| 1. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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What is Number of Days in Number of Times? : Associations Between, and Responsiveness of, Two Sickness Presenteeism Measures
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 62:5, s. e180-e185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the associations between sickness presenteeism (SP) reported as number of days with SP reported as number of times and to evaluate their responsiveness.Methods: The study population (n = 454) consisted of employed individuals, at risk of long-term sickness absence. Correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the two SP measures and external constructs such as work performance, general health, and registered sick leave. Both SP constructs were measured several times to examine responsiveness.Results: The SP measures are moderately correlated. They moderately correlated with work performance and health status measures. SP reported as number of times seems to be more sensitive than number of days in detecting changes after rehabilitation.Conclusions: Numerical or categorical constructs are valid sources of data on SP. However, categorized SP seems to be more responsive.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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A Resourceful Work Environment Moderates the Relationship between Presenteeism and Health : A Study Using Repeated Measures in the Swedish Working Population
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate if the psychosocial work environment moderates the proposed negative impact of presenteeism on future general health. We expect that the negative impact of presenteeism on general health is weaker if the psychosocial work environment is resourceful, and more pronounced if the environment is stressful. Data were derived from the 2008-2018 biennial waves of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). The final analytic sample consisted ofn= 15,779 individuals. We applied repeated measures regression analyses through generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results from the autoregressive GEE models showed statistically significant interaction terms between presenteeism and all four investigated moderators, i.e., job demands, job control, job support and job strain. The results indicate that the psychosocial work environment moderates the negative association between presenteeism and general health and illustrates a buffering effect of the psychosocial work environment. A possible explanation for these results may be that psychosocially resourceful work environments give room for adjustments in the work situation and facilitate recovery. The results also indicate that by investing the psychosocial work environment employers may be able to promote worker health as well as prevent reduced job performance due to presenteeism.
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| 3. |
- Adediran, Gbotemi, et al.
(författare)
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Micro and nano sized particles in leachates from agricultural soils: Phosphorus and sulfur speciation by X-ray micro-spectroscopy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colloids and nanoparticles leached from agricultural land are major carriers of potentially bioavailable nutrients with high mobility in the environment. Despite significant research efforts, accurate knowledge of macronutrients in colloids and nanoparticles is limited. We used multi-elemental synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy with multivariate spatial analysis and X-ray atomic absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the P and S K-edges, to study the speciation of P and S in two fractions of leached particles, >0.45 and <0.45 mu m respectively, collected from four tile-drained agricultural sites in Sweden. P K-edge XANES showed that organic P, followed by P adsorbed to surfaces of aluminum-bearing particles were the most common forms of leached P. Iron-bound P (Fe-P) forms were generally less abundant (0-30 % of the total P). S K-edge XANES showed that S was predominantly organic, and a relatively high abundance of reduced S species suggests that redox conditions were adverse to the persistence of P bound to Fe-bearing colloids in the leachates. Acid ammonium-oxalate extractions suggested that P associated with Al and Fe (Al-P and Fe-P) in most cases could be explained by the adsorption capacity of non-crystalline (oxalate-extractable) oxides of Al and Fe. These results improve our understanding of particulate P and S speciation in the vadose zone and helps in developing effective technologies for mitigating colloidal driven eutrophication of water bodies near agricultural land. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Kulturvård. En introduktion
- 2021
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna bok undersöks kulturvård som universitetsämne och samhällspraktik, liksom relationen däremellan. Kulturvård är ett relativt ungt akademiskt ämne som under en kort tidsperiod har utvidgats med nya professionsinriktningar. Var står ämnet idag? Bokens författare hävdar att kulturvård kan bidra med perspektiv och metoder som krävs för att samhället ska kunna hantera framtidens stora utmaningar. Kulturvård borde vara centralt i debatten om hållbar utveckling och framtidens samhällsbyggande. Det borde vara en självklar del i arbetet med cirkulär ekonomi, där återanvändning av befintlig bebyggelse är ett självklart fokus. Det handlar om att på ett begripligt sätt tala om relationen mellan kulturvård, kulturarv och kulturmiljö.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Aullón Alcaine, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogeochemical controls on the mobility of arsenic, fluoride and other geogenic co-contaminants in the shallow aquifers of northeastern La Pampa Province in Argentina
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated Arsenic (As) and Fluoride (F) concentrations in groundwater have been studied in the shallow aquifers of northeastern of La Pampa province, in the Chaco-Pampean plain, Argentina. The source of As and co-contaminants is mainly geogenic, from the weathering of volcanic ash and loess (rhyolitic glass) that erupted from the Andean volcanic range. In this study we have assessed the groundwater quality in two semi-arid areas of La Pampa. We have also identified the spatial distribution of As and co-contaminants in groundwater and determined the major factors controlling the mobilization of As in the shallow aquifers. The groundwater samples were circum-neutral to alkaline (7.4 to 92), oxidizing (Eh similar to 0.24 V) and characterized by high salinity (EC = 456-11,400 mu S/cm) and Na+-HCO3- water types in recharge areas. Carbonate concretions ("tosca") were abundant in the upper layers of the shallow aquifer. The concentration of total As (5.6 to 535 mu g/L) and F (0.5 to 14.2 mg/L) were heterogeneous and exceeded the recommended WHO Guidelines and the Argentine Standards for drinking water. The predominant As species were arsenate As(V) oxyanions, determined by thermodynamic calculations. Arsenic was positively correlated with bicarbonate (HCO3-), fluoride (F), boron (B) and vanadium (V), but negatively correlated with iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn), which were present in low concentrations. The highest amount of As in sediments was from the surface of the dry lake. The mechanisms for As mobilization are associated with multiple factors: geochemical reactions, hydrogeological characteristics of the local aquifer and climatic factors. Desorption of As(V) at high pH, and ion competition for adsorption sites are considered the principal mechanisms for As mobilization in the shallow aquifers. In addition, the long-term consumption of the groundwater could pose a threat for the health of the local community and low cost remediation techniques are required to improve the drinking water quality.
