| 1. |
- Fan, Chuan-Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic Heterogeneity of MRE11 Based on the Location of Primary Colorectal Cancer Is Caused by Activation of Different Immune Signals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2234-943X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: MRE11 plays an important role in DNA damage response for the maintenance of genome stability, and is becoming a prognostic marker for cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the correlations of MRE11 to prognosis and tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells (TIICs) in different locations of CRC remains unclear.Methods: Among Swedish and TCGA-COREAD patients, we investigated the association of MRE11 expression, tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells (TIICs) and microsatellite status with survival in right-sided colon cancer (RSCC) and left-sided colon and rectal cancer (LSCRC). The signaling of MRE11-related was further analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and ClueGO. Results: High MRE11 expression alone or combination of high MRE11 expression with high TIICs was related to favorable prognosis in LSCRC. Moreover, high MRE11 expression was associated with favorable prognosis in LSCRC with microsatellite stability. The relationships above were adjusted for tumor stage, differentiation, and/or TIICs. However, no such evidence was observed in RSCC. Several signaling pathways involving MRE11 were found to be associated with cell cycle and DNA repair in RSCC and LSCRC, whereas, the activation of the immune response and necrotic cell death were specifically correlated with LSCRC.Conclusions: High MRE11 expression is an independent prognostic marker in LSCRC and enhanced prognostic potency of combining high MRE11 with high TIICs in LSCRC, mainly due to differential immune signaling activated by MRE11 in RSCC and LSCRC, respectively.
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| 2. |
- Lu, Yingchang, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Novel Loci and New Risk Variant in Known Loci for Colorectal Cancer Risk in East Asians
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 29:2, s. 477-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Risk variants identified so far for colorectal cancer explain only a small proportion of milial risk of this cancer, particularly in Asians.Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in East Asians, cluding 23,572 colorectal cancer cases and 48,700 controls. To identify novel risk loci, we selected 60 omising risk variants for replication using data from 58,131 colorectal cancer cases and 67,347 controls European descent. To identify additional risk variants in known colorectal cancer loci, we performed nditional analyses in East Asians.Results: An indel variant, rs67052019 at 1p13.3, was found to be associated with colorectal cancer risk P = 3.9 x 10(-8) in Asians (OR per allele deletion = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.18). This sociation was replicated in European descendants using a variant (rs2938616) in complete linkage sequilibrium with rs67052019 (P = 7.7 x 10(-3)). Of the remaining 59 variants, 12 showed an association P < 0.05 in the European-ancestry study, including rs11108175 and rs9634162 at P < 5 x 10(-8) and o variants with an association near the genome-wide significance level (rs60911071, P = 5.8 x 10(-8); 62558833, P = 7.5 x 10(-8)) in the combined analyses of Asian- and European-ancestry data. In addition, ing data from East Asians, we identified 13 new risk variants at 11 loci reported from previous GWAS.Conclusions: In this large GWAS, we identified three novel risk loci and two highly suggestive loci for lorectal cancer risk and provided evidence for potential roles of multiple genes and pathways in the iology of colorectal cancer. In addition, we showed that additional risk variants exist in many colorectal ncer risk loci identified previously.Impact: Our study provides novel data to improve the understanding of the genetic basis for colorectal ncer risk.
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| 3. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 4. |
- Ning, Haoran, et al.
(författare)
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Two-Dimensional and Subnanometer-Thin Quasi-Copper-Sulfide Semiconductor Formed upon Copper-Copper Bonding
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 15:1, s. 873-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors exhibit outstanding properties, but it remains challenging to obtain monolayer-structured inorganic semiconductors naturally occurring as nonlayered crystals. Copper sulfides are a class of widely studied nonlayered metal chalcogenide semiconductors. Although 2D copper sulfides can provide extraordinary physical and chemical applications, investigations of 2D copper sulfides in the extreme quantum limit are constrained by the difficulty in preparing monolayered copper sulfides. Here, we report a subnanometer-thin quasi-copper-sulfide (q-CS) semiconductor formed upon self-assembly of copper(I)-dodecanethiol complexes. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that the existence of Cu-Cu bonding endowed the layer-structured q-CS with semiconductor properties, such as appreciable interband photoluminescence. Theoretical studies on the band structure demonstrated that the optical properties of copper-dodecanethiol assemblies were dominated by the q-CS layer and the photoluminescence originated from exciton radiative recombination across an indirect band gap, borne out by experimental observation at higher temperatures, but with the onset of a direct emission process at cryogenic temperatures. The following studies revealed that the metal-metal bonding occurred not only in copper-alkanethiolate complex assemblies with variable alkyl chain length but also in silver-alkanethiolate and cadmium-alkanethiolate assemblies. Therefore, the current studies may herald a class of 2D semiconductors with extremely thin thickness out of nonlayered metal sulfides to bridge the gap between conventional inorganic semiconductors and organic semiconductors.
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| 5. |
- Surendran, Praveen, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 52:12, s. 1314-1332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic studies of blood pressure (BP) to date have mainly analyzed common variants (minor allele frequency > 0.05). In a meta-analysis of up to similar to 1.3 million participants, we discovered 106 new BP-associated genomic regions and 87 rare (minor allele frequency <= 0.01) variant BP associations (P < 5 x 10(-8)), of which 32 were in new BP-associated loci and 55 were independent BP-associated single-nucleotide variants within known BP-associated regions. Average effects of rare variants (44% coding) were similar to 8 times larger than common variant effects and indicate potential candidate causal genes at new and known loci (for example, GATA5 and PLCB3). BP-associated variants (including rare and common) were enriched in regions of active chromatin in fetal tissues, potentially linking fetal development with BP regulation in later life. Multivariable Mendelian randomization suggested possible inverse effects of elevated systolic and diastolic BP on large artery stroke. Our study demonstrates the utility of rare-variant analyses for identifying candidate genes and the results highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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| 6. |
- Wu, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-33 is a Novel Immunosuppressor that Protects Cancer Cells from TIL Killing by a Macrophage-Mediated Shedding Mechanism
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : Wiley. - 2198-3844. ; 8:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recognition of specific antigens expressed in cancer cells is the initial process of cytolytic T cell-mediated cancer killing. However, this process can be affected by other non-cancerous cellular components in the tumor microenvironment. Here, it is shown that interleukin-33 (IL-33)-activated macrophages protect melanoma cells from tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte-mediated killing. Mechanistically, IL-33 markedly upregulates metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) expression in macrophages, which acts as a sheddase to trim NKG2D, an activating receptor expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, subsets of CD4+ T cells, iNKT cells, and gamma delta T cells. Further, MMP-9 also cleaves the MHC class I molecule, cell surface antigen-presenting complex molecules, expressed in melanoma cells. Consequently, IL-33-induced macrophage MMP-9 robustly mitigates the tumor killing-effect by T cells. Genetic and pharmacological loss-of-function of MMP-9 sheddase restore T cell-mediated cancer killing. Together, these data provide compelling in vitro and in vivo evidence showing novel mechanisms underlying the IL-33-macrophage-MMP-9 axis-mediated immune tolerance against cancer cells. Targeting each of these signaling components, including IL-33 and MMP-9 provides a new therapeutic paradigm for improving anticancer efficacy by immune therapy.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Huai, et al.
