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- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Shein, K.A., et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2005
- 2006
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Ingår i: Bulletin of American Meteorological Society. ; 87:6, s. 1-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Wurst, FM, et al.
(författare)
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World Health Organization/International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism study on state and trait markers of alcohol use and dependence: Back to the future
- 2005
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Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - 0145-6008. ; 29:7, s. 1268-1275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article summarizes content proceedings of a symposium held at the 2004 International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism Congress in Mannheim, Germany. The chairs were Boris Tabakoff and Friedrich M. Wurst. The presentations were (1) Genetic associations with alcoholism and affective disorders, by Paula Hoffman; (2) Proteomic analysis of blood constituents in alcoholism, by Boris Tabakoff; (3) Contrasts between the responses of GGT and CDT to high alcohol intake, and a test of their combined use, by John Whitfield; (4) Direct ethanol metabolites such as ethyl glucuronide, fatty acid ethyl esters, phosphatidylethanol and ethyl sulfate: a new line of sensitive and specific biomarkers, by Friedrich Martin Wurst; and (5) Genetic studies of alcoholism subtypes in a Han Taiwanese population, by Ru-Band Lu.
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- Eriksson, Hanna M., et al.
(författare)
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Massive formation of intracellular membrane vesicles in Escherichia coli by a monotopic membrane-bound lipid glycosyltransferase
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 284:49, s. 33904-33914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphology and curvature of biological bilayers are determined by the packing shapes and interactions of their participant molecules. Bacteria, except photosynthetic groups, usually lack intracellular membrane organelles. Strong overexpression in Escherichia coli of a foreign monotopic glycosyltransferase (named monoglycosyldiacylglycerol synthase), synthesizing a nonbilayer-prone glucolipid, induced massive formation of membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm. Vesicle assemblies were visualized in cytoplasmic zones by fluorescence microscopy. These have a very low buoyant density, substantially different from inner membranes, with a lipid content of > or = 60% (w/w). Cryo-transmission electron microscopy revealed cells to be filled with membrane vesicles of various sizes and shapes, which when released were mostly spherical (diameter approximately 100 nm). The protein repertoire was similar in vesicle and inner membranes and dominated by the glycosyltransferase. Membrane polar lipid composition was similar too, including the foreign glucolipid. A related glycosyltransferase and an inactive monoglycosyldiacylglycerol synthase mutant also yielded membrane vesicles, but without glucolipid synthesis, strongly indicating that vesiculation is induced by the protein itself. The high capacity for membrane vesicle formation seems inherent in the glycosyltransferase structure, and it depends on the following: (i) lateral expansion of the inner monolayer by interface binding of many molecules; (ii) membrane expansion through stimulation of phospholipid synthesis, by electrostatic binding and sequestration of anionic lipids; (iii) bilayer bending by the packing shape of excess nonbilayer-prone phospholipid or glucolipid; and (iv) potentially also the shape or penetration profile of the glycosyltransferase binding surface. These features seem to apply to several other proteins able to achieve an analogous membrane expansion.
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- Hildahl, Jon, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GROWTH HORMONE – INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I SYSTEM DURING ATLANTIC HALIBUT METAMORPHOSIS
- 2006
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Ingår i: 7th International Congress on the Biology of Fish, Book of Abstracts.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The GH-IGF-I system is critical for proper growth and development in fish and thus is likely to play a role in the control of flatfish metamorphosis.. In order to characterize the role of GH and IGF-I in Atlantic halibut development, hormonal content (GH and IGF-I RIA) and receptor gene expression (GHR and IGF-IR QPCR) was assessed during normal and abnormal metamorphosis GH larval head content increases throughout normal metamorphosis in parallel with larval weight. The full-length GH receptor (hhGHRfl) mRNA and IGF-I protein levels change in parallel and in a stage-specific manner, with an increase at the onset of metamorphosis followed by down-regulation. Two isoforms of the IGF-I receptor are regulated differently; isoform one (hhIGF-IR1) mRNA increases from pre-metamorphosis to the post-metamorphic juvenile stage, while isoform 2 (hhIGF-IR2) mRNA is highest at early pre-metamorphosis and decreases prior to the onset of metamorphosis. In larvae experiencing arrested development, mRNA levels for hhGHRfl and hhIGF-IR1 and IGF-I larval content are depressed relative to normal individuals, whereas GH content, hhIGF-IR2 mRNA levels and weight are not changed. Increased hhGHRfl mRNA and IGF-I protein levels at the onset of metamorphosis suggest that tissue sensitivity to GH increases during metamorphosis while tissue sensitivity to IGF-I does not change. The data provide new evidence suggesting that GHR and IGF-IR levels may be of critical importance for metamorphic success in Atlantic halibut. Funded by the EU and FORMAS.
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| 30. |
- Wurst, FM, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging biomarkers: New directions and clinical applications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - 0145-6008. ; 29:3, s. 465-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article summarizes content proceedings of a symposium held at the 2004 Research Society on Alcoholism Scientific Annual Meeting in Vancouver, Canada. The chairs were Friedrich M. Wurst and Raye Litten. The presentations were (1) Introduction, by Raye Litten; (2) Direct Ethanol Metabolites-On the Threshold From Science to Routine Use, by Friedrich M. Wurst; (3) Sialic Acid Index of Plasma Apolipoprotein J (SIJ) as a Viable Marker for Chronic Alcohol Consumption, by Philippe Marmillot; (4) The Emergence of Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) Testing as a Tool in Monitoring Healthcare Professionals, by Gregory E. Skipper; (5) Application of Biomarkers for Alcohol Use Disorders in Clinical Practice, by Tim Neumann; (6) Utility of Biomarkers in Assessing the Efficacy of Medications for Treating Alcoholism, by Marty Javors; and (7) Discussion, by Raye, Litten.
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| 32. |
- Zima, T, et al.
(författare)
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Modulation of oxidative stress by alcohol
- 2005
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Ingår i: ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH. - 0145-6008. ; 29:6, s. 1060-1065
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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