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| 3. |
- Al-Shammari, Rusul M., et al.
(författare)
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Photoinduced Enhanced Raman from Lithium Niobate on Insulator Template
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 10:36, s. 30871-30878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photoinduced enhanced Raman spectroscopy from a lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI)−silver nanoparticle template is demonstrated both by irradiating the template with 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light before adding an analyte and before placing the substrate in the Raman system (substrate irradiation) and by irradiating the sample in the Raman system after adding the molecule (sample irradiation). The photoinduced enhancement enables up to an ∼sevenfold increase of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal strength of an analyte following substrate irradiation, whereas an ∼threefold enhancement above the surface-enhanced signal is obtained for sample irradiation. The photoinduced enhancement relaxes over the course of ∼10 h for a substrate irradiation duration of 150 min before returning to initial signal levels. The increase in Raman scattering intensity following UV irradiation is attributed to photoinduced charge transfer from the LNOI template to the analyte. New Raman bands are observed following UV irradiation, the appearance of which is suggestive of a photocatalytic reaction and highlight the potential of LNOI as a photoactive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate.
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| 4. |
- Al-Shammari, Rusul M., et al.
(författare)
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Single-Molecule Nonresonant Wide-Field Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from Ferroelectrically Defined Au Nanoparticle Microarrays
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2470-1343. ; 3:3, s. 3165-3172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-molecule detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful spectroscopic technique that is of interest for the sensor development field. An important aspect of optimizing the materials used in SERS-based sensors is the ability to have a high density of "hot spots" that enhance the SERS sensitivity to the single-molecule level. Photodeposition of gold (Au) nanoparticles through electric-field-directed self-assembly on a periodically proton-exchanged lithium niobate (PPELN) substrate provides conditions to form well-ordered microscale features consisting of closely packed Au nanoparticles. The resulting Au nanoparticle microstructure arrays (microarrays) are plasmon-active and support nonresonant single-molecule SERS at ultralow concentrations (<10(-9)-10(-13) M) with excitation power densities <1 x 10(-3) W cm(-2) using wide-field imaging. The microarrays offer excellent SERS reproducibility, with an intensity variation of <7.5% across the substrate. As most biomarkers and molecules do not support resonance enhancement, this work demonstrates that PPELN is a suitable template for high-sensitivity, nonresonant sensing applications.
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| 5. |
- Al-Shammari, Rusul M., et al.
(författare)
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Tunable Wettability of Ferroelectric Lithium Niobate Surfaces : The Role of Engineered Microstructure and Tailored Metallic Nanostructures
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121:12, s. 6643-6649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important aspect of optimizing micro- and optofluidic devices for lab on -a-chip systems is the ability to engineer materials properties including surface structure and charge to control wettability. Biocompatible ferroelectric lithium niobate (LN), which is well-known for acoustic and nonlinear optical applications, has recently found potential micro- and optofluidic applications. However, the tunable wettability of such substrates has yet to be explored in detail. Here, we show that the contact angle of LN substrates can be reproducibly tailored between similar to 7 degrees and similar to 421 degrees by controlling the surface topography and chemistry at the nano- and micrometer scale via ferroelectric domain and polarization engineering and polarization-directed photoassisted deposition of metallic nanostructures.
