| 1. |
- Barisch-Fritz, B., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the rule-of-thumb: calculation of the toe allowance for developing feet
- 2016
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Ingår i: Footwear Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1942-4280 .- 1942-4299. ; 8:3, s. 119-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amount of toe allowance (TA, the space in front of the toes) in children's shoes is physiologically important and often estimated by the rule-of-the-parent's-thumb. Besides this, other rules-of-thumb exist mainly based on experiences or footprint analysis. The aim of this study is to scientifically evaluate these rules-of-thumb. TA was calculated as a function of growth rate, foot extension, and walking advance based on three-dimensional (3D) foot scans of 2554 children (6-16 years) during standing and walking. Foot extension was determined as the difference in foot length between static and dynamic weight-bearing, walking advance as movement of the most anterior point of toes, and growth rate as semi-annual foot growth. TA was smaller than all rules-of-thumb and was influenced by gender and foot length. These findings primarily present TA based on 3D foot scans which is important for shoe construction. It is recommended to use 90th percentiles instead of mean values for the construction of TA.
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| 2. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 562:7725, s. 57-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
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| 3. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 27:12, s. 1402-1411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 The Authors Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field-based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade-offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (>1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub-Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.
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| 4. |
- Boije af Gennäs, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Researching overuse injuries among adolescent soccer players using an interdisciplinary approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Svensk Beteendevetenskaplig Idrottsforsknings konferens (SVEBI).
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Adolescent soccer players frequently suffer traumatic and overuse injuries. Research shows that injuries at a young age are problematic as they may limit continued participation and are a risk factor for future injuries (Junge, Cheung, Edwards, & Dvorak, 2004). Current findings indicate that injuries are caused by a multitude of factors, however, this knowledge is not integrated and does not provide a contextualized picture of how an injury develops. With a contextualized picture there can be a gain in information on social and temporal development of an injury. And detailed understanding of how an injury develops. Aim and theoretical framework The purpose of this poster is to provide an overview of the methodology used in an interdisciplinary research project on the development of overuse injuries among adolescent soccer players. In order to achieve this, the aim is to use Bronfenbrenner’s (2005) bioecological theory to create a contextualized view of factors that can create injuries. Method The project follows case-study inquiry. This inquiry has two main data production items. The first item contains a questionnaire, which all participants complete on a weekly basis for 6 months. The questionnaire is based on Clarsen’s (2013) Oslo Sports Trauma research on health problems (OSTRC) and provides a base and longitudinal overview of health problems. The second item contains five data gathering methods and is conducted as a case portfolio consisting of: a) biomechanical profiling based on a 3D running motion capture; b) isometric strength measurements and clinical flexibility tests; c) a training protocol filled in by the soccer players coach; d) observations during soccer practice; and e) semistructured interviews with the soccer players and their coaches. The sample selection is information-oriented, which means that samples are selected based on their expected content information (Flyvbjerg, 2006). Data is analysed for each employed method, as well as through an integrated portfolio analysis inspired by Bronfenbrenner s (2005) ́ bioecological theory. Results The cases’ injury history, individual biomedical, training, contextual and subjectivity results demonstrate individual factors that resulted in an injury. In relating these to each other, the two cases demonstrate how an injury develops over time, in particular contexts, in relation to particular training methods and coaching strategies, and as a result of individual dispositions and assumptions. Discussion and conclusions The findings of the study allow the collation of injury history, individual biomedical, training, contextual and subjectivity factors in a bioecological model of injury development. This model has the potential to create more effective injury prevention guidelines. The case-study approach provides concrete and contextdependent knowledge (Flyvbjerg, 2006), to develop case-oriented expertise, expanding the knowledge on the interdisciplinary interaction of overuse injury development. References Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Clarsen. B., Myklebust, G., & Bahr, R. (2013). Development and validation of a new method for the registration of overuse injuries in sports injury epidemiology: The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) overuse injury questionnaire. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(8), 495-502. Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five Misunderstandings About Case-Study Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219-245. Junge, A., Cheung, K., Edwards, T., & Dvorak, J. (2004). Injuries in youth amateur soccer and rugby players—comparison of incidence and characteristics. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(2), 168-172. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2002.003020
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Debette, Stéphanie, et al.
