| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Chambers, John C., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic loci influencing kidney function and chronic kidney disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:5, s. 373-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using genome-wide association, we identify common variants at 2p12-p13, 6q26, 17q23 and 19q13 associated with serum creatinine, a marker of kidney function (P = 10(-10) to 10(-15)). Of these, rs10206899 (near NAT8, 2p12-p13) and rs4805834 (near SLC7A9, 19q13) were also associated with chronic kidney disease (P = 5.0 x 10(-5) and P = 3.6 x 10(-4), respectively). Our findings provide insight into metabolic, solute and drug-transport pathways underlying susceptibility to chronic kidney disease.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Emanuel, Robyn M, et al.
(författare)
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Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score : Prospective International Assessment of an Abbreviated Symptom Burden Scoring System Among Patients With MPNs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 30:33, s. 4098-4103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) symptoms are troublesome to patients, and alleviation of this burden represents a paramount treatment objective in the development of MPN-directed therapies. We aimed to assess the utility of an abbreviated symptom score for the most pertinent and representative MPN symptoms for subsequent serial use in assessing response to therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score (MPN-SAF TSS) was calculated as the mean score for 10 items from two previously validated scoring systems. Questions focus on fatigue, concentration, early satiety, inactivity, night sweats, itching, bone pain, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, and fevers.RESULTS MPN-SAF TSS was calculable for 1,408 of 1,433 patients with MPNs who had a mean score of 21.2 (standard deviation [SD], 16.3). MPN-SAF TSS results significantly differed among MPN disease subtypes (P < .001), with a mean of 18.7 (SD, 15.3), 21.8 (SD, 16.3), and 25.3 (SD, 17.2) for patients with essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis, respectively. The MPN-SAF TSS strongly correlated with overall quality of life (QOL; r = 0.59; P < .001) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) functional scales (all P < .001 and absolute r ≥ 0.50 except social functioning r = 0.48). No significant trends were present when comparing therapy subgroups. The MPN-SAF TSS had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .83). Factor analysis identified a single underlying construct, indicating that the MPN-SAF TSS is an appropriate, unified scoring method.CONCLUSIONThe MPN-SAF TSS is a concise, valid, and accurate assessment of MPN symptom burden with demonstrated clinical utility in the largest prospective MPN symptom study to date. This new prospective scoring method may be used to assess MPN symptom burden in both clinical practice and trial settings.
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| 6. |
- Fuentes, Maria
(författare)
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Att göra hem – En studie av unga mäns boende och konsumtion på 2000-talet
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “Home” has become a commercialised place in contemporary Sweden. As both cause and ef- fect of this development, the Swedish market for furniture and interior decoration has grown significantly during the last twenty years. Retailers, television shows and magazines have con- tributed to a steadily progressing market, where consumers shop for the latest in furniture as well as the latest ideas and ideals of home. How do people make home today and what charac- terises these homes? This study offers one answer to these questions providing a description of how seven young men made their lodgings into homes through consumption of furniture and interior decorations during the first ten years of the 21st century. The results of the study permit a reassessment of the image of home prevalent in marke- ting and consumption research. In this research tradition, home was often described as private place connected to family, and is conceptualised as closed and non-commercial. This puts forward an alternative image. From a “relational place” perspective, home can be seen as a place shaped by events and actions, consisting of arranging people, things and symbols in a manner that makes people belong to that place. The seven young men under study described their ho- mes as open and movable places, interwoven with the market. Their descriptions showed how commercial ideas and products had been put to individual use, and how homes were made into interfaces, connecting rather than separating the men from the world. Homes were places that facilitated and sustained relationships, places that merged commercial ideas and products with individual aspirations, and places that were opened to, rather than closed from, the world. The interconnectedness of the home and the market suggested by this study document the importance of a proper understanding of home for any investigations aiming at establishing how commercial products and marketing practice are put to use and made part of people’s everyday life.
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| 7. |
- Fuentes, Maria
(författare)
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Packaging
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food words. Essays in culinary culture. - London : Bloomsbury. - 9780857851956 ; , s. 152-155
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Food Words is a series of provocative essays on some of the most important keywords in the emergent field of food studies, focusing on current controversies and on-going debates. Words like 'choice' and 'convenience' are often used as explanatory terms in understanding consumer behavior but are clearly ideological in the way they reflect particular positions and serve specific interests, while words like 'taste' and 'value' are no less complex and contested. Inspired by Raymond Williams, Food Words traces the multiple meanings of each of our keywords, tracking nuances in different (academic, commercial and policy) contexts. Mapping the dynamic meanings of each term, the book moves forward from critical assessment to active intervention - an attitude that is reflected in the lively, sometimes combative, style of the essays. Each essay is research-based and fully referenced but accessible to the general reader.