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| 6. |
- Baghban, Mohammad Amin, 1983-
(författare)
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Integrated Nanophotonic Devices in Lithium Niobate
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lithium niobate (LN) is a ferroelectric crystal offering a broad transparency spectrum, together with excellent electro-optic and nonlinear optical properties. Thanks to them, LN is setting the standard for quantum optics and telecommunications in critical applications such as ultrafast modulation and frequency conversion. The development of a reliable nanophotonic platform in LN can be expected to effectively leverage all such appealing functionalities in compact and integrated formats and provide important and complementary functionalities to current silicon-photonics platforms.This thesis encompasses systematic and consistent efforts with the goal to achieve the key building blocks for a comprehensive integrated nanophotonic platform in LN. It involves work on the technology side, sustained and complemented by modelling and experiments, ultimately leading to the demonstration of a few novel devices.Ultrahigh field confinement in nanophotonic waveguides is accompanied by the appearance of non-negligible longitudinal components in the guided optical fields. By fabricating high-quality LN nanopillars and analyzing with theory and experiments their second harmonic generation (SHG) response, we provide evidence for the existence of longitudinal field components and demonstrate the possibility to reshape the SHG polar emission properties of these submicrometric waveguides by fine-tuning the nanopillar size.This thesis also presents a different technological approach, allowing the fabrication of photonic wires as small as 250 nm with lengths up to 1 cm on LN-on-insulator (LNOI), suitable for upscaling to photonic integrated circuit (PIC) architectures. By optimizing the fabrication process, the propagation losses of single-mode waveguides at telecom wavelengths on this platform were brought down from 76 to 1.13 dB/cm. Fine-pitch waveguide structuring was also successfully achieved, enabling LNOI-to-fiber grating couplers and waveguide Bragg gratings, the latter featuring record extinction ratios in LNOI (45 dB), comparable to the state of the art in silicon.The thesis involves also theoretical work on the design of photonic wires where the interplay between LN and waveguide birefringence is used to achieve polarization-insensitive operation for the fundamental guided modes.Finally, two demonstrators are provided for novel and emerging applications of LN to the life sciences, using LNOI surface-patterned templates for enhanced Raman spectroscopy and LN templates for controlled neuron growth and manipulation in microfluidic environments, respectively.
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| 7. |
- Baghban, Mohammad Amin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Phase-Shifted Bragg Grating Resonators in Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Waveguides
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate narrowband integrated filters with 0.23 mm-long phase-shifted Bragg gratings in corrugated single-mode thin-film LiNbO3 photonic wires, achieving quality factors of 1.24x10(4) and extinction ratios up to 24 dB at telecom wavelengths.
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| 9. |
- Brambilla, E., et al.
(författare)
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Three and Four-Modes Parametric Processes in Hexagonally Poled Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
- 2018
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Ingår i: OPTICS, PHOTONICS AND LASERS. - : INT FREQUENCY SENSOR ASSOC-IFSA. ; , s. 176-178
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the properties of the field emitted through parametric down-conversion (PDC) in a nonlinear photonics crystal (NPC) with a hexagonal poling pattern, both from a theoretical point of view and with an experiment performed at the University of Insubria. Considering the high gain regime of PDC, we demonstrate the existence of concurrent PDC processes mediated by two noncollinear poling vectors which are coherently coupled and reciprocally stimulated. We find that these non-standard 3-mode and 4-mode interaction processes undergo a substantial enhancement of the parametric gain with respect to the usual 2-mode PDC, and give rise to hot spots order of magnitudes brighter than standard 2-mode fluorescence which have been observed in the source far field. We performed a complete characterization of the source spectral-angular emission, finding a very good agreement between the experiment and the theoretical predictions.
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| 10. |
- Damm, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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Protein assemblies on ferroelectrically patterned microarrays of Ag nanoparticles
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ferroelectrics (Print). - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0015-0193 .- 1563-5112. ; 515:1, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nano-bio interfaces play a significant role in assay device design and performance, here we study the use of a combined plasmonic and ferroelectric active substrate design for protein assemblies on a plasmon active array. We demonstrate that biotinylation and protein assemblies can bemade onmetal nanoparticles patterned on ferroelectric substrates. These results inturndemonstratethat ferroelectric substrates combined with active plasmonics is potentially applicable as substrates for biological assays.
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| 11. |
- Gatti, Alessandra, et al.
(författare)
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Golden ratio entanglement in hexagonally poled nonlinear crystals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 98:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work analyzes the quantum state of twin photons and twin beams generated by parametric down-conversion in a hexagonally poled photonic crystal, characterized by the simultaneous presence of two nonlinear processes sustained by two vectors of the reciprocal lattice. In those special points of the fluorescence spectrum where the two processes coexist, we show that a tripartite entangled state is realized, equivalent to a single parametric process followed by a beam splitter. By proper angle tuning, a peculiar resonance condition is reached, with a transition to a four-mode entanglement, dominated by the golden ratio of the segment phi = (1 + root 5)/2. A maximal coherence between the two nonlinear processes is established here, as the overall process is shown to be equivalent to two independent parametric processes followed by a beam splitter. We offer an interpretation of the occurrence of the golden ratio in this system based on an analogy between the evolution of the light modes and the Fibonacci sequence.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Jedrkiewicz, Ottavia, et al.
