| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Zhang, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical simulation of natural convection and heat transfer in a molten pool with embedded cooling tubes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy Research. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-598X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study described the natural circulation and heat transfer of a molten pool in a specifically designed core catcher conceived for a pressurized water reactor. In addition to external cooling, the core catcher features internal cooling tubes embedded in the molten pool. To investigate the coolability in such a configuration, first, a full-scale core catcher simulation is conducted to give a preliminary study under a real SA situation. Results illustrated that cooling efficiency can be remarkably enhanced due to the inner tubes. Then a test facility of the 2D slice with the geometrical scaled factor of 1:4 has been developed, and molten salt (NaNO3-KNO3) experiments will be implemented in the near future. This study also performed a pre-test simulation using molten NaNO3-KNO3 as a stimulant to study the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the salt pool. The melt convection in the test section was represented by a two-dimensional mesh with a WMLES turbulence model using the FLUENT code. The simulation captured the heat transfer enhancement by the cooling tubes as expected, and the results would help decide the proper test matrix and improvement of instrumentation required to obtain the necessary data for code validation.
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| 3. |
- Guo, Jian Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Intranasal administration of α-synuclein preformed fibrils triggers microglial iron deposition in the substantia nigra of Macaca fascicularis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cell Death and Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-4889. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron deposition is present in main lesion areas in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and an abnormal iron content may be associated with dopaminergic neuronal cytotoxicity and degeneration in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. However, the cause of iron deposition and its role in the pathological process of PD are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the nasal mucosal delivery of synthetic human α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils (PFFs) on the pathogenesis of PD in Macaca fascicularis. We detected that iron deposition was clearly increased in a time-dependent manner from 1 to 17 months in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus, highly contrasting to other brain regions after treatments with α-syn PFFs. At the cellular level, the iron deposits were specifically localized in microglia but not in dopaminergic neurons, nor in other types of glial cells in the substantia nigra, whereas the expression of transferrin (TF), TF receptor 1 (TFR1), TF receptor 2 (TFR2), and ferroportin (FPn) was increased in dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, no clear dopaminergic neuron loss was observed in the substantia nigra, but with decreased immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and appearance of axonal swelling in the putamen. The brain region-enriched and cell-type-dependent iron localizations indicate that the intranasal α-syn PFFs treatment-induced iron depositions in microglia in the substantia nigra may appear as an early cellular response that may initiate neuroinflammation in the dopaminergic system before cell death occurs. Our data suggest that the inhibition of iron deposition may be a potential approach for the early prevention and treatment of PD.
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| 4. |
- Guo, Xiaolei, et al.
(författare)
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Machinability of wood fiber/polyethylene composite during orthogonal cutting
- 2021
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Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 55:2, s. 521-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood fiber/polyethylene composite (WFPEC) is composed of a natural wood fiber and a recyclable polyethylene plastic, which is normally used as an environmental protection composite material. However, better knowledge of chip formation and surface damage mechanism of WFPEC is essential to improve its machinability for extending exterior and interior applications. In this article, machinability of WFPEC was investigated by analyzing the disparity between cutting efficiency and surface quality through a group of orthogonal cutting experiments with change of cutting depth. The chip formation process was recorded by a high-speed camera system with 5000 frames per second. Surface topography was observed by a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the chip morphology changed from continuous cutting governed by a continuous shearing process under the shallow cutting depth, to a discontinuous cutting governed by plastic fracture under the deep cutting depth ahead of the tool tip. Flattened matrix was the main form of surface topography caused by shallow cutting depth, while matrix-fiber tearing was caused by deep cutting depth. Pullout/fracture and debonding of fibers were related to the fiber orientation angle and the diameter of fiber bundles, but not to the cutting depth. Taken together, the toughness of the workpiece material in the cutting region decreased with the increase in cutting depth. To avoid matrix-fiber tearing, shallow cutting depth should be used during finishing to maintain surface quality. In contrast, pre-cutting can be performed with a deep cutting depth in order to improve the cutting efficiency.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 7. |
- Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, et al.
(författare)
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The numbers of fungi: contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 114:1, s. 327-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global diversity of fungi has been estimated using several different approaches. There is somewhere between 2–11 million estimated species, but the number of formally described taxa is around 150,000, a tiny fraction of the total. In this paper, we examine 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal species descriptions, and introduce new species in each genus. To highlight the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in publishing new species, we introduce novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species discovery. We discuss whether the species are likely to be rare or due to a lack of extensive sampling and classification. The genera are Apiospora, Bambusicola, Beltrania, Capronia, Distoseptispora, Endocalyx, Neocatenulostroma, Neodeightonia, Paraconiothyrium, Peroneutypa, Phaeoacremonium and Vanakripa. We discuss host-specificity in selected genera and compare the number of species epithets in each genus with the number of ITS (barcode) sequences deposited in GenBank and UNITE. We furthermore discuss the relationship between the divergence times of these genera with those of their hosts. We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss hosts and habitats that should be investigated for novel species discovery.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 9. |
- Zhang, Huai, et al.
