| 1. |
- Ewerlöf, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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DN Debatt. ”Låt gräsklipparen stå – för naturens skull”
- 2023
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In an era of species extinction and climate change, we should abandon the well-trimmed lawn and let gardens grow wilder, writes Anna Persson and other researchers and landscape architects on DN Debatt.
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| 2. |
- Lindgren, Timmy, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatry Nurses' Experiences of Patient-Initiated Brief Admission from Inpatient and Outpatient Perspectives : A Qualitative Exploratory Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - 1096-4673. ; , s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patient-initiated brief admission (PIBA) allows patients to decide when admission to psychiatric care is necessary. This may prevent long-term hospitalisation and promote patient participation. Research on psychiatric nurses' experiences with PIBA is lacking, therefore 11 nurses were interviewed and data analysed using content analysis. Prominent categories were: improved personal development for the patient, more equal nurse-patient relationship, rapid access to a safe environment and strengthened professional collaboration. PIBA is a helpful intervention for patients in crisis, giving both patients and nurses a sense of security. Future studies should explore how this impacts nurses' work environment and job satisfaction.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Majoros, Erika, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Four decades of measuring attitude towards mathematics
- 2020
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Ingår i: National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) Annual Meeting, September 9-11, 2020, digital event.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility of linking two mathematics attitude scales in international large-scale assessments on mathematics from 1980 to 2015. The purpose is to provide a basis for investigating long-term trends in non-cognitive educational outcomes. Preliminary results show great possibilities for linking.
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| 5. |
- Majoros, Erika, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Four decades of measuring attitude towards mathematics
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Conference on Educational Research (ECER) European Educational Research Association (EERA), canceled.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Descriptive findings from twenty years of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) suggest that promoting enjoyment and self-confidence in relation to mathematics might be important policy goals even without expecting them to boost achievement (Mullis, Martin, and Loveless, 2016). This suggestion regards attitude as another important outcome of education as it was classified in the First International Mathematics Study (Husén, 1967). Therefore, investigating the measurement of attitudes towards mathematics over time may result in implications for policy besides methodological advancements given the challenges of this approach. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the feasibility of linking mathematics attitude scales in international large-scale assessments on mathematics from 1980 to 2015. Data is drawn from SIMS, administered in 1980, and all the TIMSS cycles, repeated in every fourth year since 1995. Six educational systems, which have participated in all time points have been chosen, England, Hong Kong, Hungary, Israel, Japan, and the United States. We used data from the populations of grade eight or equivalent and items from the scales of extrinsic motivation. Document analysis is conducted using the international reports of the respective studies to evaluate the degrees of similarity by employing the scheme suggested by Kolen and Brennan (2004). Furthermore, we explore overlaps in the instruments by identifying similar and identical common items of the student questionnaires. Measurement invariance across cycles and between countries is evaluated with the multiple group factor analysis alignment method (Asparouhov & Muthén, 2014). Preliminary results show great possibilities for linking the scales in terms of the degree of similarity between the studies. The present study provides an empirical starting point for a long-term linking of non-cognitive scales measuring attitude toward mathematics from 1980 to 2015. Long-term trends of the non-cognitive outcomes might reveal empirical evidence supporting the significance of promoting enjoyment and self-confidence in relation to mathematics.
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| 6. |
- Majoros, Erika, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Measures of long-term trends in mathematics: linking large-scale assessments over 50 years
- 2021
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Ingår i: Educational Assessment Evaluation and Accountability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-8597 .- 1874-8600. ; 33:1, s. 71-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International comparative assessments of student achievement are constructed to assess country-level differences and change over time. A coherent understanding of the international trends in educational outcomes is strongly needed as suggested by numerous previous studies. Investigating these trends requires long-term analysis, as substantial changes on the system level are rarely observed regarding student outcomes in short periods (i.e., between adjacent international assessment cycles). The present study aims to link recent and older studies conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) onto a common scale to study long-term trends within and across countries. It explores the comparability of the achievement tests of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and previous IEA studies on mathematics in grade eight. Employing item response theory, we perform a concurrent calibration of item parameters to link the eight studies onto a common scale spanning the period from 1964 to 2015 using data from England, Israel, Japan, and the USA.
