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Sökning: WFRF:(Guo Hua) > (2020-2024)

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1.
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2.
  • Guo, Jia Wei, et al. (författare)
  • 2D Co metal-organic framework nanosheet as an oxidase-like nanozyme for sensitive biomolecule monitoring
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Rare Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1001-0521 .- 1867-7185. ; 42:3, s. 797-805
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Nanozyme-based biomolecules sensitive and quantitative detection is an attractive strategy due to their high chemical, thermal stability and reactive activity. Here, we have synthesized a significant number of two-dimensional (2D) cobalt-metal-organic framework (Co-MOF) nanosheets with oxidase (OXD)-like activity using a facile solvothermal method in one pot for biomolecule monitoring. The synthesized Co-MOF nanosheets exhibit strong stability, higher specific surface area and more active sites due to their MOF structure. Such Co-MOF nanosheets with excellent OXD-like activity show adequate analytical performance in the quantitative determination of dopamine (DA) and glutathione (GSH) with a wider dynamic sensing range and lower detection limits (DA and GSH: 0.24 and 0.067 μmol·L−1, 3σ/slope, where σ is standard deviation of the blank). This work extends the application of 2D-MOF structures in bioassays and brings new insights into the application of OXD-like nanozymes in bioassays. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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3.
  • Kanoni, Stavroula, et al. (författare)
  • Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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4.
  • Zhang, Qi, et al. (författare)
  • Scored-GLIM as an effective tool to assess nutrition status and predict survival in patients with cancer
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 40:6, s. 4225-4233
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) released new universal criteria for diagnosing and grading malnutrition, and calls for further investigations not only in different clinical setting but also in GLIM itself including reference value, combination and weight of different GLIM criteria. This study aimed to weigh the GLIM criteria and develop a scored-GLIM system, and then validate as well as evaluate its application in nutritional assessment and survival prediction for patients with cancer. Design: A total of 3547 patients in the primary cohort and 415 patients in the validation cohort were included in the study. Patients' nutritional status were retrospectively assessed using the GLIM criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between nutritional status and overall survival (OS). A nomogram was produced to quantify the GLIM criteria and develop the scored-GLIM system. C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve analyses were performed to validate the predictive accuracy and discriminatory capacity of the scored-GLIM. Finally, a decision curve was applied to assess the clinical utility of the scored-GLIM system. Results: In the primary cohort, 70.3% of patients were diagnosed as malnutrition. The malnutrition severity grading according to the GLIM criteria were associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer (HR 1.42,1.23 to 1.65 for moderate malnutrition; HR 1.80,1.84 to 2.09 for severe malnutrition). The weight of each GLIM criteria was calculated, and unintentional weight loss was the most determining factor acting upon mortality (HR 1.82, 1.64 to 2.10 for stage II and HR 1.50, 1.31 to 1.73 for stage I). A nomogram was constructed by four factors of GLIM to weigh the GLIM criteria. The areas under the ROC curve were 65.3 (1-year ROC) and 65.5 (3-year ROC), and the C-index was 0.62, and the calibration curves fitted well. Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the scored-GLIM system. Conclusion: The accuracy and net clinical benefit of scored-GLIM system were similar to scored-PG-SGA but higher than GLIM both in nutrition assessment and in survival prediction for patients with cancer. These findings, along with its time-savings advantages over scored-PG-SGA, suggest scored-GLIM be a better nutritional assessment tool. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
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5.
  • Zhang, Wei, et al. (författare)
  • Surgical treatment of low-grade brain tumors associated with epilepsy
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GLIOBLASTOMA. - LONDON ENGLAND : Elsevier. - 9780128211144 ; , s. 171-183
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To explore the strategy of surgical treatment of low-grade brain tumors associated with epilepsy. Methods: Clinical data of 158 patients with low-grade brain tumors were collected from January 2011 to December 2017 in Guangdong Sanjiu brain hospital. All patients received Preoperative evaluation. Lesion site: 18 cases were located in multiple cerebral lobes, 10 cases were in the functional zones, 130 cases were in the non-functional zones (including 74 cases were in the medial of temporal lobe). The surgical strategy included subtotal resection, gross-total resection and enlarged resection. Postoperative effects were evaluated by Engel classification. Results: A total of 158 patients underwent surgical treatment, among these patients, only 1 patient underwent intracranial electrode implantation. Surgical methods: 34 cases of subtotal resection, 3 cases of gross-total resection, 119 cases of enlarged resection (including Anterior temporal lobectomy in 74 cases) and 2 case of Selective hippocampal amygdalectomy. The final pathology suggested that there are 74 cases of ganglionglioma, 25 cases of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, 9 cases of pilocytic astrocytoma, 16 cases of oligodendroglioma, 10 cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, 4 case of diffuse astrocytoma, 9 cases of unclassified astrocytoma, 11 case of oligoastrocytoma. The follow-up time was between 1 and 7 years, with an average of 3.44 +/- 1.77 years. Postoperative recovery: 147 patients had an Engel Class I outcome, 10 patients were in Engel Class II, 1 patient was in Class IV. Conclusion: The strategy of surgical treatment of low-grade brain tumors associated with epilepsy should pay more attention to the preoperative assessment of the epileptogenic zone. The tumor is not exactly the same as the epileptogenic zone, and the strategy of surgical treatment depends on the tumor feature as well as whether it was located in temporal lobe or involved in functional areas.
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6.
  • Bai, Yang, et al. (författare)
  • Geometry design of tethered small-molecule acceptor enables highly stable and efficient polymer solar cells
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the power conversion efficiency of binary polymer solar cells dramatically improved, the thermal stability of the small-molecule acceptors raised the main concerns on the device operating stability. Here, to address this issue, thiophene-dicarboxylate spacer tethered small-molecule acceptors are designed, and their molecular geometries are further regulated via the thiophene-core isomerism engineering, affording dimeric TDY-alpha with a 2, 5-substitution and TDY-beta with 3, 4-substitution on the core. It shows that TDY-alpha processes a higher glass transition temperature, better crystallinity relative to its individual small-molecule acceptor segment and isomeric counterpart of TDY-beta, and amore stablemorphology with the polymer donor. As a result, the TDY-alpha based device delivers a higher device efficiency of 18.1%, and most important, achieves an extrapolated lifetime of about 35000 hours that retaining 80% of their initial efficiency. Our result suggests that with proper geometry design, the tethered small-molecule acceptors can achieve both high device efficiency and operating stability.
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7.
  • Campbell, PJ, et al. (författare)
  • Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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10.