(författare)
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Common variation in PHACTR1 is associated with susceptibility to cervical artery dissection
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 47, s. 78-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cervical artery dissection (CeAD), a mural hematoma in a carotid or vertebral artery, is a major cause of ischemic stroke in young adults although relatively uncommon in the general population (incidence of 2.6/100,000 per year)1. Minor cervical traumas, infection, migraine and hypertension are putative risk factors1–3, and inverse associations with obesity and hypercholesterolemia are described3,4. No confirmed genetic susceptibility factors have been identified using candidate gene approaches5. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 1 1,393 CeAD cases and 1 14,416 controls. The rs9349379[G] allele (PHACTR1) was associated with lower CeAD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69–0.82; P = 4.46 × 1 10−10), with confirmation in independent follow-up samples (659 CeAD cases and 2,648 controls; P = 3.91 1 × 1 10−3; combined P = 1 1.00 × 1 10−1111). The rs9349379[G] allele was previously shown to be associated with lower risk of migraine and increased risk of myocardial infarction6–9. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying this pleiotropy might provide important information on the biological underpinnings of these disabling conditions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Grau, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of safety shoe fit - evaluation of dynamic foot structure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Footwear Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1942-4280 .- 1942-4299. ; 10:3, s. 179-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety shoe development is based on static foot measures, which are transferred to last design. However, workplaces are not just static (‘standing workplaces only’). The aim of the present study is to examine static and dynamic foot loading of workers to determine whether foot morphology changes between different loading situations. The results could be used to improve last and shoe design to improve the fit of safety shoes. 1024 workers at different industrial locations in Germany took part in the study. The DynaScan4D dynamic scanner system was used to measure static and dynamic foot morphology during different phases of ground contact. All scan variables were selected based on measures required in the last development process. Cohen’s d (effect size) was calculated to identify individual differences between maximum values during the stance phase of walking and static values in standing. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify possible influencing variables with regard to differences between static and dynamic values. Several foot measures showed relevant differences between dynamic and static loading. Interestingly, most length, width, height, and angular measures increased during dynamic loading (compared to static loading), whereas all circumference measures decreased. None of the tested variables (age, BMI, gender) predicted the differences between the two loading situations. Most dynamic changes are practical relevant changes between static and dynamic loading. Regarding the fit of safety shoes, it seems appropriate to adapt these changes to the last or shoe design.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hausken, Solveig E. S., 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Injury-free children and adolescents : Towards better practice in Swedish football (FIT project)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research Ideas and Outcomes. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-7163. ; 4, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This interdisciplinary research project will produce evidence-based recommendations on how injuries in Swedish youth football (soccer) can be prevented. Fewer injuries will positively impact athlete health, performance and career longevity and have the potential to promote life-long physical activity and wellbeing. Injury pattern research demonstrates that injuries are a significant problem in (Swedish) youth sport. Football has a higher traumatic and overuse injury rate than many contact/ collision sports (e.g., field hockey, basketball). In research on youth football, the incidence of overuse training injuries was measured as high as 15.4 injuries per 1000 training hours, and the incidence of traumatic and overuse match injuries was 47.5 injuries per 1000 match hours. The injury frequency is alarming and applies to the 54% of children aged 7-14 and the 39% of youths aged 15-19 years who participate in Swedish organised sports. A large body of research identifies injury risk factors and preventative strategies; however, as the recent IOC consensus statement on youth athletic development points out, the existing, mostly bio-medical knowledge does not provide effective evidence-based injury prevention strategies. To address this deficit, interdisciplinary and context-driven knowledge on injury development in youth sport is needed.The proposed project will produce scientific evidence through four consecutive studies: a) Questionnaire to register the types, frequency and management of injuries; b) Laboratory testing of biomechanical, clinical and training-specific parameters to establish individual physical and sport-specific dispositions; c) Observation of sporting contexts to understand sporting cultures, coaching methods and coach-athlete relationships; and d) Interviews with coaches and players to recognize knowledge that shapes coaching and training. The sample of youth players will be recruited from Sweden’s most popular and injury-prone sport: football. Each of the four studies will conduct its own data production and analyses, and a collective analysis will produce integrated evidence. Concrete recommendations for best sporting practice will be developed, which will serve sporting federations, sport education institutions, coaches, sport support staff and players.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hecker, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphocholine-Modified Macromolecules and Canonical Nicotinic Agonists Inhibit ATP-Induced IL-1 beta Release
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 195:5, s. 2325-2334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IL-1 beta is a potent proinflammatory cytokine of the innate immune system that is involved in host defense against infection. However, increased production of IL-1 beta plays a pathogenic role in various inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, sepsis, stroke, and transplant rejection. To prevent detrimental collateral damage, IL-1 beta release is tightly controlled and typically requires two consecutive danger signals. LPS from Gram-negative bacteria is a prototypical first signal inducing pro-IL-1 beta synthesis, whereas extracellular ATP is a typical second signal sensed by the ATP receptor P2X7 that triggers activation of the NLRP3-containing inflammasome, proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1 beta by caspase-1, and release of mature IL-1 beta. Mechanisms controlling IL-1 beta release, even in the presence of both danger signals, are needed to protect from collateral damage and are of therapeutic interest. In this article, we show that acetylcholine, choline, phosphocholine, phosphocholine-modified LPS from Haemophilus influenzae, and phosphocholine-modified protein efficiently inhibit ATP-mediated IL-1 beta release in human and rat monocytes via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing subunits alpha 7, alpha 9, and/or alpha 10. Of note, we identify receptors for phosphocholine-modified macromolecules that are synthesized by microbes and eukaryotic parasites and are well-known modulators of the immune system. Our data suggest that an endogenous anti-inflammatory cholinergic control mechanism effectively controls ATP-mediated release of IL-1 beta and that the same mechanism is used by symbionts and misused by parasites to evade innate immune responses of the host.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Herfurth, M., et al.