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| 7. |
- Bladh, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Defined shapes of carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs correlate with specific signs of cardiovascular disease on ultrasound examination
- 2024
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Ingår i: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4403 .- 2212-4411.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to optimize diagnostics for carotid artery calcifications (CACs) on panoramic radiographs (PRs) to identify cardiovascular disease (CVD) by investigating how 4 defined CAC shapes are associated with ultrasound (US) findings indicating CVD. Study Design: The study included 414 participants (802 neck sides) from the Malmö Offspring Dental Study, examined with PRs. The PRs were assessed for CAC shapes stratified into 4 categories: single, scattered, vessel-width defining, and vessel-outlining. The carotid arteries were examined with US for signs of CVD: the presence of plaques, largest individual area of a plaque, number of plaques, and percentage reduction of the lumen. Associations between the different CAC categories and US characteristics were analyzed. Results: All categories of CAC were significantly associated with a higher degree of US findings indicating CVD compared with no CAC (P < .001). The most significant differences were found for vessel-outlining CAC, with the mean of the largest individual plaque area of 17.9 vs 2.3 mm2, mean number of plaques 1.6 vs 0.2, and mean percentage reduction of the lumen 24.1% vs 3.5% (all P < .001). Conclusions: Independent of shape, CACs detected on PRs were associated with a higher degree of US findings of CVD. This was most pronounced for vessel-outlining CAC. With refined differential diagnostics of CACs in PRs, dentists may contribute to improved identification of patients in need of cardiovascular prevention.
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| 8. |
- Braun, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorus desorption and isotope exchange kinetics in agricultural soils
- 2020
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Ingår i: Soil use and management. - : Wiley. - 0266-0032 .- 1475-2743.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve phosphorus (P) fertilization and environmental assessments, a better understanding of release kinetics of solid-phase P to soil solution is needed. In this study, Fe (hydr)oxide-coated filter papers (Fh papers), isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) and chemical extractions were used to assess the sizes of fast and slowly desorbing P pools in the soils of six long-term Swedish field experiments. The P desorption data from the Fh-paper extraction of soil (20 days of continual P removal) were fitted with the Lookman two-compartment desorption model, which estimates the pools of fast (Q1) and slowly (Q2) desorbing P, and their desorption rates k1 and k2. The amounts of isotope-exchangeable P (E) were calculated (E1min to E>3 months) and compared with Q1 and Q2. The strongest relationship was found between E1 min and Q1 (r2 =.87, p <.01). There was also an inverse relationship between the IEK parameter n (the rate of exchange) and k1 (r2 =.52, p <.01) and k2 (r2 =.52, p <.01), suggesting that a soil with a high value of n desorbs less P per time unit. The relationships between these results show that they deliver similar information, but both methods are hard to implement in routine analysis. However, Olsen-extractable P was similar in magnitude to Q1 (P-Olsen = 1.1 × Q1 + 2.3, r2 =.96), n and k1 were related to P-Olsen/P-CaCl2, while k2 was related to P-oxalate/P-Olsen. Therefore, these extractions can be used to estimate the sizes and desorption rates of the different P pools, which could be important for assessments of plant availability and leaching.
