| 1. |
- Cicardi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Icatibant, a New Bradykinin-Receptor Antagonist, in Hereditary Angioedema
- 2010
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 363:6, s. 532-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema is characterized by recurrent attacks of angioedema of the skin, larynx, and gastrointestinal tract. Bradykinin is the key mediator of symptoms. Icatibant is a selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist. METHODS In two double-blind, randomized, multicenter trials, we evaluated the effect of icatibant in patients with hereditary angioedema presenting with cutaneous or abdominal attacks. In the For Angioedema Subcutaneous Treatment (FAST) 1 trial, patients received either icatibant or placebo; in FAST-2, patients received either icatibant or oral tranexamic acid, at a dose of 3 g daily for 2 days. Icatibant was given once, subcutaneously, at a dose of 30 mg. The primary end point was the median time to clinically significant relief of symptoms. RESULTS A total of 56 and 74 patients underwent randomization in the FAST-1 and FAST-2 trials, respectively. The primary end point was reached in 2.5 hours with icatibant versus 4.6 hours with placebo in the FAST-1 trial (P=0.14) and in 2.0 hours with icatibant versus 12.0 hours with tranexamic acid in the FAST-2 trial (P<0.001). In the FAST-1 study, 3 recipients of icatibant and 13 recipients of placebo needed treatment with rescue medication. The median time to first improvement of symptoms, as assessed by patients and by investigators, was significantly shorter with icatibant in both trials. No icatibant-related serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS In patients with hereditary angioedema having acute attacks, we found a significant benefit of icatibant as compared with tranexamic acid in one trial and a nonsignificant benefit of icatibant as compared with placebo in the other trial with regard to the primary end point. The early use of rescue medication may have obscured the benefit of icatibant in the placebo trial. (Funded by Jerini; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00097695 and NCT00500656.)
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| 2. |
- Coppin, K. E. K., et al.
(författare)
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Herschel-PACS observations of [O I]63 μm towards submillimetre galaxies at z~1
- 2012
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 427:1, s. 520-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Herschel-PACS spectroscopy of the [O I]63 μm far-infrared cooling line from a sample of six unlensed and spectroscopically confirmed 870 μm selected submillimetre (submm) galaxies (SMGs) at 1.1
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| 3. |
- Hodge, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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An ALMA Survey of Submillimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Source Catalog and Multiplicity
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 768:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 0 survey of 126 submillimeter sources from the LABOCA ECDFS Submillimeter Survey (LESS). Our 870 mu m survey with ALMA (ALESS) has produced maps similar to 3x deeper and with a beam area similar to 200x smaller than the original LESS observations, doubling the current number of interferometrically-observed submillimeter sources. The high resolution of these maps allows us to resolve sources that were previously blended and accurately identify the origin of the submillimeter emission. We discuss the creation of the ALESS submillimeter galaxy (SMG) catalog, including the main sample of 99 SMGs and a supplementary sample of 32 SMGs. We find that at least 35% (possibly up to 50%) of the detected LABOCA sources have been resolved into multiple SMGs, and that the average number of SMGs per LESS source increases with LESS flux density. Using the (now precisely known) SMG positions, we empirically test the theoretical expectation for the uncertainty in the single-dish source positions. We also compare our catalog to the previously predicted radio/mid-infrared counterparts, finding that 45% of the ALESS SMGs were missed by this method. Our similar to 1 ''.6 resolution allows us to measure a size of similar to 9 kpc x 5 kpc for the rest-frame similar to 300 mu m emission region in one resolved SMG, implying a star formation rate surface density of 80 M-circle dot yr(-1) kpc(-2), and we constrain the emission regions in the remaining SMGs to be
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| 4. |
- Huynh, M. T., et al.
