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| 5. |
- Dahlqvist, Heléne, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Poly-victimization of Bullying, Sexual Harassment and Violence in Youth : A Latent Class Analysis
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Violence in a broad sense among youth is common and there is some evidence that there are groups of youth who are victims of more than one form of violence. More knowledge is needed in terms of patterning of subgroups of poly-victimization. The aim was to explore if there are distinct subgroups of youth with particular patterns of violence victimization.Method: Survey data from a Swedish sample (n = 1,569) of 14-16-year-olds were used (females 48.4%). Measures were physical violence, threat of physical violence, bullying, sexual harassment, and cyber bullying and harassment in the past six months as well as lifetime physical violence. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups of youth with particular violence victimization patterns. Model fit assessment was based on model parsimony, theoretical justification and fit indices criteria (the Akaike information criterion and the Bayesian information criterion).Result: A three-latent-class model was selected: 1. Poly-victims with high probabilities of being victimized by a multitude of different types of violence (girls 47.6%). 2. Overall low probabilities of violence victimization (girls 47.5%). 3. High probabilities of victimization of sexual harassment off- and online as well as bullying online (girls 65.6%).Discussion: Three distinct subgroups of violence victimization in youth was evident in the data. There was a greater representation of girls in the purely sexualized violence sub-group. Further research and preventive programs should acknowledge that young people who are victims of one type of violence are likely also to be victims of other types of violence.
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| 7. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Do schools normalise sexual harassment? An analysis of a legal case regarding sexual harassment in a Swedish high school
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gender and Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-0253 .- 1360-0516. ; 31:7, s. 920-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual harassment has become so frequent and ubiquitous in schools that these behaviours have become normalised and expected. In order to prevent the re-enactment and perpetuation of this problem, it is important to explore processes that contribute to its existence. A high school sexual harassment lawsuit in Sweden is used as a case study to illustrate ways that might explain how sexual harassment is normalised at the organisational level. A thematic analysis has been used to identify themes and subthemes. The results show a multi-layered web of factors and practices related to sexual harassment at the organisational level in the school. In order to change a school’s culture from one where sexual harassment is normalised, multiple needs must be addressed: organisational weaknesses must be strengthened; adults enact their responsibility to change the situation; and awareness of the relationship between sexual harassment, gender, and power needs to be increased.
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| 9. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Is gender equality an explicit issue in Swedish high schools? Results from a photovoice study with girls in a vocational program
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a contradictory picture of Swedish girls; they are talked about as academically successful and winner at the labor market, but at the same time stressed out, have low self-esteem and high as well as increasing mental health problems. The discourse as well as the gender equality politics are (Everyone sort of know) that Sweden is a gender equal society where women and men can both work and have children, take part in society and where there is (supposed to be) freedom from men’s violence against women. This is true for some girls and women, but to fully understand the challenges and possibilities to work for a gender equal society we have to add an intersectional perspective, including several different power orders. This study will focus on high school girls in a vocational program (proxy for working class) who are invited to participate because of their lack of academic success, low self-esteem and lack of belief in the future. They are participants in a photovoice study aiming at wellbeing, academic success, safety and a positive view of the future. Their suggestions for change will guide an analysis of the high school’s role in creating a gender equality supportive environment in line with the Swedish gender equality discourse.
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| 11. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Parental leave policies and time use for mothers and fathers : A case study of Spain and Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Society, health and vulnerability. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2002-1518. ; 8:1, s. 2-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- States play an important role in gender equality through policy structuring. In this case study, the aim is to explore whether changes in parental leave policies over two decades trickle down to changes in gendered time use in two polarised countries: Sweden and Spain, represented by the Basque Country. Sweden represents dual-earner countries with high relative gender equality, whereas Spain represents a south European policy model supporting a breadwinning/homemaker ideal. The results show that changes in the gendered time use among mothers and fathers in both countries are associated with changes in parental leave policies. Changes in policies directed towards increasing gender equality reduce the gender gap in time use among mothers and fathers and seem to increase gender equality within a country. From these results, the conclusion is that parental leave policies that are structured to promote or enable gender equality could reduce the gender time gap in work among mothers and fathers.