(författare)
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A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Hepatology international. - 1936-0541.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p=0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%).This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
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| 8. |
- Zhou, Weibin, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 Signaling-Mediated Vascular Permeability Alleviates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension
- 2022
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 146:24, s. 1855-1881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased expression of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) and its receptor, VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor 2), but whether and how activation of VEGF-A signal participates in the pathogenesis of PH is unclear. Methods:VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signal activation and VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular leak were investigated in lung samples from patients with PH and mice exposed to hypoxia. To study their mechanistic roles in hypoxic PH, we examined right ventricle systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vasculopathy in mutant mice carrying knock-in of phenylalanine that replaced the tyrosine at residual 949 of VEGFR2 (Vefgr2(Y949F)) and mice with conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 after chronic hypoxia exposure. Results:We show that PH leads to excessive pulmonary vascular leak in both patients and hypoxic mice, and this is because of an overactivated VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949 signaling axis. In the context of hypoxic PH, activation of Yes1 and c-Src and subsequent VE-cadherin phosphorylation in endothelial cells are involved in VEGFR2 Y949-induced vascular permeability. Abolishing VEGFR2 Y949 signaling by Vefgr2(Y949F) point mutation was sufficient to prevent pulmonary vascular permeability and inhibit macrophage infiltration and Rac1 activation in smooth muscle cells under hypoxia exposure, thereby leading to alleviated PH manifestations, including muscularization of distal pulmonary arterioles, elevated right ventricle systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It is important that we found that VEGFR2 Y949 signaling in myeloid cells including macrophages was trivial and dispensable for hypoxia-induced vascular abnormalities and PH. In contrast with selective blockage of VEGFR2 Y949 signaling, disruption of the entire VEGFR2 signaling by conditional endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 promotes the development of PH. Conclusions:Our results support the notion that VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Y949-dependent vascular permeability is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of PH and might serve as an attractive therapeutic target pathway for this disease.
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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A Precipitation Isotopic Response in 2014-2015 to Moisture Transport Changes in the Central Himalayas
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 128:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of moisture transport and sources on precipitation stable isotopes (d(18)O and d-excess) in the central Himalayas are crucial to understanding the climatic archives. However, this is still unclear due to the lack of in-situ observations. Here we present measurements of stable isotopes in precipitation at two stations (Yadong and Pali) in the central Himalayas during 2014-2015. Combined with simulations from the dispersion model FLEXPART, we investigate effects on precipitation stable isotopes related to changes in moisture sources and convections in the region, and possible influence by El Nino. Our results suggest that the moisture supplies related to evaporation over northeastern India and moisture losses related to convective activities over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Bangladesh region play important roles in changes in d(18)O and d-excess in precipitation in the Yadong Valley. Outgoing longwave radiation and moisture flux divergence analysis further confirm that the contribution from continental evaporation dominates the moisture supply in the central Himalayas with a lesser contribution from convection over the BoB during the 2015 monsoon season compared with 2014. A change in the altitude effect is observed in 2015, which is more significant than the temperature and precipitation amount effect during the observation period. These findings provide valuable insights into climatic interpretations of paleo-isotopic archives with an isotopic response to changes in moisture transport to the central Himalayas.
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| 10. |
- Burn, E., et al.
(författare)
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Deep phenotyping of 34,128 adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in an international network study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comorbid conditions appear to be common among individuals hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but estimates of prevalence vary and little is known about the prior medication use of patients. Here, we describe the characteristics of adults hospitalised with COVID-19 and compare them with influenza patients. We include 34,128 (US: 8362, South Korea: 7341, Spain: 18,425) COVID-19 patients, summarising between 4811 and 11,643 unique aggregate characteristics. COVID-19 patients have been majority male in the US and Spain, but predominantly female in South Korea. Age profiles vary across data sources. Compared to 84,585 individuals hospitalised with influenza in 2014-19, COVID-19 patients have more typically been male, younger, and with fewer comorbidities and lower medication use. While protecting groups vulnerable to influenza is likely a useful starting point in the response to COVID-19, strategies will likely need to be broadened to reflect the particular characteristics of individuals being hospitalised with COVID-19. Detailed knowledge of the characteristics of COVID-19 patients helps with public health planning. Here, the authors use routinely-collected data from seven databases in three countries to describe the characteristics of >30,000 patients admitted with COVID-19 and compare them with those admitted for influenza in previous years.
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| 11. |
- Chen, Hualong, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Observation of Photon Induced Giant Band Renormalization in 2D PdSe2 Dichalcogenide by Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Small. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 19:46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insight into fundamental light-matter interaction as well as underlying photo-physical processes is crucial for the development of novel optoelectronic devices. Palladium diselenide (PdSe2), an important representative of emerging 2D noble metal dichalcogenides, has gain considerable attention owing to its unique optical, physical, and chemical properties. In this study, 2D PdSe2 nanosheets (NSs) are prepared using the liquid-phase exfoliation method. A broadband carrier relaxation dynamics from visible to near-infrared bands are revealed using a time-resolved transient absorption spectrometer, giving results that indicate band filling and bandgap renormalization (BGR) effects in the 2D PdSe2 NSs. The observed blue-shift of the transient absorption spectra at the primary stage and the subsequent red-shift can be ascribed to this BGR effect. These findings reveal the many-body character of the 2D TMDs material and may hold keys for applications in the field of optoelectronics and ultrafast photonics.