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| 9. |
- Folkersen, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 2:10, s. 1135-1148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating proteins are vital in human health and disease and are frequently used as biomarkers for clinical decision-making or as targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, we map and replicate protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 90 cardiovascular proteins in over 30,000 individuals, resulting in 451 pQTLs for 85 proteins. For each protein, we further perform pathway mapping to obtain trans-pQTL gene and regulatory designations. We substantiate these regulatory findings with orthogonal evidence for trans-pQTLs using mouse knockdown experiments (ABCA1 and TRIB1) and clinical trial results (chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5), with consistent regulation. Finally, we evaluate known drug targets, and suggest new target candidates or repositioning opportunities using Mendelian randomization. This identifies 11 proteins with causal evidence of involvement in human disease that have not previously been targeted, including EGF, IL-16, PAPPA, SPON1, F3, ADM, CASP-8, CHI3L1, CXCL16, GDF15 and MMP-12. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale mapping of the genetics of the proteome and provide a resource for future precision studies of circulating proteins in human health.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Jon-Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Where does all the phosphorus go? Mass balance modelling of phosphorus in the Swedish long-term soil fertility experiments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Geoderma. - 0016-7061 .- 1872-6259. ; 440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To gain insights into phosphorus (P) dynamics in soils and the ability to predict soil responses to varying fertilizer inputs, mass balance models prove to be valuable tools. In this study, a new dynamic mass balance model, PBalD8, was used to describe the change in extracted P in the A horizon of soils subjected to diverse fertilizer treatments over a period of 50 to 60 years in five soil fertility experiments. The model employed a Freundlich equation to describe soil-solution partitioning of P and assumed that acid-lactate-extractable P represented a labile pool of P in instant equilibrium with soil solution P. Additionally, oxalate-extractable inorganic P was presumed to comprise the sum of the labile and stable pools of P, with mass flux to and from the latter described by Fick's first law. The model was evaluated using results from extractions and P K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Notably, organic P, as revealed by P K-edge XANES, did not substantially contribute to long-term changes in soil P content and was therefore excluded from consideration. In general, the model offered reasonable fits to the extracted P concentrations. However, for the P-depleted treatments, a prerequisite was that the P removal through harvest was lower compared to measurements. Conversely, in three of the soils, the modelled fertilizer inputs needed to be reduced to 70 % to 85 % of the known additions. These discrepancies may be attributed to the involvement of deeper soil horizons, including deep crop uptake and mixing with lower soil layers, although other factors such as lateral dispersion and inaccuracies in estimating applied fertilizers cannot be discounted. These results underscore the necessity of gaining a more comprehensive understanding of how deeper soil horizons influence P mass balances in agricultural soils. In one of the soils, Fja center dot rdingslo center dot v, P K-edge XANES results demonstrated the formation of calcium phosphate over time in the highest fertilization treatment, consistent with the model. Additionally, in two soils, Kungsa center dot ngen and the P-depleted Vreta Kloster soil, the model predicted a significant contribution from mineral weathering. However, the PBalD8 model also projected higher P leaching rates than those observed, suggesting that the model may not fully capture this P output term.
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| 11. |
- Gustafsson, Klas, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction effects of physical and psychosocial working conditions on the risk of disability pension among nursing professionals and care assistants in Sweden : A prospective study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nursing professionals and care assistants are often subject to a combination of negative physical and psychosocial work environment factors, but most disability pension studies on such occupations have focused on one or the other of these factors. As they often coexist, there are reasons to assume that simultaneously being exposed to both types of exposures will increase the risk of disability more than being exposed to either. Objectives: The study examined combinations of physical and psychosocial work conditions as predictors of future disability pension among nursing professionals and care assistants in Sweden. Participants: The study was based on a random and representative sample of 79,004 participants in any of the Swedish Work Environment Surveys from 1993 to 2013. A total of 2576 nursing professionals, 10,175 care assistants, and 66,253 workers in other occupations were included. Methods: Information on background factors and disability pension was obtained from population registers. Cox proportional hazard regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed to study if pairs of combinations of physical and psychosocial factors were related to an increased risk of disability pension. Additionally, measures of synergistic effects were estimated. The analyses were stratified on occupation group, with adjustment for selected confounders. Results: The results indicated increased hazard ratios (HR) for disability pension for most combinations of physical and psychosocial working conditions. The hazard ratios for joint exposure to high demands and heavy physical work were high among both nursing professionals (HR 1.91; CI 1.06-3.44) and care assistants (HR 2.09; CI 1.63-2.69). Also, the combination of high demands and strenuous postures resulted in significantly elevated risks of disability pension among nursing professionals (HR 1.95; CI 1.20-3.16) and care assistants (HR 2.18; CI 1.71-2.77). The HRs for joint exposure to low control and both heavy physical work and strenuous postures were significant among all other occupations (HR 2.30; CI 2.052.58 and HR 2.24; CI 2.01-2.51), and among care assistants (HR 1.52; CI 1.26-1.85 and HR 1.61 CI 1.341.93), but not significant among nursing professionals. The synergistic effects on disability pension from combined exposures were generally positive among all three occupational groups. Conclusion: Nursing professionals and care assistants exposed to both negative physical and psychosocial conditions had an increased risk of disability pension. A synergistic effect with respect to disability pension was found among care assistants who reported low control and strenuous postures at work.
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| 12. |
- Gustafsson, Klas, et al.
(författare)
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Presenteeism, Psychosocial Working Conditions and Work Ability among Care Workers : A Cross-Sectional Swedish Population-Based Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presenteeism, attending work while ill, has been examined in different contexts in the last few decades. The aim was to examine whether poor psychosocial working conditions and perceived work ability are associated with increased odds ratios for presenteeism, focusing on nursing professionals and care assistants. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted. The selected individuals were extracted from representative samples of employees, aged 16-64, who participated in the Swedish Work Environment Surveys between 2001 and 2013 (n = 45,098). Three dimensions of psychosocial working conditions were measured: job demands, job control, and job support. Presenteeism and perceived work ability was measured. Using multiple logistic regression analyses, odds ratios for presenteeism with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. While nurses (n = 1716) showed the same presenteeism level as all the other occupation groups (n = 37,125), it was more common among care assistants (n = 6257). The odds ratio for presenteeism among those with high job demands (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 2.21-2.53), were higher among women than among men. For nursing professionals and care assistants, the odds ratios for presenteeism were highest among those with the lowest work ability level. The problems of presenteeism and low work ability among many health and care workers may be lessened by a reduction in psychosocial demands.