(författare)
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Physical conditions of the gas in an ALMA C II -identified submillimetre galaxy at z=4.44
- 2013
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966 .- 1745-3933 .- 1745-3925. ; 431:1, s. L88-L92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present (CO)-C-12(2-1) observations of the submillimetre galaxy ALESS65.1 performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 42.3 GHz. A previous Atacama Large Millimeter Array study of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South detected [C II] 157.74 mu m emission from this galaxy at a redshift of z= 4.44. No (CO)-C-12(21) emission was detected but we derive a firm upper limit to the cold gas mass in ALESS65.1 of M-gas 4 SMGs being the likely progenitors of massive red-and-dead galaxies at z > 2. The ratio of the [CII], (CO)-C-12 and far-infrared luminosities implies a strong far-ultraviolet field of G(0) greater than or similar to 103, as seen in Galactic star-forming regions or local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). The observed L-[C II]/L-FIR = 2.3 x 10(-3) is high compared to local ULIRGs and, combined withLL([CII])/L-CO greater than or similar to 2700, it is consistent with ALESS65.1 either having an extended (several kpc) [C II] emitting region or lower than solar metallicity.
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| 5. |
- Karim, A., et al.
(författare)
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An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: high-resolution 870 mu m source counts
- 2013
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 432:1, s. 2-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first counts of faint submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) in the 870-mu m band derived from arcsecond-resolution observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). We have used ALMA to map a sample of 122 870-mu m-selected submillimetre sources drawn from the 0 degrees.5x0 degrees.5 the Large Apex BOlometer CAmera (LABOCA) Extended Chandra Deep Field South submillimetre survey (LESS). These ALMA maps have an average depth of sigma 870(mu m) similar to 0.4 mJy, some approximately three times deeper than the original LABOCA survey and critically the angular resolution is more than an order of magnitude higher, FWHM of similar to 1.5 arcsec compared to similar to 19 arcsec for the LABOCA discovery map. This combination of sensitivity and resolution allows us to precisely pinpoint the SMGs contributing to the submillimetre sources from the LABOCA map, free from the effects of confusion. We show that our ALMA-derived SMG counts broadly agree with the submillimetre source counts from previous, lower resolution single-dish surveys, demonstrating that the bulk of the submillimetre sources are not caused by blending of unresolved SMGs. The difficulty which well-constrained theoretical models have in reproducing the high surface densities of SMGs, thus remains. However, our observations do show that all of the very brightest sources in the LESS sample, S-870 (mu m) greater than or similar to 12 mJy, comprise emission from multiple, fainter SMGs, each with 870-mu m fluxes of less than or similar to 9 mJy. This implies a natural limit to the star formation rate in SMGs of less than or similar to 10(3) M-circle dot yr(-1), which in turn suggests that the space densities of z > 1 galaxies with gas masses in excess of similar to 5 x 10(10) M-circle dot is
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| 6. |
- Swinbank, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South: detection of C II at z=4.4
- 2012
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 427:2, s. 1066-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) 870-mu m (345-GHz) observations of two submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) drawn from an ALMA study of the 126 submillimetre sources from the LABOCA Extended Chandra Deep Field-South Survey (LESS). The ALMA data identify the counterparts to these previously unidentified submillimetre sources and serendipitously detect bright emission lines in their spectra which we show are most likely to be [CII] 157.74 mu m emission yielding redshifts of z = 4.42 and 4.44. This blind detection rate within the 7.5-GHz bandpass of ALMA is consistent with the previously derived photometric redshift distribution of SMGs and suggests a modest, but not dominant (less than or similar to 25 per cent), tail of 870-mu m selected SMGs at z greater than or similar to 4. We find that the ratio of L-[CII]/L-FIR in these SMGs is much higher than seen for similarly far-infrared-luminous galaxies at z similar to 0, which is attributed to the more extended gas reservoirs in these high-redshift ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Indeed, in one system we show that the [C II] emission shows hints of extended emission on greater than or similar to 3 kpc scales. Finally, we use the volume probed by our ALMA survey to show that the bright end of the [CII] luminosity function evolves strongly between z = 0 and similar to 4.4, reflecting the increased interstellar medium cooling in galaxies as a result of their higher star formation rates. These observations demonstrate that even with short integrations, ALMA is able to detect the dominant fine-structure cooling lines from high-redshift ULIRGs, measure their energetics and spatially resolved properties and trace their evolution with redshift.