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| 12. |
- Chen, Xuehan, et al.
(författare)
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Perspective Phosphine oxide additives for perovskite diodes and solar cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chem. - : CELL PRESS. - 2451-9308 .- 2451-9294. ; 9:3, s. 562-575
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lead halide perovskites have been considered promising semicon-ducting materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices due to their solution processability and excellent optoelectronic proper-ties. Device performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been rapidly devel-oped during the past decade. Very recently, organic molecules containing phosphine oxide groups have emerged as promising ad-ditives and passivators to improve the device performance and sta-bility of both PeLEDs and PSCs. In this perspective, we summarize recent progress in the development of new phosphine-oxide-based additives for PeLEDs and PSCs. The passivation mechanism, molecule design principle, and structure-property relationship of phosphine oxide molecules for PeLEDs and PSCs are systematically discussed and analyzed. Finally, we provide an outlook on the mo-lecular design of novel phosphine oxide compounds for efficient and stable PeLEDs and PSCs in the future.
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| 13. |
- Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Du, QQ, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of mega brown adipose tissue in adults by controlling brown adipocyte differentiation in vivo
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 119:40, s. e2203307119-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly specialized adipose tissue in its immobile location and size during the entire adulthood. In response to cold exposure and other β3-adrenoreceptor stimuli, BAT commits energy consumption by nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). However, the molecular machinery in controlling the BAT mass in adults is unknown. Here, we show our surprising findings that the BAT mass and functions can be manipulated in adult animals by controlling BAT adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFα) expressed in BAT progenitor cells served a signaling function to avert adipose progenitor differentiation. Genetic and pharmacological loss-of-function of PDGFRα eliminated the differentiation barrier and permitted progenitor cell differentiation to mature and functional BAT adipocytes. Consequently, an enlarged BAT mass (megaBAT) was created by PDGFRα inhibition owing to increases of brown adipocyte numbers. Under cold exposure, a microRNA-485 (miR-485) was identified as a master suppressor of the PDGFRα signaling, and delivery of miR-485 also produced megaBAT in adult animals. Noticeably, megaBAT markedly improved global metabolism, insulin sensitivity, high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and diabetes by enhancing NST. Together, our findings demonstrate that the adult BAT mass can be increased by blocking the previously unprecedented inhibitory signaling for BAT progenitor cell differentiation. Thus, blocking the PDGFRα for the generation of megaBAT provides an attractive strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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| 16. |
- Gao, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeography and introgression between Pinus kesiya and Pinus yunnanensis in Southeast Asia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Systematics and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1674-4918 .- 1759-6831. ; 62:1, s. 120-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Southeast Asia (SEA) has seen strong climatic oscillations and fluctuations in sea levels during the Quaternary. The impact of past climate changes on the evolution and distribution of local flora in SEA is still poorly understood. Here we aim to infer how the Quaternary climate change affects the evolutionary process and range shifts in two pine species. We investigated the population genetic structure and diversity using cytoplasmic DNA markers, and performed ecological niche modeling to reconstruct the species past distribution and to project range shift under future climates. We found substantial gene flow across the continuous distribution of the subtropical Pinus yunnanensis. In contrast, the tropical Pinus kesiya showed a strong population structure in accordance with its disjunct distribution across montane islands in Indochina and the Philippines. A broad hybrid zone of the two species occurs in southern Yunnan. Asymmetric introgression from the two species was detected in this zone with dominant mitochondrial gene flow from P. yunnanensis and chloroplast gene flow from P. kesiya. The observed population structure suggests a typical postglaciation expansion in P. yunnanensis, and a glacial expansion and interglacial contraction in P. kesiya. Ecological niche modeling supports the inferred demographic history and predicts a decrease in range size for P. kesiya under future climates. Our results suggest that tropical pine species in SEA have undergone evolutionary trajectories different from high latitude species related to their Quaternary climate histories. We also illustrate the need for urgent conservation actions in this fragmented landscape.
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| 17. |
- Gao, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of Cytochrome P4501 Genes by Various Inducers in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Coastal Research. - : COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION. - 0749-0208 .- 1551-5036. ; 37:1, s. 143-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Juvenile rainbow trout is widely found in various aquatic systems, such as freshwater, coastal, and marine habitats all over the world. Expression patterns of the cytochrome P4501 (CYP1) genes exposed to various stressors in such fish could be informative and useful in biomonitoring. In the present study, the induction of CYP1 in rainbow trout by indigo, humic acid (HA), and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was studied through a 12-hour exposure experiment by using rainbow trout as an experimental object. First, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity and CYP1 expression levels in fish exposed to different concentrations of indigo were analyzed. The EROD activities in fish gills were greatly affected by the concentration of indigo (1, 18, 50, and 80 nM). The expression level of CYP1A1 and CYP1A3 in gills was higher compared with CYP1B1 and CYP1Cs. Second, the gill EROD activity and CYP1 mRNA expressions levels were compared when induced by indigo, HA, and BaP at the same concentration (1 nM). Results indicated that rainbow trout were sensitive to all three inducers. Among them, the HA affected CYP1A1 and CYP1A3 most obviously. CYP1A, as an important biomarker, was more sensitive than CYP1B and CYP1C to those inducers. The observed effects of the different CYP1 inducers could provide a useful tool for monitoring of AhR-active pollutants in the aquatic environment.
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| 18. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Anchoring the ethylene-forming enzyme to photosystem-related proteins to improve ethylene production in engineered Synechocystis PCC 6803
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2589-014X. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethylene production in engineered cyanobacteria offers a sustainable alternative to the traditional production from fossil resources. Protein fusions and anchoring strategies are promising routes to augment the stability of recombinant proteins. Here we attempted to anchor the ethylene-forming enzyme (Efe) to several photosystemrelated proteins (including D1, PetF, and PsaE) in order to improve the ethylene producing capability in engineered cells of Synechocystis PCC 6803. Generated strains harboring fused Efe with D1 or PetF showed respectively 1.6- and 1.5-fold increase in ethylene production compared to a control strain harboring only Efe. Additionally, strains co-expressing a non-fused Efe with PsaE or PetF showed respectively 3.5- and 3.1-fold increase in ethylene production compared to the control strain. This work demonstrates the feasibility to incorporate (anchor or co-express) target enzyme(s) with specific photosystem components for facilitating highly efficient production of bulk chemicals in engineered cyanobacteria.