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| 13. |
- Gustafsson, Patrik, 1974-
(författare)
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Support for productive whole-class discussions in mathematics : Developing and exploring frameworks in the context of classroom response systems
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, research has stressed the importance of productive classroom discussions in high-quality mathematical instruction for all learners. However, after decades of attempts by professional development programs to support teachers in achieving these discussions, they are rarely reported on in the classroom context. Thus, there is still a need for support for teachers’ establishment of these discussions. One promising activity for achieving productive discussions involves using a classroom response system and implementing tasks in a multiple-choice format. However, there is little knowledge about whole-class discussions in secondary school mathematics using this approach. This thesis responds to this lack by contributing to knowledge about support for achieving productive whole-class discussions in mathematics using classroom response systems and multiple-choice tasks. The thesis particularly addresses knowledge about the key practices of constructing multiple-choice tasks and leading whole-class discussions. This is operationalized by applying an educational design research approach to 1) develop design principles for constructing tasks and a supplementary task type framework and further evaluate the potential of these design principles by characterizing whole-class discussions, and 2) explore frameworks for analyzing teachers’ leading of whole-class discussions and technology integration. In this work, data from interviews with teachers, reflection notes, and observations were used. The main results cover: characteristics of useful tasks in a multiple-choice format aiming at supporting teachers in achieving productive discussions; characteristics of whole-class discussions in the context of classroom response system in secondary school mathematics; the potential of applying the Structuring Features of Classroom Practice framework as an analytic tool to conceptualize and analyze teachers’ reasoning about classroom response system; and the suggestion of five new categories of teacher actions and enrichments of two existing categories in the redirecting, progressing and focusing framework. In the kappa of this thesis, these results are merged and discussed in relation to theories of ambitious mathematics instruction. The focus is on examining whether and how classroom response systems and multiple-choice tasks can support teachers in establishing this instruction. In summary, the main contributions of this thesis are: a tool for constructing multiple-choice tasks aimed at generating productive discussions in mathematics; an examination of analytical tools for analyzing teachers’ leading of whole-class discussions and technology integration; and suggestions for the development of these tools.
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| 14. |
- Gustafsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Markers of imminent myocardial infarction
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Cardiovascular Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2731-0590.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally but is notoriously difficult to predict. We aimed to identify biomarkers of an imminent first myocardial infarction and design relevant prediction models. Here, we constructed a new case–cohort consortium of 2,018 persons without prior cardiovascular disease from six European cohorts, among whom 420 developed a first myocardial infarction within 6 months after the baseline blood draw. We analyzed 817 proteins and 1,025 metabolites in biobanked blood and 16 clinical variables. Forty-eight proteins, 43 metabolites, age, sex and systolic blood pressure were associated with the risk of an imminent first myocardial infarction. Brain natriuretic peptide was most consistently associated with the risk of imminent myocardial infarction. Using clinically readily available variables, we devised a prediction model for an imminent first myocardial infarction for clinical use in the general population, with good discriminatory performance and potential for motivating primary prevention efforts.
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| 15. |
- Hasslöf, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term exposure to air pollution and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in the Malmö diet and cancer cohort.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0953 .- 0013-9351. ; 191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms are not fully known. Current evidence suggests that air pollution exposure contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. There are few studies investigating associations between air pollution and carotid plaques, a well-known precursor of cardiovascular disease.A Swedish population-based cohort (aged 45-64yearsat recruitment) was randomly selected from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study between 1991 and 1994, of which 6103 participants underwent ultrasound examination of the right carotid artery to determine carotid plaque presence and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). Participants were assigned individual residential air pollution exposure (source-specific PM2.5, PM10, NOx, BC) at recruitment from Gaussian dispersion models. Logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders and cardiovascular risk factors, were used to investigate associations between air pollutants and prevalence of carotid plaques, and CIMT, respectively.The prevalence of carotid plaques was 35%. The mean levels of PM2.5 and PM10 at recruitment were 11 and 14μg/m3, most of which was due to long range transport. The exposure contrast within the cohort was relatively low. PM2.5 exposure was associated with carotid plaques in a model including age and sex only (OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.01-1.20) per 1μg/m3), but after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic status (SES) the association was weak and not significant (OR 1.05 (95% CI 0.96-1.16) per 1μg/m3). The pattern was similar for PM10 and NOx exposure. Associations between air pollutants and plaques were slightly stronger for long-term residents and in younger participants with hypertension. There was no clear linear trend between air pollution exposure and plaque prevalence. Non-significant slightly positive associations were seen between air pollution exposures and CIMT.In this large, well-controlled cross-sectional study at low exposure levels we found no significant associations between air pollution exposures and subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries, after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and SES. Further epidemiological studies of air pollution and intermediate outcomes are needed to explain the link between air pollution and cardiovascular events.