  • Chen, Jun-Tong, et al. (författare)
  • Corydalis sunhangii (Papaveraceae) : A new species from Xizang, China, based on plastome and morphological data
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 14:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A new species of Papaveraceae, Corydalis sunhangii, in the section Trachycarpae, is described and illustrated from Nyingchi City, Xizang, China. The new species has some resemblance to Corydalis kingdonis, but differs by radical leaves prominent, usually several, blade tripinnate (vs. insignificant, few, blade bi- to triternate); cauline leaf usually one, much smaller than radical leaves, usually situated in lower half of stem (vs. usually two, larger than radical leaves, concentrated in upper third of stem); racemes densely 13-35-flowered (vs. rather lax, 4-11-flowered); claw of lower petal shallowly saccate (vs. very prominently and deeply saccate); capsule oblong, with raised lines of dense papillae (vs. broadly obovoid, smooth). Phylogenetic analysis, based on 68 protein-coding plastid genes of 49 samples, shows that C. sunhangii is not closely related to any hitherto described species, which is consistent with our morphological analysis.
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11.
  • Chen, Lu, et al. (författare)
  • Fourteen complete mitochondrial genomes of butterflies from the genus Lethe (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) with mitogenome-based phylogenetic analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-7543. ; 112:6, s. 4435-4441
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) can help us understand the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Lethe and the subfamily Satyrinae. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of 14 Lethe species, which range in size from 15,225 to 15,271 bp, with both 37 genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs) and a noncoding A + T-rich region. The gene arrangement and orientation is similar to typical mitogenomes of Lepidoptera. The Ka/Ks ratio shows that cox1 has the slowest evolutionary rate. The secondary structure of trnN lacks the Pseudouracil loop (TψC loop) in most Lethe species. The inferred phylogenetic analyses show that Lethe is a well-supported monophyletic group, and reveal 2 major clades within the genus Lethe, which is consistent with previous morphological classifications.
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12.
  • Chen, Zhishan, et al. (författare)
  • Fine-mapping analysis including over 254 000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV. Our cis-eQTL/mQTL and colocalization analyses using colorectal tissue-specific transcriptome and methylome data separately from 1299 and 321 individuals, along with functional genomic investigation, uncovered 136 putative CRC susceptibility genes, including 56 genes not previously reported. Analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data from colorectal tissues revealed 17 putative CRC susceptibility genes with distinct expression patterns in specific cell types. Analyses of whole exome sequencing data provided additional support for several target genes identified in this study as CRC susceptibility genes. Enrichment analyses of the 136 genes uncover pathways not previously linked to CRC risk. Our study substantially expanded association signals for CRC and provided additional insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.
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13.
  • Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al. (författare)
  • Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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14.
  • Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres, et al. (författare)
  • Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55, s. 89-99
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 100,204 CRC cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestry, identifying 205 independent risk associations, of which 50 were unreported. We performed integrative genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses across large bowel mucosa and other tissues. Transcriptome- and methylome-wide association studies revealed an additional 53 risk associations. We identified 155 high-confidence effector genes functionally linked to CRC risk, many of which had no previously established role in CRC. These have multiple different functions and specifically indicate that variation in normal colorectal homeostasis, proliferation, cell adhesion, migration, immunity and microbial interactions determines CRC risk. Crosstissue analyses indicated that over a third of effector genes most probably act outside the colonic mucosa. Our findings provide insights into colorectal oncogenesis and highlight potential targets across tissues for new CRC treatment and chemoprevention strategies.
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15.
  • Fu, Pan, et al. (författare)
  • Metasurface Enabled On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Vector Beams from Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; In Press
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Metasurface polarization optics that consist of 2D array of birefringent nano-antennas have proven remarkable capabilities to generate and manipulate vectorial fields with subwavelength resolution and high efficiency. Integrating this new type of metasurface with the standard vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) platform enables an ultracompact and powerful solution to control both phase and polarization properties of the laser on a chip, which allows to structure a VCSEL into vector beams with on-demand wavefronts. Here, this concept is demonstrated by directly generating versatile vector beams from commercially available VCSELs through on-chip integration of high-index dielectric metasurfaces. Experimentally, the versatility of the approach for the development of vectorial VCSELs are validated by implementing a variety of functionalities, including directional emission of multibeam with specified polarizations, vectorial holographic display, and vector vortex beams generations. Notably, the proposed vectorial VCSELs integrated with a single layer of beam shaping metasurface bypass the requirements of multiple cascaded optical components, and thus have the potential to promote the advancements of ultracompact, lightweight, and scalable vector beams sources, enriching and expanding the applications of VCSELs in optical communications, laser manipulation and processing, information encryption, and quantum optics.
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16.
  • Guo, Hua, et al. (författare)
  • Barium Titanium Oxynitride from Ammonia-Free Nitridation of Reduced BaTiO3
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Inorganics. - : MDPI AG. - 2304-6740. ; 9:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigated the nitridation of reduced BaTiO3, BaTiO2.60H0.08, corresponding to an oxyhydride with a large concentration of O defects (>10%). The material is readily nitrided under flowing N2 gas at temperatures between 400 and 450 °C to yield oxynitrides BaTiO2.6Nx (x = 0.2−0.22) with a slightly tetragonally distorted perovskite structure, a ≈ 4.01 and c ≈ 4.02 Å, and Ti partially remaining in the oxidation state III. The tetragonal structure was confirmed from Raman spectroscopy. 14N MAS NMR spectroscopy shows a single resonance at 270 ppm, which is typical for perovskite transition metal oxynitrides. However, largely different signal intensity for materials with very similar N content suggests N/O/vacancy ordering when prolonging nitridation times to hours. Diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy shows a reduction of the intrinsic band gap to 2.4–2.45 eV compared to BaTiO3 (~3.2 eV). Mott-Schottky measurements confirm n-type conductivity and reveal a slight negative shift of the conduction band edge from –0.59 V (BaTiO3) to ~–0.65 eV.
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17.
  • Guo, Hua, et al. (författare)
  • Quantitative phase analyses of biomedical pyrophosphate-bearing monetite and brushite cements by solid-state NMR and powder XRD
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 46:8, s. 11000-11012
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a comprehensive composition analysis of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) incorporating increasing amounts of bioactive pyrophosphate species (up to 17 wt% P2O7). These cements comprise primarily poorly ordered monetite (CaHPO4) or brushite (CaHPO4 center dot 2H(2)O) and are investigated for enhanced osteoinductive bone/tooth implants. The specimens were characterized by magic-angle spinning (MAS) P-31 and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy along with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). P-31 MAS NMR was employed to quantify the major monetite/brushite constituents, the crystalline and amorphous pyrophosphates, as well as various minor orthophosphate by-products. The NMR-derived contents of the crystalline phases accorded well with those from Rietveld analyses of the corresponding PXRD data. The amounts of crystalline and amorphous pyrophosphate depended on the precise cement precursor mixture and preparation conditions, which together with their distinct structural roles may enable the design of cements with a tunable P2O74 - release into aqueous solutions.
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18.
