| 1. |
- Bunse, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Response of marine bacterioplankton pH homeostasis gene expression to elevated CO2
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 6:5, s. 483-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-induced ocean acidification impacts marine life. Marine bacteria are major drivers of biogeochemical nutrient cycles and energy fluxes1; hence, understanding their performance under projected climate change scenarios is crucial for assessing ecosystem functioning. Whereas genetic and physiological responses of phytoplankton to ocean acidification are being disentangled2, 3, 4, corresponding functional responses of bacterioplankton to pH reduction from elevated CO2 are essentially unknown. Here we show, from metatranscriptome analyses of a phytoplankton bloom mesocosm experiment, that marine bacteria responded to lowered pH by enhancing the expression of genes encoding proton pumps, such as respiration complexes, proteorhodopsin and membrane transporters. Moreover, taxonomic transcript analysis showed that distinct bacterial groups expressed different pH homeostasis genes in response to elevated CO2. These responses were substantial for numerous pH homeostasis genes under low-chlorophyll conditions (chlorophyll a <2.5 μg l−1); however, the changes in gene expression under high-chlorophyll conditions (chlorophyll a >20 μg l−1) were low. Given that proton expulsion through pH homeostasis mechanisms is energetically costly, these findings suggest that bacterioplankton adaptation to ocean acidification could have long-term effects on the economy of ocean ecosystems.
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| 2. |
- Villarino, Ernesto, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale ocean connectivity and planktonic body size
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global patterns of planktonic diversity are mainly determined by the dispersal of propagules with ocean currents. However, the role that abundance and body size play in determining spatial patterns of diversity remains unclear. Here we analyse spatial community structure - beta-diversity - for several planktonic and nektonic organisms from prokaryotes to small mesopelagic fishes collected during the Malaspina 2010 Expedition. beta-diversity was compared to surface ocean transit times derived from a global circulation model, revealing a significant negative relationship that is stronger than environmental differences. Estimated dispersal scales for different groups show a negative correlation with body size, where less abundant large-bodied communities have significantly shorter dispersal scales and larger species spatial turnover rates than more abundant small-bodied plankton. Our results confirm that the dispersal scale of planktonic and micro-nektonic organisms is determined by local abundance, which scales with body size, ultimately setting global spatial patterns of diversity.
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| 3. |
- Morán, Xosé Anxelu G., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature regulation of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes increases latitudinally as a breach between bottom-up and top-down controls
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 23:9, s. 3956-3964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Planktonic heterotrophic prokaryotes make up the largest living biomass and process most organic matter in the ocean. Determining when and where the biomass and activity of heterotrophic prokaryotes are controlled by resource availability (bottom-up), predation and viral lysis (top-down) or temperature will help in future carbon cycling predictions. We conducted an extensive survey across subtropical and tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans during the Malaspina 2010 Global Circumnavigation Expedition and assessed indices for these three types of controls at 109 stations (mostly from the surface to 4,000 m depth). Temperature control was approached by the apparent activation energy in eV (ranging from 0.46 to 3.41), bottom-up control by the slope of the log-log relationship between biomass and production rate (ranging from -0.12 to 1.09) and top-down control by an index that considers the relative abundances of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and viruses (ranging from 0.82 to 4.83). We conclude that temperature becomes dominant (i.e. activation energy >1.5 eV) within a narrow window of intermediate values of bottom-up (0.3-0.6) and top-down 0.8-1.2) controls. A pervasive latitudinal pattern of decreasing temperature regulation towards the Equator, regardless of the oceanic basin, suggests that the impact of global warming on marine microbes and their biogeochemical function will be more intense at higher latitudes. Our analysis predicts that 1 degrees C ocean warming will result in increased biomass of heterotrophic prokaryoplankton only in waters with <26 degrees C of mean annual surface temperature.
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| 4. |
- Aparicio, Fran L., et al.
(författare)
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Eutrophication and acidification : Do they induce changes in the dissolved organic matter dynamics in the coastal Mediterranean Sea?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 563, s. 179-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two mesocosms experiments were conducted in winter 2010 and summer 2011 to examine how increased pCO(2) and/or nutrient concentrations potentially perturbate dissolved organic matter dynamics in natural microbial assemblages. The fluorescence signals of protein-and humic-like compounds were used as a proxy for labile and non-labile material, respectively, while the evolution of bacterial populations, chlorophyll a (Chl a) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were used as a proxy for biological activity. For both seasons, the presence of elevated pCO(2) did not cause any significant change in the DOC dynamics (p-value < 0.05). The conditions that showed the greatest changes in prokaryote abundances and Chl a content were those amended with nutrients, regardless of the change in pH. The temporal evolution of fluorophores and optical indices revealed that the degree of humification of the organic molecules and their molecular weight changed significantly in the nutrient-amended treatment. The generation of protein-like compounds was paired to increases in the prokaryote abundance, being higher in the nutrient-amended tanks than in the control. Different patterns in the magnitude and direction of the generation of humic-like molecules suggested that these changes depended on initial microbial populations and the availability of extra nutrient inputs. Based on our results, it is expected that in the future projected coastal scenarios the eutrophication processes will favor the transformations of labile and recalcitrant carbon regardless of changes in pCO(2). (c) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 5. |
- Baltar, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Marine bacterial community structure resilience to changes in protist predation under phytoplankton bloom conditions
- 2016
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Ingår i: The ISME Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-7362 .- 1751-7370. ; 10:3, s. 568-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To test whether protist grazing selectively affects the composition of aquatic bacterial communities, we combined high-throughput sequencing to determine bacterial community composition with analyses of grazing rates, protist and bacterial abundances and bacterial cell sizes and physiological states in a mesocosm experiment in which nutrients were added to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. A large variability was observed in the abundances of bacteria (from 0.7 to 2.4 x 10(6) cells per ml), heterotrophic nanoflagellates (from 0.063 to 2.7 x 10(4) cells per ml) and ciliates (from 100 to 3000 cells per l) during the experiment (similar to 3-, 45- and 30-fold, respectively), as well as in bulk grazing rates (from 1 to 13 x 10(6) bacteria per ml per day) and bacterial production (from 3 to 379 mu g per Cl per day) (1 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively). However, these strong changes in predation pressure did not induce comparable responses in bacterial community composition, indicating that bacterial community structure was resilient to changes in protist predation pressure. Overall, our results indicate that peaks in protist predation (at least those associated with phytoplankton blooms) do not necessarily trigger substantial changes in the composition of coastal marine bacterioplankton communities.