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| 8. |
- Nyman-Carlsson, Erika, 1982-
(författare)
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Anorexia nervosa - The journey towards recovery : A randomized controlled treatment trial: assessment, prediction, treatment outcome and clinical change
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to study young adult women with anorexia nervosa (AN) participating in an randomized controlled trial in relation to assessment, treatment outcome, prediction, and clinical change. The results confirm the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 as a valid instrument for measuring eating disorder symptoms and general psychopathology. AN patients, however, rate themselves significantly lower than patients with other eating disorder diagnoses, and interoceptive deficits are the best predictive subscale for AN diagnosis. Patients significantly improved in terms of weight and eating disorder psychopathology, with no differences between individual CBT and family therapy (FT). Most patients did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria at post-assessment, at 76% and 86% at followup. Patients in FT were considered completers to a higher extent than patients receiving CBT, and 8% were prematurely discharged, in comparison to 30% for CBT. Bulimic symptoms and emotional dysregulation at baseline had a negative effect on diagnostic symptoms, and lower levels of interoceptive deficits predicted weight increase in the FT group. Lower levels of emotional dysregulation and higher levels of interoceptive deficits explained 37% of the variance in BMI changes in the CBT group. The classifications of CS/RCI were shown to be valid when compared to normal controls. Patients classified as clinically significantly improved constituted 35-47% of all patients, and only three patients fulfilled the proposed definition of recovery. The agreement of the diagnostic criteria was fair.The results suggest that individual CBT and FT are effective treatments for young adults. The ability to acknowledge, interpret, and handle emotions is an important aspect of treatment. Self-report measurements are useful for evaluating individual changes; however, diagnostic criteria do not accord with self-reported symptom changes and physical, behavioral, and psychological measurements are important for a complete estimation of recovery.
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| 9. |
- Nyman-Carlsson, Erika, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Individual cognitive behavioral therapy and combined family/individual therapy for young adults with Anorexia nervosa : A randomized controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy Research. - : Routledge. - 1050-3307 .- 1468-4381. ; 30:8, s. 1011-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of outpatient individual cognitive behavioral therapy for young adults (CBT-YA) and combined family/individual therapy for young adults (FT-YA) for anorexia nervosa (AN).METHOD: Participants (aged 17-24 years) with AN in Sweden were recruited and assigned to 18 months of CBT-YA or FT-YA. Treatment efficacy was assessed primarily using BMI, presence of diagnosis, and degree of eating-related psychopathology at post-treatment and follow-up. Secondary outcomes included depression and general psychological psychopathology. The trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com/, ISRCTN (25181390).RESULTS: Seventy-eight participants were randomized, and seventy-four of them received allocated treatment and provided complete data. Clinical outcomes from within groups resulted in significant improvements for both groups. BMI increased from baseline (CBT-YA 16.49; FT-YA 16.54) to post-treatment (CBT-YA 19.61; FT-YA 19.33) with high effect sizes. The rate of weight restoration was 64.9% in the CBT-YA group and 83.8% in the FT-YA group. The rate of recovery was 76% in both groups at post-treatment, and at follow-up, 89% and 81% had recovered in the CBT-YA and FT-YA groups respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient CBT-YA and FT-YA appear to be of benefit to young adults with AN in terms of weight restoration and reduced eating disorder and general psychopathology.
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| 10. |
- Saliba-Gustafsson, Erika A., et al.
(författare)
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Barriers and facilitators to prudent antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections : A qualitative study with general practitioners in Malta
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Antibiotic resistance is a leading global public health concern and antibiotic use is a key driver. Effective interventions are needed to target key stakeholders, including general practitioners (GPs). In Malta, little is known about factors that influence GPs' antibiotic prescribing, making it challenging to implement targeted interventions. We therefore aimed to explore GPs' understanding of antibiotic use and resistance, and describe their perceived barriers and facilitators to prudent antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in Malta.Methods Face-to-face individual semi-structured interviews were held with a quota sample of 20 GPs in 2014. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and later analysed iteratively using manifest and latent content analysis. Findings were collated in a socioecological model to depict how GPs as individuals are embedded within larger social systems and contexts, and how each component within this system impacts their prescribing behaviour.Findings We found that GPs' antibiotic prescribing decisions are complex and impacted by numerous barriers and facilitators at the individual, interpersonal, organisational, community, and public policy level. Predominant factors found to impact GPs' antibiotic prescribing included not only intrinsic GP factors such as knowledge, awareness, experience, and misconceptions, but also several external factors. At the interpersonal level, GPs' perceived patient demand and behaviour to be a persistent issue that impacts their prescribing decisions. Similarly, some GPs found pressure from drug reps to be concerning despite being considered an important source of information. Organisational and public policy-level issues such as lack of access to relevant antibiotic prescribing guidelines and current antibiotic resistance data from the community, were also considered major barriers to appropriate antibiotic prescribing. Utilisation of diagnostic testing was found to be low and GPs' perceptions on the introduction of rapid point-of-care tests to support antibiotic prescription decisions, were mixed.Conclusion This study revealed the complexity of the antibiotic prescribing decision and the numerous barriers and facilitators that impact it, visualised through a socioecological model. Addressing GPs' antibiotic prescribing practices will require targeted and coordinated implementation activities at all levels to change behaviour and address misconceptions, whilst also improving the physical and social environment.