  • Guo, Hua, 1990- (författare)
  • Structural characterization of complex inorganic materials using solid-state NMR spectroscopy
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Over the past decades, advancements in technology have relied greatly on the development of new functional inorganic materials. Detailed structural characterization of these materials is key for the understanding and also prediction of chemical and physical properties. The structural characterization of complex inorganic materials is typically conducted by a combination of multiple methods. Solid-state NMR brings several advantages because it is element-specific, non-destructive and allows local-chemical-structure elucidation for composite materials, disordered and interfacial structures. This thesis focuses on the application of solid-state NMR for structural characterization of two classes of complex inorganic materials. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been widely applied as bone-substitution materials. The structures of the setting cements are vital for understanding their behaviors in setting and bone-regeneration processes and functions of different additives. In this thesis two types of CPCs, with different additives, were investigated. The different components in the cements could be identified and quantified with solid-state NMR. Correlation spectra were established that helped in probing the structural relationship between different phases. Mixed-anion perovskite compounds AB(O,X)3 (X = N, F, H, OH, etc.) have been intensively investigated because of their unique properties for different applications as introduced by the mixed anion environment for the transition metal component B. Because of the lability of hydride oxyhydrides emerged as versatile precursors for the synthesis of other mixed-anion compounds and oxynitrides are extensively investigated for their photocatalytic activity and dielectric properties. In this thesis the oxyhydrides BaTiO3-xHx and SrVO2H were synthesized and their subsequent conversions to oxynitrides were investigated. Solid-state NMR was used to probe the local chemical environments of H and N incorporated in the perovskite anion substructure. 1H NMR proved especially to be useful in the quantification of H which is very difficult to accomplish by other methods.
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19.
  • Guo, Hua, et al. (författare)
  • Trapping of different stages of BaTiO3 reduction with LiH
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 10:58, s. 35356-35365
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigated the hydride reduction of tetragonal BaTiO3 using LiH. The reactions employed molar H : BaTiO3 ratios of 1.2, 3, and 10 and variable temperatures up to 700 °C. The air-stable reduced products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and 1H magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Effective reduction, as indicated by the formation of dark blue to black colored, cubic-phased, products was observed at temperatures as low as 300 °C. The product obtained at 300 °C corresponded to oxyhydride BaTiO∼2.9H∼0.1, whereas reduction at higher temperatures resulted in simultaneous O defect formation, BaTiO2.9−xH0.1□x, and eventually – at temperatures above 450 °C – to samples void of hydridic H. Concomitantly, the particles of samples reduced at high temperatures (500–600 °C) display substantial surface alteration, which is interpreted as the formation of a TiOx(OH)y shell, and sintering. Diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy shows broad absorption in the VIS-NIR region, which is indicative of the presence of n-type free charge carriers. The size of the intrinsic band gap (∼3.2 eV) appears only slightly altered. Mott–Schottky measurements confirm the n-type conductivity and reveal shifts of the conduction band edge in the LiH reduced samples. Thus LiH appears as a versatile reagent to produce various distinct forms of reduced BaTiO3 with tailored electronic properties.
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20.
  • Guo, Peng Fei, et al. (författare)
  • Iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes on bismuth titanate nanosheets for metal affinity separation of phosphoproteins
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765. ; 196
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Separation of phosphoproteins plays an important role for identification of biomarkers in life science. In this work, bismuth titanate supported, iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes were prepared for selective separation of phosphoproteins. The iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes were synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and glycidyl methacrylate, followed by a ring opening reaction of epoxy group, and chelation of the obtained cis-diols with Fe3+ ions. The composite material was characterized to determine the size and thickness, the content of the organic polymer and the metal loading. The bismuth titanate supported, iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes showed selective binding for phosphoproteins in the presence of abundant interfering proteins, and a high binding capacity for phosphoproteins by virtue of the metal affinity between the metal ions on the polymer brushes and the phosphate groups in the phosphoproteins (664 mg β-Casein per g sorbent). The thermoresponsive property of the polymer brushes made it possible to adjust phosphoprotein binding by changing temperature. Finally, separation of phosphoproteins from a complex biological sample (i.e. milk) was demonstrated using the nanosheet-supported thermoresponsive polymer brushes.
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21.
  • Jenniskens, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • The impact and recovery of asteroid 2018 LA
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Meteoritics and Planetary Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1086-9379 .- 1945-5100. ; 56:4, s. 844-893
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The June 2, 2018 impact of asteroid 2018 LA over Botswana is only the second asteroid detected in space prior to impacting over land. Here, we report on the successful recovery of meteorites. Additional astrometric data refine the approach orbit and define the spin period and shape of the asteroid. Video observations of the fireball constrain the asteroid's position in its orbit and were used to triangulate the location of the fireball's main flare over the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. Twenty‐three meteorites were recovered. A consortium study of eight of these classifies Motopi Pan as an HED polymict breccia derived from howardite, cumulate and basaltic eucrite, and diogenite lithologies. Before impact, 2018 LA was a solid rock of ~156 cm diameter with high bulk density ~2.85 g cm−3, a relatively low albedo pV ~ 0.25, no significant opposition effect on the asteroid brightness, and an impact kinetic energy of ~0.2 kt. The orbit of 2018 LA is consistent with an origin at Vesta (or its Vestoids) and delivery into an Earth‐impacting orbit via the ν6 resonance. The impact that ejected 2018 LA in an orbit toward Earth occurred 22.8 ± 3.8 Ma ago. Zircons record a concordant U‐Pb age of 4563 ± 11 Ma and a consistent 207Pb/206Pb age of 4563 ± 6 Ma. A much younger Pb‐Pb phosphate resetting age of 4234 ± 41 Ma was found. From this impact chronology, we discuss what is the possible source crater of Motopi Pan and the age of Vesta's Veneneia impact basin.
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22.
  • Jia, Kai-Hua, et al. (författare)
  • Chromosome-scale assembly and evolution of the tetraploid Salvia splendens (Lamiaceae) genome
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2052-7276 .- 2662-6810. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Polyploidization plays a key role in plant evolution, but the forces driving the fate of homoeologs in polyploid genomes, i.e., paralogs resulting from a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event, remain to be elucidated. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of tetraploid scarlet sage (Salvia splendens), one of the most diverse ornamental plants. We found evidence for three WGD events following an older WGD event shared by most eudicots (the γ event). A comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of homoeologs from the most recent WGD unveiled expression asymmetries, which could be associated with genomic rearrangements, transposable element proximity discrepancies, coding sequence variation, selection pressure, and transcription factor binding site differences. The observed differences between homoeologs may reflect the first step toward sub- and/or neofunctionalization. This assembly provides a powerful tool for understanding WGD and gene and genome evolution and is useful in developing functional genomics and genetic engineering strategies for scarlet sage and other Lamiaceae species.
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23.
