| 1. |
- Chang, Tingru, et al.
(författare)
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The role of Sn on the long-term atmospheric corrosion of binary Cu-Sn bronze alloys in architecture
- 2019
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 149, s. 54-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of Sn on the atmospheric corrosion performance of binary Cu-Sn bronze alloys (4–6 wt.% Sn) compared with Cu metal used in outdoor architecture is elucidated in terms of microstructure, native surface oxide composition, patina evolution, corrosion rates, appearance and metal release. Results are presented for non-exposed surfaces and surfaces exposed at different urban and marine sites in Europe up to 5 years and based on multi-analytical findings from microscopic, spectroscopic, electrochemical and chemical investigations. Alloying influenced the corrosion, aesthetic appearance and patina evolution, differently for urban and marine sites, whereas no effects were observed on the release pattern. © 2019 The Authors
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| 2. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda S., et al.
(författare)
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Surface rain interactions : Differences in copper runoff for copper sheet of different inclination, orientation, and atmospheric exposure conditions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 196, s. 363-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predictions of the diffuse dispersion of metals from outdoor constructions such as roofs and facades are necessary for environmental risk assessment and management. An existing predictive model has been compared with measured data of copper runoff from copper sheets exposed at four different inclinations facing four orientations at two different urban sites (Stockholm, Sweden, and Milan, Italy) during a 4-year period. Its applicability has also been investigated for copper sheet exposed at two marine sites (Cadiz, Spain, for 5 years, and Brest, France, for 9 years). Generally the model can be used for all given conditions. However, vertical surfaces should be considered as surfaces inclined 60-80 degrees due to wind-driven effects. The most important parameters that influence copper runoff, and not already included in the model, are the wind and rain characteristics that influence the actual rainfall volume impinging the surface of interest. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
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