(författare)
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A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Hepatology international. - 1936-0541.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p=0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%).This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
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| 10. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2020
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Chen, Jiajia, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Longitudinal Thermal Conductivity of Graphene Film
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 22nd International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology, ICEPT 2021.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chase of high performance by chip manufacturers has greatly increased the power consumption of integrated circuits, which brings great challenges to the heat dissipation of electronics systems. It has also slowed down following up of the Moore's Law, and it is expected to hit the wall soon [1]. Graphene film with high in-plane thermal conductivity is one of the key materials to make it possible for electronics industry to continue to follow the Moore's Law. However, there are few studies focusing on the longitudinal thermal conductivity of graphene films. The purpose of this study is to investigate the longitudinal thermal conductivity of graphene films according to ASTM D5470 [2]. The results show that the longitudinal thermal conductivity of the pressed graphene film is greater than that of the unpressurized graphene film. The longitudinal thermal conductivity is 10.6 W/m· K for the unpressurized graphene film and 20.6 W/m· K for the pressed graphene film.
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| 13. |
- Dong, Xiao Xia, et al.
(författare)
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Carrier-envelope-phase measurement of sub-cycle UV pulses using angular photofragment distributions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications Physics. - : Springer Nature. - 2399-3650. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) of sub-cycle ultraviolet (UV) pulse strongly influences the dynamics of quantum systems, but its characterization is not accessible experimentally. Here we investigate photodissociation of a diatomic molecule from its ground-rovibrational state in a linearly polarized weak sub-cycle UV pulse with a controlled CEP. The angular distribution of photofragments shows an asymmetric profile deviating from the well-known cos(2-) or sin(2)-like ones, which can be identified as a way to imprint CEP. We unveil that such an effect stems from the temporal neighboring rotational excitation by molecular permanent dipole interaction through the joint contributions between counter-rotating and rotating terms. This in turn, opens different pathways in photodissociation dynamics. Given that the temporal excitation between various states with close energies can be manipulated by CEP of subcycle UV pulses, our results pave ways for understanding and manipulating electron, nuclear and their joint dynamics with variation of CEP of attosecond pulses.
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| 14. |
- Du, Xi-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Cytological studies reveal high variation in ascospore number and shape and conidia produced directly from ascospores in Morchella galilaea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spores are important as dispersal and survival propagules in fungi. In this study we investigated the variation in number, shape, size and germination mode of ascospores in Morchella galilaea, the only species of the genus Morchella known to fruit in the autumn. Based on the observation of five samples, we first discovered significant variation in the shape and size of ascospores in Morchella. One to sixteen ascospores were found in the asci. Ascospore size correlated negatively with ascospore number, but positively with ascus size, and ascus size was positively correlated with ascospore number. We noted that ascospores, both from fresh collections and dried specimens, germinated terminally or laterally either by extended germ tubes, or via the production of conidia that were formed directly from ascospores at one, two or multiple sites. The direct formation of conidia from ascospores takes place within asci or after ascospores are discharged. Using laser confocal microscopy, we recorded the number of nuclei in ascospores and in conidia produced from ascospores. In most ascospores of M. galilaea, several nuclei were observed, as is typical of species of Morchella. However, nuclear number varied from zero to around 20 in this species, and larger ascospores harbored more nuclei. One to six nuclei were present in the conidia. Nuclear migration from ascospores to conidia was observed. Conidia forming directly from ascospores has been observed in few species of Pezizomycetes; this is the first report of the phenomenon in Morchella species. Morphological and molecular data show that conidial formation from ascospores is not found in all the specimens of this species and, hence, is not an informative taxonomic character in M. galilaea. Our data suggest that conidia produced from ascospores and successive mitosis within the ascus may contribute to asci with more than eight spores. The absence of mitosis and/or nuclear degeneration, as well as cytokinesis defect, likely results in asci with fewer than eight ascospores. This study provides new insights into the poorly understood life cycle of Morchella species and more broadly improves knowledge of conidia formation and reproductive strategies in Pezizomycetes.
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| 15. |
- Guo, Sihua, et al.
(författare)
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Graphene-based films: Fabrication, interfacial modification, and applications
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 11:10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene-based film attracts tremendous interest in many potential applications due to its excellent thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. This review focused on a critical analysis of fabrication, processing methodology, the interfacial modification approach, and the applications of this novel and new class material. Strong attention was paid to the preparation strategy and interfacial modification approach to improve its mechanical and thermal properties. The overview also discussed the challenges and opportunities regarding its industrial production and the current status of the commercialization. This review showed that blade coating technology is an effective method for industrial mass-produced graphene film with controllable thickness. The synergistic effect of different interface interactions can effectively improve the mechanical properties of graphenebased film. At present, the application of graphene-based film on mobile phones has become an interesting example of the use of graphene. Looking for more application cases is of great significance for the development of graphene-based technology.
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| 16. |
- Guo, Sisi, et al.