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| 16. |
- Helgesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Favorable Working Conditions Related to Health Behavior Among Nurses and Care Assistants in Sweden-A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyze the associations between favorable physical and psychosocial work factors and health behavior among healthcare employees (nurses and care assistants) with health complaints.Methods: The study was based on seven iterations (2001-2013) of a biennial Swedish work environment survey linked with data from public registers. In all, 7,180 healthcare employees, aged 16-64 years, who had reported health complaints, were included. Health behavior was operationalized through four combinations of sickness absence (SA) and sickness presence (SP): 'good health behavior' (Low SP/Low SA), 'recovery behavior' (Low SP/High SA), 'risk behavior' (High SP/Low SA), and 'poor health behavior' (High SP/High SA). Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, those who rarely worked in strenuous postures had an increased probability of having 'good health behavior' (OR range: nurses 1.72-2.02; care assistants 1.46-1.75). Those who rarely experienced high job demands had increased odds for having 'good health behavior' (OR: nurses 1.81; OR range: care assistants 1.67-2.13), while having good job control was found to be related to 'good health behavior' only among care assistants (OR range 1.30-1.68). In the full model, after also considering differences in health, none of the work environment indicators affected 'good health behavior' among nursing professionals. Among care assistants, rarely having heavy physical work and having low psychosocial demands remained significantly associated with 'good health behavior' (OR range: 1.24-1.58) and 'recovery behavior' (OR range: 1.33-1.70). No associations were found between favorable work environment factors and 'risk behavior' among the two groups of employees. However, positive assessments of the work situation were associated with 'good health behavior,' even after controlling for all confounders for both groups (OR range: 1.43-2.69).Conclusions: 'Good health behavior' and 'recovery behavior' among care assistants were associated with favorable physical and psychosocial working conditions even when health was considered. This implies that reduced sickness presence and sickness absence among care assistants can be achieved through improved physical and psychosocial working conditions.
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| 17. |
- Helgesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction Effects of Physical and Psychosocial Working Conditions on Risk for Sickness Absence : A Prospective Study of Nurses and Care Assistants in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Employees in health and social care are often simultaneously exposed to both physical and psychosocial challenges that may increase their risk for sickness absence. The study examines interaction effects of physical and psychosocial work conditions on the future risk for sickness absence among nurses and care assistants in Sweden. The study was based on 14,372 participants in any of the Swedish Work Environment Surveys conducted during the years 1993-2013 with linked register information on background factors and compensated sickness absence. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR), stratified by occupation, and measures of additive interaction effects were estimated. The combinations of high psychosocial job demands and heavy physical work and strenuous postures, respectively, significantly increased the risks for sickness absence among nurses (HR 1.43; CI 1.09-1.88 and HR 1.42; CI 1.16-1.74, respectively), as well as among care assistants (HR 1.51; CI 1.36-1.67 and HR 1.49; CI 1.36-1.63, respectively). The combinations of low job control and both heavy physical work (HR 1.44; CI 1.30-1.60) and strenuous postures (HR 1.42; CI 1.30-1.56) were also associated with excess risk for sickness absence among care assistants. We also found interaction effects among care assistants but not among nurses. The results indicate that the high sickness absence rate among care workers in Sweden can be reduced if the simultaneous exposures of high psychosocial and high physical challenges are avoided. Management policies for reduced time pressure, improved lifting aids, and measures to avoid awkward work postures are recommended. For care assistants, increased influence over work arrangements is likely to lower their sickness absence risk.
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| 18. |
- Helgesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness Absence and Sickness Presence Among Health and Care Employees in Sweden-Health Complaints, Health Behavior, and Future Long-Term Sickness Absence
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 63:6, s. 514-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe if health complaints relate to health behavior in terms of sickness absence (SA) and sickness presence (SP) and to examine how complaints and health behavior predicts the risk for future long-term sickness absence (LTSA).Methods: Data originates from work environment surveys 2001 to 2013 and SA registers 2002 to 2016 of 1838 nurses, 7430 care assistants, and 40,515 individuals in all other occupations. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted.Results: Physical complaints and high SA in combination with high SP increased the risk of LTSA among nurses and care assistants. Nurses' high SP and care assistants' high SA elevated the LTSA risk.Conclusions: Strategies to reduce the reasons behind physical health complaints among health care workers are warranted. SP among nurses and SA among care assistants should be considered in the organization of their job demands.
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| 19. |
- Herrgårdh, Tilda, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid modelling for stroke care : Review and suggestions of new approaches for risk assessment and simulation of scenarios
- 2021
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 2213-1582. ; 31
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stroke is an example of a complex and multi-factorial disease involving multiple organs, timescales, and disease mechanisms. To deal with this complexity, and to realize Precision Medicine of stroke, mathematical models are needed. Such approaches include: 1) machine learning, 2) bioinformatic network models, and 3) mechanistic models. Since these three approaches have complementary strengths and weaknesses, a hybrid modelling approach combining them would be the most beneficial. However, no concrete approach ready to be implemented for a specific disease has been presented to date. In this paper, we both review the strengths and weaknesses of the three approaches, and propose a roadmap for hybrid modelling in the case of stroke care. We focus on two main tasks needed for the clinical setting: a) For stroke risk calculation, we propose a new two-step approach, where non-linear mixed effects models and bioinformatic network models yield biomarkers which are used as input to a machine learning model and b) For simulation of care scenarios, we propose a new four-step approach, which revolves around iterations between simulations of the mechanistic models and imputations of non-modelled or non-measured variables. We illustrate and discuss the different approaches in the context of Precision Medicine for stroke.