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| 12. |
- Hermansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between Shift Work and Established Coronary Risk Factors
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : IJOEM. - 2008-6520 .- 2008-6814. ; 10:2, s. 57-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Shift work is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causes have not yet been fully established. It has been proposed that the coronary risk factors are more hazardous for shift workers, resulting in a potential interaction effect with shift work.OBJECTIVE: To analyse interaction effects of work schedule and established risk factors for coronary artery disease on the risk of myocardial infarction.METHODS: This analysis was conducted in SHEEP/VHEEP, a case-control study conducted in two counties in Sweden, comprising all first-time cases of myocardial infarction among men and women 45-70 years of age with controls stratified by sex, age, and hospital catchment area, totalling to 4648 participants. Synergy index (SI) was used as the main outcome analysis method for interaction analysis.RESULTS: There was an interaction effect between shift work and physical inactivity on the risk of myocardial infarction with SI of 2.05 (95% CI 1.07 to 3.92) for male shift workers. For female shift workers, interaction effects were found with high waist-hip ratio (SI 4.0, 95% CI 1.12 to 14.28) and elevated triglycerides (SI 5.69, 95% CI 1.67 to 19.38).CONCLUSION: Shift work and some established coronary risk factors have significant interactions.
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| 13. |
- Hermansson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Shift work, parental cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction in males
- 2018
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Ingår i: Occupational Medicine. - : Oxford University Press. - 0962-7480 .- 1471-8405. ; 68:2, s. 120-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Shift work has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a need for more studies to determine whether there is an interaction between shift work and other risk factors of CVD, thereby increasing the risk of CVD in shift workers. Aims To discern whether shift work and parental mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) or sudden cardiac death (SCD) interact to increase the risk of MI in men. Methods A case-control dataset was used to assess interaction between shift work and parental history of CVD, using death from MI or SCD, or death before age 65, on an additive scale. Results were reported as relative excess risk due to interaction, attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI). Results There was an interaction between shift work and paternal mortality from MI or SCD, when both factors were present [SI = 2.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02. 5.6 and AP = 0.4; 95% CI 0.08. 0.73]. Conclusions Paternal mortality from MI or SCD interacts with shift work to increase the risk of MI in men.
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| 14. |
- Randell, Eva, 1960-
(författare)
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Adolescent boys’ health : managing emotions, masculinities and subjective social status
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The health of adolescent boys is complex and surprisingly little is known about how adolescent boys perceive, conceptualise and experience their health. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore adolescent boys’ perceptions and experiences of health, emotions, masculinity and subjective social status (SSS).This thesis consists of a qualitative, a quantitative and a mixed methods study. The qualitative study aimed to explore how adolescent boys understand the concept of health and what they find important for its achievement. Furthermore, the adolescent boys’ views of masculinity, emotion management and their potential effects on wellbeing were explored. For this purpose, individual interviews were conducted with 33 adolescent boys aged 16-17 years. The quantitative study aimed to investigate the associations between pride, shame and health in adolescence. Data were collected through a cross-sectional postal survey with 705 adolescents. The purpose of the mixed methods study was to investigate associations between SSS in school, socioeconomic status (SES) and self-rated health (SRH), and to explore the concept of SSS in school. Cross-sectional data were combined with interview data in which the meaning of SSS was further explored. Individual interviews with 35 adolescents aged 17-18 years were conducted.In the qualitative study, data were analysed using Grounded Theory. In the quantitative study, statistical analyses (e.g., chi-square test and uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses) were performed. In the mixed method study, a combination of statistical analyses and thematic network analysis was applied.The results showed that there was a complexity in how the adolescent boys viewed, experienced, dealt with and valued health. On a conceptual level, they perceived health as holistic but when dealing with difficult emotions, they were prone to separate the body from the mind. Thus, the adolescent boys experienced a difference between health as a concept and health as an experience (paper I). Concerning emotional orientation in masculinity, two main categories of masculine conceptions were identified: a gender-normative masculinity and a non-gender-normative masculinity (paper II). Gender-normative masculinity comprised two seemingly opposite emotional masculinity orientations, one towards toughness and the other towards sensitivity, both of which were highly influenced by contextual and situational group norms and demands, despite that their expressions are in contrast to each other. Non-gender-normative masculinity included an orientation towards sincerity, emphasising the personal values of the boys. Emotions were expressed more independently of peer group norms. The findings suggest that different masculinities and the expression of emotions are intricately intertwined and that managing emotions is vital for wellbeing. The present findings also showed that both shame and pride were significantly associated with SRH, and furthermore, that there seems to be a protective effect of experiencing pride for health (paper III). The results also demonstrated that SSS is strongly related to SRH, and high SRH is related to high SSS, and further that the positioning was done in a gendered space (paper IV).Results from all studies suggest that the emotional and relational aspects, as well as perceived SSS, were strongly related to SRH. Positive emotions, trustful relationships and having a sense of belonging were important factors for health and pride was an important emotion protecting health. Physical health, on the other hand, had a more subordinated value, but the body was experienced as an important tool to achieve health. Even though health was mainly perceived in a holistic manner by the boys, there were boys who were prone to dichotomise the health experience into a mind-body dualism when having to deal with difficult emotions.In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that young, masculine health is largely experienced through emotions and relationships between individuals and their contexts affected by gendered practices. Health is to feel and function well in mind and body and to have trusting relationships. The results support theories on health as a social construction of interconnected processes. Having confidence in self-esteem, access to trustful relationships and the courage to resist traditional masculine norms while still reinforcing and maintaining social status are all conducive to good health. Researchers as well as professionals need to consider the complexity of adolescent boys’ health in which norms, values, relationships and gender form its social determinants. Those working with young boys should encourage them to integrate physical, social and emotional aspects of health into an interconnected and holistic experience.