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| 19. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Biotechnological Production of the Sunscreen Pigment Scytonemin in Cyanobacteria : Progress and Strategy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Marine Drugs. - : MDPI. - 1660-3397. ; 19:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scytonemin is a promising UV-screen and antioxidant small molecule with commercial value in cosmetics and medicine. It is solely biosynthesized in some cyanobacteria. Recently, its biosynthesis mechanism has been elucidated in the model cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102. The direct precursors for scytonemin biosynthesis are tryptophan and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, which are generated through the shikimate and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway. More upstream substrates are the central carbon metabolism intermediates phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate. Thus, it is a long route to synthesize scytonemin from the fixed atmospheric CO2 in cyanobacteria. Metabolic engineering has risen as an important biotechnological means for achieving sustainable high-efficiency and high-yield target metabolites. In this review, we summarized the biochemical properties of this molecule, its biosynthetic gene clusters and transcriptional regulations, the associated carbon flux-driving progresses, and the host selection and biosynthetic strategies, with the aim to expand our understanding on engineering suitable cyanobacteria for cost-effective production of scytonemin in future practices.
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| 20. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Cold adaptation in drylands: transcriptomic insights into cold-stressed Nostoc flagelliforme and characterization of a hypothetical gene with cold and nitrogen stress tolerance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2920 .- 1462-2912. ; 23:2, s. 713-727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental stressors, especially low temperature, are very common on the earth's dryland systems. Terrestrial cyanobacteria have evolved with cold adaptability in addition to extreme dryness and high irradiation resistance. The dryland soil surface-dwelling species, Nostoc flagelliforme, serves as a potential model organism to gain insights into cyanobacterial cold adaptation. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of N. flagelliforme samples in response to low temperature. The results revealed that the biological processes, such as terpenoid biosynthetic process, oxidoreductase activity, carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, lipid and nitrogen metabolism, were significantly and dynamically changed during the cold stress. It was noteworthy that the transcription of the denitrification pathway for ammonia accumulation was enhanced, implying an importance for nitrogen utilization in stress resistance. In addition, characterization of a cold-responsive hypothetical gene csrnf1 found that it could greatly improve the cold-resistant performance of cells when it was heterologously expressed in transgenic Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. It was also found that csrnf1 transgenic strain exhibited resistance to nitrogen-deficient environmental stress. Considering that dryland cyanobacteria have to cope with low temperature on infertile soils, this study would enrich our understanding on the importance of multifunction of the genes for environmental cold adaptation in drylands.
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| 21. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Planting Age Identification and Yield Prediction of Apple Orchard Using Time-Series Spectral Endmember and Logistic Growth Model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 15:3, s. 642-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to significant shifts in dietary and lifestyle preferences, the global demand for fruits has increased dramatically, especially for apples, which are consumed worldwide. Growing apple orchards of more productive and higher quality with limited land resources is the way forward. Precise planting age identification and yield prediction are indispensable for the apple market in terms of sustainable supply, price regulation, and planting management. The planting age of apple trees significantly determines productivity, quality, and yield. Therefore, we integrated the time-series spectral endmember and logistic growth model (LGM) to accurately identify the planting age of apple orchard, and we conducted planting age-driven yield prediction using a neural network model. Firstly, we fitted the time-series spectral endmember of green photosynthetic vegetation (GV) with the LGM. By using the four-points method, the environmental carrying capacity (ECC) in the LGM was available, which serves as a crucial parameter to determine the planting age. Secondly, we combined annual planting age with historical apple yield to train the back propagation (BP) neural network model and obtained the predicted apple yields for 12 counties. The results show that the LGM method can accurately estimate the orchard planting age, with Mean Absolute Error (MAE) being 1.76 and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) being 2.24. The strong correlation between orchard planting age and apple yield was proved. The results of planting age-driven yield prediction have high accuracy, with the MAE up to 2.95% and the RMSE up to 3.71%. This study provides a novel method to accurately estimate apple orchard planting age and yields, which can support policy formulation and orchard planning in the future.
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| 22. |
- Gao, Yunfei, et al.
(författare)
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Aging in place in rural Northeast China: A mixed methods examination of the influence of social capital on mental well-being in middle and late adulthood
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health. - 2296-2565. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rural development strategy in contemporary China has evolved from focusing solely on “absolute poverty alleviation” to addressing multiple dimensions, including “targeting relative poverty and revitalizing the entire rural area.” Using a mixed-methods approach, our study aimed to examine whether and how social capital, particularly social support and social trust, influences the mental well-being of middle-aged and older people aging in place in a remote rural Northeast area of China, exploring three constructs: life purpose, self-actualization, and capability. Our quantitative findings revealed that higher levels of social support and social trust were positively related to higher levels of life purpose. Increased social support was positively related to increased life purpose through increased social trust. However, the associations between social support, social trust, and the constructs of self-actualization and capability were not substantiated after controlling for covariates. Our interview data illuminated how middle-aged and older people perceived the interplay between social support, social trust, and mental well-being.
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| 23. |
- Gao, Yun, et al.
(författare)
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Region separation type bio-photoelectrode based all-solid-state self-powered aptasensor for ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 detection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are two highly toxic and naturally coexistence mycotoxins, which have posed a serious threat to food safety. The coexistence of these two mycotoxins can produce significant synergistic effects, so it is necessary to establish an effective analytical method. In this work, a dual biophotoelectrode based all-solid-state multiplexed self-powered aptasensor was realized for high-throughput analysis of OTA and AFB1. There was a large Fermi level difference between photoanode and photocathode, which ensured the light assisted self-driving of the system. Due to the regional immobilization of aptamers, it could save the dosage of recognition elements, reduce the preparation cost and simplify the operation procedure. Meanwhile, construction strategy of spatial separation could effectively eliminate the overlapping signals and cross interference between targets, achieving the results more accurate and the calculation more convenient. The constructed aptasensor realized OTA and AFB1 detection in corn samples with practicality, good stability, antiinterference ability and repeatability. Therefore, this work not only achieved the high-throughput analysis of mycotoxins, but also provided a new perspective for the construction of all-solid-state multiplexed self-powered sensor.