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| 7. |
- Decarli, R., et al.
(författare)
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An Alma Survey of Sub-Millimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Sub-Millimeter Properties of Color-Selected Galaxies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 780:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the sub-millimeter properties of color-selected galaxies via a stacking analysis applied for the first time to interferometric data at sub-millimeter wavelengths. We base our study on 344 GHz ALMA continuum observations of similar to 20 ''-wide fields centered on 86 sub-millimeter sources detected in the LABOCA Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS) Sub-millimeter Survey. We select various classes of galaxies (K-selected, star-forming sBzK galaxies, extremely red objects, and distant red galaxies) according to their optical/near-infrared fluxes. We find clear, >10 sigma detections in the stacked images of all these galaxy classes. We include in our stacking analysis Herschel/SPIRE data to constrain the dust spectral energy distribution of these galaxies. We find that their dust emission is well described by a modified blackbody with T-dust approximate to 30 K and beta = 1.6 and infrared luminosities of (5-11) x 10(11) L-circle dot or implied star formation rates of 75-140 M-circle dot yr(-1). We compare our results with those of previous studies based on single-dish observations at 870 mu m and find that our flux densities are a factor 2-3 higher than previous estimates. The discrepancy is observed also after removing sources individually detected in ALESS maps. We report a similar discrepancy by repeating our analysis on 1.4 GHz observations of the whole ECDFS. Hence, we find tentative evidence that galaxies that are associated in projected and redshift space with sub-mm bright sources are brighter than the average population. Finally, we put our findings in the context of the cosmic star formation rate density as a function of redshift.
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| 8. |
- Gonzalez-Alfonso, E., et al.
(författare)
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Herschel observations of water vapour in Markarian 231
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 518:Article Number: L43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ultra luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) Mrk 231 reveals up to seven rotational lines of water (H2O) in emission, including a very high-lying (Eupper = 640 K) line detected at a 4 sigma level, within the Herschel/SPIRE wavelength range (190
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Simpson, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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AN ALMA SURVEY OF SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES IN THE EXTENDED CHANDRA DEEP FIELD SOUTH: THE REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTION AND EVOLUTION OF SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES
- 2014
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 788:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first photometric redshift distribution for a large sample of 870 mu m submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with robust identifications based on observations with ALMA. In our analysis we consider 96 SMGs in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South, 77 of which have 4-19 band photometry. We model the SEDs for these 77 SMGs, deriving a median photometric redshift of z(phot) = 2.3 +/- 0.1. The remaining 19 SMGs have insufficient photometry to derive photometric redshifts, but a stacking analysis of Herschel observations confirms they are not spurious. Assuming that these SMGs have an absolute H-band magnitude distribution comparable to that of a complete sample of z similar to 1-2 SMGs, we demonstrate that they lie at slightly higher redshifts, raising the median redshift for SMGs to zphot = 2.5 +/- 0.2. Critically we show that the proportion of galaxies undergoing an SMG-like phase at z >= 3 is at most 35% +/- 5% of the total population. We derive a median stellar mass of M star = (8 +/- 1) x 10(10) M circle dot, although there are systematic uncertainties of up to 5 x for individual sources. Assuming that the star formation activity in SMGs has a timescale of similar to 100 Myr, we show that their descendants at z similar to 0 would have a space density and MH distribution that are in good agreement with those of local ellipticals. In addition, the inferred mass-weighted ages of the local ellipticals broadly agree with the look-back times of the SMG events. Taken together, these results are consistent with a simple model that identifies SMGs as events that form most of the stars seen in the majority of luminous elliptical galaxies at the present day.
