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- Wraith, Calvin, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of nuclear structure in neutron-rich odd-Zn isotopes and isomers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 771, s. 385-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collinear laser spectroscopy was performed on Zn (Z = 30) isotopes at ISOLDE, CERN. The study of hyperfine spectra of nuclei across the Zn isotopic chain, N = 33–49, allowed the measurement of nuclear spins for the ground and isomeric states in odd-A neutron-rich nuclei up to N = 50. Exactly one longlived (>10 ms) isomeric state has been established in each 69–79Zn isotope. The nuclear magnetic dipole moments and spectroscopic quadrupole moments are well reproduced by large-scale shell–model calculations in the f5pg9 and fpg9d5 model spaces, thus establishing the dominant term in their wave function. The magnetic moment of the intruder Iπ = 1/2+ isomer in 79Zn is reproduced only if the νs1/2 orbital is added to the valence space, as realized in the recently developed PFSDG-U interaction.The spin and moments of the low-lying isomeric state in 73Zn suggest a strong onset of deformation at N = 43, while the progression towards 79Zn points to the stability of the Z = 28 and N = 50 shell gaps, supporting the magicity of 78Ni
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- Xie, L., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear charge radii of Zn62-80 and their dependence on cross-shell proton excitations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear charge radii of Zn62-80 have been determined using collinear laser spectroscopy of bunched ion beams at CERN-ISOLDE. The subtle variations of observed charge radii, both within one isotope and along the full range of neutron numbers, are found to be well described in terms of the proton excitations across the Z = 28 shell gap, as predicted by large-scale shell model calculations. It comprehensively explains the changes in isomer-to-ground state mean square charge radii of Zn69-79, the inversion of the odd-even staggering around N = 40 and the odd-even staggering systematics of the Zn charge radii. With two protons above Z = 28, the observed charge radii of the Zn isotopic chain show a cumulative effect of different aspects of nuclear structure including single particle structure, shell closure, correlations and deformations near the proposed doubly magic nuclei, Ni-68 and Ni-78. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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- Veldwijk, Jorien, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring how individuals complete the choice tasks in a discrete choice experiment : an interview study
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Research Methodology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2288. ; 16:45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTo be able to make valid inferences on stated preference data from a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) it is essential that researchers know if participants were actively involved, understood and interpreted the provided information correctly and whether they used complex decision strategies to make their choices and thereby acted in accordance with the continuity axiom.MethodsDuring structured interviews, we explored how 70 participants evaluated and completed four discrete choice tasks aloud. Hereafter, additional questions were asked to further explore if participants understood the information that was provided to them and whether they used complex decision strategies (continuity axiom) when making their choices. Two existing DCE questionnaires on rotavirus vaccination and prostate cancer-screening served as case studies.ResultsA large proportion of the participants was not able to repeat the exact definition of the risk attributes as explained to them in the introduction of the questionnaire. The majority of the participants preferred more optimal over less optimal risk attribute levels. Most participants (66 %) mentioned three or more attributes when motivating their decisions, thereby acting in accordance with the continuity axiom. However, 16 out of 70 participants continuously mentioned less than three attributes when motivating their decision. Lower educated and less literate participants tended to mention less than three attributes when motivating their decision and used trading off between attributes less often as a decision-making strategy.ConclusionThe majority of the participants seemed to have understood the provided information about the choice tasks, the attributes, and the levels. They used complex decision strategies (continuity axiom) and are therefore capable to adequately complete a DCE. However, based on the participants’ age, educational level and health literacy additional, actions should be undertaken to ensure that participants understand the choice tasks and complete the DCE as presumed.
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- Whichello, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Factors and Situations Affecting the Value of Patient Preference Studies : Semi-Structured Interviews in Europe and the US
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1663-9812. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Patient preference information (PPI) is gaining recognition among the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and health technology assessment (HTA) bodies/payers for use in assessments and decision-making along the medical product lifecycle (MPLC). This study aimed to identify factors and situations that influence the value of patient preference studies (PPS) in decision-making along the MPLC according to different stakeholders.Methods: Semi-structured interviews (n = 143) were conducted with six different stakeholder groups (physicians, academics, industry representatives, regulators, HTA/payer representatives, and a combined group of patients, caregivers, and patient representatives) from seven European countries (the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy, Romania, Germany, France, and the Netherlands) and the United States. Framework analysis was performed using NVivo 11 software.Results: Fifteen factors affecting the value of PPS in the MPLC were identified. These are related to: study organization (expertise, financial resources, study duration, ethics and good practices, patient centeredness), study design (examining patient and/or other preferences, ensuring representativeness, matching method to research question, matching method to MPLC stage, validity and reliability, cognitive burden, patient education, attribute development), and study conduct (patients’ ability/willingness to participate and preference heterogeneity). Three types of situations affecting the use of PPS results were identified (stakeholder acceptance, market situations, and clinical situations).Conclusion: The factors and situation types affecting the value of PPS, as identified in this study, need to be considered when designing and conducting PPS in order to promote the integration of PPI into decision-making along the MPLC.
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