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| 24. |
- Han, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of N-glycoproteins of knee cartilage from adult osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease based on quantitative glycoproteomics, compared with normal control cartilage
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 11:16, s. 2513-2513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycoproteins are involved in the development of many diseases, while the type and content of N-glycoproteins in the cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA) and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) are still unclear. This research aims to identify N-glycoproteins in knee cartilage patients with OA and KBD compared with normal control (N) adults. The cartilage samples were collected from gender- and age-matched OA (n = 9), KBD (n = 9) patients, and N (n = 9) adults. Glycoproteomics and label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) obtained N-glycoproteins of KBD and OA. A total of 594 N-glycoproteins and 1146 N-glycosylation peptides were identified. The identified data were further compared and analyzed with Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI). Pairwise comparison of the glycoproteins detected in the three groups showed that integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), collagen alpha-1 (II) chain (COL2A1), collagen alpha-1 (VII) chain (COL7A1), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST-3), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4 (CHST-4), thrombospondin 2 (THBS2), bone morphogenetic protein 8A (BMP8A), tenascin-C (TNC), lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP2), and beta-glucuronidase (GUSB) were significantly differentially expressed. GO results suggested N-glycoproteins mainly belonged to protein metabolic process, single-multicellular and multicellular organism process, cell adhesion, biological adhesion, and multicellular organism development. KEGG and PPI results revealed that key N-glycoproteins were closely related to pathways for OA and KBD, such as phagosome, ECM-receptor interaction, lysosome, focal adhesion, protein digestion, and absorption. These results reflected glycoprotein expression for OA and KBD in the process of ECM degradation, material transport, cell-cell or cell-ECM interaction, and information transduction. These key significantly differentially expressed N-glycoproteins and pathways lead to the degeneration and degradation of the cartilage of OA and KBD mainly by disrupting the synthesis and catabolism of basic components of ECM and chondrocytes and interfering with the transfer of material or information. The key N-glycoproteins or pathways in this research are potential targets for pathological mechanisms and therapies of OA and KBD.
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| 25. |
- Hong, Danfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretable Hyperspectral Artificial Intelligence : When nonconvex modeling meets hyperspectral remote sensing
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2473-2397. ; 9:2, s. 52-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyperspectral (HS) imaging, also known as image spectrometry, is a landmark technique in geoscience and remote sensing (RS). In the past decade, enormous efforts have been made to process and analyze these HS products, mainly by seasoned experts. However, with an ever-growing volume of data, the bulk of costs in manpower and material resources poses new challenges for reducing the burden of manual labor and improving efficiency. For this reason, it is urgent that more intelligent and automatic approaches for various HS RS applications be developed. Machine learning (ML) tools with convex optimization have successfully undertaken the tasks of numerous artificial intelligence (AI)-related applications; however, their ability to handle complex practical problems remains limited, particularly for HS data, due to the effects of various spectral variabilities in the process of HS imaging and the complexity and redundancy of higher-dimensional HS signals. Compared to convex models, nonconvex modeling, which is capable of characterizing more complex real scenes and providing model interpretability technically and theoretically, has proven to be a feasible solution that reduces the gap between challenging HS vision tasks and currently advanced intelligent data processing models.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hou, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of indoor carbon dioxide concentrations, air temperature, and humidity with perceived air quality and sick building syndrome symptoms in Chinese homes
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 31:4, s. 1018-1028
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The indoor environment influences occupants' health. From March 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019, we continuously monitored indoor temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and CO2 concentration in bedrooms via an online system in 165 residences that covered all five climate zones of China. Meanwhile, we asked one specific occupant in each home to complete questionnaires about perceived air quality and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms at the end of each month. Higher CO2 concentration was significantly associated with a higher percentage of perceived stuffy odor and skin SBS symptoms. Higher relative humidity was associated with higher percentage of perceived moldy odor and humid air, while lower RH was associated with a higher percentage of perceived dry air. Occupants who lived in residences with high RH were less likely to have mucosal and skin SBS symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.73-0.78). However, the benefit of high humidity for perceived dry air and skin dryness symptoms is weaker if there is a high CO2 concentration level.
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| 28. |
- Hu, Jiwen, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid detection of mercury (II) ions and water content by a new rhodamine B-based fluorescent chemosensor
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rhodamine B-based sensor (RS) was designed and synthesized by a combination of the spirolacton rhodamine B (fluorophore) and multidentate chelates (ionophore) with high affinity towards Hg2+. In the presence of Hg2+, the resulting red-orange fluorescence (under UV light) and naked eye red color of IDS are supposed to be used for quantitative and qualitative measurement of Hg2+. Further fluorescent titration and analysis demonstrate that RS can selectively detect Hg2+ within 1 s with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 16 nM in acetonitrile media, meanwhile, the association constant (K-a) was calculated to be 0.32 x 10(5) M-1. More importantly, the resultant complex (RSHg) of RS and Hg2+ has also been successfully applied to detect limited water content in acetonitrile solution. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 29. |
- Huang, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in driver takeover performance and physiological responses in conditionally automated driving: Links to emotional instability
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. - 1369-8478. ; 105, s. 73-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When the automated driving system reaches its technical limit, drivers will have to take over control from the vehicle within a limited time. The drivers’ emotional instability may affect whether they can safely control the vehicle during takeover transitions. Accordingly, this paper explores the association between emotional instability and physiological responses and driver takeover performance. 42 drivers engaged in negative emotion induced by movie clips were involved in a sequence of takeover events in a driving simulator. Personality questionnaires were used to assess the driver's level of emotional instability. Their physiological data before the takeover request (TOR) and operational behavior data fragments for the takeover process were extracted. The results demonstrated that integration of subjective evaluations with electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals allows for more objective measurement of drivers’ level of emotional instability. The statistical analyses indicated that emotional instability has a significant effect on drivers’ heartbeat interval, heart rate, the frequency bands of θ(4–8 Hz), α(8–12 Hz), β(13–30 Hz), γ (30–50 Hz) and lateral takeover performance. Those findings of differences in driver physiological responses and takeover performance under emotional instability may provide additional support for the design of driver state monitoring and adaptive warning systems.