(författare)
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Thermoelectric Characteristics of Self-Supporting WSe2-Nanosheet/PEDOT-Nanowire Composite Films
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 15:29, s. 35430-35438
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires(PEDOTNWs) were synthesized by a modified self-assembled micellar soft-templatemethod, followed by fabrication by vacuum filtration of self-supportingexfoliated WSe2-nanosheet (NS)/PEDOT-NW composite films.The results showed that as the mass fractions of WSe2 NSsincreased from 0 to 20 wt % in the composite films, the electricalconductivity of the samples decreased from & SIM;1700 to & SIM;400S cm(-1), and the Seebeck coefficient increased from12.3 to 23.1 & mu;V K-1 at 300 K. A room-temperaturepower factor of 44.5 & mu;W m(-1) K-2 was achieved at 300 K for the sample containing 5 wt % WSe2 NSs, and a power factor of 67.3 & mu;W m(-1) K-2 was obtained at 380 K. The composite film containing5 wt % WSe2 NSs was mechanically flexible, as shown byits resistance change ratio of 7.1% after bending for 500 cycles ata bending radius of 4 mm. A flexible thermoelectric (TE) power generatorcontaining four TE legs could generate an output power of 52.1 nWat a temperature difference of 28.5 K, corresponding to a power densityof & SIM;0.33 W/m(2). This work demonstrates that the fabricationof inorganic nanosheet/organic nanowire TE composites is an approachto improve the TE properties of conducting polymers.
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| 17. |
- Guo, Sihua, et al.
(författare)
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Toward ultrahigh thermal conductivity graphene films
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2D Materials. - : IOP Publishing. - 2053-1583. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing demands of high-performance and functionality, electronics devices generate a great amount of heat. Thus, efficient heat dissipation is crucially needed. Owing to its extremely good thermal conductivity, graphene is an interesting candidate for this purpose. In this paper, a two-step temperature-annealing process to fabricate ultrahigh thermal conductive graphene assembled films (GFs) is proposed. The thermal conductivity of the obtained GFs was as high as 3826 +/- 47 W m(-1) K-1. Extending the time of high-temperature annealing significantly improved the thermal performance of the GF. Structural analyses confirmed that the high thermal conductivity is caused by the large grain size, defect-free stacking, and high flatness, which are beneficial for phonon transmission in the carbon lattice. The turbostratic stacking degree decreased with increasing heat treatment time. However, the increase in the grain size after long heat treatment had a more pronounced effect on the phonon transfer of the GF than that of turbostratic stacking. The developed GFs show great potential for efficient thermal management in electronics devices.
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| 18. |
- Guo, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of droplets from the trachea or bronchus in the respiratory tract during exhalation : A steady-state numerical investigation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aerosol Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0278-6826 .- 1521-7388. ; 54:8, s. 869-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory droplets are bioaerosols that originate from the respiratory tract. Knowing their deposition characteristics during exhalation would facilitate the understanding of the source of large respiratory droplets and their importance in the spread of respiratory infectious diseases. In this study, computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate the motion and deposition of droplets released from either trachea or bronchi in a realistic reconstruction of the human respiratory tract. Influences of airflow structures and locations of droplet generation on droplet deposition are studied, and droplets with diameters between 1 and 50 mu m are examined. The deposition of droplets is found to be influenced mainly by the droplet diameter and the flow rate of exhalation. The number of droplets released from the trachea or bronchi that can escape into the environment decreases as the flow rate increases. When the flow rate is low (10 L/min), the critical diameter of droplets generated in the lower respiratory system that can escape into the air is approximately 12 mu m, but this diameter is approximately 5 mu m when the flow rate is medium (30 to 60 L/min) or large (90 L/min). The larynx is the dominant site of deposition for droplets smaller than the critical diameter, while trachea and bronchus are more important locations that account for the deposition of larger droplets. This study indicates that the lower respiratory tract is an important source of fine droplets (<5 mu m) in indoor environments, and larger droplets probably originate from the upper respiratory tract, which needs further investigation. Copyright
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| 19. |
- Guo, Zongxin, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse roles of the metal binding domains and transport mechanism of copper transporting P-type ATPases
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copper transporting P-type (P1B-1-) ATPases are essential for cellular homeostasis. Nonetheless, the E1-E1P-E2P-E2 states mechanism of P1B-1-ATPases remains poorly understood. In particular, the role of the intrinsic metal binding domains (MBDs) is enigmatic. Here, four cryo-EM structures and molecular dynamics simulations of a P1B-1-ATPase are combined to reveal that in many eukaryotes the MBD immediately prior to the ATPase core, MBD−1, serves a structural role, remodeling the ion-uptake region. In contrast, the MBD prior to MBD−1, MBD−2, likely assists in copper delivery to the ATPase core. Invariant Tyr, Asn and Ser residues in the transmembrane domain assist in positioning sulfur-providing copper-binding amino acids, allowing for copper uptake, binding and release. As such, our findings unify previously conflicting data on the transport and regulation of P1B-1-ATPases. The results are critical for a fundamental understanding of cellular copper homeostasis and for comprehension of the molecular bases of P1B-1-disorders and ongoing clinical trials.