  • Jiang, Ziyu, et al. (författare)
  • HLA class I genes modulate disease risk and age at onset together with DR-DQ in Chinese patients with insulin-requiring type 1 diabetes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 64:9, s. 2026-2036
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims/hypothesis: The study aimed to investigate the effects of HLA class I genes on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes with different onset ages, in addition to the well-established effects of HLA class II genes. Methods: A total of 361 patients with type 1 diabetes (192 patients with onset <18 years and 169 patients with onset ≥18 years) and 500 healthy control participants from China were enrolled and genotyped for the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DQA1, -DQB1 and -DRB1 genes using next-generation sequencing. Results: The susceptible DR3 (β = −0.09, p = 0.0009) and DR4-DQ8 (β = −0.13, p = 0.0059) haplotypes were negatively associated with onset age, while the protective DR11 (β = 0.21, p = 0.0314) and DR12 (β = 0.27, p < 0.0001) haplotypes were positively associated with onset age. After adjustment for linkage disequilibrium with DR-DQ haplotypes, A*11:01:01 was positively associated with onset age (β = 0.06, p = 0.0370), while the susceptible C*15:02:01 was negatively associated with onset age (β = −0.21, p = 0.0050). The unit for β was double square-root (fourth root) transformed years of change in onset age associated with per copy of the HLA haplotype/allele. In addition, B*46:01:01 was protective (OR 0.41, 0.46; pc [corrected for multiple comparisons] = 0.0044, 0.0040), whereas A*24:02:01 (OR 2.71, 2.25; pc = 0.0003, 0.0002) and B*54:01:01 (OR 3.96, 3.79; pc = 0.0018, 0.0004) were predisposing in both the <18 group and the ≥18 group compared with healthy control participants. In the context of DR4-DQ4, A*11:01:01 (61.29% vs 28.26%, pc = 0.0144) was increased while the predisposing A*24:02:01 (19.35% vs 47.83%, pc = 0.0403) was decreased in patients with onset ≥18 years when compared with patients with onset <18 years. Conclusions/interpretation: In addition to DR-DQ haplotypes, novel HLA class I alleles were detected to play a role in susceptibility to type 1 diabetes with different onset ages, which could improve the understanding of disease heterogeneity and has implications for the design of future studies. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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24.
  • Kang, Nai-xin, et al. (författare)
  • Anemoside B4 inhibits enterovirus 71 propagation in mice through upregulating 14-3-3 expression and type I interferon responses
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. - : Springer Nature. - 1671-4083 .- 1745-7254. ; 43, s. 977-991
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major pathogens of human hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). EV71 efficiently escapes innate immunity responses of the host to cause infection. At present, no effective antiviral drugs for EV71 are available. Anemoside B4 (B4) is a natural saponin isolated from the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel. P. chinensis extracts that shows a wide variety of biological activities. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activities of B4 against EV71 both in cell culture and in suckling mice. We showed that B4 (12.5-200 mu M) dose dependently increased the viability of EV71-infected RD cells with an IC50 value of 24.95 +/- 0.05 mu M against EV71. The antiviral activity of B4 was associated with enhanced interferon (IFN)-beta response, since knockdown of IFN-beta abolished its antiviral activity. We also confirmed that the enhanced IFN response was mediated via activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) pathway, and it was executed by upregulation of 14-3-3 protein, which disrupted the interaction between yes-associated protein (YAP) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). By using amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomics profiling, we identified the Hippo pathway as the top-ranking functional cluster in B4-treated EV71-infected cells. In vivo experiments were conducted in suckling mice (2-day-old) infected with EV71 and subsequently B4 (200 mg center dot kg(-1) center dot d(-1), i.p.) was administered for 16 days. We showed that B4 administration effectively suppressed EV71 replication and improved muscle inflammation and limb activity. Meanwhile, B4 administration regulated the expressions of HFMD biomarkers IL-10 and IFN-gamma, attenuating complications of EV71 infection. Collectively, our results suggest that B4 could enhance the antiviral effect of IFN-beta by orchestrating Hippo and RLRs pathway, and B4 would be a potential lead compound for developing an anti-EV71 drug.
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25.
  • Kristan, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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26.
  • Li, Zhiyuan, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • Improving surface resistance to wear and corrosion of nickel‑aluminum bronze by laser-clad TaC/Co-based alloy composite coatings
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Surface and Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972. ; 405
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • TaC/Stellite X-40 Co-based composite coatings were fabricated on nickel‑aluminum bronze (NAB) substrates by laser surface cladding (LSC), aiming at improving wear and corrosion resistances of NAB in marine environments. The morphology, microstructure, microhardness, wear and electrochemical corrosion behaviors of the surface treated composite coatings were studied. The results showed uniform distribution of carbide and intermetallic reinforcements such as TaC, Cr3C2 and Co3Ta in γ-Co matrix which lead to improvements of resistances to wear and electrochemical corrosion. Microstructural analyses of the LSC coating containing 20 wt% TaC showed the presence of fine reinforcements with isocellular crystals in the surface region and refined columnar crystal near the substrate area, as well as metallurgical bonding between the LSC coating and the NAB substrate. With the increase of TaC content in the cladding powders, the number of the granular reinforcements in the LSC coatings increased gradually, and the particles became larger. The maximum average microhardness of the composite coating of 20 wt% TaC was about 771.7 HV0.2, which is approximate 6.2 times higher than that of the NAB substrate (125.1 HV0.2). The minimum average coefficient of friction (COF) of the composite coatings was about 0.303 and its wear rate was about 0.4 times that of the NAB substrate. The self-corrosion potential (-0.182) of the composite coating with 20 wt% TaC was significantly higher than that of the substrate (-0.298), and the current density was lower, which implies that the corrosion resistance of the coating was significantly improved.
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27.
  • Lu, Yingchang, et al. (författare)
  • Identification of Novel Loci and New Risk Variant in Known Loci for Colorectal Cancer Risk in East Asians
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 29:2, s. 477-486
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Risk variants identified so far for colorectal cancer explain only a small proportion of milial risk of this cancer, particularly in Asians.Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in East Asians, cluding 23,572 colorectal cancer cases and 48,700 controls. To identify novel risk loci, we selected 60 omising risk variants for replication using data from 58,131 colorectal cancer cases and 67,347 controls European descent. To identify additional risk variants in known colorectal cancer loci, we performed nditional analyses in East Asians.Results: An indel variant, rs67052019 at 1p13.3, was found to be associated with colorectal cancer risk P = 3.9 x 10(-8) in Asians (OR per allele deletion = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.18). This sociation was replicated in European descendants using a variant (rs2938616) in complete linkage sequilibrium with rs67052019 (P = 7.7 x 10(-3)). Of the remaining 59 variants, 12 showed an association P < 0.05 in the European-ancestry study, including rs11108175 and rs9634162 at P < 5 x 10(-8) and o variants with an association near the genome-wide significance level (rs60911071, P = 5.8 x 10(-8); 62558833, P = 7.5 x 10(-8)) in the combined analyses of Asian- and European-ancestry data. In addition, ing data from East Asians, we identified 13 new risk variants at 11 loci reported from previous GWAS.Conclusions: In this large GWAS, we identified three novel risk loci and two highly suggestive loci for lorectal cancer risk and provided evidence for potential roles of multiple genes and pathways in the iology of colorectal cancer. In addition, we showed that additional risk variants exist in many colorectal ncer risk loci identified previously.Impact: Our study provides novel data to improve the understanding of the genetic basis for colorectal ncer risk.
