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| 2. |
- Rödström, Karin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Structural studies of staphylococcal enterotoxin H in complex with T cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex class II
- 2010
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Ingår i: FEBS JOURNAL. - 1742-464X. ; 2010, 277, s. 53-54
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Superantigens (SAgs) are bacterial toxins capable of cross-linking the immune receptors of the host, the T cell receptor (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, and thereby trigger a massive release of cytokines. This could lead to toxic shock syndrome, which can have a fatal outcome. Here, we present the crystal structure of the ternary complex between the superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin H (SEH), TCR and MHC, as well as the dimer complex, including only TCR and SEH. It is evident that SEH interacts with the variable α domain (Vα) of TCR, in sharp contrast to previously studied SAgs that interact with the Vβ domain. Due to the high structural conservation of amino acids in SEH that are crucial for the interaction, we propose that in addition to Vβ activation of T cells, there are SAgs, in addition to SEH, which are able to activate T cells through Vα as well. In addition to providing crucial information regarding the nature of TCR-mediated recognition of superantigens, the finding have central implications for future strategies aimed at preventing or modulating the often pathogenic response to superantigens.
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| 4. |
- Saline, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The structure of superantigen complexed with TCR and MHC reveals novel insights into superantigenic T cell activation.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 1:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superantigens (SAgs) are bacterial toxins that interact with immunoreceptors, T cell receptor (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, conventionally through the variable β-domain of TCR (TCRVβ). They induce a massive release of cytokines, which can lead to diseases such as food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. In this study, we report the X-ray structure of the ternary complex between staphylococcal enterotoxin H (SEH) and its human receptors, MHC class II and TCR. The structure demonstrates that SEH predominantly interacts with the variable α-domain of TCR (TCRVα), which is supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Furthermore, there is no contact between MHC and TCR upon complex formation. Structural analyses suggest that the major contact points to TCRVα are conserved among other bacterial SAgs. Consequently, a new dimension of SAg biology emerges, suggesting that in addition to the conventional interactions with the TCRVβ domain, SAgs can also activate T cells through the TCRVα domain.
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| 5. |
- Allamani, Allaman, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual Determinants of Alcohol Consumption Changes and Preventive Alcohol Policies : A 12-Country European Study in Progress 2011
- 2011
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Ingår i: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 46:10, s. 1288-1303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beginning with France in the 1950s, alcohol consumption has decreased in Southern European countries with few or no preventive alcohol policy measures being implemented, while alcohol consumption has been increasing in Northern European countries where historically more restrictive alcohol control policies were in place, even though more recently they were loosened. At the same time, Central and Eastern Europe have shown an intermediate behavior. We propose that country-specific changes in alcohol consumption between 1960 and 2008 are explained by a combination of a number of factors: (1) preventive alcohol policies and (2) social, cultural, economic, and demographic determinants. This article describes the methodology of a research study designed to understand the complex interactions that have occurred throughout Europe over the past five decades. These include changes in alcohol consumption, drinking patterns and alcohol-related harm, and the actual determinants of such changes
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| 6. |
- Almlöv, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Therapist effects in guided internet-delivered CBT for Anxiety Disorders
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. - London : Wisepress. - 1352-4658 .- 1469-1833. ; 39:3, s. 311-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Guided internet-delivered CBT for anxiety disorders has received increasing empirical support, but little is known regarding the role of the therapist. Aims: This study addressed therapist factors in guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders. Method: Data from three controlled trials with a total N of 119 were analyzed with attention to differences between eight therapists. Results: No significant mean level differences between therapists appeared in the dataset. However, one significant intraclass correlation between participants was found, suggesting that the outcome on the Beck Anxiety Inventory might have been influenced by the impact of the individual therapists. Conclusion: The therapist can possibly have some influence on the outcome of guided internet-delivered CBT for anxiety disorders, but studies with more statistical power are needed to establish whether therapist effects are present in this modality of psychological treatment. The present study was underpowered to detect minor therapist effects.
