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- Gorreja, Frida
(författare)
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Gene expression changes as predictors of the immune-modulatory effects of probiotics: Towards a better understanding of strain-disease specific interactions
- 2019
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Ingår i: NFS Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3646. ; 14-15, s. 1-5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Probiotic bacteria in clinical use grant a health benefit to humans when administered in adequate amount, frequency, and period. The majority of research into probiotics focuses on the usage of probiotics in the prevention and/or treatment of digestive diseases or other diseases related to an aberrant microbiota or inflamed mucosa. Hence, translational research often excludes the underlying multifaceted mechanisms of action of these supplements. This mini-review endeavours to summarize the mechanisms of action related to changes in gene expression, with a focus on studies published from 2015 to 2018. Alteration of gene expression has been described in the justification of the use of probiotics for certain diseases such as irritable bowel disease. The review centers on in vivo studies considering inflammation-related genes and pathways in gastrointestinal tissue and blood, and in vitro studies mainly from human intestinal epithelial cells but also immune cells. Probiotics are prospectively anti-inflammatory therapies in diseases with an impaired gut mucosa. Translational research will aim to target changes in genes expression that are strain- and disease-specific.
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| 2. |
- Gorreja, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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The developmentally regulated fetal enterocyte gene, ZP4, mediates anti-inflammation by the symbiotic bacterial surface factor polysaccharide A on Bacteroides fragilis
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1857 .- 1522-1547. ; 317:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initial colonizing bacteria play a critical role in completing the development of the immune system in the gastrointestinal tract of infants. Yet, the interaction of colonizing bacterial organisms with the developing human intestine favors inflammation over immune homeostasis. This characteristic of bacterial-intestinal interaction partially contributes to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating premature infant intestinal inflammatory disease. However, paradoxically some unique pioneer bacteria (initial colonizing species) have been shown to have a beneficial effect on the homeostasis of the immature intestine and the prevention of inflammation. We have reported that one such pioneer bacterium, Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), and its surface component polysaccharide A (PSA) inhibit IL-1β-induced inflammation in a human primary fetal small intestinal cell line (H4 cells). In this study, using transcription profiling of H4 cellular RNA after pretreatment with or without PSA before an inflammatory stimulation of IL-1β, we have begun to further determine the cellular mechanism for anti-inflammation. We show that a developmentally regulated gene, zona pellucida protein 4 (ZP4), is uniquely elevated after IL-1β stimulation and reduced with PSA exposure. ZP4 was known as a sperm receptor-mediating species-specific binding protein in the initial life of mammals. However, its intestinal epithelial function is unclear. We found that ZP4 is a developmentally regulated gene involved with immune function and regulated by both Toll-like receptor 2 and 4. Knockdown of ZP4-affected PSA inhibited IL-8 mRNA expression in response to IL-1β. This represents an initial study of ZP4 innate immune function in immature enterocytes. This study may lead to new opportunity for efficient treatment of NEC. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study extends previous observations to define the cellular mechanisms of polysaccharide A-induced anti-inflammation in immature enterocytes using transcription profiling of enterocyte genes after preexposure to polysaccharide A before an inflammatory stimulus with IL-1β.
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