement with the NGHGI and bottom-up approaches. Results at the category level (Forest Land, Cropland, Grassland) generally show good agreement between the NGHGI and category-specific models, but results for DGVMs are mixed. Overall, for both CO2 fossil and net CO2 land fluxes, we find that current independent approaches are consistent with the NGHGI at the scale of the EU27+UK. We conclude that CO2 emissions from fossil sources have decreased over the past 30 years in the EU27+UK, while land fluxes are relatively stable: positive or negative trends larger (smaller) than 0.07 (-0.61)gTggCgyr-2 can be ruled out for the NGHGI. In addition, a gap on the order of 1000gTggCgyr-1 between CO2 fossil emissions and net CO2 uptake by the land exists regardless of the type of approach (NGHGI, TD, BU), falling well outside all available estimates of uncertainties. However, uncertainties in top-down approaches to estimate CO2 fossil emissions remain uncharacterized and are likely substantial, in addition to known uncertainties in top-down estimates of the land fluxes. The data used to plot the figures are available at 10.5281/zenodo.8148461 (McGrath et al., 2023).
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40.
  • Monhonval, Arthur, et al. (författare)
  • Mineral Element Stocks in the Yedoma Domain : A Novel Method Applied to Ice-Rich Permafrost Regions
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-6463. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With permafrost thaw, significant amounts of organic carbon (OC) previously stored in frozen deposits are unlocked and become potentially available for microbial mineralization. This is particularly the case in ice-rich regions such as the Yedoma domain. Excess ground ice degradation exposes deep sediments and their OC stocks, but also mineral elements, to biogeochemical processes. Interactions of mineral elements and OC play a crucial role for OC stabilization and the fate of OC upon thaw, and thus regulate carbon dioxide and methane emissions. In addition, some mineral elements are limiting nutrients for plant growth or microbial metabolic activity. A large ongoing effort is to quantify OC stocks and their lability in permafrost regions, but the influence of mineral elements on the fate of OC or on biogeochemical nutrient cycles has received less attention and there is an overall lack of mineral element content analyses for permafrost sediments. Here, we combine portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) with a bootstrapping technique to provide i) the first large-scale Yedoma domain Mineral Concentrations Assessment (YMCA) dataset, and ii) estimates of mineral element stocks in never thawed (since deposition) ice-rich Yedoma permafrost and previously thawed and partly refrozen Alas deposits. The pXRF method for mineral element quantification is non-destructive and offers a complement to the classical dissolution and measurement by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in solution. Using this method, mineral element concentrations (Si, Al, Fe, Ca, K, Ti, Mn, Zn, Sr and Zr) were assessed on 1,292 sediment samples from the Yedoma domain with lower analytical effort and lower costs relative to the ICP-OES method. The pXRF measured concentrations were calibrated using alkaline fusion and ICP-OES measurements on a subset of 144 samples (R2 from 0.725 to 0.996). The results highlight that i) the mineral element stock in sediments of the Yedoma domain (1,387,000 km2) is higher for Si, followed by Al, Fe, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Zr, Sr, and Zn, and that ii) the stock in Al and Fe (598 ± 213 and 288 ± 104 Gt) is in the same order of magnitude as the OC stock (327–466 Gt).
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41.
  • Ogneva, Olga, et al. (författare)
  • Particulate organic matter in the Lena River and its delta : from thepermafrost catchment to the Arctic Ocean
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 20:7, s. 1423-1441
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rapid Arctic warming accelerates permafrost thaw, causing an additional release of terrestrial organic matter (OM) into rivers and, ultimately, after transport via deltas and estuaries, to the Arctic Ocean nearshore. The majority of our understanding of nearshore OM dynamics and fate has been developed from freshwater rivers despite the likely impact of highly dynamic estuarine and deltaic environments on the transformation, storage, and age of OM delivered to coastal waters. Here, we studied particulate organic carbon (POC) dynamics in the Lena River delta and compared them with POC dynamics in the Lena River main stem along a similar to 1600 km long transect from Yakutsk, downstream to the delta. We measured POC, total suspended matter (TSM), and carbon isotopes (delta C-13 and Delta C-14) in POC to compare riverine and deltaic OM composition and changes in OM source and fate during transport offshore. We found that TSM and POC concentrations decreased by 70% during transit from the main stem to the delta and Arctic Ocean. We found deltaic POC to be strongly depleted in C-13 relative to fluvial POC. Dual-carbon (Delta C-14 and delta C-13) isotope mixing model analyses indicated a significant phytoplankton contribution to deltaic POC (similar to 68 +/- 6 %) and suggested an additional input of permafrost-derived OM into deltaic waters (similar to 18 +/- 4% of deltaic POC originates from Pleistocene deposits vs. similar to 5 +/- 4% in the river main stem). Despite the lower concentration of POC in the delta than in the main stem (0.41 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.30 mg L-1, respectively), the amount of POC derived from Yedoma deposits in deltaic waters was almost twice as large as the amount of POC of Yedoma origin in the main stem (0.07 +/- 0.02 and 0.04 +/- 0.02 mg L-1, respectively). We assert that estuarine and deltaic processes require consideration in order to correctly understand OM dynamics throughout Arctic nearshore coastal zones and how these processes may evolve under future climate-driven change.