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| 15. |
- Svensson, Åsa, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy drink consumption predicts norm-breaking behavior in Swedish adolescents
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 28, s. 331-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The health impact of adolescents’ consumption of energy drinks (ED) has been studied; however, previous research mainly used cross-sectional data. The aim of the present study was to describe the consumption of ED in a sample of Swedish adolescents in relation to self-reported health, support and norm-breaking behavior, and to investigate the longitudinal associations between ED consumption and norm-breaking behavior.Methods: The study was carried out in a municipality in The North of Sweden in 2010-2011 and includes data from 1622 adolescents in grades 6-9 who completed a questionnaire in school. Frequency of ED consumption (never vs. ever) was calculated, and chi-square test and logistic regression were used to compare ED consumption with self-reported health, support and norm-breaking behavior (i.e., truancy, staying home from school to play computer games, the use of alcohol and tobacco, and not eating breakfast or lunch every school day).Results: Preliminary results showed that boys consumed ED more frequently than girls: 74% of boys and 54% of girls reported to ever consume ED (P < 0.001). Frequency of ED consumption was associated with several variables related to self-reported low health, low support, and norm-breaking behavior. The associations were generally stronger among girls. Furthermore, ED consumption was a predictor of norm-breaking behavior one year later, except for not eating lunch every school day and the use of alcohol (for boys). Adjusted OR ranged from 2.02 (95% CI: 1.31, 3.10) (not eating breakfast every school day) to 4.98 (95% CI: 2.34, 10.63) (staying home from school to play computer games).Conclusions: In this study, adolescents’ consumption of ED was associated with several undesirable conditions and behaviors. ED consumption may thus be an important target for health promotion in young people, especially since it can predict norm-breaking behavior later on.Key messages: Adolescents who consume ED are more likely to engage in norm-breaking behavior compared to those who never consume ED, concurrently as well as a year later. The associations between ED consumption and undesirable behaviors and conditions were stronger for girls than boys, suggesting that the relatively smaller group of girls who use ED is more vulnerable.
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| 16. |
- Warne, Maria, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and possibilities with participatory visual research methods in health promotion
- 2018
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Ingår i: 10th IUHPE European Conference and International Forum for Health Promotion Research. - Trondheim. - 9788293158424 - 9788293158431
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this workshop is to discuss pros andcons using participatory visual methods in health promotion research. The interest of visual research is growing and it is time to look more critical to this increasingly popular research focus. The first part of the session, we shortly introduce visual methods in health promotion by giving examples and experiences from our research. In the second part of the session, we will discuss experiences and reflections about, e.g. vulnerable groups, power relations, ethical problems and the use of photographs together with the participants. The goals for the session are to expand the dialogue about the need for high ethical standards when using visual methods in health promotion research, to share experiences and to create contact between researchers within this field.There is growing body of research about visual methods in health promotion and the presenting researchers have, together and separately, used participatory visual methods for data collection and participatory action research. The authors have all experience with the PhotoVoice method, developed by Wang and Burris in the late 90th, as well as other visual methods, like cell philms and drawings and participatory research. Examples from different research projects are; non verbal language of drawings and photographs in participatory visual methods when aiming at understanding children’s life worlds, young girls' experiences of daily life at school and girls' views of sexual harassment. However alongside the many opportunities there are equal number of challenges when using nonverbal arts-based research methods in order to go beyond the limits of language to capture the meaning of lived experience in a multimodal and holistic way.