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| 20. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
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The 2022 yearbook of neurorestoratology
- 2023
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY. - : Tsinghua University Press. - 2324-2426. ; 11:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There was much progress in the field of Neurorestoratology in the year of 2022. It included highlighting advances in understanding the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, neurorestorative mechanisms, and clinical treatments as compiled in the 2022 yearbook of Neurorestoratology. There is still controversy about whether amyloid b-protein and tau protein deposition are the reasons for or the results of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The fabricated images in important key articles that speculated on the reasons for AD pathogenesis were found. Cholinergic deficiency and decrease or loss in strength of glutamatergic synapse, limited or failing bidirectional cholinergic upregulation in early cognitive impairment, or progressive posterior-to-anterior cortical cholinergic denervation could result in the appearance of AD. Exploration of neurorestorative mechanisms were found in more detail ways in neuromodulation, immunomodulation, neurogenesis, neural network or circuitry reconstruction, neuroprotection, nervous structural repair, and neuroplasticity. Several kinds of cell therapies for neurological diseases showed neurorestorative effects in open-label and/or non-randomized clinical studies or trials. However, mesenchymal stromal cells and mononuclear cells did not demonstrate neurorestorative effects or improve the quality of life for patients with neurodegenerative diseases or neurotrauma including stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RDPCTs). Clinical treatments through neurostimulation/neuromodulati on and the brain-computer/ machine interface yielded positive results in AD, Parkinson's disease, stroke, SCI, cerebral palsy, and other diseases in RDPCTs. Neurorestorative surgery, pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapy and other interventions have demonstrated neurorestorative effects for various considered incurable neurological diseases in RDPCTs. Thus, this year, additional guidelines, assessment scales, and standards were set up or revised. These included guidelines of clinical neurorestorative treatments for brain trauma (2022 China version), clinical cell therapy guidelines for neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2022), SCI or dysfunction quality of life rating scale (SCIDQLRS) (IANR 2022 version). Neurorestorative effects of varying therapeutic stra-tegies with higher standards of evidence-based medicine are now benefiting patients with currently incurable neurological diseases. Hopefully some of them may become routine therapeutic interventions for patients with these diseases in the near future.
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| 21. |
- Jin, Yukun, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed Insulating State for van der Waals CoPS3
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 13:45, s. 10486-10493
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale high-quality van der Waals CoPS3single crystals are synthesized using a chemical vapor transport (CVT) method. The crystallographic structure and electronic properties of this layered material are systematically studied using different spectroscopic methods (XPS, NEXAFS, and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy) accompanied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All experimental and theoretical data allow assignment of this material to the class of mixed Mott-Hubbard/charge-transfer insulator with Udd≅ Δ. All obtained results can enrich the information on the new class of van der Waals materials, transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides, and help to further effectively exploit their electronic, optical, and transport properties, which are important for adopting this kind of materials into different application areas, such as spintronics and catalysis.
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| 22. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 23. |
- Li, Man-Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Amino-Supported Palladium Catalyst for Chemo- and Stereoselective Domino Reactions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 60:2, s. 670-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A solid amino-supported palladium catalyst is used in an oxidative domino reaction for the diastereoselective construction of alkyne-substituted cyclopentenol compounds. This heterogeneous catalyst exhibits high efficiency and excellent chemoselectivity, as well as good recyclability. The chemoselectivity of the domino reactions was readily controlled by switching the solvent and catalyst. Asymmetric syntheses and an oxidative carbocyclization-borylation reaction have also been developed based on the heterogeneous palladium catalyst.
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| 24. |
- Liu, Hao, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray spectral evolution in an X-ray changing-look AGN NGC 1365 with variable column density
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-4527. ; 21:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL AGNs) are a subpopulation of AGNs, whose line-of-sight column densities increase/decrease within several years. The physical mechanism for the variation of column density is unclear. We reduce the X-ray data from XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations for a CL AGN NGC 1365 with strong variation of column densities. The X-ray spectrum quickly softens as the X-ray luminosity increases and optical-to-X-ray spectral index also increases as increasing of optical luminosity. These results support that NGC 1365 also undergoes strong spectral evolution as that recently suggested for the optically selected CL AGNs with reappearance/disappearance of broad emission lines. Therefore, the variation of column density may be driven by the variable disk winds during the strong evolution of disk/corona.
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| 25. |
- Liu, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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16% efficiency all-polymer organic solar cells enabled by a finely tuned morphology via the design of ternary blend
- 2021
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Ingår i: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 5:4, s. 914-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A SUMMARY There is an urgent demand for all-polymer organic solar cells (AP-OSCs) to gain higher efficiency. Here, we successfully improve the performance to 16.09% by introducing a small amount of BN-T, a B <- N-type polymer acceptor, into the PM6:PY-IT blend. It has been found that BN-T makes the active layer, based on the PM6:PY-IT:BN-T ternary blend, more crystalline but meanwhile slightly reduces the phase separation, leading to enhancement of both exciton harvesting and charge transport. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, BN-T prefers to reside between PM6 and PY-IT, and the fraction of this fine-tunes the morphology. Besides, a significantly reduced nonradiative energy loss occurs in the ternary blend, along with the coexistence of energy and charge transfer between the two acceptors. The progressive performance facilitated by these improved properties demonstrates that AP-OSCs can possibly comparably efficient with those based on small molecule acceptors, further enhancing the competitiveness of this device type.