(författare)
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Golden Ratio Gain Enhancement in Coherently Coupled Parametric Processes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonlinear optical processes are an essential tool in modern optics, with a broad spectrum of applications, including signal processing, frequency conversion, spectroscopy and quantum optics. Ordinary parametric devices nevertheless still suffer from relatively low gains and wide spectral emission. Here we demonstrate a unique configuration for phase- matching multiple nonlinear processes in a monolithic 2D nonlinear photonic crystal, resulting in the coherent parametric emission of four signal and idler modes, featuring an exponential gain enhancement equal to the Golden Ratio. The results indicate a new route towards compact high- brightness and coherent sources for multi- photon generation, manipulation and entanglement, overcoming limitations of conventional parametric devices.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Neumayer, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Interface modulated currents in periodically proton exchanged Mg doped lithium niobate
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 119:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conductivity in Mg doped lithium niobate (Mg:LN) plays a key role in the reduction of photorefraction and is therefore widely exploited in optical devices. However, charge transport through Mg:LN and across interfaces such as electrodes also yields potential electronic applications in devices with switchable conductivity states. Furthermore, the introduction of proton exchanged (PE) phases in Mg:LN enhances ionic conductivity, thus providing tailorability of conduction mechanisms and functionality dependent on sample composition. To facilitate the construction and design of such multifunctional electronic devices based on periodically PE Mg:LN or similar ferroelectric semiconductors, fundamental understanding of charge transport in these materials, as well as the impact of internal and external interfaces, is essential. In order to gain insight into polarization and interface dependent conductivity due to band bending, UV illumination, and chemical reactivity, wedge shaped samples consisting of polar oriented Mg:LN and PE phases were investigated using conductive atomic force microscopy. In Mg:LN, three conductivity states (on/off/transient) were observed under UV illumination, controllable by the polarity of the sample and the externally applied electric field. Measurements of currents originating from electrochemical reactions at the metal electrode–PE phase interfaces demonstrate a memresistive and rectifying capability of the PE phase. Furthermore, internal interfaces such as domain walls and Mg:LN–PE phase boundaries were found to play a major role in the accumulation of charge carriers due to polarization gradients, which can lead to increased currents. The insight gained from these findings yield the potential for multifunctional applications such as switchable UV sensitive micro- and nanoelectronic devices and bistable memristors.
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| 16. |
- Neumayer, Sabine M., et al.
(författare)
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Surface Chemistry Controls Anomalous Ferroelectric Behavior in Lithium Niobate
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 10:34, s. 29153-29160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polarization switching in ferroelectric materials underpins a multitude of applications ranging from nonvolatile memories to data storage to ferroelectric lithography. While traditionally considered to be a functionality of the material only, basic theoretical considerations suggest that switching is expected to be intrinsically linked to changes in the electrochemical state of the surface. Hence, the properties and dynamics of the screening charges can affect or control the switching dynamics. Despite being recognized for over 50 years, analysis of these phenomena remained largely speculative. Here, we explore polarization switching on the prototypical LiNbO3 surface using the combination of contact mode Kelvin probe force microscopy and chemical imaging by time-of-flight mass-spectrometry and demonstrate pronounced chemical differences between the domains. These studies provide a consistent explanation to the anomalous polarization and surface charge behavior observed in LiNbO3 and point to new opportunities in chemical control of polarization dynamics in thin films and crystals via control of surface chemistry, complementing traditional routes via bulk doping, and substrate-induced strain and tilt systems.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Zisis, G., et al.
(författare)
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UV laser-induced poling inhibition in proton exchanged LiNbO3 crystals
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics (Print). - : Springer. - 0946-2171 .- 1432-0649. ; 123:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The applicability of the UV laser-induced poling inhibition method for ferroelectric domain engineering in proton exchanged lithium niobate planar waveguides is investigated. Our results indicate that intense UV irradiation of proton exchanged lithium niobate samples can, indeed, produce poling inhibited domains in this material under certain irradiation conditions. However, there is strong indication that the temperature gradient that is formed during UV irradiation modifies the local proton concentration leading to changes in the refractive index profile of the original planar waveguide.
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