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28.
  • Luo, Yang, et al. (författare)
  • Three-dimensional and temperature-dependent electronic structure of the heavy-fermion compound CePt2In7 studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 101:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The three-dimensional and temperature-dependent electronic structures of the heavy-fermion superconductor CePt2In7 are investigated. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using variable photon energy establishes the existence of quasi-two- and three-dimensional Fermi surface topologies. Temperature-dependent 4d-4f on-resonance photoemission spectroscopies data reveal that heavy quasiparticle bands begin to form at a temperature well above the characteristic (coherence) temperature T+. The emergence of low-lying crystal electric field excitation may be responsible for the "relocalization" or the precursor to the establishment of heavy electrons coherence in heavy-fermion compounds. These findings provide critical insight into understanding the hybridization in heavy-fermion systems.
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29.
  • Ma, Yunhan, et al. (författare)
  • Leflunomide Inhibits rat-to-Mouse Cardiac Xenograft Rejection by Suppressing Adaptive Immune Cell Response and NF-κB Signaling Activation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe shortage of human donor organs and tissues. The generation of humanized animal models attenuates strong innate immune responses, such as complement-mediated hyperacute rejection. However, acute vascular rejection and cell mediated rejection remain primary barriers to xenotransplantation, which limits its clinical application. In this study, we systematically investigated the immunosuppressive effect of LEF using a rat-to-mouse heart xenotransplantation model. SD rat xenogeneic hearts were transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, and survived 34.5 days after LEF treatment. In contrast, BALB/c allogeneic hearts were transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, and survived 31 days after LEF treatment. Compared to normal saline treatment, LEF treatment decreased xenoreactive T cells and CD19+ B cells in recipient splenocytes. Most importantly, LEF treatment protected myocardial cells by decreasing xenoreactive T and B cell infiltration, inflammatory gene expression, and IgM deposition in grafts. In vivo assays revealed that LEF treatment eliminated xenoreactive and alloreactive T and B lymphocytes by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these observations complement the evidence supporting the potential use of LEF in xenotransplantation.
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30.
  • Mathew, Renny, et al. (författare)
  • Solid-State NMR Rationalizes the Bone-Adhesive Properties of Serine- and Phosphoserine-Bearing Calcium Phosphate Cements by Unveiling Their Organic/Inorganic Interface
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 124:39, s. 21512-21531
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • From a multitude of homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR experiments, we present thorough structural and phase-quantification analyses of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) that incorporate either L-serine (Ser) or O-phospho-L-serine (Pser), thereby rendering the cements strongly bone-adhesive and suitable for biomedical implants with capacity to glue both soft and hard tissues together. In the absence of organic additives, the CPCs comprise disordered hydroxyapatite (HA), which forms from the reaction of alpha-Ca-3(PO4)(2) with water. However, the presence of even a few mol % of Pser/Ser drastically changes the cement reactions: the HA formation is quenched, while MAS NMR experiments reveal intimate contacts between the Pser/Ser molecules and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) that incorporate HPO42- groups: these organic/inorganic species form a homogeneous amorphous ACP/Pser or ACP/Ser cement component. The amount of ACP/Pser in the cement is shown to correlate qualitatively with its shear strength, also rationalizing why Pser-bearing CPCs exhibit stronger adhesive properties than their Ser-based counterparts, for which the ACP/Ser content does not increase concomitantly with that of Ser (as for the Pser-based CPCs). The Pser-bearing CPCs feature the strongest shear strength for 23-72 mol % Pser, whereas the decline of the adhesive properties for the Pser-richest CPCs (>72 mol %) stems from unreacted Pser and formation of its Ca salt, as well as several minor Ca phosphate phases involving HPO42- and H2PO4- groups. By combining information from various one- and two-dimensional MAS NMR experiments with H-1, C-13, and P-31 as structural probes, we examined the inorganic/organic contacts of the ACP/Pser and ACP/Ser phases, and monitored the alterations of the cement reactions for variable amounts of the organic additives.
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31.
  • Pecunia, Vincenzo, et al. (författare)
  • Roadmap on energy harvesting materials
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7639. ; 6:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
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32.
  • Rehman, Hafeez Ur, et al. (författare)
  • Stretchable, Strong, Recyclable Helicide Elastomer Based on Dynamic Covalent Interactions
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 15:39, s. 46280-46291
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Current methods for making and disposing synthetic polymers have been widely pursued and are largely unsustainable. As a part of the solution, the reversible nature of dynamic covalent bonds emerges as an extraordinarily diverse and valuable feature in the development of exotic molecules and extended structures. With these bonds, it should be possible to construct recyclable and mechanically interlocked molecular structures using relatively simple precursors with preorganized geometries. A new helicide-based elastomer network is developed here with self-healing, recycling, and degradation features using a similar concept. The best self-healing performance (100%) was noted over 10-20 min, with various H2O, HCl, and NaOH solutions that delivered mechanical properties in the 1-1.4 MPa range. For hydrolytic degradation, the parameters are defined based on the type of binding, the pH of the solutions, and the copolymer network, which endowed a degradation time of approximately 4-11 h for each prepared sample. However, due to the reversible nature of the dynamic bonds, the material showed good recyclable mechanical properties compared to the pristine samples after five consecutive cycles, which meet the requirements of recyclable materials and recyclable packaging.
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33.
  • Shi, Tian-Le, et al. (författare)
  • High-quality genome assembly enables prediction of allele-specific gene expression in hybrid poplar
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 195:1, s. 652-670
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Poplar (Populus) is a well-established model system for tree genomics and molecular breeding, and hybrid poplar is widely used in forest plantations. However, distinguishing its diploid homologous chromosomes is difficult, complicating advanced functional studies on specific alleles. In this study, we applied a trio-binning design and PacBio high-fidelity long-read sequencing to obtain haplotype-phased telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies for the 2 parents of the well-studied F1 hybrid “84K” (Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa). Almost all chromosomes, including the telomeres and centromeres, were completely assembled for each haplotype subgenome apart from 2 small gaps on one chromosome. By incorporating information from these haplotype assemblies and extensive RNA-seq data, we analyzed gene expression patterns between the 2 subgenomes and alleles. Transcription bias at the subgenome level was not uncovered, but extensive-expression differences were detected between alleles. We developed machine-learning (ML) models to predict allele-specific expression (ASE) with high accuracy and identified underlying genome features most highly influencing ASE. One of our models with 15 predictor variables achieved 77% accuracy on the training set and 74% accuracy on the testing set. ML models identified gene body CHG methylation, sequence divergence, and transposon occupancy both upstream and downstream of alleles as important factors for ASE. Our haplotype-phased genome assemblies and ML strategy highlight an avenue for functional studies in Populus and provide additional tools for studying ASE and heterosis in hybrids.