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| 26. |
- Liu, Yan Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Electron-rotation coupling in diatomics under strong-field excitation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 102:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The photoexcitation and photodissociation of diatomic molecules by intense pulse lasers has been the subject of extensive investigations over the past decades. However, the usually employed theoretical framework neglects the coupling between the molecular rotational angular momentum (R) and the angular momentum of the electrons projected onto the molecular axis Omega = Lambda + Sigma, which results in the known Lambda-doubling phenomenon in high-resolution electronic spectra of diatomic molecules. While neglecting this coupling is an excellent approximation in the weak-field or perturbative regime owing to the large mass difference between the rotating atoms and the electrons, the approximation breaks down for intense laser pulses because of the repeated Rabi cycling of the electronic transitions, which can have a significant effect on the rotational degrees of freedom of the molecule. By correcting the transition dipole matrix elements and introducing angular basis sets based on Wigner D functions, the conventional theoretical treatment is generalized to a universal description valid for both the weak- and strong-field regimes. The theoretical treatment developed here is applied to the vertical bar(1)Sigma > to vertical bar(1)Pi > transitions in diatomic systems. Our results reveal that, for field intensities resulting in about one Rabi cycling for extreme ultraviolet or x-ray transitions, the theoretical predictions by the conventional theoretical frame need to be corrected when considering observables such as the molecular alignment and the angular distribution of the photofragments.
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| 27. |
- Liu, Yan Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Electron-rotation coupling in UV photodissociation of aligned diatomics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Research. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2643-1564. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effect of electron-rotation coupling (R -Omega coupling) on fs UV photodissociation dynamics of aligned diatomic molecules. We consider the showcase of ground-state MeH+ ((1)Sigma(+)) pumped by an fs IR pulse, which initiates rotational dynamics leading to field-free molecular alignment. A time-delayed fs UV pulse probes the degree of alignment of the rotational wave packet in the framework of photodissociation spectroscopy. The molecular alignment correlates directly with the angular distribution of the photofragments in the dissociative (1)Pi state, as it is shown in our simulations comparing the cases when the R -Omega coupling is included and ignored. We show how the angular distribution of the photofragment is strongly affected by the R -Omega coupling at various delay times with specific molecular alignment. It was shown that increases of the fs UV pulse intensity and the degree of alignment enhance the effect of R -Omega coupling on the angular distribution of the photofragments. On the contrary, an increase of the initial temperature tends to reduce the effect of R -Omega coupling, which is explained by the fact that such an effect turns smaller as the increasing of magnetic state vertical bar M-0 vertical bar for each initial rotational state J(0); furthermore, higher excited rotational state J(0) contains more magnetic states M-0, and the results have been averaged over all degenerated M-0 states.
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| 28. |
- Liu, Yan Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Photodissociation dynamics of the NH molecule under intense VUV pulses
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Research. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2643-1564. ; 2:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photodissociation dynamics of the NH molecule excited from the triplet ground X-3 Sigma(-) to 2(3)Pi state by resonant intense VUV pulses have been comprehensively investigated by the recently proposed theoretical treatment involving the electron-rotation coupling. The rotational dynamics are described by the Wigner D functions, and the electronic transition operators are refined with respect to the changes of the projection of the total orbital angular momentum onto the molecular axis Delta Lambda. The kinetic energy release (KER) spectra and the angular distribution of photofragments are obtained by averaging over nine degenerate initial angular states, computed separately. We have shown that the KER spectra are not very sensitive to the electron-rotation coupling for different pulse intensity and energy detuning from the resonance. The angular distribution of the photofragments, on the contrary, is strongly affected by the electron-rotation coupling at the small angles between the molecular axis and laser polarization. The influence of the electron-rotational coupling shows different trends for positive and negative detunings from the resonance at variation of the pulse intensity, which is explained by sufficient changes of the rotational wave packet dynamics caused by different phases of the initial rotational states.
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| 29. |
- Liu, Yan Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Photodissociation spectroscopy via a rovibrational resonance in intense UV pulses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Research. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2643-1564. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photodissociation dynamics via a rovibrational resonance in intense UV pulses is investigated theoretically, using a showcase CH+ molecule promoted to the C 1E+ valence excited electronic state with a potential barrier, thus giving access to study shape resonance controlled by the pulse frequency. Simulations of the kinetic energy release (KER) and angular distribution of the photofragments (ADP) spectra show dramatic differences for the cases when the pulse is tuned on and off the rovibrational resonance. It shows that as the increasing pulse intensity for the transitions to shape resonance, the KER spectra develop into new and higher energy peaks overlying on the broadened background, which is explained by the involvement of other resonances with higher partial waves through electronic Rabi flopping between the ground and excited electronic states. Those nonlinear contribution increases drastically the probability of photofragmentation along the laser polarization in the ADP spectra. The coincident KER-ADP spectra reveal clearly the correlated dynamics in the vicinity of the dissociation barrier. The present work opens possibilities for the manipulation of ultrafast photodissociation dynamics with the help of resonance states in the continuum.
