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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Blomstrand, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in amino acid concentration in plasma and type I and type II fibres during resistance exercise and recovery in human subjects.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Amino Acids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-4451 .- 1438-2199. ; 37:4, s. 629-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight male subjects performed leg press exercise, 4 x 10 repetitions at 80% of their maximum. Venous blood samples were taken before, during exercise and repeatedly during 2 h of recovery. From four subjects, biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle prior to, immediately after and following one and 2 h of recovery. Samples were freeze-dried, individual muscle fibres were dissected out and identified as type I or type II. Resistance exercise led to pronounced reductions in the glutamate concentration in both type I (32%) and type II fibres (70%). Alanine concentration was elevated 60-75% in both fibre types and 29% in plasma. Glutamine concentration remained unchanged after exercise; although 2 h later the concentrations in both types of fibres were reduced 30-35%. Two hours after exercise, the plasma levels of glutamate and six of the essential amino acids, including the branched-chain amino acids were reduced 5-30%. The data suggest that glutamate acts as an important intermediate in muscle energy metabolism during resistance exercise, especially in type II fibres.
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| 4. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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A (d)evolution of the cyberwoman?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Organization. - 1350-5084. ; 15:5, s. 665-683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we examine Donna Haraway's idea of a liberating potential of cyborgization in the light of popular culture products related to organized work. We consider two different takes on this issue: women as technology and technology as women, and we start with the successive versions of Stepford Wives (the novel, the 1975 movie and the 2004 movie), and continue by tracing the evolution of the character of a cyberwoman, from William Gibson's Neuromancer (1984) and Idoru (1996), to Trinity from the Matrix trilogy. We show that cyborgization does not automatically denote liberalization, and suggest that the much greater popularity of the Matrix films compared to the intellectual projects of William Gibson means that stereotypes and strong plots survive, finding ever new forms of expression. We end the paper by pointing out the relevance of popular culture models for work in contemporary homes and other workplaces.
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| 5. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Kvinnor som teknik eller Stepford wives då och nu
- 2005
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Ingår i: I: Mellström, Ulf (ed.) Kunskapens vägar och forskningens praktik. - Lund : Arkiv Förlag. - 9179241964 ; , s. 55-70
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Organisering kring hot och risk
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur hanteras blödarfeberviruset Marburg, hur förbereder man sig för ett eventuellt utbrott av fågelinfluensan, hur kalkylerar man hälsorisker i Europa och Sverige och hur hanterar man risk i samband med äventyrsturism? Vad har stormen Gudrun lärt oss om att hantera akuta situationer och hur skapar katastrofer som Tjörnbron handlingsföreträde i form av särskilda förutsättningar för organisering? Detta är några exempel på studier inkluderade i Organisering kring hot och risk. Boken tittar även närmare på hur man hanterar effekter av datorkriser, hur konst och vad betraktaren bedömer som hot kan bidra till skapande av handlingsnät samt hur tv-serien Kommissionen belyser det svenska beredningsarbetet. Författarna visar att karaktären av organisering kring hot och risk är beroende av tidpunkten: innan, under eller efter en katastrof eller en hotfull händelse. Beredningsarbetet består av resursmobilisering, att skissa planer, att bygga upp strukturer samt bygga eller mobilisera nätverk. När katastrofen väl inträffar visar det sig dock att även de bästa planer inte alltid fungerar som man vill och responsen på de faktiska händelserna består av improvisation samt av att bygga handlingskedjor och handlingsnät. Det finns inget recept på hur man skall organisera kring hot och risk men boken har identifierat ett återkommande problem: varje misslyckande verkar leda till slutsatsen att det behövs mer av planer och strukturer. Författarna hävdar motsatsen. Bokens budskap är att istället för att skapa oändliga planer och strukturer skall man öva lämpliga skickligheter och improvisationsförmåga. Boken vänder sig till studerande inom organisationsteori respektive riskhantering på universitet och högskola samt yrkesverksamma inom krisberedskap och riskhantering.
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| 7. |
- Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
The (d)evolution of the cyberwoman?
