| 1. |
- Nordström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate SOX11 expression in lymphoid and solid cancer cells.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 15:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neural transcription factor SOX11 is present at specific stages during embryo development with a very restricted expression in adult tissue, indicating precise regulation of transcription. SOX11 is strongly up-regulated in some malignancies and have a functional role in tumorgenesis. With the aim to explore differences in epigenetic regulation of SOX11 expression in normal versus neoplastic cells, we investigated methylation and histone modifications related to the SOX11 promoter and the possibility to induce re-expression using histone deacetylase (HDAC) or EZH2 inhibitors.
|
|
| 2. |
- Chorell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Pregnancy to postpartum transition of serum metabolites in women with gestational diabetes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 72, s. 27-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Gestational diabetes is commonly linked to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is a need to characterize metabolic changes associated with gestational diabetes in order to find novel biomarkers for T2DM. Objective. To find potential pathophysiological mechanisms and markers for progression from gestational diabetes mellitus to T2DM by studying the metabolic transition from pregnancy to postpartum. Design. The metabolic transition profile from pregnancy to postpartum was characterized in 56 women by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics; 11 women had gestational diabetes mellitus, 24 had normal glucose tolerance, and 21 were normoglycaemic but at increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Fasting serum samples collected during trimester 3 (gestational week 32 +/- 0.6) and postpartum (10.5 +/- 0.4 months) were compared in diagnosis-specific multivariate models (orthogonal partial least squares analysis). Clinical measurements (e.g., insulin, glucose, lipid levels) were compared and models of insulin sensitivity and resistance were calculated for the same time period. Results. Women with gestational diabetes had significantly increased postpartum levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, and their circulating lipids did not return to normal levels after pregnancy. The increase in BCAAs occurred postpartum since the BCAAs did not differ during pregnancy, as compared to normoglycemic women. Conclusions. Postpartum levels of specific BCAAs, notably valine, are related to gestational diabetes during pregnancy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Edlund, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
The room temperature crystal structure of a bacterial phytochrome determined by serial femtosecond crystallography
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptors that control light responses of plants, fungi and bacteria. A sequence of structural changes, which is not yet fully understood, leads to activation of an output domain. Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) can potentially shine light on these conformational changes. Here we report the room temperature crystal structure of the chromophore-binding domains of the Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome at 2.1 angstrom resolution. The structure was obtained by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography from microcrystals at an X-ray free electron laser. We find overall good agreement compared to a crystal structure at 1.35 angstrom resolution derived from conventional crystallography at cryogenic temperatures, which we also report here. The thioether linkage between chromophore and protein is subject to positional ambiguity at the synchrotron, but is fully resolved with SFX. The study paves the way for time-resolved structural investigations of the phytochrome photocycle with time-resolved SFX.
|
|
| 4. |
- Elovaara, Pirjo, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender Budgeting, Human Resources, Organisational Culture -Development of Methods
- 2015
-
Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- GENISLAB, is a four year project (2011 - 2014) within the 7th Framework Programme for research and technology. The aim of the project is to promote organizational change in six European scientific organizations. Each partner develops its own Tailored Action Plan based on three dimensions, Gender Budgeting, Human Resources (HR) Management and Gender and Organisational Culture and Stereotypes. This report presents results of quantitative and qualitative data on Gender Budgeting and HR management as well as comments on organizational culture.
|
|
| 5. |
- Frögéli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
A randomized controlled pilot trial of acceptance and commitment training (ACT) for preventing stress-related ill health among future nurses.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Anxiety, Stress, and Coping. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1061-5806 .- 1477-2205. ; 29:2, s. 202-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Levels of stress and burnout increase during nursing education. This development has consequences for nursing students' health, learning, competence, and interest in quality issues in health care.DESIGN: In a randomized controlled pilot trial with a sample of 113 nursing students the effect of an intervention using techniques from acceptance and commitment training (ACT) to prevent the development of stress and burnout was evaluated.METHOD: The 6 × 2-hour program was compared to standard treatment (reflection seminars) post-intervention and at a three-month follow-up using longitudinal analysis of mean response profiles. Mechanisms of change were investigated using a baseline-post intervention two-mediator model.RESULTS: The intervention resulted in increased mindful awareness and decreased experiential avoidance, as well as decreased perceived stress and burnout. Levels of mindful awareness and perceived stress were sustained at follow-up. The proposed mechanisms of change were partly supported by the data.CONCLUSION: This study shows that techniques from ACT might have the potential to contribute to preventing the development of stress and burnout during nursing education. However, additional studies are needed to validate these results.