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| 30. |
- Huang, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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The correlation between drivers’ road familiarity and glance behavior using real vehicle experimental data and mathematical models
- 2024
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - 1538-957X .- 1538-9588. ; 25:5, s. 705-713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Road familiarity is an important factor affecting drivers’ visual features. Analyzing the quantitative correlation between drivers’ road familiarity and visual features in complex environment is of great help to improve driving safety. However, there are few relevant studies. This paper takes urban plane intersection as the environmental object to explore the correlation between drivers’ glance behavior and road familiarity, and conducts research on the quantitative evaluation model of road familiarity based on this correlation. Method: First, a real vehicle experiment was carried out to record the eye movement data of 24 drivers with different road familiarity. The driver’s visual field plane was divided into 10 areas of interest (AOIs) based on the driver’s perspective. Three measures, including average glance duration, number of glances, and fixation transition probabilities between AOIs at urban plane intersections, were extracted. Finally, based on the experimental results, the driver road familiarity evaluation model was constructed using the factor analysis method. Results: There are significant differences between unfamiliar and familiar drivers regarding the average glance duration toward the forward (FW) area, the left window (LW) area, the left rearview mirror (LVM) area and the left forward (LF) area, the number of glances toward the other (OT) area, and the fixation transition probabilities of LW→RF (right forward), LF→LF, LF→FW, FW→LW, FW→FW, FW→RVM (right rearview mirror). The comprehensive evaluation results show that the accuracy rate of the driver road familiarity evaluation model reached 83%. Conclusions: This paper revealed that there is a strong correlation between drivers’ road familiarity and drivers’ glance behavior. Based on this correlation, we can include road familiarity as a part of drivers’ working status and establish a high accuracy evaluation model of driver road familiarity. The conclusion of this paper can provide some reference for the humanized design and improvement of advanced driving assistance system, which is of great significance for reducing the driving workload of drivers and improving the driving safety.
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| 31. |
- Huang, Renlun, et al.
(författare)
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Research Trends and Regulation of CCL5 in Prostate Cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: OncoTargets and Therapy. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1178-6930. ; 14, s. 1417-1427
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered as the most common cancer of urologic neoplasms, and its development and prognosis are associated with many factors. Chemokine receptor signaling combine with advances in advanced clinicopathological characteristics have provided new insights into the molecular landscape of prostate cancer. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) is an important member of the CC subfamily of chemokines. The expression of chemokine CCL5 is positively correlated with poor prognostic features in patients with PCa. Current study suggested that CCL5/CCR5 axis plays a significant role in the proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance of prostate cancer cells and promotes self-renewal of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). Due to the major domination in CCL5 by prostate cancer and the high cancer-specific mortality with prostate cancer, research on the CCL5/CCR5 axis effective antagonists is widespread application. However, challenges for precision oncology of CCL5/CCR5 axis and effective antagonists in CRPC remain. Herein, we summarized the crucial role of CCL5 in promoting the development of PCa and discussed the antitumor application of the antagonists of CCL5/CCR5 axis.
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| 32. |
- Huang, Xiaofeng, et al.
(författare)
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Solvent racing crystallization : Low-solvation dispersion cosolvents for high-quality halide perovskites in photovoltaics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Joule. - : Elsevier. - 2542-4351. ; 7:7, s. 1556-1573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solvation capacity of dispersion solvents plays a crucial role in the solution processing of metal halide perovskites. For instance, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), a widely used dispersion solvent, possesses high solvation capacity but often generates suboptimal film quality due to slow crystallization kinetics. We propose using low-solvation binary cosolvents (nitrile-and ether-type solvents) to achieve a balance between solvation (i.e., sufficient solubility of precursors) and desolvation (i.e., rapid crystallization of films) pro-cesses during perovskite synthesis. The polarity and hydrogen -bonding property of these cosolvents synergistically enhance their solvation capacity, facilitating perovskite precursor dissolution. Moreover, the low-solvation cosolvents accelerate the crystalliza-tion of well-defined intermediate films, yielding higher-quality pe-rovskites than those synthesized with DMF. The optimized modules achieved an active-area efficiency of 22.27%, with a certified aper-ture-area efficiency of 16.10% and corresponding active-area effi-ciency of 20.75%. This research on solvation regulation provides universal guidelines for innovatively preparing high-quality halide perovskites.
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| 33. |
- Huo, Jingwen, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers of fluctuating embodied carbon emissions in international services trade
- 2021
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : ELSEVIER. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:9, s. 1322-1332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Service industries are generally considered "green'' because of their marginal direct emissions; however, they account for 65% of the world gross domestic product and over 20% of total global trade in 2019. Here, we quantify the evolution of carbon emissions embodied in services trade from 2010 to 2018 and identify the driving factors of emission change at the global and regional scales. The annual growth rate of embodied emissions exported from the Global South (2.0%) is double that of the Global North (1.0%), with a different trade structure. We further identify three trade patterns of service export in the Global South based on the bilateral trade partnership and annual growth rate. Three kinds of specific emission mitigation policies are proposed based on the characters of services trade and different trade structures between different regions. The results provide quantitative evidence currently lacking and critical to policy decision making.
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| 34. |
- Jiang, Jingjing, et al.
