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- Högnäs, Robin S., et al.
(författare)
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The Intergenerational Transmission of Early Childbearing : Examining Direct and Indirect Associations in a Swedish Birth Cohort
- 2019
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Ingår i: Behavioral Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-328X. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Research shows that early childbearing is associated negatively with educational attainment and socioeconomic status (SES). Children born to young versus older mothers often do less well in school, and many have early first births. Some studies suggest that mothers' early childbearing operates through SES to influence the daughters' early childbearing, and some argue that the association is strong net of SES. The current study tests these direct and indirect associations. Methods. We estimate the pathways through which mothers' early childbearing influences daughters' early childbearing in several steps. First, we examine bivariate associations between mothers' early childbearing and SES, followed by bivariate associations between mothers' SES outcomes and their daughters' early childbearing. We then estimate the average marginal effects (AMEs) of mothers' early children on daughters', and a KHB decomposition to examine direct and indirect associations. Results. Findings suggest both direct and indirect associations. Nested models show that, net of a range of SES characteristics, mothers' early childbearing increases the probability of daughters' by approximately 8%; and KHB results suggest 37% mediation, with daughters' school performance (12%) and household educational attainment (10%) contributing the highest shares. Conclusion. Mothers' early childbearing and subsequent SES collectively influence the long-term wellbeing of children. Thus, early childbearing has consequences both within and across generations.
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| 2. |
- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep duration and mortality - Does weekend sleep matter?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 28:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have found a U-shaped relationship between mortality and (weekday) sleep duration. We here address the association of both weekday and weekend sleep duration with overall mortality. A cohort of 43,880 subjects was followed for 13 years through record-linkages. Cox proportional hazards regression models with attained age as time-scale were fitted to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for mortality; stratified analyses on age (<65 years, >= 65 years) were conducted. Among individuals <65 years old, short sleep (<= 5 hr) during weekends at baseline was associated with a 52% higher mortality rate (hazard ratios 1.52; 95% confidence intervals 1.15-2.02) compared with the reference group (7 hr), while no association was observed for long (>= 9 hr) weekend sleep. When, instead, different combinations of weekday and weekend sleep durations were analysed, we observed a detrimental association with consistently sleeping <= 5 hr (hazard ratios 1.65; 95% confidence intervals 1.22-2.23) or >= 8 hr (hazard ratios 1.25; 95% confidence intervals 1.05-1.50), compared with consistently sleeping 6-7 hr per day (reference). The mortality rate among participants with short sleep during weekdays, but long sleep during weekends, did not differ from the rate of the reference group. Among individuals >= 65 years old, no association between weekend sleep or weekday/weekend sleep durations and mortality was observed. In conclusion, short, but not long, weekend sleep was associated with an increased mortality in subjects <65 years. In the same age group, short sleep (or long sleep) on both weekdays and weekend showed increased mortality. Possibly, long weekend sleep may compensate for short weekday sleep.
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