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| 30. |
- Liu, Yan Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Ultraviolet Pump-Probe Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Electron-Rotation Coupling in Diatomics
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 12:23, s. 5534-5539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic angular momentum projected onto the diatomic axis couples with the angular momentum of the nuclei, significantly affecting the rotational motion of the system under electronic excitations by intense lasers. In this letter, we propose a pump-probe photodissociation scheme for an accurate determination of electron-rotation coupling effects induced by the strong fields. As a showcase we study the CH+ molecule excited by a short intense ultraviolet pump pulse to the A(1)Pi state, which triggers coupled rovibrational dynamics. The dynamics is observed by measuring the kinetic energy release and angular resolved photofragmentation upon photodissociation induced by the time-delayed probe pulse populating the C-1 Sigma(+) state. Simulations of the rovibrational dynamics unravel clear fingerprints of the electron-rotation coupling effects that can be observed experimentally. The proposed pump-probe scheme opens new possibilities for the study of ultrafast dynamics following valence electronic transitions with current laser technology, and possible applications are also discussed.
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| 31. |
- Lu, Yingchang, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Novel Loci and New Risk Variant in Known Loci for Colorectal Cancer Risk in East Asians
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 29:2, s. 477-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Risk variants identified so far for colorectal cancer explain only a small proportion of milial risk of this cancer, particularly in Asians.Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in East Asians, cluding 23,572 colorectal cancer cases and 48,700 controls. To identify novel risk loci, we selected 60 omising risk variants for replication using data from 58,131 colorectal cancer cases and 67,347 controls European descent. To identify additional risk variants in known colorectal cancer loci, we performed nditional analyses in East Asians.Results: An indel variant, rs67052019 at 1p13.3, was found to be associated with colorectal cancer risk P = 3.9 x 10(-8) in Asians (OR per allele deletion = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.18). This sociation was replicated in European descendants using a variant (rs2938616) in complete linkage sequilibrium with rs67052019 (P = 7.7 x 10(-3)). Of the remaining 59 variants, 12 showed an association P < 0.05 in the European-ancestry study, including rs11108175 and rs9634162 at P < 5 x 10(-8) and o variants with an association near the genome-wide significance level (rs60911071, P = 5.8 x 10(-8); 62558833, P = 7.5 x 10(-8)) in the combined analyses of Asian- and European-ancestry data. In addition, ing data from East Asians, we identified 13 new risk variants at 11 loci reported from previous GWAS.Conclusions: In this large GWAS, we identified three novel risk loci and two highly suggestive loci for lorectal cancer risk and provided evidence for potential roles of multiple genes and pathways in the iology of colorectal cancer. In addition, we showed that additional risk variants exist in many colorectal ncer risk loci identified previously.Impact: Our study provides novel data to improve the understanding of the genetic basis for colorectal ncer risk.
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| 32. |
- Lu, Yiping, et al.
(författare)
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Promising properties and future trend of eutectic high entropy alloys
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462. ; 187, s. 202-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs), as a sub-group of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), are becoming a new research hotspot in the metallic materials community because of their excellent castability, fine and uniform microstructures even in the as-cast state, high strength, and good ductility. Some of the EHEAs have shown promising potentials for industrial applications. Here, the history, interesting solidification microstructure and mechanical properties, and the design strategy of EHEAs are reviewed, and their future prospects are outlined.
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| 33. |
- Luo, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional and temperature-dependent electronic structure of the heavy-fermion compound CePt2In7 studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 101:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three-dimensional and temperature-dependent electronic structures of the heavy-fermion superconductor CePt2In7 are investigated. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using variable photon energy establishes the existence of quasi-two- and three-dimensional Fermi surface topologies. Temperature-dependent 4d-4f on-resonance photoemission spectroscopies data reveal that heavy quasiparticle bands begin to form at a temperature well above the characteristic (coherence) temperature T+. The emergence of low-lying crystal electric field excitation may be responsible for the "relocalization" or the precursor to the establishment of heavy electrons coherence in heavy-fermion compounds. These findings provide critical insight into understanding the hybridization in heavy-fermion systems.
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| 34. |
- Ntalla, Ioanna, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry GWAS of the electrocardiographic PR interval identifies 202 loci underlying cardiac conduction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrocardiographic PR interval reflects atrioventricular conduction, and is associated with conduction abnormalities, pacemaker implantation, atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiovascular mortality. Here we report a multi-ancestry (N=293,051) genome-wide association meta-analysis for the PR interval, discovering 202 loci of which 141 have not previously been reported. Variants at identified loci increase the percentage of heritability explained, from 33.5% to 62.6%. We observe enrichment for cardiac muscle developmental/contractile and cytoskeletal genes, highlighting key regulation processes for atrioventricular conduction. Additionally, 8 loci not previously reported harbor genes underlying inherited arrhythmic syndromes and/or cardiomyopathies suggesting a role for these genes in cardiovascular pathology in the general population. We show that polygenic predisposition to PR interval duration is an endophenotype for cardiovascular disease, including distal conduction disease, AF, and atrioventricular pre-excitation. These findings advance our understanding of the polygenic basis of cardiac conduction, and the genetic relationship between PR interval duration and cardiovascular disease. On the electrocardiogram, the PR interval reflects conduction from the atria to ventricles and also serves as risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Here, the authors perform genome-wide meta-analyses for PR interval in multiple ancestries and identify 141 previously unreported genetic loci.