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| 12. |
- Swinbank, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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An ALMA survey of sub-millimetre Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: the far-infrared properties of SMGs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 438:2, s. 1267-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We exploit Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) 870 mu m observations of sub-millimetre sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South to investigate the far-infrared properties of high-redshift sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs). Using the precisely located 870 mu m ALMA positions of 99 SMGs, together with 24 mu m and radio imaging, we deblend the Herschel/SPIRE imaging to extract their far-infrared fluxes and colours. The median redshifts for ALMA LESS (ALESS) SMGs which are detected in at least two SPIRE bands increases with wavelength of the peak in their spectral energy distributions (SEDs), with z = 2.3 +/- 0.2, 2.5 +/- 0.3 and 3.5 +/- 0.5 for the 250, 350 and 500 mu m peakers, respectively. 34 ALESS SMGs do not have a >3 sigma counterpart at 250, 350 or 500 mu m. These galaxies have a median photometric redshift derived from the rest-frame UV-mid-infrared SEDs of z = 3.3 +/- 0.5, which is higher than the full ALESS SMG sample; z = 2.5 +/- 0.2. We estimate the far-infrared luminosities and characteristic dust temperature of each SMG, deriving L-IR = (3.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(12) L-circle dot (SFR = 300 +/- 30 M-circle dot yr(-1)) and T-d = 32 +/- 1 K. The characteristic dust temperature of these high-redshift SMGs is Delta T-d = 3-5K lower than comparably luminous galaxies at z = 0, reflecting the more extended star formation in these systems. We show that the contribution of S-870 mu m >= 1 mJy SMGs to the cosmic star formation budget is 20 per cent of the total over the redshift range z similar to 1-4. Adopting an appropriate gas-to-dust ratio, we estimate a typical molecular mass of the ALESS SMGs of M-H2 = (4.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(10) M-circle dot. Finally, we show that SMGs with S-870 mu m > 1 mJy (L-IR greater than or similar to 10(12) L-circle dot) contain similar to 10 per cent of the z similar to 2 volume-averaged H-2 mass density.
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| 13. |
- van der Werf, P.P., et al.
(författare)
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Black hole accretion and star formation as drivers of gas excitation and chemistry in Markarian 231
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 518:Article Number: L42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a full high resolution SPIRE FTS spectrum of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy Mrk 231. In total 25 lines are detected, including CO J = 5-4 through J = 13-12, 7 rotational lines of H2O, 3 of OH+ and one line each of H2O+, CH+, and HF. We find that the excitation of the CO rotational levels up to J = 8 can be accounted for by UV radiation from star formation. However, the approximately flat luminosity distribution of the CO lines over the rotational ladder above J = 8 requires the presence of a separate source of excitation for the highest CO lines. We explore X-ray heating by the accreting supermassive black hole in Mrk 231 as a source of excitation for these lines, and find that it can reproduce the observed luminosities. We also consider a model with dense gas in a strong UV radiation field to produce the highest CO lines, but find that this model strongly overpredicts the hot dust mass in Mrk 231. Our favoured model consists of a star forming disk of radius 560 pc, containing clumps of dense gas exposed to strong UV radiation, dominating the emission of CO lines up to J = 8. X-rays from the accreting supermassive black hole in Mrk 231 dominate the excitation and chemistry of the inner disk out to a radius of 160 pc, consistent with the X-ray power of the AGN in Mrk 231. The extraordinary luminosity of the OH+ and H2O+ lines reveals the signature of X-ray driven excitation and chemistry in this region.
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| 14. |
- Applegate, Patrick J., et al.