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| 7. |
- Bendelin, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of guided Internet-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for depression : A qualitative study
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-244X. ; 11:107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Internet-based self-help treatment with minimal therapist contact has been shown to have an effect in treating various conditions. The objective of this study was to explore participants’ views of Internet administrated guided self-help treatment for depression. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 strategically selected participants and qualitative methods with components of both thematic analysis and grounded theory were used in the analyses. Results: Three distinct change processes relating to how participants worked with the treatment material emerged which were categorized as (a) Readers, (b) Strivers, and (c) Doers. These processes dealt with attitudes towards treatment, views on motivational aspects of the treatment, and perceptions of consequences of the treatment. Conclusions: We conclude that the findings correspond with existing theoretical models of face-to-face psychotherapy within qualitative process research. Persons who take responsibility for the treatment and also attribute success to themselves appear to benefit more. Motivation is a crucial aspect of guided self-help in the treatment of depression.
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| 8. |
- Ferrari, Raffaele, et al.
(författare)
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Frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes: a genome-wide association study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4465. ; 13:7, s. 686-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex disorder characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations, differential pathological signatures, and genetic variability. Mutations in three genes-MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72-have been associated with FTD. We sought to identify novel genetic risk loci associated with the disorder.
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| 10. |
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Grundvattendagarna 2013
- 2013
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den här rapporten innehåller en sammanställning av abstracts som ligger till underlag för de presentationer som presenterades på konferensen Grundvattendagarna i Lund den 16–17 oktober 2013. Konferensen anordnades av SGU i samarbete med Geologiska institutionen på Lunds uni-versitet och Länsstyrelsen Skåne. Ett av konferensens syften var att få till en bred uppslutning från olika organisationer, myndigheter, konsulter, universitet, etc., och att skapa goda förutsättningar för att överföra kunskap och knyta kontakter för framtida samarbeten. Totalt har inte mindre än 59 olika bidrag kommit in och omfattningen på innehållet är verkligen stort. Det har varit en ära att få anordna konferensen och vi är tacksamma för det stora intresse som ni visat.
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| 13. |
- Sarkohi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Representations of the future in depression. A qualitative study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychology. - Irvine, CA : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 4:4, s. 420-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies indicate that the ability to imagine negative and positive future events affect psychological well-being and is a characteristic feature of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate how depressed individuals view their future along different time periods. A total of 15 individuals with a diagnosis of major depression were recruited from a psychiatry clinic and completed a semi-structured qualitative interview. Questions were asked about the situation right now, before becoming depressed, and the future (nearest time, within a year and the upcoming 5-10 years). Data were collected and analysed using open-ended methodology in line with the principles of grounded theory. The results showed that depressed individuals experienced a state of “ambivalence”, with negative cognitive, emotional, physical and socioeconomic consequences, when they were asked to think about their nearest future. Ambivalence and its negative emotional and cognitive effects were substantially reduced in strength when they were asked about their more distant future. We conclude that ambivalence in the present may be an important feature of depression which deserves more attention from both a theoretical and clinical perspective. The use of qualitative approaches in the study of depression is encouraged.
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| 14. |
- Törnroth-Horsefield, Susanna, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Structural insights into eukaryotic aquaporin regulation.
- 2010
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Ingår i: FEBS letters. - : Wiley. - 1873-3468 .- 0014-5793. ; 584:12, s. 2580-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aquaporin-mediated water transport across cellular membranes is an ancient, ubiquitous mechanism within cell biology. This family of integral membrane proteins includes both water selective pores (aquaporins) and transport facilitators of other small molecules such as glycerol and urea (aquaglyceroporins). Eukaryotic aquaporins are frequently regulated post-translationally by gating, whereby the rate of flux through the channel is controlled, or by trafficking, whereby aquaporins are shuttled from intracellular storage sites to the plasma membrane. A number of high-resolution X-ray structures of eukaryotic aquaporins have recently been reported and the new structural insights into gating and trafficking that emerged from these studies are described. Basic structural themes reoccur, illustrating how the problem of regulation in diverse biological contexts builds upon a limited set of possible solutions.
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