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| 6. |
- Baltar, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Response of rare, common and abundant bacterioplankton to anthropogenic perturbations in a Mediterranean coastal site
- 2015
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 91:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterioplankton communities are made up of a small set of abundant taxa and a large number of low-abundant organisms (i.e. 'rare biosphere'). Despite the critical role played by bacteria in marine ecosystems, it remains unknown how this large diversity of organisms are affected by human-induced perturbations, or what controls the responsiveness of rare compared to abundant bacteria. We studied the response of a Mediterranean bacterioplankton community to two anthropogenic perturbations (i.e. nutrient enrichment and/or acidification) in two mesocosm experiments (in winter and summer). Nutrient enrichment increased the relative abundance of some operational taxonomic units (OTUs), e.g. Polaribacter, Tenacibaculum, Rhodobacteraceae and caused a relative decrease in others (e.g. Croceibacter). Interestingly, a synergistic effect of acidification and nutrient enrichment was observed on specific OTUs (e.g. SAR86). We analyzed the OTUs that became abundant at the end of the experiments and whether they belonged to the rare (<0.1% of relative abundance), the common (0.1-1.0% of relative abundance) or the abundant (>1% relative abundance) fractions. Most of the abundant OTUs at the end of the experiments were abundant, or at least common, in the original community of both experiments, suggesting that ecosystem alterations do not necessarily call for rare members to grow.
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| 7. |
- Vikström, Kevin, 1988-
(författare)
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Importance of bacterial maintenance respiration and baseline respiration for development of coastal hypoxia
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reduced oxygen concentrations and increasing hypoxic zones havebecome more common in the sea due to climate change andeutrophication. The main cause of oxygen loss in oxygenatedenvironments is respiration. Respiration rates can be estimated usingoptode methodologies which utilize dynamic luminescence quenching toestimate the oxygen concentration declines in dark incubations. Apublished optode methodology was improved by using optodes withtitanium housing instead of plastic housing plausibly trapping oxygen.Drift was highly reduced by the titanium casings leading to a higherprecision and lower detection limit of 0.97 mmol O2 m-3 d-1. 28% ofmeasurements were shown to have non-linear oxygen concentrationdeclines. The rate of oxygen change was derived with a 2nd degreepolynomial at 1 hour from the incubation start. The majority of non-lineardeclines were concave and due to carbon substrate limitation. Analyzingnon-linear trends linearly, a common practice, leads to anunderestimation of respiration by up to 64%.Bacterial maintenance respiration (Rm) was studied using anecophysiological model unverified in natural environments. The modelwas applicable at high productivities but a quadratic model wasdemonstrated to give a better fit. Rm was found to represent a significantpart in the sub-arctic estuary contributing to 58% of the annual specificbacterial respiration. Therefore, Rm may be more important in nature thanpreviously recognized. The ecophysiological model is driven solely by thebacterial specific growth rate (μ) where the relative influence of Rm iselevated as μ decreases. As a consequence, I hypothesize that a reductionin nutrients may not decrease the oxygen consumption but rather shiftbacterial growth based respiration to Rm as μ approaches zero.Baseline respiration (Rbl), defined as ecosystem respiration disconnectedfrom contemporary primary produced carbon, was also studied. Rbl wasshown to be largely supplied by allochthonous carbon in a coastalecosystem and had a contribution of 50% to the annual planktoncommunity respiration in the sub-arctic estuary studied. I claim that Rbland Rm are crucial to include for understanding and managingdevelopment of aquatic hypoxia in an effective and economic manner.
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| 8. |
- Vila-Costa, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial consumption of organophosphate esters in seawater under phosphorus limited conditions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The anthropogenic perturbation of the phosphorus (P) marine biogeochemical cycle due to synthetic organophosphorus compounds remains unexplored. The objective of this work was to investigate the microbial degradation of organophosphate triesters (OPEs), widely used as plasticizers and flame retardants, in seawater and their effects on the physiology and composition of microbial communities. Experiments were performed in July 2014 using surface seawater from the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (NW Mediterranean) to which OPEs were added at environmentally relevant concentrations. The concentrations of OPEs in the dissolved-phase generally decreased after 24 hours of incubation at in situ conditions. The fitted first order reaction constants were significantly different than zero for the trihaloalkyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and trialyl phosphate tricresyl phosphate. In general, OPEs triggered an increase of the percentage of actively respiring bacteria, total bacterial activity, and the number of low-nucleic acid bacteria, and a decrease in the percentage of membrane-compromised bacteria. Members of some bacterial groups, in particular Flavobacteria, increased their specific activity, indicating that seawater contains bacteria with the potential to degrade OPEs. In aged seawater that was presumably depleted of labile dissolved organic carbon and inorganic P, alkaline phosphatase activities significantly decreased when OPEs were added, indicating a relief on P stress, consistent with the role of OPEs as potential P sources.
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