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| 11. |
- Saliba Gustafsson, Erika A
(författare)
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General practitioners’ antibiotic prescribing practices in Malta : understanding drivers to inform the implementation of a social marketing behaviour change intervention
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Antibiotic resistance is a leading global public health problem and complex challenge. Although a multitude of factors affect its development, antibiotic use is a key driver. In fact, in Europe, a positive correlation between antibiotic use and resistance has been shown. The largest volumes of antibiotics are prescribed in the community setting and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) remain the most common diagnoses despite often being self-limiting. Malta has one of the highest antibiotic consumption rates in Europe with the top two reasons being sore throat and the flu. Since most antibiotics are obtained through a medical prescription, this suggests that antibiotics are overprescribed by doctors, and general practitioners (GPs) in particular are a suitable target group for interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing. However, prescribing decisions are often complex and influenced by numerous interrelated factors. Therefore changing prescribing behaviour first necessitates an in-depth understanding of antibiotic prescribing practices and factors that impact this behaviour. To date, large knowledge gaps remain in Malta which makes the implementation of evidence-based interventions targeting prescribers challenging. Aim: The aim of this thesis, which forms part of a larger intervention project, was to explore GPs’ views on antibiotic use and resistance in Malta, and to gain a better understanding of their antibiotic prescribing patterns for RTIs including the factors that influence their prescribing behaviour. Methods: Data were derived from two pre-intervention studies; one qualitative [Papers I & II] and one quantitative [Papers III & IV]. For the qualitative study, individual face-to-face interviews were held in 2014 with a quota sample of 20 GPs. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed iteratively using manifest and latent content analysis [Paper I] and phenomenography [Paper II]. The quantitative study was a repeated cross-sectional surveillance study for which 30 GPs and 3 GP trainees collected monthly data for all patients with an acute respiratory tract complaint during predetermined one week periods between May 2015 and April 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to examine patient, consultation and clinical characteristics, and to describe GPs’ prescribing patterns [Paper III]. In Paper IV, the association between GP-, practice- and consultationlevel factors, patient sociodemographic factors and patient health status factors, and antibiotic prescription (yes/no) was investigated using generalised estimating equations to estimate population-averaged effects. Key findings: GPs’ provided an antibiotic prescription to 45.7% of cases, the majority of which (99.6%) were broad-spectrum. Almost all (84.3%) were for immediate use, whilst 15.7% were delayed prescriptions. Through qualitative interviews five qualitatively different ways by which GPs perceived delayed antibiotic prescribing were described: (i) to maintain a good GP-patient relationship, retain patients and avoid doctor-shopping, (ii) to reach a compromise and provide treatment just in case, (iii) to provide the patient comfort and reassurance, (iv) to empower and educate patients, and limit antibiotic use, and (v) to retain GP responsibility by employing a wait-and-see approach. Surveillance data also revealed that GPs’ antibiotic prescribing is associated with a number of GP-, patient-, clinical- and consultation- level factors. This was largely corroborated by qualitative evidence that showed that antibiotic prescribing is impacted not only by intrinsic GP factors but several other factors, including but not limited to, diagnostic uncertainty, patient demand, interaction with drug reps, availability of guidelines and community resistance data, and access to diagnostic testing. Conclusions: GPs’ antibiotic prescribing for RTIs in Malta is high. The abundant use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is of particular concern and indicates that antibiotics are not being used appropriately. A number of factors were found to impact GPs’ antibiotic prescribing behaviour. In order to improve this behaviour, targeted and coordinated implementation activities must address barriers identified at all levels of the system and provide GPs with the necessary tools to alleviate diagnostic uncertainty.
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