(författare)
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Sino-European Differences in the Genetic Landscape and Clinical Presentation of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are characterized by distinct genotype-phenotype relationships according to studies largely restricted to Caucasian populations.Objective: To assess for possible differences in genetic landscapes and genotype-phenotype relationships of PPGLs in Chinese versus European populations.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: 2 tertiary-care centers in China and 9 in Europe.Participants: Patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of PPGL, including 719 Chinese and 919 Europeans.Main Outcome Measures: Next-generation sequencing performed in tumor specimens with mutations confirmed by Sanger sequencing and tested in peripheral blood if available. Frequencies of mutations were examined according to tumor location and catecholamine biochemical phenotypes.Results: Among all patients, higher frequencies of HRAS, FGFR1, and EPAS1 mutations were observed in Chinese than Europeans, whereas the reverse was observed for NF1, VHL, RET, and SDHx. Among patients with apparently sporadic PPGLs, the most frequently mutated genes in Chinese were HRAS (16.5% [13.6-19.3] vs 9.8% [7.6-12.1]) and FGFR1 (9.8% [7.6-12.11 vs 2.2% [1.1-3.3]), whereas among Europeans the most frequently mutated genes were NF1 (15.9% [13.2-18.6) vs 6.6% [4.7-8.5)) and SDHx (10.7% [8.4-13.0] vs 4.2% [2.6-5.7]). Among Europeans, almost all paragangliomas lacked appreciable production of epinephrine and identified gene mutations were largely restricted to those leading to stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors. In contrast, among Chinese there was a larger proportion of epinephrine-producing paragangliomas, mostly due to HRAS and FGFR1 mutations.Conclusions: This study establishes Sino-European differences in the genetic landscape and presentation of PPGLs, including ethnic differences in genotype-phenotype relationships indicating a paradigm shift in our understanding of the biology of these tumors.
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| 35. |
- Jing, X, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 instigates adipose browning and atrophy through VEGF in small mammals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 4:12, s. 1674-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with COVID-19 frequently manifest adipose atrophy, weight loss and cachexia, which significantly contribute to poor quality of life and mortality1,2. Browning of white adipose tissue and activation of brown adipose tissue are effective processes for energy expenditure3–7; however, mechanistic and functional links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and adipose thermogenesis have not been studied. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection augments adipose browning and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), which contributes to adipose atrophy and body weight loss. In mouse and hamster models, SARS-CoV-2 infection activates brown adipose tissue and instigates a browning or beige phenotype of white adipose tissues, including augmented NST. This browning phenotype was also observed in post-mortem adipose tissue of four patients who died of COVID-19. Mechanistically, high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the adipose tissue induces adipose browning through vasculature–adipocyte interaction. Inhibition of VEGF blocks COVID-19-induced adipose tissue browning and NST and partially prevents infection-induced body weight loss. Our data suggest that the browning of adipose tissues induced by COVID-19 can contribute to adipose tissue atrophy and weight loss observed during infection. Inhibition of VEGF signaling may represent an effective approach for preventing and treating COVID-19-associated weight loss.
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| 36. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 37. |
- Lei, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomic analysis of knee cartilage reveals potential signaling pathways in pathological mechanism of Kashin-Beck disease compared with osteoarthritis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathological mechanism of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an endemic osteoarthritic disease, remains to be poorly understood. This study was designed to identify signaling pathways and crucial proteins involved in the pathological mechanism of KBD compared with osteoarthritis (OA). The knee cartilage samples were collected from gender- and age-matched KBD (n = 9) and OA (n = 9) patients. After pre-processing, samples were labeled with Tamdem Mass Tags 6plex multiplex kit, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomic results were analyzed with gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interactions (PPI). The differential abundance proteins from KBD and OA were validated using western blot analysis. As a result, A total number of 375 proteins were identified to have differential abundance between KBD and OA, of which 121 and 254 proteins were observed to be up-regulated or down-regulated in KBD group. GO analysis shows that the differential abundant proteins are associated with cell junction and signal transducer activity from extracellular to intracellular. KEGG pathways enrichment and PPI network indicate four major pathways, including extracellular matrix -receptor interaction, focal adhesion, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Protein kinase B (Akt), and Ras signaling pathways were involved in the degeneration of cartilage. Moreover, integrins, laminins, NF-κB and other regulative molecules were found as crucial proteins. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that compared with OA, the differential abundance proteins and signaling pathways may contribute to the occurrence and development of joint damage in KBD. Further investigation of their regulative roles and interaction may provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets for KBD.
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| 38. |
- Li, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Non-fullerene acceptors with branched side chains and improved molecular packing to exceed 18% efficiency in organic solar cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : NATURE RESEARCH. - 2058-7546.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular design of acceptor and donor molecules has enabled major progress in organic photovoltaics. Li et al. show that branched alkyl chains in non-fullerene acceptors allow favourable morphology in the active layer, enabling a certified device efficiency of 17.9%. Molecular design of non-fullerene acceptors is of vital importance for high-efficiency organic solar cells. The branched alkyl chain modification is often regarded as a counter-intuitive approach, as it may introduce an undesirable steric hindrance that reduces charge transport in non-fullerene acceptors. Here we show the design and synthesis of a highly efficient non-fullerene acceptor family by substituting the beta position of the thiophene unit on a Y6-based dithienothiophen[3,2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole core with branched alkyl chains. It was found that such a modification to a different alkyl chain length could completely change the molecular packing behaviour of non-fullerene acceptors, leading to improved structural order and charge transport in thin films. An unprecedented efficiency of 18.32% (certified value of 17.9%) with a fill factor of 81.5% is achieved for single-junction organic solar cells. This work reveals the importance of the branched alkyl chain topology in tuning the molecular packing and blend morphology, which leads to improved organic photovoltaic performance.
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| 39. |
- Li, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Coating of Phosphide Catalysts on p-Silicon by a Necking Strategy for Improved Photoelectrochemical Characteristics in Alkaline Media
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:17, s. 20185-20193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The methodology of coating electrocatalysts on semiconductor substrates is critical for the catalytic performance of photoelectrochemical electrodes. A weakly bound coating leads to orders of magnitude lower efficiency and reliability compared to those required to meet the commercial demand. Herein, a facile strategy based on the hydrolysis of TiCl4 is developed to solve the coating issue. Mesoporous tungsten phosphide (WP) particles were spin-coated and affixed onto TiO2-protected planar p-Si by the formation of a TiO2 necking layer between the catalyst particles and the substrates. Under 1 sun illumination, the as-prepared WP/TiO2/Si photocathode yields a saturated current density of -35 mA cm(-2) and a durability of over 110 h with a current density over -15 mA cm(-2) at 0 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode in a 1.0 M KOH solution, which is among the state-of-the-art performances of commercial planar Si-based photocathodes. The Kelvin probe force microscopy results suggest the successive transfer of photoelectrons from Si to TiO2 and WP. The as-formed TiO2 necking layer plays the key role in ensuring the surface catalytic activity and durability. This necking strategy is also applicable for coating other transition-metal phosphides, for example, MoP and FeP, thus offering a practical approach to meet the commercial requirement of low-cost, highly efficient, and durable photoelectrodes.