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| 20. |
- Jones, Daria, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of the CH/CD molecules through radiative association of C with H/D
- 2022
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 517:4, s. 4892-4901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reaction rate constants have been calculated for the formation of CH and CD molecules through radiative association of C and H/D atoms in their ground states. Quantum mechanical and semiclassical/classical methods were used to obtain the reaction cross-sections. Shape resonances and inverse pre-dissociation are accounted for with Breit-Wigner theory. The potential, permanent/transition dipole moment curves and experimental pre-dissociation widths are taken from the literature. The resulting reaction rate constants were fitted to the Kooij formula for use in astrochemical modelling. Our rate constant is 3.5 x 10(-17) cm(3) s(-1) at 100 K and it peaks at 20 K, where it is 8.0 x 10(-17) cm(3) s(-1). These values are larger than what has been obtained in earlier studies but not large enough to account for the interstellar abundance of CH.
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| 21. |
- Kirvalidze, Mariam, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of integrated person-centered interventions for older people's care: Review of Swedish experiences and experts’ perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 295:6, s. 804-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older adults have multiple medical and social care needs, requiring a shift toward an integrated person-centered model of care. Our objective was to describe and summarize Swedish experiences of integrated person-centered care by reviewing studies published between 2000 and 2023, and to identify the main challenges and scientific gaps through expert discussions. Seventy-three publications were identified by searching MEDLINE and contacting experts. Interventions were categorized using two World Health Organization frameworks: (1) Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE), and (2) Integrated People-Centered Health Services (IPCHS). The included 73 publications were derived from 31 unique and heterogeneous interventions pertaining mainly to the micro- and meso-levels. Among publications measuring mortality, 15% were effective. Subjective health outcomes showed improvement in 24% of publications, morbidity outcomes in 42%, disability outcomes in 48%, and service utilization outcomes in 58%. Workshop discussions in Stockholm (Sweden), March 2023, were recorded, transcribed, and summarized. Experts emphasized: (1) lack of rigorous evaluation methods, (2) need for participatory designs, (3) scarcity of macro-level interventions, and (4) importance of transitioning from person- to people-centered integrated care. These challenges could explain the unexpected weak beneficial effects of the interventions on health outcomes, whereas service utilization outcomes were more positively impacted. Finally, we derived a list of recommendations, including the need to engage care organizations in interventions from their inception and to leverage researchers’ scientific expertise. Although this review provides a comprehensive snapshot of interventions in the context of Sweden, the findings offer transferable perspectives on the real-world challenges encountered in this field.
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| 22. |
- Larsson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Transplantation of autologous cells and porous gelatin microcarriers to promote wound healing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 47:3, s. 601-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Definitive treatment to achieve wound healing in major burns frequently include skin transplantation, where split-thickness skin grafts is considered gold standard. This method is associated with several drawbacks. To overcome these hurdles, efforts have been made to develop tissue engineered skin substitutes, often comprised of a combination of cells and biomaterials. In the present study, we aimed to investigate transplantation of autologous keratinocytes and fibroblasts seeded on porous gelatin microcarriers using a porcine wound model. Pre-seeded microcarriers were transplanted to a total of 168 surgical full-thickness wounds (2 cm diameter) on eight adult female pigs and covered with occlusive dressings. The experimental groups included wounds transplanted with microcarriers seeded with the combination of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, microcarriers seeded with each cell type individually, microcarriers without cells, each cell type in suspension, and NaCl control. Wounds were allowed to heal for one, two, four or eight weeks before being excised and fixated for subsequent histological and immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, we confirmed that viable cells populate the surface and the pores of the microcarriers. In vivo, the microcarriers were to a large extent degraded after two weeks. After one week, all treatment groups, with the exception of microcarriers alone, displayed significantly thicker neo-epidermis compared to controls. After two weeks, wounds transplanted with microcarriers seeded with cells displayed significantly thicker neo-epidermis compared to controls. After four weeks there was no difference in the thickness of neo-epidermis. In conclusion, the experiments performed illustrate that autologous cells seeded on porous gelatin microcarriers stimulates the re-epithelialization of wounds. This method could be a promising candidate for skin transplantation. Future studies will focus on additional outcome parameters to evaluate long-term quality of healing following transplantation. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 23. |
- Lövfors, William, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive mechanistic model of adipocyte signaling with layers of confidence
- 2023
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Ingår i: npj Systems Biology and Applications. - : Springer Nature. - 2056-7189. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adipocyte signaling, normally and in type 2 diabetes, is far from fully understood. We have earlier developed detailed dynamic mathematical models for several well-studied, partially overlapping, signaling pathways in adipocytes. Still, these models only cover a fraction of the total cellular response. For a broader coverage of the response, large-scale phosphoproteomic data and systems level knowledge on protein interactions are key. However, methods to combine detailed dynamic models with large-scale data, using information about the confidence of included interactions, are lacking. We have developed a method to first establish a core model by connecting existing models of adipocyte cellular signaling for: (1) lipolysis and fatty acid release, (2) glucose uptake, and (3) the release of adiponectin. Next, we use publicly available phosphoproteome data for the insulin response in adipocytes together with prior knowledge on protein interactions, to identify phosphosites downstream of the core model. In a parallel pairwise approach with low computation time, we test whether identified phosphosites can be added to the model. We iteratively collect accepted additions into layers and continue the search for phosphosites downstream of these added layers. For the first 30 layers with the highest confidence (311 added phosphosites), the model predicts independent data well (70–90% correct), and the predictive capability gradually decreases when we add layers of decreasing confidence. In total, 57 layers (3059 phosphosites) can be added to the model with predictive ability kept. Finally, our large-scale, layered model enables dynamic simulations of systems-wide alterations in adipocytes in type 2 diabetes.