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34.
  • Shu, Xiang, et al. (författare)
  • Large-scale Integrated Analysis of Genetics and Metabolomic Data Reveals Potential Links Between Lipids and Colorectal Cancer Risk
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 31:6, s. 1216-1226
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The etiology of colorectal cancer is not fully understood.Methods: Using genetic variants and metabolomics data including 217 metabolites from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 1,357), we built genetic prediction models for circulating metabolites. Models with prediction R2 > 0.01 (Nmetabolite = 58) were applied to predict levels of metabolites in two large consortia with a combined sample size of approximately 46,300 cases and 59,200 controls of European and approximately 21,700 cases and 47,400 controls of East Asian (EA) descent. Genetically predicted levels of metabolites were evaluated for their associations with colorectal cancer risk in logistic regressions within each racial group, after which the results were combined by meta-analysis.Results: Of the 58 metabolites tested, 24 metabolites were significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk [Benjamini-Hochberg FDR (BH-FDR) < 0.05] in the European population (ORs ranged from 0.91 to 1.06; P values ranged from 0.02 to 6.4 × 10-8). Twenty one of the 24 associations were replicated in the EA population (ORs ranged from 0.26 to 1.69, BH-FDR < 0.05). In addition, the genetically predicted levels of C16:0 cholesteryl ester was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in the EA population only (OREA: 1.94, 95% CI, 1.60−2.36, P = 2.6 × 10-11; OREUR: 1.01, 95% CI, 0.99−1.04, P = 0.3). Nineteen of the 25 metabolites were glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols (TAG). Eighteen associations exhibited significant heterogeneity between the two racial groups (PEUR-EA-Het < 0.005), which were more strongly associated in the EA population. This integrative study suggested a potential role of lipids, especially certain glycerophospholipids and TAGs, in the etiology of colorectal cancer.Conclusions: This study identified potential novel risk biomarkers for colorectal cancer by integrating genetics and circulating metabolomics data.Impact: The identified metabolites could be developed into new tools for risk assessment of colorectal cancer in both European and EA populations.
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35.
  • Surendran, Praveen, et al. (författare)
  • Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 52:12, s. 1314-1332
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetic studies of blood pressure (BP) to date have mainly analyzed common variants (minor allele frequency > 0.05). In a meta-analysis of up to similar to 1.3 million participants, we discovered 106 new BP-associated genomic regions and 87 rare (minor allele frequency <= 0.01) variant BP associations (P < 5 x 10(-8)), of which 32 were in new BP-associated loci and 55 were independent BP-associated single-nucleotide variants within known BP-associated regions. Average effects of rare variants (44% coding) were similar to 8 times larger than common variant effects and indicate potential candidate causal genes at new and known loci (for example, GATA5 and PLCB3). BP-associated variants (including rare and common) were enriched in regions of active chromatin in fetal tissues, potentially linking fetal development with BP regulation in later life. Multivariable Mendelian randomization suggested possible inverse effects of elevated systolic and diastolic BP on large artery stroke. Our study demonstrates the utility of rare-variant analyses for identifying candidate genes and the results highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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36.
  • van de Vegte, Yordi, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic insights into resting heart rate and its role in cardiovascular disease
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The genetics and clinical consequences of resting heart rate (RHR) remain incompletely understood. Here, the authors discover new genetic variants associated with RHR and find that higher genetically predicted RHR decreases risk of atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke. Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality in observational and Mendelian randomization studies. The aims of this study are to extend the number of resting heart rate associated genetic variants and to obtain further insights in resting heart rate biology and its clinical consequences. A genome-wide meta-analysis of 100 studies in up to 835,465 individuals reveals 493 independent genetic variants in 352 loci, including 68 genetic variants outside previously identified resting heart rate associated loci. We prioritize 670 genes and in silico annotations point to their enrichment in cardiomyocytes and provide insights in their ECG signature. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that higher genetically predicted resting heart rate increases risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, but decreases risk of developing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and cardio-embolic stroke. We do not find evidence for a linear or non-linear genetic association between resting heart rate and all-cause mortality in contrast to our previous Mendelian randomization study. Systematic alteration of key differences between the current and previous Mendelian randomization study indicates that the most likely cause of the discrepancy between these studies arises from false positive findings in previous one-sample MR analyses caused by weak-instrument bias at lower P-value thresholds. The results extend our understanding of resting heart rate biology and give additional insights in its role in cardiovascular disease development.
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37.
  • Vromman, Marieke, et al. (författare)
  • Large-scale benchmarking of circRNA detection tools reveals large differences in sensitivity but not in precision
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Methods. - 1548-7091 .- 1548-7105. ; 20:8, s. 1159-1169
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The detection of circular RNA molecules (circRNAs) is typically based on short-read RNA sequencing data processed using computational tools. Numerous such tools have been developed, but a systematic comparison with orthogonal validation is missing. Here, we set up a circRNA detection tool benchmarking study, in which 16 tools detected more than 315,000 unique circRNAs in three deeply sequenced human cell types. Next, 1,516 predicted circRNAs were validated using three orthogonal methods. Generally, tool-specific precision is high and similar (median of 98.8%, 96.3% and 95.5% for qPCR, RNase R and amplicon sequencing, respectively) whereas the sensitivity and number of predicted circRNAs (ranging from 1,372 to 58,032) are the most significant differentiators. Of note, precision values are lower when evaluating low-abundance circRNAs. We also show that the tools can be used complementarily to increase detection sensitivity. Finally, we offer recommendations for future circRNA detection and validation. This study describes benchmarking and validation of computational tools for detecting circRNAs, finding most to be highly precise with variations in sensitivity and total detection. The study also finds over 315,000 putative human circRNAs.
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38.