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this text, we examine Donna Haraway's idea of a liberating potential of cyborgization first in the subsequent versions of Stepford Wives (the novel, the 1975 movie, and the 2004 movie), and second in the evolution of the character of a cyberwoman, from the book, Do androids dream electric sheep? (1977), through its film version, Blade Runner (1983), to William Gibson's Neuromancer (1984) and Idoru (1996), ending with Trinity from Matrix trilogy. We show that cyborgization does not automatically denote liberalization; and suggest that the much greater popularity of Matrix films compared to the intellectual projects of William Gibson show that stereotypes and strong plots survive, finding ever new forms of expression. We end the paper pointing out the relevance of popular culture models for work in contemporary homes and other workplaces.
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| 8. |
- Ekström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Nanometer-thick films of titanium oxide acting as electrolyte in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 52:12, s. 4239-4245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 0–18 nm-thick titanium, zirconium and tantalum oxide films are thermally evaporated on Nafion 117 membranes, and used as thin spacer electrolyte layers between the Nafion and a 3 nm Pt catalyst film. Electrochemical characterisation of the films in terms of oxygen reduction activity, high frequency impedance and cyclic voltammetry in nitrogen is performed in a fuel cell at 80 ◦C and full humidification. Titanium oxide films with thicknesses up to 18 nm are shown to conduct protons, whereas zirconium oxide and tantalum oxide block proton transport already at a thickness of 1.5 nm. The performance for oxygen reduction is higher for a bi-layered film of 3 nm platinum on 1.5 or 18 nm titanium oxide, than for a pure 3 nm platinum film with no spacer layer. The improvement in oxygen reduction performance is ascribed to a higher active surface area of platinum, i.e. no beneficial effect of combining platinum with zirconium, tantalum or titanium oxides on the intrinsic oxygen reduction activityis seen. The results suggest that TiO2 may be used as electrolyte in fuel cell electrodes, and that low-temperature proton exchange fuel cells could be possible using TiO2 as electrolyte.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Gustavsson, Eva
(författare)
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Adventure tourism : making risk safe.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Organizing in the face of risk and threat. - Cheltenham, UK : Northampton, MA :Edward Elgar. - 9781848444447 ; , s. 91-116, s. 91-116
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1956-
(författare)
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Climate change mitigation : burden or opportunity?
- 2009
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Ingår i: The 2009 Annual meeting of Association of American Geographers (AAG).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract to the session: From Growth to Resilience: Changing Perspectives on Regional Development.There is a growing awareness in cities, regions and nations all over the world of an ongoing global warming and its effects. The industrialized world has undertaken the task to lower the green house gas emissions, and most probably larger assignments will be distributed in future agreements. Opponents argue that this implies restrictions that threaten economic development; others argue that climate change mitigation can be looked upon as an opportunity to enhance national and regional economic development and the creation of new jobs. In times of economic decline, innovations in climate friendly technology are put forward from national and local governments as an appropriate cure. This follows the line of argumentation in the ecological modernization discourse. To make it short - economic growth and the creation of new jobs is one of many challenges for cities and regions, combating climate change is another. Is it possible to make a win-win solution out of these challenges? Based on two Swedish case studies, we put forward two different local solutions to this challenge. In both cases networking on different scales and across sectors is part of the strategy. In one of the cases the city is very active in using its networks as platforms both for advertising climate friendly production and boosting itself as a forerunner in climate mitigation. The case studies show that local resources to some degree determine the way climate mitigation and climate friendly production are combined with growth strategies in the two cities, shaping climate policies.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Aerodynamic Particle Sizer and Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor for Unimodal and Bimodal Mass-Weighted Size Distributions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Aerosol Science and Technology. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd. - 0278-6826 .- 1521-7388. ; 39:9, s. 871-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) and the Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI) to study mass weighted particle size distributions. Unimodal and bimodal liquid test aerosols were produced to a small chamber. Simultaneous measurements were performed with an APS 3320, an APS 3321, an ELPI and a Dekati Low-Pressure Impactor (DLPI) analyzed gravimetrically. ELPI current and mass responses were simulated for lognormal size distributions using a parameterization of the impactor kernel functions. In experiments with a single coarse mode, the mass ratio to the DLPI was between 0.75 and 1.15 for both APS models up to 5 µ m and for the ELPI up to 3 µ m. For larger sizes the ELPI and APS 3320 overestimated and the APS 3321 underestimated the concentration. In experiments with a single fine mode, submicrometer ELPI and DLPI results were in good agreement. However, in contrast to the DLPI all three spectrometers showed a significant mass fraction above 1 µ m. In experiments with a bimodal size distribution, the mass ratios were altered compared to single coarse mode experiments. Simulations showed that uncertainties in ELPI measurements of larger particles occur when concentrations of small particles are high. Several mechanisms that may bias ELPI and APS measurements are described. With knowledge of these, ELPI and APS 3321 can, under many circumstances give accurate time-resolved mass size distributions for particles smaller than 3 and 5 µm, respectively.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Land use more than 200 years ago explains current grassland plant diversity in a Swedish agricultural landscape