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| 24. |
- Maffi, P., et al.
(författare)
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Targeting CXCR1/2 Does Not Improve Insulin Secretion After Pancreatic Islet Transplantation: A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Type 1 Diabetes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 43:4, s. 710-718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Reparixin is an inhibitor of CXCR1/2 chemokine receptor shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory adjuvant in a pilot clinical trial in allotransplant recipients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-assignment study () was conducted in recipients of islet allotransplants randomized (2:1) to reparixin or placebo in addition to immunosuppression. Primary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC) for C-peptide during the mixed-meal tolerance test at day 75 +/- 5 after the first and day 365 +/- 14 after the last transplant. Secondary end points included insulin independence and standard measures of glycemic control. RESULTS The intention-to-treat analysis did not show a significant difference in C-peptide AUC at both day 75 (27 on reparixin vs. 18 on placebo, P = 0.99) and day 365 (24 on reparixin vs. 15 on placebo, P = 0.71). There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups at any time point for any secondary variable. Analysis of patient subsets showed a trend for a higher percentage of subjects retaining insulin independence for 1 year after a single islet infusion in patients receiving reparixin as compared with patients receiving placebo (26.7% vs. 0%, P = 0.09) when antithymocyte globulin was used as induction immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS In this first double-blind randomized trial, islet transplantation data obtained with reparixin do not support a role of CXCR1/2 inhibition in preventing islet inflammation-mediated damage.
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| 25. |
- Marklund, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Reasons for presenteeism in different occupational branches in Sweden : a population based cross-sectional study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 94, s. 1385-1395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To compare the prevalence and reasons for presenteeism in occupations in three branches defined as employees handling people, handling things or handling symbols.Method A cross-sectional population-based cohort study was conducted. The study group was drawn from a representative sample (n = 6230) aged 16-64, who had been interviewed in 2015 or in 2017 for the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (SWES). The odds ratios (ORs) stratified by occupational category for reasons of presenteeism, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were estimated using binomial multiple logistic regression analysis.Results The study showed that presenteeism was more common among employees handling people (74%), when compared to employees handling things (65%) or handling symbols (70%). The most common reason for presenteeism among employees handling people was I do not want to burden my colleagues, while Because nobody else can carry out my responsibilities was most common in the other two categories. After control for socio-demography, work environments and health, the differences in reasons mostly remained significant between the three occupational categories.Conclusion The differences between occupational categories are important for prevalence and reasons for presenteeism. As presenteeism affects the future health of employees and the productivity of the work unit, attempts to reduce presenteeism may be important. Because the reasons vary between occupations, customized preventive measures should be applied in different occupational settings. Among employees handling people, covering up for absence in work team is relevant, while among employees handling symbols and handling things the corresponding focus could be on shared responsibilities for specific tasks.
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| 26. |
- Olstrup, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Long-Term Mortality Effects Associated with Exposure to Particles and NOx in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: Toxics. - : MDPI. - 2305-6304. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the long-term mortality effects associated with exposure to PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 10 µm), PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 µm), BC (black carbon), and NOx (nitrogen oxides) were analyzed in a cohort in southern Sweden during the period from 1991 to 2016. Participants (those residing in Malmö, Sweden, born between 1923 and 1950) were randomly recruited from 1991 to 1996. At enrollment, 30,438 participants underwent a health screening, which consisted of questionnaires about lifestyle and diet, a clinical examination, and blood sampling. Mortality data were retrieved from the Swedish National Cause of Death Register. The modeled concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, BC, and NOx at the cohort participants’ home addresses were used to assess air pollution exposure. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the associations between long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, BC, and NOx and the time until death among the participants during the period from 1991 to 2016. The hazard ratios (HRs) associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in each air pollutant were calculated based on the exposure lag windows of the same year (lag0), 1–5 years (lag1–5), and 6–10 years (lag6–10). Three models were used with varying adjustments for possible confounders including both single-pollutant estimates and two-pollutant estimates. With adjustments for all covariates, the HRs for PM10, PM2.5, BC, and NOx in the single-pollutant models at lag1–5 were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02–1.11), 1.01 (95% CI: 0.95–1.08), 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04–1.11), and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07–1.16) per IQR increase, respectively. The HRs, in most cases, decreased with the inclusion of a larger number of covariates in the models. The most robust associations were shown for NOx, with statistically significant positive HRs in all the models. An overall conclusion is that road traffic-related pollutants had a significant association with mortality in the cohort.