|
|
| 6. |
- Frögéli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Preventing stress-related ill health among newly registered nurses by supporting engagement in proactive behaviors : development and feasibility testing of a behavior change intervention.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5784. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Transitioning into a new professional role is a stressful experience with consequences for mental and physical health, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover. New registered nurses seem to be at particular risk of developing stress-related ill health during their first years in the profession. Previous research indicates that engagement in proactive behaviors may reduce this risk.Methods: With the work presented in this paper, we aimed to test the feasibility of conducting an evaluation of the effect of a behavior change intervention to prevent stress-related ill health among new registered nurses by supporting their engagement in proactive behaviors. Feasibility objectives included recruitment, randomization, data collection and analysis, participation, acceptability, and deliverability.We tested the feasibility of evaluating the effect of the intervention as part of a transition-to-practice program for new registered nurses using a non-randomized design with one condition. The trial included a sample of 65 new registered nurses who had been working for 6 months or less.Results: The feasibility of conducting a full-scale effect evaluation was confirmed for recruitment, data collection and analysis, participation, and acceptability. It was not possible to randomize participants, but analyses of between-group differences revealed no selection bias. The time of the intervention will need to be extended to ensure the deliverability.Conclusion: With some adjustments in the study design, it is feasible to evaluate the effect of a behavior change intervention to support new registered nurses' engagement in proactive behaviors during their transition into the new profession as part of a transition-to-practice program for new nurses.
|
|
| 7. |
- Frögéli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship between task mastery, role clarity, social acceptance, and stress : An intensive longitudinal study with a sample of newly registered nurses.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 91, s. 60-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Transitioning into a new professional role is challenging. Unfortunately, little is currently known about how to reduce experiences of stress among new professionals. The socialization processes role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance are assumed to reduce experiences of stress as they mediate new professionals' acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. However, little prospective data is available on the actual effect of the processes on stress.OBJECTIVES: To prospectively investigate how the socialization processes relate to experiences of stress among new nurses during the first three months of professional working life. Specifically, to investigate development over time, as well as how episodes of increased or decreased levels of the socialization processes relate to concurrent levels of stress. The general purpose of this investigation was to examine the suitability of the socialization processes as targets of an intervention seeking to reduce stress among new professionals.DESIGN: An intensive longitudinal study with weekly data collections over three months.PARTICIPANTS: 264 newly graduated Swedish nurses who started their first job during the period of the study.METHODS: The participants were followed prospectively during 14 consecutive weeks after their professional entry. Data on stress (Stress and Energy Questionnaire), role clarity (General Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work), task mastery, and social acceptance (Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale) were collected weekly using digital surveys (mean response rate 82.7%). Data was analyzed using a multilevel model for intensive longitudinal data.RESULTS: For the typical nurse, stress decreased by 0.13 units per month, role clarity and task mastery increased by 0.08 and 0.05 units, and social acceptance decreased by 0.08 units. In addition, the slopes of 95 percent of the new nurses varied within 1.18 (stress), 0.72 (role clarity), 0.44 (task mastery), and 0.86 (social acceptance) units of the typical nurse. Most importantly, when the new nurses experienced higher levels of task mastery, role clarity, and social acceptance, they experienced lower levels of stress (within-person parameter estimates: task mastery -0.40, p = .001; role clarity -0.34, p = .001; and social acceptance -0.33, p = .001).CONCLUSIONS: Supporting the development of the socialization processes could be one theoretically based strategy to reduce levels of stress among new nurses. As stress among new professionals is not unique to the nursing profession, and the processes are considered important mediators of new professionals' adaptation in general, the results from this study should likely be generalizable to other professions.