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 138, s. 47-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reformation of the Swedish agricultural system, about 150 years ago, drastically changed the use of semi-natural grasslands. Grassland plant diversity has declined due to abandonment, changed management methods and production intensification. Current diversity patterns are thus a result of historical and current land use in combination. In this study we investigate the relative importance of historical grassland management and current land use for grassland plant diversity. The distribution of 128 grassland plant species in an agricultural landscape in southwest Sweden was analysed in relation to current land use and land use in three historical time periods; the 18th and the 19th century and around 1960. Land use during the three historical periods was also combined into land-use sequences. Four diversity estimates were used: number of grassland species, number of grassland specialists, Shannon-Wiener index on the specialists and total cover/hectare of specialists. Historical land use - especially 18th century and the land-use sequences - explained more of the variation among study sites than did current land use. Continuity of a specific management type was important for grassland plants as indicated by highest diversities being found in pastures continuously grazed since the 18th century. Former hay meadows, currently grazed, did not differ in any diversity estimate from abandoned hay meadows, indicating that change of management from mowing to grazing a century ago may cause diversity declines similar to abandonment some 40 years ago. Limited artificial fertilisation in the managed areas may have contributed to this effect. Further decline in grassland biodiversity in the agricultural landscape is expected because a substantial proportion of grassland plant populations occur in abandoned areas. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Local and Regional Climate Change Mitigation in the Financial Crisis : Burden or Opportunity?
- 2009
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Ingår i: The 15th ISDR Conference 2009 in Utrecht.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract to the track Responding to the Financial Crisis: Opportunities for Ecological Transition from/within a Colapsed Economy There is a growing awareness in cities, regions and nations all over the world of an ongoing global warming and its effects. The industrialized world has undertaken the task to lower the green house gas emissions, and even stronger commitments to that goal may be taken in future agreements. Opponents argue that this implies restrictions that threaten economic development; others argue that climate change mitigation can be looked upon as an opportunity to enhance national and regional economic development and the creation of new jobs. In times of economic decline, innovations in climate friendly technology are sometimes put forward by national and local governments as an appropriate cure. This follows the line of argumentation found in the ecological modernization discourse. To make it short - economic growth and the creation of new jobs is a challenge that has become top priority for cities and regions in the current state of economic crisis. How does this combine with high ambitions in combating climate change? Is it possible to make a win-win solution out of these challenges? Based on two Swedish case studies, we identify two different, locally based solutions to this challenge. In both cases networking on different scales and across sectors is part of the strategy. In one of the cases the city is very active in using a number of multi-scalar networks as platforms both for advertising climate friendly production and boosting itself as a forerunner in climate mitigation. Although not really boosting its ambition to contribute to climate change mitigation the other city is also involved in networking, particularly at the regional level. The case studies show that different geographies, different historical paths of development, and the presence of key actors together determine the way climate mitigation and climate friendly production are combined with growth strategies in the two cities. In what way the current financial crisis will affect the fairly ambitious climate mitigation policies of the two cities is too early to say, but will be hypothetically discussed in the concluding part of the paper.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1956-
(författare)
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Mellan det lokala och det globala : klimat, kommuner, nätverk
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Between the local and the global: climate, local governments, networks The notion of an ongoing global warming is shared by a large number of researchers and decision-makers around the world. Through the act of signing the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change a majority of the world's naitons have accepted the idea of human induced climate change, and to develop national climate change mitigation programmes. The Kyoto protocol later quantified the commitments made by the nations. The issue of climate change has become a political issue of its own. In the European Union as well as in Sweden and other nations, climate mitigation goals, programmes and strategies are developed. This is also the situation on the local level, for example in Swedish municipalities, which is the context of this study. Local goverment is an important actor in climate mitigation, both as a political organization in its own right and as an arena involving actors from different sectors in society. Climate change mitigation measures conducted by local governments re partly shaped by national grant programmes. The study shows, however, that the local context - the palce - with its natural prerequisites, economic structures and composition of actors, is just as decisive for how the local climate policies are developed and implemented. It also shows that although responsibility for the environment is an important driving force in local climate mitigation there are at least two other dirving forces; local and regional development and the symbolic valute of being in the forefront of climate change mitigation. Another arena where actors in climate change mitigation meet is the network. Together wiht actors from different sectors and levels many municipalities participate in various networks, with local to global extension. The fact that the netsorks like climate change in inself transcends political and administrative borders, is alsö addressed theoretically in the study, focusing upon the concepts of re-scaling, multilevel governance and network governance, which constitute the theoretichal fram of the thesis.