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| 40. |
- Li, Junjie, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Dry Selective Isotropic Atomic Layer Etching of SiGe for Manufacturing Vertical Nanowire Array with Diameter Less than 20 nm
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductor nanowires have great application prospects in field effect transistors and sensors. In this study, the process and challenges of manufacturing vertical SiGe/Si nanowire array by using the conventional lithography and novel dry atomic layer etching technology. The final results demonstrate that vertical nanowires with a diameter less than 20 nm can be obtained. The diameter of nanowires is adjustable with an accuracy error less than 0.3 nm. This technology provides a new way for advanced 3D transistors and sensors.
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| 41. |
- Li, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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An advanced control strategy for engine thermal management systems with large pure time delay
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stable and precise temperature control can effectively improve the engines fuel consumption and emissions. An advanced engine thermal management system (AETMS) composed of electric actuators has great potential in increasing the temperature tracking control accuracy and decreasing the system energy consumption. Time -varying disturbance and pure time delay in the system make it challenging to harmoniously control multiple actuators to ensure efficient temperature tracking performance. In addition, a reasonable power distribution of the actuators is beneficial to reduce the parasitic energy consumption of the system and further improve the system efficiency. In this article, an adaptive optimization control strategy consisting of a state predictor, a disturbance estimator, an energy consumption optimization block and a state tracking controller is proposed for the temperature tracking and energy consumption optimization of AETMS. Experimental verification was performed on a range extender bench of an extended-range electric vehicle, and the results show that the system achieves high-precision temperature control and energy consumption near the theoretical optimal value under changing working conditions. The temperature steady-state error is within 0.3 oC, and the temperature adjustment time is within 100 s after the first overshoot.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Ma, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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Deep Learning for Track Quality Evaluation of High-Speed Railway Based on Vehicle-Body Vibration Prediction
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 185099-185107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Track quality evaluation is fundamental for track maintenance. Around the world, track geometry standards are established to evaluate track quality. However, these standards may not be capable of detecting some abnormal track geometry conditions that can cause considerable vehicle-body vibration. And people gradually realized that track quality evaluation should be based not only on track geometry but also on vehicle performance. Vehicle-body vibration prediction is beneficial for locating potential track geometry defects, and the predicted accelerations can be used as an auxiliary index for assessing track quality. For this purpose, this paper gives a method to predict vehicle-body vibration based on deep learning, which represents one of the newest areas in artificial intelligence. By integrating convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), a CNN-LSTM model is proposed to make accurate and point-wise prediction. To achieve the optimal performance and explore the internal mechanism of the model, structural configurations and inner states are extensively studied. CNN-LSTM can take advantage of the powerful feature extraction capacity of CNN and LSTM, and outperforms the fully-connected neural network and the plain LSTM on the experimental data of a high-speed railway. In detail, CNN-LSTM has superior performance in predicting vertical vehicle-body vibration below 10 Hz and lateral vehicle-body vibration below 1 Hz. Moreover, analysis shows that the predicted vehicle-body acceleration can act as a performance-based evaluation index of track quality.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Neo, SY, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor MHC class I expression alters cancer-associated myelopoiesis driven by host NK cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer. - : BMJ. - 2051-1426. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Downregulation of MHC class I (MHCI) molecules on tumor cells is recognized as a resistance mechanism of cancer immunotherapy. Given that MHCI molecules are potent regulators of immune responses, we postulated that the expression of MHCI by tumor cells influences systemic immune responses. Accordingly, mice-bearing MHCI-deficient tumor cells showed reduced tumor-associated extramedullary myelopoiesis in the spleen. Depletion of natural killer (NK) cells abrogated these differences, suggesting an integral role of immune-regulatory NK cells during tumor progression. Cytokine-profiling revealed an upregulation of TNF-α by NK cells in tumors and spleen in mice-bearing MHCI expressing tumors, and inhibition of TNF-α enhanced host myelopoiesis in mice receiving adoptive transfer of tumor-experienced NK cells. Our study highlights a critical role of NK cells beyond its identity as a killer lymphocyte and more importantly, the potential host responses to a localized tumor as determined by its MHCI expression.
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| 48. |
- Potapov, Anton M., et al.
(författare)
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Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.
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| 49. |
- Potapov, Anton M., et al.
(författare)
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Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning.
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| 50. |
- Qiu, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced gut microbiota delivery of a model probiotic (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) : Layer-by-layer encapsulation using riboflavin-conjugated sodium alginate and glycol chitosan
- 2024
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Elsevier. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) exhibits a variety of biological functions that make it suitable for use as a next-generation probiotic. However, its high sensitivity to oxygen and digestive fluids currently limits its application. Riboflavin is known to support the growth of F. prausnitzii in oxygen environments, but it is important that it is in close proximity to the probiotics. Layer-by-layer assembly can be used to form protective coatings around probiotics, which can protect them from adverse environmental conditions. Moreover, riboflavin can be conjugated to these coatings, thereby increasing its efficacy by bringing it close to probiotic surfaces. In this study, we therefore evaluated the potential of electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly to protect F. prausnitzii by coating them with riboflavin-alginate and glycol-chitosan layers. Initially, we showed that riboflavin could be successfully conjugated to alginate, with a grafting ratio of around 4.35%. Then, the layer-by-layer method was used to coat F. prausnitzii using cationic glycol chitosan and anionic riboflavin-alginate. The coating formed was found to have a thickness of approximately 18.5 nm. Encapsulation did not adversely affect the growth of F. prausnitzii, but it significantly enhanced its resistance to oxygen and digestive fluids. The encapsulated probiotic was shown to have enhanced mucoadhesive properties using an in vitro intestinal monolayer model. Furthermore, the encapsulated probiotics colonized the colons of rats for longer than nonencapsulated ones. These results show that coating F. prausnitzii with riboflavin-rich biopolymer layers improves its resistance to oxygen and digestive fluids, and enhances its mucoadhesion and colonization properties, which should enhance its potential as an orally administered probiotic.
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