(författare)
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Gait velocity and step length at baseline predict outcome of Nordic walking training in patients with Parkinson's disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1353-8020. ; 21:4, s. 413-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The impact of Nordic walking (NW) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been investigated in several studies but results are inconsistent. This may be due to different cohorts studied and the heterogeneity of their PD symptoms which impact the outcome of NW. This study aimed at determining predictive factors for a positive effect of NW on PD. Methodology and principal findings: Primary outcome was to define the baseline disease-associated and demographic parameters that distinguish patients who demonstrate improvement in the Unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) motor part following NW training ("U+") from those patients with no improvement after the same intervention ("U-"). The potentially predictive parameters were: age, age at onset, disease duration, gait velocity, step length, daily step number, UPDRS-motor part, Berg-Balance-Scale, Parkinson-Neuropsychometric-Dementia-Assessment, verbal-fluency-test and Becks-Depression-Inventory-II. Twenty-two PD patients (H&Y stage 2-2.5) performed twelve weeks of NW training. Eighteen patients were included in the final analysis. Overall, the UPDRS motor part did not improve significantly; however, eight patients had an improvement in the UPDRS motor part from baseline to end of study (U+). When comparing the potentially predictive factors of the 1J(+) cohort with those ten patients who did not improve (U-), there was a notable difference in gait velocity and step length, and showed a significant correlation with an improvement in the UDPRS motor part scores. Conclusion: Gait velocity and step length can predict the outcome of NW training as determined by the UPDRS motor part, indicating that PD patients with only slightly impaired gait performance benefit most. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Jungmalm, Jonatan, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Study protocol of a 52-week Prospective Running Injury study in Gothenburg (SPRING)
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055 .- 2055-7647. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction It is assumed that a running-related (overuse) injury occurs when a specific structure of the human body is exposed to a load that exceeds that structures’ load capacity. Therefore, monitoring training load is an important key to understanding the development of a running-related injury. Additionally, other distribution, magnitude and capacity-related factors should be considered when aiming to understand the causal chain of injury development. This paper presents a study protocol for a prospective cohort study that aims to add comprehensive information on the aetiology of running-related injuries and present a new approach for investigating changes in training load with regard to running-related injuries. Methods and analysis This study focused on recreational runners, that is, runners exposed to a minimum weekly average of 15 km for at least 1 year. Participants will undergo baseline tests consisting of a clinical/anthropometrical examination and biomechanical measurements. Furthermore, participants will log all training sessions in a diary on a weekly basis for 1 year. The primary exposure variable is changes in training load. A medical practitioner will examine runners suffering from running-related pain and, if possible, make a clear diagnosis. Finally, additional time-varying exposure variables will be included in the main analysis, whereas the analysis for the secondary purpose is based on timefixed baseline-related risk factors.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Lundberg Zachrisson, Andreas, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Overuse injuries in Swedish elite athletics–a study protocol for a prospective multifactorial cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 19, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Overuse injuries (OI) are common in elite athletics. Previous studies have had athletes self-report injuries rather than having a medical professional provide a clear diagnosis. This might be a major reason for the inconsistencies in reported incident proportions of OI in elite athletics, in addition to the varying definitions of OI in current literature. Risk factors or combinations of risk factors (biomechanical, clinical, and training-related) have been shown to be important in the developmental process of OI. However, no studies have examined these relationships using a multifactorial and prospective approach in elite athletics. The purpose of this study protocol is to describe OI incidence proportion, injury severity, location, and occurrence during a complete athletics season. Moreover, possible discipline specific and injury specific risk factors that might be associated with OI will be examined. Methods: This study will be an explorative prospective cohort study including approximately 120 elite athletes. All athletes will be screened twice during one complete athletics season. The screening will consist of a body composition scan to measure muscle mass, fat free mass, lean mass, bone density, and bone mineral content. In addition, clinical examination will measure range of motion for the lower back, hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow and ankle joints. A running analysis will measure the 3D motions of the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Finally, maximal isometric strength tests of the main core and lower extremity muscles will be carried out. To record injuries, each athlete will consult a physiotherapist or sports medicine doctor affiliated with the study to get a clear diagnosis. Injury data will be recorded according to the previously published athletics consensus statement. Discussion: Results from this study protocol will contribute more insight and detailed knowledge regarding the extent of OI occurrence among elite athletes during a complete athletics season. It will also provide further insights into which risk factors are associated with the development of OI in elite athletics.
