| 1. |
- Kronenberg, Linda M., et al.
(författare)
-
Burden and Expressed Emotion of Caregivers in Cases of Adult Substance Use Disorder with and Without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 14:1, s. 49-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To identify and compare caregiver burden and expressed emotion (EE) in adult substance use disorder (SUD) patients with and without co-occurring attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To examine possible differences in correlations between caregiver burden and EE across patient groups. Design and Methods Cross-sectional study with measures of perceived burden (Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire: IEQ), subjective stress (General Health Questionnaire: GHQ) and perceptions of expressed emotion (Level of Expressed Emotion: LEE) in informal caregivers for patients with SUD, SUD+ADHD or SUD+ASD. Findings No differences in caregiver burden or expressed emotion when caregivers for patients with SUD were compared to caregivers for patients with SUD+ADHD. A moderate but non-significant difference for caregivers of patients with SUD versus SUD+ASD, which disappeared when the number of contact hours between patient and caregiver for the SUD only group was controlled for. The IEQ sum scores also substantially correlated with the LEE sum scores. Conclusion Informal caregivers for patients with only SUD show higher levels of burden and EE than informal caregivers for patients with SUD and a co-occurring ASD. This difference was largely explained by the higher number of contact hours between patient and caregiver in the SUD only group.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kronenberg, Linda M., et al.
(författare)
-
Coping styles in substance use disorder (SUD) patients with and without co-occurring attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- 2015
-
Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with a substance use disorder (SUD) and co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often start using substances in an attempt to cope with the stress related to their ADHD or ASD. To improve treatment for these patient groups, it is important to identify and compare the various coping styles between SUD patients with and without ADHD or ASD and with subjects from a general population sample. Methods: Cross-sectional study using the Utrecht Coping List (UCL) in 50 SUD patients, 41 SUD + ADHD patients, 31 SUD + ASD patients and 1,200 railway employees. Results: Compared with the reference group, all three SUD groups showed a significant higher mean on the Palliative reaction, Avoidance, and Passive reaction subscales of the UCL. The scores for all UCL subscales of the SUD and the SUD + ADHD groups were very similar. However, the SUD + ASD group scored higher on Passive reaction and lower on Reassuring thoughts than the SUD and the SUD + ADHD groups and lower on Expression of emotions subscale in comparison with the SUD + ADHD group. Conclusions: Regardless of the presence of a co-occurring disorder, SUD patients reported more palliative, avoidant and passive coping when confronted than people in the general population. In addition, SUD patients with co-occurring ASD were different from other SUD patients in their coping and professionals should take this into account when working on more adaptive coping strategies with these patients.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kronenberg, Linda M., et al.
(författare)
-
Personal Recovery in Individuals Diagnosed with Substance use Disorder (SUD) and Co-Occurring Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9417 .- 1532-8228. ; 29:4, s. 242-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The process of personal recovery in people diagnosed with substance use disorder and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was mapped. Four general themes representing four consecutive stages in the recovery process were identified in both client groups: (1) crisis and diagnosis; (2) dealing with agitation, symptoms, and burden; (3) reorganization of life; and (4) meaningful life. However, the personal recovery outcomes and the need for support were different for the two clients groups. Based on these findings, mental health nurses can offer recovery supporting care tailored to the challenging needs of these clients. For the SUD + ADHD group, overall, a coaching attitude is preferred. For the SUD + ASD group, overall, instructional, supportive and directive attitude is needed.
|
|
| 4. |
- Voogt, L. Amar, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of the Psychiatric Nursing Intervention Providing Structure : An International Delphi Study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. - : SAGE Publications. - 1078-3903 .- 1532-5725. ; 22:2, s. 100-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psychiatric nurses commonly refer to providing structure (PS) as a key intervention. But no consensus exists about what PS entails. PS can be understood as a complex intervention. In four previous studies, a definition, activities, and context variables were described that were presented to experts in a Delphi study. OBJECTIVE: To reach consensus about the definition of PS, its activities, and context variables. DESIGN: In a qualitative study, a Delphi study is used to gather the opinions of experts. The Delphi study consisted of three rounds with statements to score in each round. RESULTS: Experts reached consensus about a definition of PS, its activities, and context variables. Eleven statements related to the definition were accepted. Fourteen statements of a total of 17 statements related to the specific activities reached sufficient agreement, and 4 statements related to context variables were accepted. CONCLUSIONS: A definition could be given of PS with 4 general PS activities, 15 specific activities, and 3 context variables. Psychiatric nurses can use the information about PS to reflect on the use of PS activities within their own working environment, and these insights can help nurses develop their professional growth.
|
|