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| 27. |
- Pyko, Andrei, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Exposure to Transportation Noise and Ischemic Heart Disease: A Pooled Analysis of Nine Scandinavian Cohorts.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 131:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transportation noise may induce cardiovascular disease, but the public health implications are unclear.The study aimed to assess exposure-response relationships for different transportation noise sources and ischemic heart disease (IHD), including subtypes.Pooled analyses were performed of nine cohorts from Denmark and Sweden, together including 132,801 subjects. Time-weighted long-term exposure to road, railway, and aircraft noise, as well as air pollution, was estimated based on residential histories. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models following adjustment for lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors.A total of 22,459 incident cases of IHD were identified during follow-up from national patient and mortality registers, including 7,682 cases of myocardial infarction. The adjusted HR for IHD was 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 1.05] per 10 dB Lden for both road and railway noise exposure during 5 y prior to the event. Higher risks were indicated for IHD excluding angina pectoris cases, with HRs of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.08) and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.08) per 10 dB Lden for road and railway noise, respectively. Corresponding HRs for myocardial infarction were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.05) and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.08). Increased risks were observed for aircraft noise but without clear exposure-response relations. A threshold at around 55 dB Lden was suggested in the exposure-response relation for road traffic noise and IHD.Exposure to road, railway, and aircraft noise in the prior 5 y was associated with an increased risk of IHD, particularly after exclusion of angina pectoris cases, which are less well identified in the registries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10745.
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| 28. |
- Simonsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A unified framework for prediction of liver steatosis dynamics in response to different diet and drug interventions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 43:6, s. 1532-1543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disorder, characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver, and is a driving factor for various severe liver diseases. These multi -factorial and multi-timescale changes are observed in different clinical studies, but these studies have not been integrated into a uni fied framework. In this study, we aim to present such a uni fied framework in the form of a dynamic mathematical model. Methods: For model training and validation, we collected data for dietary or drug -induced interventions aimed at reducing or increasing liver fat. The model was formulated using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and the mathematical analysis, model simulation, model formulation and the model parameter estimation were all performed in MATLAB. Results: Our mathematical model describes accumulation of fat in the liver and predicts changes in lipid fluxes induced by both dietary and drug interventions. The model is validated using data from a wide range of drug and dietary intervention studies and can predict both short-term (days) and long-term (weeks) changes in liver fat. Importantly, the model computes the contribution of each individual lipid flux to the total liver fat dynamics. Furthermore, the model can be combined with an established bodyweight model, to simulate even longer scenarios (years), also including the effects of insulin resistance and body weight. To help prepare for corresponding eHealth applications, we also present a way to visualize the simulated changes, using dynamically changing lipid droplets, seen in images of liver biopsies. Conclusion: In conclusion, we believe that the minimal model presented herein might be a useful tool for future applications, and to further integrate and understand data regarding changes in dietary and drug induced changes in ectopic TAG in the liver. With further development and validation, the minimal model could be used as a disease progression model for steatosis. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Xu, Yiyi, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and risk of chronic kidney disease—findings from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Associations between air pollution and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported, but studies at low exposure levels and relevant exposure time windows are still warranted. This study investigated clinical CKD at low air pollution levels in the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort in different exposure time windows. Methods: This study included 30,396 individuals, aged 45–74 at enrollment 1991–1996. Individual annual average residential outdoor PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and black carbon (BC) were assigned using dispersion models from enrollment to 2016. Diagnoses of incident CKD were retrieved from national registries. Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) for CKD in relation to three time-dependent exposure time windows: exposure at concurrent year (lag 0), mean exposure in the 1–5 or 6–10 preceding years (lag 1–5 and lag 6–10), and baseline exposure. Results: During the study period, the average annual residential exposures were 16 μg/m3 for PM10, 11 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 26 μg/m3 for NOx, and 0.97 μg/m3 for BC. For lag 1–5 and lag 6–10 exposure, significantly elevated HRs for incident CKD were found for total PM10:1.13 (95% CI: 1.01–1.26) and 1.22 (1.06–1.41); NOx: 1.19 (1.07–1.33) and 1.13 (1.02–1.25) and BC: 1.12 (1.03–1.22) and 1.11 (1.02–1.21) per interquartile range increase in exposure. For total PM2.5 the positive associations of 1.12 (0.97–1.31) and 1.16 (0.98–1.36) were not significant. For baseline or lag 0 exposure there were significant associations only for NOx and BC, not for PM. Conclusion: Residential exposure to outdoor air pollution was associated with increased risk of incident CKD at relatively low exposure levels. Average long-term exposure was more clearly associated with CKD than current exposure or exposure at recruitment. Our findings imply that the health effects of low-level air pollution on CKD are considerable. © 2022
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| 31. |
- Zámečníková, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of CO+ by radiative association II
- 2020
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 492:3, s. 3794-3802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiative association of an oxygen atom with a carbon cation is investigated using quantal and semiclassical methods. The total rate coefficient for spontaneous radiative association of O(2s22p4, 3P) with C+(2s22p, 2P) on the doublet manifold is determined from the corresponding cross-sections. The cross-sections for the 12 Σ - → A2 II, 22 Σ - → A2II, and C2 Δ → A2II continuum-bound processes are calculated either semiclassically, in combination with the Breit-Wigner approach, or fully quantum mechanically. In the temperature range 10-10 000 K, our recommended total rate coefficient, obtained from these calculations and the data of Zámecniková et al. (2019), slowly increases from 7.5 × 10-18 cm3s-1 to 2.1 × 10-17 cm3s-1. Corresponding aspects of the CO+ and CO formations in SN 1987A are discussed
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