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| 20. |
- Perchthaler, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Trunk and Neck Muscle Activity in Consideration of Different Vibration Loads
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. - 1303-2968. ; 14:1, s. 155-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intention of this study was to systematically analyze the impact of biomechanical parameters in terms of different peakto- peak displacements and knee angles on trunk and neck muscle activity during whole-body vibration (WBV). 28 healthy men and women (age 23 ± 3 years) performed four static squat positions (2 peak-to-peak displacements x 2 knee angles) on a side alternating vibration platform with and without vibration stimulus. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record the neuromuscular activity of the erector spinae muscle, the rectus abdominis muscle, and of the splenius muscle. EMG levels normalized to maximal voluntary contractions ranged between 3.2 – 27.2 % MVC during WBV. The increase in muscle activity caused by WBV was significant, particularly for the back muscles, which was up to 19.0 % MVC. The impact of the factor ‘condition’ (F-values ranged from 13.4 to 132.0, p ≤ 0.001) and of the factor ‘peak-to-peak displacement’ (F-values ranged from 6.4 to 69.0 and p-values from < 0.001 to 0.01) were statistically significant for each muscle tested. However, the factor ‘knee angle’ only affected the back muscles (F-value 10.3 and 7.3, p ≤ 0.01). The results of this study should give more information for developing effective and safe training protocols for WBV treatment of the upper body.
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| 21. |
- Perchthaler, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a six-week whole-body vibration intervention on neuromuscular performance in older adults
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - 1064-8011. ; 29:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perchthaler, D, Grau, S, and Hein, T. Evaluation of a 6-week whole-body vibration intervention on neuromuscular performance in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 29(1): 86–95, 2015—Research in the field of whole-body vibration (WBV) for the enhancement of neuromuscular performance is becoming increasingly popular. However, additional understanding of optimal WBV training protocols is still necessary to develop optimal and effective training and prevention concepts, especially for elderly people. The intention of this study was to evaluate a 6-week WBV intervention program based on optimal vibration loads adapted from the literature on lower-limb strength parameters and performance, as well as on perceived exertion according to a subjective rating. A total of 21 older adults were allocated randomly into either a WBV training or control group (CO). Before and after the intervention period, jump height was measured during a countermovement jump. In addition, isolated isokinetic maximal knee extension and flexion strength, mean power, and work were recorded using a motordriven dynamometer. Borg’s scale for rating of perceived exertion was used to evaluate the intensity of WBV exercises within each training session. After the intervention period, jump height increased by 18.55% (p , 0.001) in the WBV group, whereas values of the CO remained unchanged. There were no statistically significant differences in isokinetic maximal strength, mean power, or work values in knee extension or flexion (all p . 0.05). Finally, the subjective perceived exertion of the WBV exercises and respective training parameters ranged between moderate rating levels of 7 and 13 of Borg’s scale. Our data show that WBV is a feasible and safe training program for elderly people to increase multijoint strength performance of the lower limbs during a countermovement jump. This could help to determine the potential of WBV programs in training of the elderly to prevent age-related reduction of neuromuscular performance.