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| 17. |
- Warne, Maria, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges when Photovoice is used as a research method in the school setting
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing body of research about visual methods in health promotion. Photovoice (PV), a community based participatory research method, is one of these methods that being used more and more frequently in health promotion (HP) interventions and research with young people. The aim of PV is to increase empowerment and participation among vulnerable groups. PV is often used together with so-called at-risk youth in after- school settings, more seldom in the school setting, as a part of the curriculum, with youth with varied background. The purpose of this study was to highlight dilemmas and discuss challenges when photovoice was used in the school setting as a part of the curriculum. The participants were girls and school staff at a vocational program in an upper secondary school in the Northern part of Sweden. A thematic content analysis was used to analyse data from observations, student workshops, focus groups and face-to face interviews with school staff, with focus on the PV method. The result is on progress but shows challenges that needs to be handled: hierarchies limiting the dialogue, the slow pace of the process creates frustration, and finally the method is likely to reinforce previous mistrust against adults when the participants' proposals are not implemented. The conclusions is that scholars using photovoice as a research method at school need to be aware of challenges when they use PV.
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| 18. |
- Warne, Maria, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Participation and support – associations with Swedish pupils’ positive health
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 76:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the perspective of salutogenesis, schools have opportunities to create supportive environments for health and well-being, but there is a need for more knowledge about positive health determinants in the school setting. The aim of this study was to analyse adolescents’ self-reported positive health and its association with supportive factors in the school environment. Data was derived from a cross-sectional study in which pupils were aged 12–16 (n=1527). A positive health scale was used to examine the association of positive health with the following determinants: classroom participation; teacher support; peer support; parental support; and personal relative affluence. Data was analysed with multiple logistic regression. The results showed that positive health was associated with classroom participation and support from teachers and parents more commonly among boys than girls. All determinants were significantly associated with pupils’ positive health. The conclusion is that students’ positive health is strongly associated with support from the school. Classroom participation and support are major concerns for the health of pupils, and it is essential to develop these aspects of the school environment.
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| 19. |
- Zetterström Dahlqvist, Heléne, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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A Latent Class Analysis of Violence Poly-victimization in Youth
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 28, s. 483-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Violence among youth is common and has been linked to poor mental health outcomes. There is some evidence that there are groups of youth who are victims of more than one form of violence but more knowledge is needed in terms of patterning of subgroups of multiple violence victimization. Aim: To explore if there are distinct subgroups of youth with particular patterns of violence victimization. Method: Survey data from a Swedish sample (n = 1,569) of youth 14-16 years old were used (females 48.4%). Using a broad definition of violence, respondents indicated if they had experienced physical violence, threat of physical violence, bullying, sexual harassment, cyber bullying, online sexual victimization, and other adverse sexual experience in the past six months as well as lifetime physical violence victimization. Distinct subgroups of youth within the data set with particular patterns of violence victimization were identified using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Model fit was assessed using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), with smaller values indicating better model fit. Results: Preliminary results show three distinct subgroups: 1. Sexualized violence off- and online (girls 66.6%), 2. Bullying only (girls 47.5%) and 3. Multi-victimization including threat of physical violence, violence in the past six months and lifetime, sexual harassment on- and offline, bullying on- and offline as well as other adverse sexual experience (girls 47.6%). Conclusions: Three distinct subgroups of violence victimization in a sample of 14-16 year old youth was evident in the data. There was a greater representation of girls in the sexualized violence sub-group. Further research as well as preventive programs should acknowledge that many young people are victims of several types of violence. Future research should also investigate the implications of multi-victimization on mental health outcomes.
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| 20. |
- Zetterström Dahlqvist, Heléne, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Online Sexual Victimisation in Youth : Predictors and Cross-Sectional Associations with Depressive Symptoms
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 28:6, s. 1018-1023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThe aim was to analyze (i) the prevalence of online unwanted sexual solicitation (USS) victimization, (ii) predictors of online USS and (iii) the associations between online USS and depressive symptoms in Swedish pupils in grades 7–9.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was disseminated in 2011 in schools in a municipality in the northern part of Sweden. Total n = 1193 (boys n = 566; girls n= 627). Logistic regression models were fitted to test the cross-sectional associations between predictors of online USS and depressive symptoms, respectively.ResultsOne third of girls and every fifth boy reported online USS victimization. In boys, predictors associated with online USS were offline bullying and sexual harassment victimization. Only offline sexual harassment victimization was associated with online USS in girls. Girls victimized by online USS had about twice the likelihood to report depressive symptoms compared to non-victimized girls. There were no associations between online USS and depressive symptoms in boys. While offline bullying was associated with depressive symptoms in both genders, offline sexual harassment victimization increased the likelihood to report depressive symptoms in girls only.ConclusionsOnline USS was common among Swedish youth, particularly among girls. Schools, parents and internet safety educators should look at co-occurrence of different forms of victimization as offline victimization was a predictor of online USS. Online USS was associated with depressive symptoms in girls and may hence be a factor driving gender inequity in mental health in youth.
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