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| 22. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Multilevel governance, networking cities and the geography of climate-change mitigation : two Swedish examples
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning. C, Government and Policy. - : Sage Publications. - 0263-774X .- 1472-3425. ; 27:1, s. 59-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What geographical and instiutional conditions are important for initiating and sustaining climate-change mitigation at the local level? Taking this question as a point of departure, we analyze local climate mitigation as a case of multilevel network governance. This is illustrated by the case of two Swedish cities, which are both involved in city networking in favour of climate-change mitigation. Different business structures and other local conditions in significant ways influence both the level of ambition and the climate-policy strategies of the two cities, The sheer size and intensity of the networking activities clearly illustrate the fact that cities are increasingly becoming arenas of globalization, rather than passive victims of global forces, thus confirming the call for a multilevel netork-governance approach in policy and politics as well as in research.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1960
(författare)
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Upplevelseturism: Att göra det riskfyllda riskfritt
- 2007
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Ingår i: Czarniawska, Barbara et al: Organisering kring hot och risk. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144040141 ; , s. 111-138
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1960
(författare)
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Virtual Servants: Stereotyping Female Front-Office Employees onthe Internet
- 2005
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - Oxford, UK. ; Vol. 12 No. 5 September 2005, s. 400-419
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on the service providers of the future: virtual assistants on the Internet. Recent technological developments, supported by intensive research on artificial intelligence, have enabled corporations to construct "virtual employee" who can interact with their online customers. The number of virtual assistants on the Internet continues to grow and most of these new service providers are human-like and female. In this article I profile virtual employees on the Internet- who they are, what they do and how they present themselves. I demonstrate that the Internet suffers from the same gender stereotyping characteristic of customer services in general and that the unreflective choice of female images is, at the minimum, a symbolic reinforcement of the real circumstances of gender divisions in customer service.
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| 26. |
- Gustavsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Functional genomics of monensin sensitivity in yeast : Implications for post-Golgi traffic and vacuolar H+-ATPase function
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Genetics and Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1617-4615 .- 1617-4623. ; 280:3, s. 233-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have screened a complete collection of yeast knockout mutants for sensitivity to monensin, an ionophore that interferes with intracellular transport. A total of 63 sensitive strains were found. Most of the strains were deleted for genes involved in post-Golgi traffic, with an emphasis on vacuolar biogenesis. A high correlation was thus seen with VPS and VAM genes, but there were also significant differences between the three sets of genes. A weaker correlation was seen with sensitivity to NaCl, in particular rate of growth effects. Interestingly, all 14 genes encoding subunits of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) were absent in our screen, even though they appeared in the VPS or VAM screens. All monensin-sensitive mutants that could be tested interact synthetically with a deletion of the A subunit of the V-ATPase, Vma1. Synthetic lethality was limited to mutations affecting endocytosis or retrograde transport to Golgi. In addition, vma1 was epistatic over the monensin sensitivity of vacuolar transport mutants, but not endocytosis mutants. Deletions of the two isoforms of the V-ATPase a subunit, Vph1 and Stv1 had opposite effects on the monensin sensitivity of a ypt7 mutant. These findings are consistent with a model where monensin inhibits growth by interfering with the maintenance of an acidic pH in the late secretory pathway. The synthetic lethality of vma1 with mutations affecting retrograde transport to the Golgi further suggests that it is in the late Golgi that a low pH must be maintained.