(författare)
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An assessment of key model parametric uncertainties in projections of Greenland ice sheet behavior
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 6:3, s. 589-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lack of knowledge about the values of ice sheet model input parameters introduces substantial uncertainty into projections of Greenland Ice Sheet contributions to future sea level rise. Computer models of ice sheet behavior provide one of several means of estimating future sea level rise due to mass loss from ice sheets. Such models have many input parameters whose values are not well known. Recent studies have investigated the effects of these parameters on model output, but the range of potential future sea level increases due to model parametric uncertainty has not been characterized. Here, we demonstrate that this range is large, using a 100-member perturbed-physics ensemble with the SICOPOLIS ice sheet model. Each model run is spun up over 125 000 yr using geological forcings and subsequently driven into the future using an asymptotically increasing air temperature anomaly curve. All modeled ice sheets lose mass after 2005 AD. Parameters controlling surface melt dominate the model response to temperature change. After culling the ensemble to include only members that give reasonable ice volumes in 2005 AD, the range of projected sea level rise values in 2100 AD is similar to 40 % or more of the median. Data on past ice sheet behavior can help reduce this uncertainty, but none of our ensemble members produces a reasonable ice volume change during the mid-Holocene, relative to the present. This problem suggests that the model's exponential relation between temperature and precipitation does not hold during the Holocene, or that the central-Greenland temperature forcing curve used to drive the model is not representative of conditions around the ice margin at this time (among other possibilities). Our simulations also lack certain observed physical processes that may tend to enhance the real ice sheet's response. Regardless, this work has implications for other studies that use ice sheet models to project or hindcast the behavior of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Sjövall, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of distribution of topically applied drug molecules in mouse skin by combination of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 86:7, s. 3443-3452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the development of topical drugs intended for local effects in the skin, one of the major challenges is to achieve drug penetration through the external barrier of the skin, stratum corneum, and secure exposure to the viable skin layers. Mass spectrometric imaging offers an opportunity to study drug penetration in a variety of skin models by mapping the spatial distribution indifferent skin layers after topical application of the drug. In this study, we used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to image the distribution of three drug molecules in skin tissue cross sections of inflamed mouse ear. The three compounds, roflumilast, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib, were topically administered to the mouse ears, which were subsequently cryosectioned and thawed for the analyses. The results reveal that the combination of TOF-SIMS and SEM was beneficial for interpretation of drug distribution. SEM identified the different skin layers, while spatial distributions of all three compounds could be visualized by TOF-SIMS, showing that the drug was primarily distributed into, or on the top of, the stratum corneum. Imaging of endogenous skin components like cholesterol, phospholipids, ceramides, and free fatty acids showed distributions in good agreement with the literature. One limitation of the TOF-SIMS method is sensitivity, typically allowing for analysis in the millimolar range rather than the pharmacologically relevant micromolar range. However, the data presented demonstrate the potential of the technique for studying the penetration of drugs with different physicochemical properties in skin.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Soennesyn, H, et al.
(författare)
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White matter hyperintensities and the course of depressive symptoms in elderly people with mild dementia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra. - : S. Karger AG. - 1664-5464. ; 2, s. 97-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Objectives:</i> To explore the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and the prevalence and course of depressive symptoms in mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia. <i>Design:</i> This is a prospective cohort study conducted in secondary care outpatient clinics in western Norway. <i>Subjects:</i> The study population consisted of 77 elderly people with mild dementia diagnosed according to standardised criteria. <i>Methods:</i> Structured clinical interviews and physical, neurological, psychiatric, and neuropsychological examinations were performed and routine blood tests were taken. Depression was assessed using the depression subitem of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). A standardised protocol for magnetic resonance imaging scan was used, and the volumes of WMH were quantified using an automated method, followed by manual editing. <i>Results:</i> The volumes of total and frontal deep WMH were significantly and positively correlated with baseline severity of depressive symptoms, and depressed patients had significantly higher volumes of total and frontal deep WMH than non-depressed patients. Higher volumes of WMH were also associated with having a high MADRS score and incident and persistent depression at follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, frontal deep WMH, in addition to prior depression and non-AD dementia, were still significantly associated with baseline depressive symptoms (p = 0.015, OR 3.703, 95% CI 1.294–10.593). Similar results emerged for total WMH. <i>Conclusion:</i> In elderly people with mild dementia, volumes of WMH, in particular frontal deep WMH, were positively correlated with baseline severity of depressive symptoms, and seemed to be associated with persistent and incident depression at follow-up. Further studies of the mechanisms that determine the course of depression in mild dementia are needed.
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