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| 35. |
- Pecunia, Vincenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap on energy harvesting materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7639. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
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| 36. |
- Ren, Yaojia, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study on microstructure, nanomechanical and corrosion behaviors of AlCoCuFeNi high entropy alloys fabricated by selective laser melting and laser metal deposition
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1005-0302. ; 131, s. 221-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the microstructure, nanomechanics, and corrosion behavior of AlCoCuFeNi high entropy alloys fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and laser metal deposition (LMD). The microstructure of SLM-processed specimens was mainly composed of columnar-grained BCC matrix (∼90 µm in width) and Cu-rich twinned FCC phase. The columnar grains grew epitaxially along the building direction and exhibited a strong {001} texture. In comparison, a coarse columnar-grained BCC matrix (∼150 µm in width) with a stronger 〈001〉 texture, rod-like B2 precipitates, and large core-shell structured FCC phases were formed in the LMD-processed specimens due to the higher heat accumulation effect. Consequently, the LMD-processed specimens showed a lower hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, but higher creep resistance and reduced Young's modulus than the SLM-processed specimens. Hot cracks occurred in both types of specimens, which could not be completely suppressed due to Cu segregation.
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| 37. |
- Sedlacek, Ondrej, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Chain Length of Gradient and Block Copoly(2-oxazoline)s on Self-Assembly and Drug Encapsulation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Small. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 18:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amphiphilic gradient copolymers represent a promising alternative to extensively used block copolymers due to their facile one-step synthesis by statistical copolymerization of monomers of different reactivity. Herein, an in-depth analysis is provided of micelles based on amphiphilic gradient poly(2-oxazoline)s with different chain lengths to evaluate their potential for micellar drug delivery systems and compare them to the analogous diblock copolymer micelles. Size, morphology, and stability of self-assembled nanoparticles, loading of hydrophobic drug curcumin, as well as cytotoxicities of the prepared nanoformulations are examined using copoly(2-oxazoline)s with varying chain lengths and comonomer ratios. In addition to several interesting differences between the two copolymer architecture classes, such as more compact self-assembled structures with faster exchange dynamics for the gradient copolymers, it is concluded that gradient copolymers provide stable curcumin nanoformulations with comparable drug loadings to block copolymer systems and benefit from more straightforward copolymer synthesis. The study demonstrates the potential of amphiphilic gradient copolymers as a versatile platform for the synthesis of new polymer therapeutics.
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| 38. |
- Shi, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy by an ultrashort x-ray-laser pulse in a continuous-wave IR field
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 101:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray transient absorption spectra (XTAS) of molecules are theoretically investigated in a femtosecond x-ray pump and continuous-wave (cw) infrared (IR)-control scenario. The scheme is exemplified by a CO molecule resonantly pumped into carbon and oxygen core-excited 1s -> 7r* states by a weak femtosecond x-ray pulse, while dynamic Stark shifts are induced by the cw IR-control radiation. As a result, significant shoulder structures appear in XTAS showing strong dependence on the phase of IR radiation relative to the envelope of the x-ray pulse. Due to a significant difference in the frequencies of the two pulses, the present XTAS scheme provides much clear interpretation of the dynamic Stark effects as compared to the attosecond UV transient absorption scenario. Within the suggested two-level model, where the total spectrum is decomposed as incoherent superposition of contributions from different vibrational excitations weighted by the Franck-Condon Factors, all spectral structures can be well identified and interpreted in a good agreement with the full-scale molecular simulations. Well-characterized XTAS in the proposed IR-control scheme can be applied for fine phase synchronization between IR and x-ray pulses, highly demanded in modern experiments on x-ray free-electron lasers.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Xu, Xiao-Ye, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental extraction of nonlocal weak values for demonstrating the failure of a product rule
- 2020
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Ingår i: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 45:7, s. 1715-1718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate an alternative method for measuring nonlocal weak values in linear optics, avoiding the use of second-order interaction. The method is based on the concept of modular values. The paths of two photons, initialized in hyperentangled states, are adopted as the meter with the polarization acting as the system. The modular values are read out through the reconstructed final states of the meter. The weak value of nonlocal observables is given through its connection to the modular value. Comparing the weak values of local and nonlocal observables, we demonstrate the failure of product rules for an entangled system. Our results significantly simplify the task of measuring nonloral weak values and will play an important role in the application of weak measurement.
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| 41. |
- Yao, Jingzhi, et al.