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| 8. |
- Fuentes, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Packaging
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food words : Essays in culinary culture - Essays in culinary culture. - 9780857851956
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Fuentes, Maria
(författare)
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Shopping
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food words. Essays in culinary culture. - London : Bloomsbury. - 9780857851956 ; , s. 197-200
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Food Words is a series of provocative essays on some of the most important keywords in the emergent field of food studies, focusing on current controversies and on-going debates. Words like 'choice' and 'convenience' are often used as explanatory terms in understanding consumer behavior but are clearly ideological in the way they reflect particular positions and serve specific interests, while words like 'taste' and 'value' are no less complex and contested. Inspired by Raymond Williams, Food Words traces the multiple meanings of each of our keywords, tracking nuances in different (academic, commercial and policy) contexts. Mapping the dynamic meanings of each term, the book moves forward from critical assessment to active intervention - an attitude that is reflected in the lively, sometimes combative, style of the essays. Each essay is research-based and fully referenced but accessible to the general reader.
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| 10. |
- Fuentes, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Shopping
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food words : Esseys in culinary culture - Esseys in culinary culture. - 9780857851956
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Henjes, Frauke, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Autoantibody Profiles in Osteoarthritis Using Comprehensive Protein Array Concepts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 13:11, s. 5218-5229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common rheumatic disease and one of the most disabling pathologies worldwide. To date, the diagnostic methods of OA are very limited, and there are no available medications capable of halting its characteristic cartilage degeneration. Therefore, there is a significant interest in new biomarkers useful for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. In the recent years, protein microarrays have emerged as a powerful proteomic tool to search for new biomarkers. In this study, we have used two concepts for generating protein arrays, antigen microarrays, and NAPPA (nucleic acid programmable protein arrays), to characterize differential autoantibody profiles in a set of 62 samples from OA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy controls. An untargeted screen was performed on 3840 protein fragments spotted on planar antigen arrays, and 373 antigens were selected for validation on bead-based arrays. In the NAPPA approach, a targeted screening was performed on 80 preselected proteins. The autoantibody targeting CHST14 was validated by ELISA in the same set of patients. Altogether, nine and seven disease related autoantibody target candidates were identified, and this work demonstrates a combination of these two array concepts for biomarker discovery and their usefulness for characterizing disease-specific autoantibody profiles.
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| 14. |
- Hernandez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Human-Associated Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase in the Antarctic
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - Washington, DC, United States : American Society for Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 78:6, s. 2056-2058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Escherichia coli bacteria with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) type CTX-M resistance were isolated from water samples collected close to research stations in Antarctica. The isolates had bla(CTX-M-1) and bla(CTX-M-15) genotypes and sequence types (ST) indicative of a human-associated origin. This is the first record of ESBL-producing enterobacteria from Antarctica.
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| 15. |
- Hernández, Jorge, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Human-Associated Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in the Antarctic
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 78:6, s. 2056-2058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Escherichia coli bacteria with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) type CTX-M resistance were isolated from water samples collected close to research stations in Antarctica. The isolates had blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genotypes and sequence types (ST) indicative of a human-associated origin. This is the first record of ESBL-producing enterobacteria from Antarctica.
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| 16. |
- Lindkvist, Joel, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Twin paradox with macroscopic clocks in superconducting circuits
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 90:5, s. Art. no. 052113-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose an implementation of a twin-paradox scenario in superconducting circuits, with velocities as large as a few percent of the speed of light. Ultrafast modulation of the boundary conditions for the electromagnetic field in a microwave cavity simulates a clock moving at relativistic speeds. Since our cavity has a finite length, the setup allows us to investigate the role of clock size as well as interesting quantum effects on time dilation. In particular, our theoretical results show that the time dilation increases for larger cavity lengths and is shifted due to quantum particle creation.