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| 27. |
- Gustavsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Thin film Pt/TiO2 catalysts for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 163:2, s. 671-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin film Pt/TiO2 catalysts are evaluated in a polymer electrolyte electrochemical cell. Individual thin films of Pt and TiO2, and bilayers of them, were deposited directly on Nafion membranes by thermal evaporation with varying deposition order and thickness (Pt loadings of 3-6 mu g cm(-2)). Structural and chemical characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) polarization plots show that the presence of a thin TiO2 layer between the platinum and the Nation increases the performance compared to a Pt film deposited directly on Nation. Based on the TEM analysis, we attribute this improvement to a better dispersion of Pt on TiO2 compared to on Nalion and in addition, substantial proton conduction through the thin Ti02 layer. It is also shown that deposition order and the film thickness affects the performance.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Odenberger, Eva-Lis, et al.
(författare)
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A short lead time methodology for design, compensation and manufacturing of deep drawing tools for Inconel 718
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Conference Best in Class Stamping, June 16 - 18, 2008, Olofström, Sweden. - Olofström : Industriellt utvecklingscentrum i Olofström AB. - 9789163329487
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a systematic methodology for the design and manufacturing of deep drawing tools generating high quality components at an extremely short lead time. Prototype tools for five different super alloy Inconel 718 sheet metal components were designed, manufactured and tested in 15 weeks. Two of these prototype tools (A, B) are the topics of this paper. The methodology is based on virtual tool design in which the tool concepts are secured and optimized with respect to sheet metal formability and shape deviation using FE-analyses. Tool surfaces are compensated for springback, if necessary, using the *INTERFACE_COMPENSATED_NEW capability in LS-DYNA v971 (B).The compensated FE tool surfaces are used as reference to generate high quality surfaces suitable for the milling process. Laser scanning was used to determine shape deviation. The CAD-evaluation revealed a minor shape deviation within tolerance of component (A) and a small over-compensation of the final geometry of component (B). The maximum shape deviation was however in the order of the sheet thickness. The work presented in this paper substantiate the idea that it is possible to realize development projects for new applications in Inconel 718 accurately, which is of outmost importance when developing tools at a short lead time. The key is consistent studies according to the systematic methodology in which FEanalyses were used for the virtual tool design and compensation.
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| 30. |
- Persson, Eva, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Information to the relatives of people with ostomies: is it satisfactory and adequate?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society / WOCN. - 1071-5754. ; 32:4, s. 238-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate how relatives of patients with an ostomy rated the various aspects of care, how they perceived the quality of the care provided, and how they ranked their involvement in the care. Patients' satisfaction was also sought, particularly their perception of relatives' involvement. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional. SETTINGS AND SUBJECTS: The study comprised a colostomy group (32 pairs) and an ileostomy group (28 pairs). All patients attended a stoma outpatient clinic. METHODS: Quality of care was assessed using the identity-oriented dimension of the validated questionnaire Qualityof Care from the Patient's Perspective. Questionnaires were mailed to patients and their relatives. RESULTS: Relatives and patients in both study groups considered most topics covered by the questionnaire to be important. Half of the patients with an ileostomy and their relatives and approximately 30% of those in the colostomy group were dissatisfied with the information they received, however. Moreover, a greater proportion (41-89%) of the patients were unhappy with the opportunities they were offered to participate in the decision-making process. Patients with an ileostomy and their relatives tended to be more dissatisfied with the quality of care than the colostomy group, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The topics covered by the questionnaire were considered important to both patients and their relatives. Information and counseling offered by the ET nurses and the colorectal surgeons were judged to be unsatisfactory, indicating the need for frequently assessing and improving general standards of quality of care.
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| 31. |
- Persson, Eva, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Ostomy patients' perceptions of quality of care.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of advanced nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 49:1, s. 51-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This paper reports a study whose aim was to assess the quality of care in ostomy patients seen from a patient perspective. BACKGROUND: A stoma operation causes profound changes in a patient's life because of resulting physical damage, disfigurement, loss of bodily function, and change in personal hygiene. Such changes are a cause of major concern for patients and raise important issue for the quality of care. METHODS: The study group comprised patients who had undergone a colostomy for rectal cancer or an ileostomy for ulcerative colitis, all attending a stoma outpatient clinic. Quality of care was assessed using the identity-oriented dimension of the validated questionnaire 'Quality of Care from the Patient's Perspective'. Forty-two ileostomy and 49 colostomy patients completed the questionnaire. RESULT: While the vast majority of patients in both groups thought that most topics in the questionnaire were important, most rated many aspects of their quality of care as unsatisfactory. One-third of the colostomy patients and one-half of the ileostomy patients were dissatisfied with the information they received about the results of medical examinations and laboratory tests, and an even higher proportion was dissatisfied with their opportunities to participate in the decision-making process or to discuss sexual matters. Stoma-related complications, which occurred in 71% of the ileostomy patients and in 43% of the colostomy patients, had no impact on these results. CONCLUSION: Information and counselling for patients having ostomies, both on the part of specialist nurses and colorectal surgeons, appeared to deficient, suggesting that standards for quality of care require continuous evaluation and revision.