(författare)
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Nontargeted Identification and Temporal Trends of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Fluorochemical Industrial Zone and Adjacent Taihu Lake
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 56:12, s. 7986-7996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) remain undiscovered and unexplored in the environment. The goals of this study were to discover new species of PFASs in effluent and surface waters from a fluorochemical industrial zone, and to assess their concentration, distribution, and temporal trends in the adjacent natural environment. In total, 83 emerging PFASs from 14 classes were identified, 22 of which were reported for the first time. Authentic standards were synthesized for 13 per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), thereby greatly expanding the scope of PFAS-targeted monitoring. The newly identified compounds accounted for 27%-95% of the total PFAS concentrations. Of note, a novel diether carboxylic acid, 2-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)hexafluoropropoxy]tetrafluoropropanoic acid (C7 HFPO-TA) was detected at an extremely high concentration in the fluorochemical zone effluent (447 000 ng/L) and at a median concentration in the fluorochemical zone surface water (670 ng/L), with detectable levels also found in the natural environment, that is, Wangyu River (23 ng/L) and Taihu Lake (5.6 ng/L). The distinct geographic distribution of C7 HFPO-TA suggests transport from the industrial point source to Taihu Lake via the Wangyu River. The concentration of C7 HFPO-TA in Taihu Lake, along with that of many other emerging PFASs, continued to grow in three sampling campaigns from 2016 to 2021. Considering the environmental persistence and toxicity of structurally similar PFECAs (e.g., HFPO-DA), studies on C7 HFPO-TA are urgently needed.
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| 42. |
- Young, William J., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic analyses of the electrocardiographic QT interval and its components identify additional loci and pathways
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The QT interval is a heritable electrocardiographic measure associated with arrhythmia risk when prolonged. Here, the authors used a series of genetic analyses to identify genetic loci, pathways, therapeutic targets, and relationships with cardiovascular disease. The QT interval is an electrocardiographic measure representing the sum of ventricular depolarization and repolarization, estimated by QRS duration and JT interval, respectively. QT interval abnormalities are associated with potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Using genome-wide multi-ancestry analyses (>250,000 individuals) we identify 177, 156 and 121 independent loci for QT, JT and QRS, respectively, including a male-specific X-chromosome locus. Using gene-based rare-variant methods, we identify associations with Mendelian disease genes. Enrichments are observed in established pathways for QT and JT, and previously unreported genes indicated in insulin-receptor signalling and cardiac energy metabolism. In contrast for QRS, connective tissue components and processes for cell growth and extracellular matrix interactions are significantly enriched. We demonstrate polygenic risk score associations with atrial fibrillation, conduction disease and sudden cardiac death. Prioritization of druggable genes highlight potential therapeutic targets for arrhythmia. Together, these results substantially advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
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| 43. |
- Zeng, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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A scoping study on remelting process of a debris bed in the lower head of reactor pressure vessel
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4549 .- 1873-2100. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coolability and retention of core melt (corium) in the lower head of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) has been accepted as a severe accident management strategy to maintain the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) integrity of a light water reactor. To qualify the in-vessel melt retention strategy, lots of studies have been performed to investigate the natural convection heat transfer of a melt pool in the lower head. However, little work has been attributed to the precursory phase of the melt pool, i.e., the remelting process of a debris bed which is formed in the lower head at the very beginning of corium relocation from the core the lower head. The present study is motivated to conduct an experimental study on the debris remelting process. For this purpose, a dedicated test facility named COREM (COrium REMelting) is conceived and constructed, which features internal heating of electromagnetic induction and visualization of debris remelting dynamics. The test section is a semicircular vessel representing a slice of scaled-down RPV lower head, whose front and back walls are made of transparent tempered glass which facilitate visualization and induction heating of the debris bed. Fiber probes with multiple optical temperature sensors are mounted in the semicircular wall of the test section to measure its temperature distribution. In the scoping test, n-octanol and Wood's metal are selected as the simulant materials of metallic and oxidic components of corium, respectively, and their particles ware loaded in the test section to form a debris bed. This paper presents the first two scoping tests which have been performed with the COREM facility so far, under different mixing ratios of two debris materials. The measured data include the photography of debris remelting processes and the temperatures in the debris bed and the semicircular wall. Based on the temperature distributions, heat flux profile along the semicircular vessel wall is also estimated. The scoping tests well reproduce the dynamic process of debris remelting, with two distinct stages of fusion of n-octanol and Wood's metal, i.e., melting successively from low to high melting-point debris particles. During the remelting process, the vessel wall temperatures increase with the polar angle firstly and then decrease gradually, leading to the highest temperature appearing in the middle of the lower layer of the stratified molten pool which is finally formed.
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| 44. |
- Zhang, Lixiu, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: NANO-MICRO LETTERS. - : SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV PRESS. - 2311-6706. ; 15:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
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| 45. |
- Zhao, Shi-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype-resolved genome assembly of Coriaria nepalensis a non-legume nitrogen-fixing shrub
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coriaria nepalensis Wall. (Coriariaceae) is a nitrogen-fixing shrub which forms root nodules with the actinomycete Frankia. Oils and extracts of C. nepalensis have been reported to be bacteriostatic and insecticidal, and C. nepalensis bark provides a valuable tannin resource. Here, by combining PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding techniques, we generated a haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly for C. nepalensis. This genome assembly is approximately 620 Mb in size with a contig N50 of 11 Mb, with 99.9% of the total assembled sequences anchored to 40 pseudochromosomes. We predicted 60,862 protein-coding genes of which 99.5% were annotated from databases. We further identified 939 tRNAs, 7,297 rRNAs, and 982 ncRNAs. The chromosome-scale genome of C. nepalensis is expected to be a significant resource for understanding the genetic basis of root nodulation with Frankia, toxicity, and tannin biosynthesis.
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