|
|
| 8. |
- Frögli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Problems with task mastery, social acceptance, and role clarity explain nurses' symptoms of burnout during the first professional years : A longitudinal study.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 62:4, s. 573-584
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Symptoms of burnout among new professionals is a well-recognized problem but there is a lack of prevention programs. Effective interventions are based on an understanding of the processes that contribute to the development of a problem and suggest how it may be addressed.OBJECTIVE: Using the framework of organizational socialization, the objective of this study was to investigate if development of the socialization processes role clarity, social acceptance, and task mastery affects development of symptoms of burnout among new professionals and may specifically be targeted in transition-to-practice programs to prevent symptoms of burnout from occurring. We conducted this investigation by examining the relations between role clarity, social acceptance, task mastery, and symptoms of burnout the first year after professional entry, as well as the relations between changes in the socialization processes and changes in symptoms of burnout during the first three years following professional entry in a sample of new nurses.METHOD: Relationships between the socialization processes and symptoms of burnout were modeled using a linear latent growth model and data from a nationally representative sample of 1210 new registered nurses.RESULTS: Role clarity, social acceptance, and task mastery were related to symptoms of burnout cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Task mastery was the most important explanatory variable.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that an intervention designed to support the development of the socialization processes may be effective in preventing symptoms of burnout among new nurses. Interventions targeting role clarity, social acceptance, and task mastery during the first professional year may be expected to have effects during the following years as well, extending the value and importance of such interventions.
|
|
| 9. |
- Gustavsson, Catharina, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
General practitioners' use of sickness certification guidelines in Sweden at introduction and four years later : a survey study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1353-4505 .- 1464-3677. ; 30:6, s. 429-436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: National sickness certification guidelines were introduced in Sweden in 2007, comprising both overarching and diagnoses-specific recommendations. This study aimed to investigate how general practitioners (GP) used and perceived the usefulness of these guidelines in the sickness certification process close after introduction and 4 years later. Design: Two nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 2008 and 2012. Setting: Swedish healthcare. Participants: Physicians working in primary healthcare and having sickness certification consultations at least a few times per year (n = 4214 in 2008, and n = 4067 in 2012). Main Outcome Measures: Frequency of use and perceived usefulness of the sickness certification guidelines. Results: Most GPs used the guidelines at least a few times per year (in 2008 74.6%; in 2012 85.2%). In 2008, 44.1% reported a need to develop competence in using the guidelines, compared with 23.3% in 2012. Of those using the guidelines, 36.7% in 2008 and 44.6% in 2012 reported it problematic to write sickness certificates in accordance with the guidelines. Most GPs (89.2% in 2008 and 88.8% in 2012) valued the guidelines beneficial to ensure quality in sickness certification consultations. A larger proportion in 2012 compared with 2008 reported that the guidelines facilitated contacts with patients (61.2%, respectively, 55.6%), as well as with other stakeholders. Conclusions: The guidelines were perceived as useful and beneficial to ensure high quality in sickness certification consultations, and facilitated contacts with patients as well as other stakeholders. In 2012, still one-fourth reported a need to develop more competence in using the sickness certification guidelines.