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| 22. |
- Pfeiffer, Dorothea, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Imbalance Is Associated With Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke
- 2019
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 1524-4628. ; 50:2, s. 298-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose- We sought to explore the effect of genetic imbalance on functional outcome after ischemic stroke (IS). Methods- Copy number variation was identified in high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray data of IS patients from the CADISP (Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients) and SiGN (Stroke Genetics Network)/GISCOME (Genetics of Ischaemic Stroke Functional Outcome) networks. Genetic imbalance, defined as total number of protein-coding genes affected by copy number variations in an individual, was compared between patients with favorable (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2) and unfavorable (modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3) outcome after 3 months. Subgroup analyses were confined to patients with imbalance affecting ohnologs-a class of dose-sensitive genes, or to those with imbalance not affecting ohnologs. The association of imbalance with outcome was analyzed by logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, stroke subtype, stroke severity, and ancestry. Results- The study sample comprised 816 CADISP patients (age 44.2±10.3 years) and 2498 SiGN/GISCOME patients (age 67.7±14.2 years). Outcome was unfavorable in 122 CADISP and 889 SiGN/GISCOME patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that increased genetic imbalance was associated with less favorable outcome in both samples (CADISP: P=0.0007; odds ratio=0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95 and SiGN/GISCOME: P=0.0036; odds ratio=0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98). The association was independent of age, sex, stroke severity on admission, stroke subtype, and ancestry. On subgroup analysis, imbalance affecting ohnologs was associated with outcome (CADISP: odds ratio=0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95 and SiGN/GISCOME: odds ratio=0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98) whereas imbalance without ohnologs lacked such an association. Conclusions- Increased genetic imbalance was associated with poorer functional outcome after IS in both study populations. Subgroup analysis revealed that this association was driven by presence of ohnologs in the respective copy number variations, suggesting a causal role of the deleterious effects of genetic imbalance.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Rapp, W., et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of walking speed and gait symmetry in older patients after hip arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Retraining walking in patients after hip or knee arthroplasty is an important component of rehabilitation especially in older persons whose social interactions are influenced by their level of mobility. The objective of this study was to test the effect of an intensive inpatient rehabilitation program on walking speed and gait symmetry in patients after hip arthroplasty (THA) using inertial sensor technology. Methods: Twenty-nine patients undergoing a 4-week inpatient rehabilitation program following THA and 30 age-matched healthy subjects participated in this study. Walking speed and gait symmetry parameters were measured using inertial sensor device for standardized walking trials (2*20.3 m in a gym) at their self-selected normal and fast walking speeds on postoperative days 15, 21, and 27 in patients and in a single session in control subjects. Walking speed was measured using timing lights. Gait symmetry was determined using autocorrelation calculation of the cranio-caudal (CC) acceleration signals from an inertial sensor placed at the lower spine. Results: Walking speed and gait symmetry improved from postoperative days 15-27 (speed, female: 3.2 and 4.5 m/s; male: 4.2 and 5.2 m/s; autocorrelation, female: 0.77 and 0.81; male: 0.70 and 0.79; P < 0.001 for all). After the 4-week rehabilitation program, walking speed and gait symmetry were still lower than those in control subjects (speed, female 4.5 m/s vs. 5.7 m/s; male: 5.2 m/s vs. 5.3 m/s; autocorrelation, female: 0.81 vs. 0.88; male: 0.79 vs. 0.90; P < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: While patients with THA improved their walking capacity during a 4-week inpatient rehabilitation program, subsequent intensive gait training is warranted for achieving normal gait symmetry. Inertial sensor technology may be a useful tool for evaluating the rehabilitation process during the post-inpatient period.
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| 25. |
- Regmi, P., et al.
(författare)
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The future of WRRF modelling - Outlook and challenges
- 2019
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 79:1, s. 3-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wastewater industry is currently facing dramatic changes, shifting away from energy-intensive wastewater treatment towards low-energy, sustainable technologies capable of achieving energy positive operation and resource recovery. The latter will shift the focus of the wastewater industry to how one could manage and extract resources from the wastewater, as opposed to the conventional paradigm of treatment. Debatable questions arise: Can the more complex models be calibrated, or will additional unknowns be introduced? After almost 30 years using well-known International Water Association (IWA) models, should the community move to other components, processes, or model structures like 'black box' models, computational fluid dynamics techniques, etc.? Can new data sources - e.g. on-line sensor data, chemical and molecular analyses, new analytical techniques, off-gas analysis - keep up with the increasing process complexity? Are different methods for data management, data reconciliation, and fault detection mature enough for coping with such a large amount of information? Are the available calibration techniques able to cope with such complex models? This paper describes the thoughts and opinions collected during the closing session of the 6th IWA/WEF Water Resource Recovery Modelling Seminar 2018. It presents a concerted and collective effort by individuals from many different sectors of the wastewater industry to offer past and present insights, as well as an outlook into the future of wastewater modelling.
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| 26. |
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