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42.
  • Peters, Anke, et al. (författare)
  • A relational exploration of tourists’ environmental values and their perception of restrictions in protected nature
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Tourism. - : Routledge. - 0966-9582 .- 1747-7646. ; , s. 1-18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the face of the present ecological crisis, a relational understanding of human-nature relationships is increasingly critical, especially in protected nature areas. This understanding encompasses not only the values assigned to nature but also the environmental values that individuals hold and their impact on sense-making. We apply the Two Major Environmental Value scale, which allows for the classification of individuals into four environmental value groups along a broader spectrum. For the first time, we examine the scales’ explanatory power in the context of nature-based tourism in a protected area. Specifically, we explore the dynamic between different environmental value groups and their sense-making of the restrictions limiting access to nature in a Swedish nature reserve. Findings reveal significant differences in how visitors with varying environmental values perceive these restrictions. We introduce a newly identified value-based visitor group, i.e. the dualcentric environmental value group. Its perception of restrictions is found to be located between those of the biocentric and the anthropocentric group. Implications for how management should work towards creating transformative nature-based tourist experiences based on human-nature relationships are discussed along with an agenda for future research.
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43.
  • Prasciolu, Mauro, et al. (författare)
  • On the use of multilayer Laue lenses with X-ray free electron lasers
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Conference on X-Ray Lasers 2020. - : SPIE. - 1996-756X .- 0277-786X. - 9781510646186 ; 11886
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report on the use of multilayer Laue lenses to focus the intense X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) beam at the European XFEL to a spot size of a few tens of nanometers. We present the procedure to align and characterize these lenses and discuss challenges working with the pulse trains from this unique X-ray source.
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44.
  • Sanders, Tina, et al. (författare)
  • Seasonal nitrogen fluxes of the Lena River Delta
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:2, s. 423-438
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Arctic is nutrient limited, particularly by nitrogen, and is impacted by anthropogenic global warming which occurs approximately twice as fast compared to the global average. Arctic warming intensifies thawing of permafrost-affected soils releasing their large organic nitrogen reservoir. This organic nitrogen reaches hydrological systems, is remineralized to reactive inorganic nitrogen, and is transported to the Arctic Ocean via large rivers. We estimate the load of nitrogen supplied from terrestrial sources into the Arctic Ocean by sampling in the Lena River and its Delta. We took water samples along one of the major deltaic channels in winter and summer in 2019 and sampling station in the central delta over a one-year cycle. Additionally, we investigate the potential release of reactive nitrogen, including nitrous oxide from soils in the Delta. We found that the Lena transported nitrogen as dissolved organic nitrogen to the coastal Arctic Ocean and that eroded soils are sources of reactive inorganic nitrogen such as ammonium and nitrate. The Lena and the Deltaic region apparently are considerable sources of nitrogen to nearshore coastal zone. The potential higher availability of inorganic nitrogen might be a source to enhance nitrous oxide emissions from terrestrial and aquatic sources to the atmosphere.
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45.
  • Strauss, Jens, et al. (författare)
  • Circum-Arctic Map of the Yedoma Permafrost Domain
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-6463. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ice-rich permafrost in the circum-Arctic and sub-Arctic (hereafter pan-Arctic), such as late Pleistocene Yedoma, are especially prone to degradation due to climate change or human activity. When Yedoma deposits thaw, large amounts of frozen organic matter and biogeochemically relevant elements return into current biogeochemical cycles. This mobilization of elements has local and global implications: increased thaw in thermokarst or thermal erosion settings enhances greenhouse gas fluxes from permafrost regions. In addition, this ice-rich ground is of special concern for infrastructure stability as the terrain surface settles along with thawing. Finally, understanding the distribution of the Yedoma domain area provides a window into the Pleistocene past and allows reconstruction of Ice Age environmental conditions and past mammoth-steppe landscapes. Therefore, a detailed assessment of the current pan-Arctic Yedoma coverage is of importance to estimate its potential contribution to permafrost-climate feedbacks, assess infrastructure vulnerabilities, and understand past environmental and permafrost dynamics. Building on previous mapping efforts, the objective of this paper is to compile the first digital pan-Arctic Yedoma map and spatial database of Yedoma coverage. Therefore, we 1) synthesized, analyzed, and digitized geological and stratigraphical maps allowing identification of Yedoma occurrence at all available scales, and 2) compiled field data and expert knowledge for creating Yedoma map confidence classes. We used GIS-techniques to vectorize maps and harmonize site information based on expert knowledge. We included a range of attributes for Yedoma areas based on lithological and stratigraphic information from the source maps and assigned three different confidence levels of the presence of Yedoma (confirmed, likely, or uncertain). Using a spatial buffer of 20 km around mapped Yedoma occurrences, we derived an extent of the Yedoma domain. Our result is a vector-based map of the current pan-Arctic Yedoma domain that covers approximately 2,587,000 km2, whereas Yedoma deposits are found within 480,000 km2 of this region. We estimate that 35% of the total Yedoma area today is located in the tundra zone, and 65% in the taiga zone. With this Yedoma mapping, we outlined the substantial spatial extent of late Pleistocene Yedoma deposits and created a unique pan-Arctic dataset including confidence estimates.