|
|
| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
-
Obstetricians/Gynecologists' Problems in Sickness Certification Consultations : Two Nationwide Surveys.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Obstetrics and Gynecology International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9589 .- 1687-9597. ; 2016
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although O/Gs perceived sickness certification as problematic, there was less perceived severity of problems in 2012 compared to 2008, possibly because interventions regarding sickness certification have been introduced in Sweden recent years. Still, more organizational support, for example, time and supervision, are needed to enhance O/Gs' sickness certification practices.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hansson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Näringsbelastningen på Östersjön och Västerhavet 2017 : Sveriges underlag till HELCOM:s sjunde Pollution Load Compilation
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havs- och vattenmyndigheten har gett SMED i uppdrag att genomföra beräkningar av kväve- och fosforbelastning från olika källor för år 2017 till sjöar, vattendrag och havet för hela Sverige. Syftet är att ge underlag till Sveriges rapportering till HELCOM PLC7 samt till vattenförvaltningens arbete i Sverige. Denna rapport, tillsammans med underlagsrapporter, redovisar resultat, underlagsdata, och beräkningsmetoder på detaljnivå för att uppnå transparens och spårbarhet samt för att möjliggöra vidareanvändning i arbetet inom svensk vattenförvaltning.Beräkningarna genomfördes i så stor utsträckning som möjligt med den metodiken som togs fram inom föregående projekt (PLC6). Arbetet innebär att stora mängder data har bearbetats och beräknats för att ge heltäckande information för hela Sverige fördelat på cirka 24 500 vattenförekomstområden. Resultaten är tillgängliga för alla via webbverktyget Tekniskt Beräkningssystem Vatten (TBV, tbv.smhi.se). Resultaten presenteras som brutto- samt nettobelastning för varje näringskälla, fördelat på total, antropogen och bakgrundsbelastning. Bruttobelastning är den mängd näringsämnen som släpps ut vid källan till ett vattendrag eller sjö. Nettobelastning är den del av bruttobelastningen som når havet. Skillnaden mellan brutto- och nettobelastningen benämns retention. Jordbruks- och skogsmark är de två största källorna till den totala belastningen på havet (nettobelastning) för både kväve och fosfor, med 33 400 respektive 31 670 ton/år kväve, samt 1 010 respektive 870 ton/år fosfor år 2017. Tillsammans står dessa källor för cirka 60 % av den totala belastningen. Av den antropogena belastningen står jordbruket för den största andelen (19 470 ton/år kväve samt 710 ton/år fosfor), följt av utsläpp från avloppsreningsverk (14 050 ton/år kväve samt 230 ton/år fosfor). Belastningen från skogsmark ingår enbart i bakgrund och den antropogena belastningen från hyggen bidrar endast med 1 540 ton/år kväve och 20 ton/år fosfor.Bottenhavet, Egentliga Östersjön och Kattegatt är de bassänger som tar emot mest kväve av Sveriges totala belastning på havet (28 560 ton/år, 26 150 ton/år respektive 27 700 ton/år, vilket motsvarar cirka 25 % vardera). I Bottenhavet är dock en stor del av belastningen naturlig bakgrundsbelastning. Egentliga Östersjön och Kattegatt tar emot mest av Sveriges antropogena belastning av kväve, 30 % respektive 31 %. I jämförelse mellan vilka havsbassänger som är mest belastade av fosfor, så är det Bottenhavet som tar emot mest (1 040 ton/år eller 32 % av den totala belastningen). Strax under en fjärdedel av Sveriges totala belastning på havet, rinner till Egentliga Östersjön (790 ton/år) och omkring en femtedel belastar Bottenviken och Kattegatt (640 respektive 620 ton/år). Aktionsplanen för Östersjön (Baltic Sea Action Plan, BSAP) anger utsläppsmål för alla länder kring Östersjön, med syfte att nå ”God miljöstatus” i Östersjön och Kattegatt. För fosfor är målet uppnått i alla bassänger utom Egentliga Östersjön, där det är ett utmanande mål och det kommer att bli mycket svårt att minska fosforbelastningen under belastningstaket (308 ton/år). Det krävs omfattande åtgärder av de antropogena källorna, men dessutom så utgör bakgrundsbelastningen en betydande del av den totala belastningen. Total nettobelastning av fosfor till Egentliga Östersjön är 790 ton enligt dessa beräkningar, varav 230 ton är beräknat som bakgrundsbelastning. För att Egentliga Östersjön ska kunna uppnå god miljöstatus med avseende på övergödning kommer det även att behövas åtgärder i Östersjöns andra delbassänger. På grund av skillnader i metoder och indata, är det inte möjligt att direkt jämföra hur belastningen från diffusa källor har ändrats sedan PLC6 (2014). En metodikskillnad som särskilt bör noteras är beräkningen av bakgrundsbelastningen av fosfor från jordbruksmark. Beräkningsmetoden för bakgrunden har utvecklats mellan olika PLC-beräkningar, vilket