  • Wang, Sheng-Yu, et al. (författare)
  • Interpreting the Cu-O2 Antibonding Nature in Two Cu-O2 Complexes from Cu L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectra
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 62:42, s. 17115-17125
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cu–O2 structures play important roles in bioinorganic chemistry and enzyme catalysis, where the bonding between the Cu and O2 parts serves as a fundamental research concern. Here, we performed a multiconfigurational study on the copper L2,3-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of two copper enzyme model complexes to gain a better understanding of the antibonding nature from the clearly interpreted structure–spectroscopy relation. We obtained spectra in good agreement with the experiments by using the restricted active space second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2) method, which facilitated reliable chemical analysis. Spectral feature interpretations were supported by computing the spin–orbit natural transition orbitals. All major features were assigned to be mainly from Cu 2p to antibonding orbitals between Cu 3d and O2 π*, Cu 3d−πO–O* (type A), and a few also to mixed antibonding/bonding orbitals between Cu 3d and O2 π, Cu 3d ± πO–O (type M). Our calculations provided a clear illustration of the interactions between Cu 3d and O2 π*/π orbitals that are carried in the metal L-edge XAS.
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39.
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40.
  • Williamson, Alice, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-wide association study and functional characterization identifies candidate genes for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:6, s. 973-983
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Distinct tissue-specific mechanisms mediate insulin action in fasting and postprandial states. Previous genetic studies have largely focused on insulin resistance in the fasting state, where hepatic insulin action dominates. Here we studied genetic variants influencing insulin levels measured 2 h after a glucose challenge in >55,000 participants from three ancestry groups. We identified ten new loci (P < 5 × 10-8) not previously associated with postchallenge insulin resistance, eight of which were shown to share their genetic architecture with type 2 diabetes in colocalization analyses. We investigated candidate genes at a subset of associated loci in cultured cells and identified nine candidate genes newly implicated in the expression or trafficking of GLUT4, the key glucose transporter in postprandial glucose uptake in muscle and fat. By focusing on postprandial insulin resistance, we highlighted the mechanisms of action at type 2 diabetes loci that are not adequately captured by studies of fasting glycemic traits.
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41.
  • Xia, Yutao, 1995, et al. (författare)
  • Aerodynamic influences of typical windbreak wall types on a high-speed train under crosswinds
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6105. ; 231
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effect of windbreak wall types on their windproof effects on trains has been systematically investigated by comparing the flow field around a high-speed train behind three typical windbreak walls. These three typical windbreak walls are widely used along the windy railway lines in China, which include the earth embankment–type windbreak wall (EW), the road cutting–type windbreak wall (RW), and the straight reinforced concrete–type windbreak wall (SW). We compared the time-averaged crosswind-induced flows and aerodynamic performances of high-speed trains behind these three windbreak walls with the same height using numerical simulations. The results revealed that the windbreak wall geometric shape effects on the aerodynamic load coefficients varied according to the type of aerodynamic load and carriage marshalling positions but barely varied with yaw angles. The total drag coefficients of the train in the EW and RW were approximately 50–60% of that in the SW under the two smaller yaw angles and were only 30–40% for the largest yaw angle. For the absolute value of the side force and rolling moments coefficients, the maximum values for the head and middle cars both appeared in the RW, and the corresponding minimum values were obtained in the SW. The maximum and minimum values for the tail car were obtained at the SW and EW, respectively. The maximum of the rolling moment coefficient among three carriages in the SW was approximately 45–60% of that in the EW and only 30–40% of that in the RW. The time-averaged train surface pressure coefficient and flow patterns were similar between the EW and RW, which showed apparent differences from those in the SW. The SW provided a strong blocking effect on the incoming windward airflow and avoided the direct impact on the train. Compared with the RW, the uplifting effect of the EW's windward slope on the incoming flow further reduced the crosswind effect on trains. In addition, the dominating frequency characteristics of the aerodynamic loads were significantly affected by windbreak wall types. These findings provide a systematic understanding of the time-averaged aerodynamics of trains behind these three typical windbreak walls.
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42.
  • Yan, Xue-Mei, et al. (författare)
  • Unraveling the evolutionary dynamics of the TPS gene family in land plants
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Terpenes and terpenoids are key natural compounds for plant defense, development, and composition of plant oil. The synthesis and accumulation of a myriad of volatile terpenoid compounds in these plants may dramatically alter the quality and flavor of the oils, which provide great commercial utilization value for oil-producing plants. Terpene synthases (TPSs) are important enzymes responsible for terpenic diversity. Investigating the differentiation of the TPS gene family could provide valuable theoretical support for the genetic improvement of oil-producing plants. While the origin and function of TPS genes have been extensively studied, the exact origin of the initial gene fusion event - it occurred in plants or microbes - remains uncertain. Furthermore, a comprehensive exploration of the TPS gene differentiation is still pending. Here, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the fusion of the TPS gene likely occurred in the ancestor of land plants, following the acquisition of individual C- and N- terminal domains. Potential mutual transfer of TPS genes was observed among microbes and plants. Gene synteny analysis disclosed a differential divergence pattern between TPS-c and TPS-e/f subfamilies involved in primary metabolism and those (TPS-a/b/d/g/h subfamilies) crucial for secondary metabolites. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) analysis suggested a correlation between lineage divergence and potential natural selection in structuring terpene diversities. This study provides fresh perspectives on the origin and evolution of the TPS gene family.
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43.
  • Yang, Fu-Sheng, et al. (författare)
  • Chromosome-level genome assembly of a parent species of widely cultivated azaleas
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Azaleas (Ericaceae) comprise one of the most diverse ornamental plants, renowned for their cultural and economic importance. We present a chromosome-scale genome assembly for Rhododendron simsii, the primary ancestor of azalea cultivars. Genome analyses unveil the remnants of an ancient whole-genome duplication preceding the radiation of most Ericaceae, likely contributing to the genomic architecture of flowering time. Small-scale gene duplications contribute to the expansion of gene families involved in azalea pigment biosynthesis. We reconstruct entire metabolic pathways for anthocyanins and carotenoids and their potential regulatory networks by detailed analysis of time-ordered gene co-expression networks. MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription factors may collectively regulate anthocyanin accumulation in R. simsii, particularly at the initial stages of flower coloration, and with WRKY transcription factors controlling progressive flower coloring at later stages. This work provides a cornerstone for understanding the underlying genetics governing flower timing and coloration and could accelerate selective breeding in azalea. Azaleas are one of the most diverse ornamental plants and have cultural and economic importance. Here, the authors report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the primary ancestor of the azalea cultivar Rhododendro simsi and identify transcription factors that may function in flower coloration at different stages.
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44.