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| 32. |
- Rigné, Eva Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av projektet "Barns och ungdomars bästa"
- 2006
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Ingår i: Utvärdering av projektet "Barns och ungdomars bästa". - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9185523887 ; , s. -218
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inledningsvis vill utvärderarna framhålla att utvärderingen inte innebär kritik av enskilda personer eller projektdeltagares arbete, eller ambitioner. Många av de kritiska punkter som sammanfattas nedan är också återkommande iakttagelser gjorda i flera andra projekt i olika kommuner som engagerat CKS för utvärderingsinsatser av helt andra verksamheter. De återfinns också i flera utvärderingar gjorda av nationella utvecklingsprojekt. Utvärderingen av projektet ”Barns och ungdomars bästa” med fokus på de processer som utvecklats under projekttiden pekar på följande:Generellt finns det hos deltagarna i projektet en upplevelse av att det varit positivt och utvecklande att medverka, och inneburit ett stort utbyte i olika avseenden. Detta är inget oväntat, med tanke på att kriterierna för medverkan varit eget intresse och vilja att deltaga. Resultaten av projektarbetet kan således utifrån individernas upplevelser sammanfattas som givande. Å andra sidan finns också en osäkerhet om projektets räckvidd utanför dem som varit engagerade, vilket också flera deltagare själva utpekat som en svag punkt. Få projektdeltagare anser sig ha haft en upplevelse av att vara delar av en helhet, eller gemensamt ha arbetat mot övergripande mål. Den vanliga motsättningen mellan avgränsat projektarbete och kontinuerligt utvecklingsarbete förefaller alltså inte ha lösts, annat än inom ett fåtal delprojekt, och har också påverkats av omorganisationer under projektets avslutningsfas i de berörda verksamheterna.Projektorganisationen som byggts upp har haft svagheter. En sådan är att mycket arbete som borde föregått själva igångsättandet av projektet lagts inom detta, vilket framför allt påverkade initialfasen negativt. Ytterligare en består i att få medverkande förefaller haft kompetens eller fått stöd för att arbeta i projektform. En tredje är att är att den inte gett utrymme för jämställda positioner för olika medverkande i projektet. Projektorganisationen har genom sitt stora beroende av en enda persons arbete blivit onödigt sårbar, och har under projekttiden också i andra avseenden, framför allt administrativa, visat sig svårhanterlig. Mot bakgrund av detta, liksom av erfarenheterna från flera stora nationella projekt, kan det ifrågasättas om projektorganisationen är den lämpligaste arbetsformen för denna typ av utvecklingsarbete.Innehållet i projektet har fått en stark inriktning på intervention på individuell nivå, speciellt i form av olika typer av utbildningsinsatser. De projekt som förekommit inriktade på organisatorisk förändring gäller framför allt familjestödjande arbete i form av att försöka bygga upp familjecentraler, och i viss mån former för utåtriktat ungdomsarbete.Det har också blivit ett projekt som huvudsakligen kommit att präglas av de kommunala tjänstemän som arbetat inom dess ramar, och i liten utsträckning av kommuninvånare/medborgare.I projektet har också funnits olika uppfattningar om och definitioner av centrala inslag i projektarbetet, som exempelvis förebyggande arbete och samverkan, vilket i sin tur påverkat det konkreta arbetet. Utvärderarna menar att det hade varit till fördel för projektet om dessa hade bearbetats mer gemensamt av olika aktörer inom projektet i förarbete till projektet liksom i återkommande senare arbete under projekttiden, bl.a. för att på ett tydligare sätt kunna relatera dessa till mål både för de nationella uppdrag verksamheterna arbetar med och mål som formulerats för projektet.Delstudien av projektet ”Områdesanknutna socialarbetare” pekar på att socialsekreterarna kom in sent i projektet, och inte fick den formella position de med tanke på sitt uppdrag borde haft. De fick utöver sitt inledningsvis formulerade uppdrag också ett till, och har med skiftande