också lett till starkt skiftande resultat för bakgrundsbelastningen. I PLC6-beräkningen blev bakgrundsbelastningen hög eftersom en förändring i modellen visade sig ha gett en förmodad alltför stor förlust av partikulärt fosfor. Detta har korrigerats i den senaste modellversionen (PLC6.5 och PLC7) vilket är en av anledningarna till att bakgrundsbelastningen är lägre i PLC7 än i PLC6. Det är dock viktigt att notera att bakgrundsberäkningen alltid kommer att vara osäker eftersom den dels i mycket stor utsträckning bygger på antaganden och eftersom det dels saknas mätdata för att jämföra beräkningsresultaten med.För att resultaten för de diffusa källorna ska vara jämförbara mellan åren krävs att det görs en omräkning, antingen med gamla PLC-data och med den nya metoden eller med nya data och med den gamla metoden. En sådan omräkning kan bringa klarhet i hur mycket av skillnaden i resultaten som beror av förfinade indata eller förbättrade metoder och hur mycket som beror på implementerade åtgärder för att minska belastningen. Belastningen från punktkällorna beräknas på samma sätt som i PLC6. Utsläppen till havet i PLC 7 (2017) från avloppsreningsverk är ungefär i samma storleksordning som i PLC 6 (år 2014) 230 respektive 240 ton fosfor samt 14 000 ton kväve (netto). Industrier har minskat sin belastning på havet och svarar 2017 för 210 ton fosfor samt 3 320 ton kväve, jämfört med 250 fosfor och 3 800 ton kväve år 2014.
|
|
| 12. |
- Ljungquist, Therese, et al.
(författare)
-
Problems with sickness certification tasks : experiences from physicians in different clinical settings. A cross-sectional nationwide study in Sweden.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many physicians find sickness certification of patients problematic. The aims were to explore problems that physicians in different clinical settings experience with sickness certification tasks in general and with assessment of function, work capacity, and need for sick leave, as well as handling of sick-leave spells of different durations.METHODS: Data from a questionnaire sent to 33,144 physicians aged <68 years, living and working in Sweden in 2012 were analysed. The response rate was 57.6%. The study group comprised the 12,933 responders who had sickness certification tasks. Frequencies and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for questions concerning how problematic the physicians experienced different assessments related to patients' function, work capacity, and need for sick leave, as well as handling sick-leave spells of different durations.RESULTS: There were large differences between clinical settings regarding how often and to what extent sickness certification consultations were perceived as problematic. Physicians working in primary health care (PHC) had the highest proportions experiencing sickness certification consultations as problematic at least once a week (49.5%) and as very or fairly problematic (56.6%), followed by physicians working in psychiatry, pain management, or orthopaedics. More than half of the responders found it very or fairly problematic to assess patients' work capacity (57.8%), to make a long-term prognosis about patients' future work capacity (55.7%), and to handle long-term or very long-term sickness certifications (51.9% and 51.8%). The proportions were highest among physicians working in PHC, rheumatology, neurology, or psychiatry.CONCLUSIONS: The rates of physicians finding sickness certification task problematic varied much with clinical setting, and were highest among physicians in PHC. More knowledge is needed about the work conditions and prerequisites for optimal handling of sickness certification in different clinical settings.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Norström, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Micro-fossil analysis of Mesolithic human dental calculus, Motala, Sweden - Indications of health status and paleo-diet
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analysed microfossil remains in human dental calculus sampled from an individual of the Mesolithic burials at Strandvägen, Motala, central Sweden. The analysis was targeted on phytoliths, diatoms and fungal spores. The composition of the phytolith assemblage suggests that plant micro-fossils found in the dental calculus partially stem from reeds of Phragmites. This suggests that the studied individual was consuming and/or manipulating reeds with his teeth. Spherical fungal spores were abundant in the calculus, possibly indicating weak health status, although it cannot be excluded that they originate from natural long-term accumulations. The diatom composition in the dental calculus was dominated by Cyclotella distinguenda, a species which is strongly linked to waters of the nearby Lake Vättern. This suggests that the studied individual primarily used water, and/or aquatic flora/fauna, from Lake Vättern.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