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| 17. |
- Ma, Yuqian, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-Wide Sequencing of Cellular microRNAs Identifies a Combinatorial Expression Signature Diagnostic of Sepsis
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Sepsis is a common cause of death in the intensive care unit with mortality up to 70% when accompanied by multiple organ dysfunction. Rapid diagnosis and the institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy and pressor support are therefore critical for survival. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes, including inflammation and immunity. Objectives: We hypothesized changes in expression of microRNAs during sepsis may be of diagnostic value in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Massively parallel sequencing of microRNAs was utilised for screening microRNA candidates. Putative microRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study includes data from both a training cohort (UK) and an independent validation cohort (Sweden). A linear discriminant statistical model was employed to construct a diagnostic microRNA signature. Results: A panel of known and novel microRNAs were detectable in the blood of patients with sepsis. After qRT-PCR validation, microRNA miR-150 and miR-4772-5p-iso were able to discriminate between patients who have systemic inflammatory response syndrome and patients with sepsis. This finding was also validated in independent cohort with an average diagnostic accuracy of 86%. Fractionating the cellular components of blood reveals miR-4772-5p-iso is expressed differentially in monocytes. Functional experiments using primary human monocytes demonstrate that it expressed in response to TLR ligation. Conclusions: Taken together, these data provide a novel microRNA signature of sepsis that should allow rapid point-of-care diagnostic assessment of patients on ICU and also provide greater insight into the pathobiology of this severe disease.
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| 18. |
- Munoz-Fuentes, Violeta, et al.
(författare)
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Stepwise colonization of the Andes by Ruddy Ducks and the evolution of novel beta-globin variants
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 22:5, s. 1231-1249
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Andean uplift played a key role in Neotropical bird diversification, yet past dispersal and genetic adaptation to high-altitude environments remain little understood. Here we use multilocus population genetics to study population history and historical demographic processes in the ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis), a stiff-tailed diving duck comprising three subspecies distributed from Canada to Tierra del Fuego and inhabiting wetlands from sea level to 4500m in the Andes. We sequenced the mitochondrial DNA, four autosomal introns and three haemoglobin genes (A, D, A) and used isolation-with-migration (IM) models to study gene flow between North America and South America, and between the tropical and southern Andes. Our analyses indicated that ruddy ducks dispersed first from North America to the tropical Andes, then from the tropical Andes to the southern Andes. While no nonsynonymous substitutions were found in either globin gene, three amino acid substitutions were observed in the A globin. Based on phylogenetic reconstruction and power analysis, the first A substitution, found in all Andean individuals, was acquired when ruddy ducks dispersed from low altitude in North America to high altitude in the tropical Andes, whereas the two additional substitutions occurred more recently, when ruddy ducks dispersed from high altitude in the tropical Andes to low altitude in the southern Andes. This stepwise colonization pattern accompanied by polarized A globin amino acid replacements suggest that ruddy ducks first acclimatized or adapted to the Andean highlands and then again to the lowlands. In addition, ruddy ducks colonized the Andean highlands via a less common route as compared to other waterbird species that colonized the Andes northwards from the southern cone of South America.
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| 19. |
- Santoro, Aurelia, et al.
(författare)
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Combating inflammaging through a Mediterranean whole diet approach : The NU-AGE project's conceptual framework and design
- 2014
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Ingår i: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - Clare, Ireland : Elsevier BV. - 0047-6374 .- 1872-6216. ; 136-137, s. 3-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of a chronic, low grade, inflammatory status named "inflammaging" is a major characteristic of ageing, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Inflammaging is both local and systemic, and a variety of organs and systems contribute inflammatory stimuli that accumulate lifelong. The NU-AGE rationale is that a one year Mediterranean whole diet (considered by UNESCO a heritage of humanity), newly designed to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly, will reduce inflammaging in fully characterized subjects aged 65-79 years of age, and will have systemic beneficial effects on health status (physical and cognitive). Before and after the dietary intervention a comprehensive set of analyses, including omics (transcriptomics, epigenetics, metabolomics and metagenomics) will be performed to identify the underpinning molecular mechanisms. NU-AGE will set up a comprehensive database as a tool for a systems biology approach to inflammaging and nutrition. NU-AGE is highly interdisciplinary, includes leading research centres in Europe on nutrition and ageing, and is complemented by EU multinational food industries and SMEs, interested in the production of functional and enriched/advanced traditional food tailored for the elderly market, and European Federations targeting policy makers and major stakeholders, from consumers to EU Food & Drink Industries.
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