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46.
  • Tomassini, L., et al. (författare)
  • Circular economy in tourism and hospitality : A micro-meso-macro framework for inter-disciplinary research
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Tourism and Hospitality Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1467-3584 .- 1742-9692.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This contribution elaborates on the theoretical and practical implications of the circular economy in tourism and hospitality through an inter-disciplinary approach advancing novel possibilities for future research. Acknowledging the literature gap on circular economy in tourism and hospitality as an under-researched and under-theorised area of research, this contribution identifies a set of theoretical lenses that can help to elaborate the notion of circular economy and unpack it through an inter-disciplinary approach for future research. It does so by discussing the notion of circular economy through a micro-meso-macro framework combining practice theory, network theory, complexity theory, and the spatial and mobilities turn in social sciences. The originality of this work lies in its inter-disciplinary approach based on a micro-meso-macro theoretical framework offering novel opportunities to discuss, envision, and operationalize circular regenerative processes in tourism futures in terms of multidimensional, networked, complex, practice-based, and localised processes and operations. 
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47.
  • Treat, Claire C., et al. (författare)
  • Permafrost Carbon : Progress on Understanding Stocks and Fluxes Across Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 129:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Significant progress in permafrost carbon science made over the past decades include the identification of vast permafrost carbon stocks, the development of new pan-Arctic permafrost maps, an increase in terrestrial measurement sites for CO2 and methane fluxes, and important factors affecting carbon cycling, including vegetation changes, periods of soil freezing and thawing, wildfire, and other disturbance events. Process-based modeling studies now include key elements of permafrost carbon cycling and advances in statistical modeling and inverse modeling enhance understanding of permafrost region C budgets. By combining existing data syntheses and model outputs, the permafrost region is likely a wetland methane source and small terrestrial ecosystem CO2 sink with lower net CO2 uptake toward higher latitudes, excluding wildfire emissions. For 2002–2014, the strongest CO2 sink was located in western Canada (median: −52 g C m−2 y−1) and smallest sinks in Alaska, Canadian tundra, and Siberian tundra (medians: −5 to −9 g C m−2 y−1). Eurasian regions had the largest median wetland methane fluxes (16–18 g CH4 m−2 y−1). Quantifying the regional scale carbon balance remains challenging because of high spatial and temporal variability and relatively low density of observations. More accurate permafrost region carbon fluxes require: (a) the development of better maps characterizing wetlands and dynamics of vegetation and disturbances, including abrupt permafrost thaw; (b) the establishment of new year-round CO2 and methane flux sites in underrepresented areas; and (c) improved models that better represent important permafrost carbon cycle dynamics, including non-growing season emissions and disturbance effects.
  •  
48.
  • Wang, Zehui, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of Instagram Users’ Movement Pattern by Cluster Analysis and Association Rule Mining
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 97-109
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Understanding the characteristics of tourists’ movements is essential for tourism destination management. With advances in informationand communication technology, more and more people are willing to upload photos and videos to various social media platforms while traveling. These openly available media data is gaining increasing attention in the field of movement pattern mining as a new data source. In this study, uploaded images and their geographic information within Lake Constance region, Germany were collected and through clustering analysis,a state-of-the-art k-means with noise removal algorithm was compared with the commonly used DBSCAN on Instagram dataset. Finally, association rules between popular attractions at region-level and citylevelwere mined respectively. Results show that social media data like Instagram constitute a valuable input to analyse tourists’ movement patterns as input to decision support and destination management.
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49.
  • Windirsch, Torben, et al. (författare)
  • Impacts of reindeer on soil carbon storage in the seasonally frozen ground of northern Finland : a pilot study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Boreal environment research. - : Finish Environment Institute. - 1239-6095 .- 1797-2469. ; 28:1-6, s. 207-226
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To test the effect of reindeer husbandry on soil carbon storage of seasonally frozen ground, we analysed soil and vegetation properties in peatlands and mixed pine and mountain birch forests. We analysed sites with no grazing and contrasting intensities of grazing, and associated trampling, in Northern Finland. With a pilot study approach, we optimised the study design to include several grazing class sites including grazing seasonality but omitting sample replication at one site. Soils were analysed for water content, bulk density, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen, stable carbon isotopes and radiocarbon ages. We found that there was no significant difference between grazing intensities in terms of TOC, but that TOC mainly depended on the soils' TOC content present prior to intensive herbivory introduction. In contrast, understory vegetation was visibly transformed from dwarf shrub to graminoid-dominated vegetation with increasing grazing and trampling intensity. Also, we found a decrease in bulk density with increasing animal activity on soil sites, which most likely results from named vegetation changes and therefore different peat structures.
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