  • Yang, Yi, et al. (författare)
  • In-situ loading synthesis of graphene supported PtCu nanocube and its high activity and stability for methanol oxidation reaction
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 595, s. 107-117
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A perfect PtCu nanocube with partial hollow structure was prepared by hydrothermal reaction and its electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) was studied. The appropriate concentration of shape-control additives KI and triblock pluronic copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO19-PPO69-PEO19) (P123) play crucial roles in the final product morphology. The PtCu nanocubes can be perfectly in situ immobilizedonto graphene under the action of P123 while the structure and cubic morphologyremain unchanged. The electrochemical tests suggest that the obtained PtCu nanocube (PtCu-NCb) exhibits better MOR activity and stability than PtCu hexagon nanosheet (PtCu-NSt), PtCu nanoellipsoid (PtCu-NEs) and commercial Pt/C in alkaline medium. When in situ immobilized onto graphene, the MOR catalytic activity and stability of PtCu cubes are further improved. The markedly enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability maybe attributed to the special cubic morphology with partial hollow structure enclosed by highly efficient facet and the probably the synergistic effect of PtCu and intermediate state CuI decorated on the surface and graphene.
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45.
  • Yang, Zhongwei, et al. (författare)
  • Nanozyme-Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensors: Mechanisms and Applications
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Small. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 20:14
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nanozymes, as innovative materials, have demonstrated remarkable potential in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms and extensive practical applications of nanozymes in electrochemical biosensors. First, the definition and characteristics of nanozymes are introduced, emphasizing their significant role in constructing efficient sensors. Subsequently, several common categories of nanozyme materials are delved into, including metal-based, carbon-based, metal-organic framework, and layered double hydroxide nanostructures, discussing their applications in electrochemical biosensors. Regarding their mechanisms, two key roles of nanozymes are particularly focused in electrochemical biosensors: selective enhancement and signal amplification, which crucially support the enhancement of sensor performance. In terms of practical applications, the widespread use of nanozyme-based electrochemical biosensors are showcased in various domains. From detecting biomolecules, pollutants, nucleic acids, proteins, to cells, providing robust means for high-sensitivity detection. Furthermore, insights into the future development of nanozyme-based electrochemical biosensors is provided, encompassing improvements and optimizations of nanozyme materials, innovative sensor design and integration, and the expansion of application fields through interdisciplinary collaboration. In conclusion, this article systematically presents the mechanisms and applications of nanozymes in electrochemical biosensors, offering valuable references and prospects for research and development in this field.
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46.
  • Zhang, Huai, et al. (författare)
  • A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Hepatology international. - 1936-0541.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p=0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%).This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
  •  
47.
  • Zhang, Kang-Ping, et al. (författare)
  • Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria as a nutrition assessment tool for patients with cancer
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). - : Elsevier. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 91-92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: Since the launch of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), there has been an urgent need to validate the new criteria, especially in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate the use of the GLIM criteria in patients with cancer.Method: This multicenter cohort study compared the GLIM with the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (sPG-SGA). The 1-y survival rate, multivariate Cox regression analysis, k-value, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and time-dependent ROC analysis were applied to identify the performance of the GLIM.Results: Among the 3777 patients in the study, 50.9% versus 49.1% or 36.3% versus 63.7% of the patients were defined as well-nourished and malnourished by GLIM or sPG-SGA, respectively. GLIM presented moderate consistency (k = 0.54, P < 0.001), fair sensitivity and specificity (70.5 and 88.3%) compared with sPG-SGA. There was no difference in the 1-y survival rate in malnourished patients (76.9 versus 76.4%, P = 0.711), but it was significantly different in well-nourished patients (85.8 versus 90.3%, P < 0.001) between GLIM and sPG-SGA. The above difference was eliminated after omitted nutritional risk screening (NRS)-2002 screening before GLIM (88.1 versus 90.3%, P = 0.078). Omitting NRS-2002 screening before GLIM did not change the 1-y survival rate in well-nourished or malnourished patients by GLIM with NRS-2002 screening (76.9 versus 78.9%, P = 0.099; 85.8% versus 88.1%, P = 0.092) although it significantly raised the rate of malnutrition to 72.5%. The combination of "weight loss and cancer" showed better performance than other combinations.Conclusions: GLIM could be a convenient alternative to sPG-SGA in nutrition assessment for patients with cancer. The combination of "weight loss and cancer" was better than other combinations. Considering the higher risk for malnutrition in patients with cancer, NRS-2002 screening may not be needed before GLIM.
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48.
  • Zhang, Lixiu, et al. (författare)
  • Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: NANO-MICRO LETTERS. - : SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV PRESS. - 2311-6706. ; 15:1
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
  •  
49.
  • Zhang, Yanyu, et al. (författare)
  • 1p/19q co-deletion status is associated with distinct tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in IDH mutated lower-grade gliomas
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cellular Oncology. - : Springer. - 2211-3428 .- 2211-3436. ; 44:1, s. 193-204
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)s are critical regulators of glioma progression. As yet, however, TAMs in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutated lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether 1p/19q co-deletion status affects the TAM phenotype or its prevalence in IDH mutated LGGs. Methods TAMs in IDH mutated LGGs were analyzed using transcriptome data from 230 samples in the TCGA database in combination with transcriptome data from single-cell RNA sequencing of IDH-mutated LGGs. Proteins potentially involved in TAM regulation were examined by immuno-staining in primary LGG samples harboring IDH mutations. Essential signaling pathways regulating TAM phenotypes were investigated in a glioma mouse model using small molecule inhibitors. Results Most of the TAMs in IDH-mutated LGGs expressed the M1 activation markers CD86 and TNF, whereas a subset of individual TAMs co-expressed both M1 and M2-related markers. Bioinformatics analysis in combination with immuno-staining of IDH-mutated patient samples revealed higher amounts of TAMs expressing M2-related markers in 1p/19q non-codeletion IDH-mutated LGGs compared to 1p/19q codeletion LGGs. The levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were significantly higher in 1p/19q non-codeletion LGGs than in 1p/19q codeletion LGGs. M-CSF and TGF beta 1 signal inhibition decreased tumor growth and modulated the TAM phenotype in a glioma mouse model. Conclusions Our data indicate that 1p/19q co-deletion status relates to distinct TAM infiltration in gliomas, which is likely mediated by M-CSF and TGF beta 1 signaling. M-CSF and TGF beta 1 signaling may play a pivotal role in regulating the TAM phenotype in glioma.
  •  
50.
  • Zhu, Guangyu, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of wear and corrosion resistances of laser cladding TaC/TiC/Stellite X-40 Co-based composite coatings on copper surface
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Materials Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-5557 .- 1066-7857. ; 37:9, s. 980-991
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The TaC/TiC/Stellite X-40 Co-based composite coatings with different contents were successfully cladded on a Cr-Zr-Cu alloy substrate. The microstructure, wear and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), sliding wear test, as well as corrosion test in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that Ta and Ti atoms easily form Co3Ta and Co3Ti hard phases with Co to increasing the hardness of the coating. Compared with the substrate, the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and hardness of the composite coatings were significantly improved. The wear resistance of the 20 wt. % TaC and 10 wt. % TiC composite coatings were better than that of the substrate. When the TaC content was 20 wt. % and the TiC content was 15 wt. %, the coating with excellent corrosion resistance (-0.153V).
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