framgång kunnat arbeta med två parallella uppdrag. Det visade sig under projekttiden också att det fanns mycket olika tolkningar av vad områdenas behov av socialsekreterare innebar, vilket ledde till svårigheter i arbetet. Utformningen av detta delprojekt styrdes heller inte av behovsanalys, utan hur stora resurser projektet ansåg sig kunna avsätta för arbetet. Med tanke på områdenas varierande karaktär hade en behovsanalys varit värdefull. Samtidigt kan vissa inslag i socialsekreterarnas arbete med fördel organiseras och genomföras centralt i stället för lokalt i områdena. För mer utförliga resonemang, hänvisas till delrapporten ”Områdesanknutna socialsekreterare” av Marie Gustavsson Holmström.Analysen av projektet i media pekar på hur projektet lyckats etablera en bild av sig som framgångsrikt, i stort sett helt baserad på utsagor från aktiva inom projektet. Huvudintrycket av innehållet i de artiklar som analyserats pekar på att detta innebär att en normativ och samtidigt starkt problemcentrerad framställning meddelas kring målgrupperna för projektet och de områden där verksamheten varit igång. Utifrånperspektivet som projektmedarbetare står för när de tillskriver områdena och invånarna en mängd brister och problem (ofta som individuella särdrag snarare än följden av strukturella omständigheter) balanseras inte av förmedling av inifrånperspektiv. Det finns en uppenbar risk att denna onyanserade bild får effekter i termer av en negativ stigmatisering. För mer utförliga resonemang hänvisas till delrapporten ”Projektet i pressen” av Maria-Monahov.Studien av det familjestödjande arbetet i form av uppbyggnadsarbete av familjecentraler, och föräldrautbildning enligt COPE-metoden, fokuserar innebörderna som givits detta arbete av olika aktörer engagerade i processen. Även här pekas på att olika aktörer definierar förebyggande arbete och samverkan på olika sätt och därmed också föreställer sig familjecentralerna som mötesplatser med olika utformning och inriktning på sin verksamhet. Avvägningen mellan det arbete som skall utföras inom familjecentralens ramar och annat arbete inom ens övriga verksamhet är inte klargjord. De tilltänkta brukarna av familjecentralerna har också olika förväntningar som inte på ett självklart sätt överensstämmer med personalens föreställningar om sin målgrupp. Bl.a. finns många negativa associationer hos föräldrarna kring begreppet ”familjecentral”. Vad föräldrarna ser, och värderar högt, är den öppna förskolans verksamhet. Föräldrautbildning enligt COPE-metoden problematiseras gällande dess tillämpbarhet på den målgrupp projektet har och aspekter av kontroll och styrning relaterade till målen för svensk förskola–skola; barn–föräldrarelationer, med mera. Den arena COPE-metoden erbjuder för föräldrautbildning är anpassad för, och når en typ av föräldrar som sannolikt inte är de som har störst behov av insatsen. För mer utförliga resonemang, se delrapporten ” Utvärdering av familjestödjande arbete” av Ingrid Hylander.Följande punkter föreslår utvärderarna kan vara särskilt viktiga att överväga inför framtida utvecklingsarbete:Är organisering av arbetet i projektform det lämpligaste i förhållande till de mål man vill uppnå?Om beslutet fattas att organisera utvecklingsarbete som projekt är det viktigt att utforma projektprocessen så att utrymme finns för en förberedelsefas. Innehållet i denna kan med fördel inriktas på ett systematiskt kunskapssökande i olika former, för att rikta in utvecklingsarbetet på adekvata områden och tillvarata tidigare kunskap och erfarenhet inom berörda utvecklingsområden. I föreliggande projekt har arbetets inriktning i hög grad blivit styrt av berörd personals uppfattningar och upplevelser av vad som är angeläget utvecklingsarbete.I projektprocessen bör på ett tidigt stadium konkretiseringar göras av vad samtliga inblandade aktörer lägger i begrepp som är styrande för projektets innehåll och kontinuerligt bearbetas i förhållande till andra relevanta målformuleringar.Personer som engageras i projektarbete bör ha eller ges tillfälle att inhämta, kunskap och kompetens i projektarbetets speciella karaktär. Det är vidare angeläget att bygga en projektorganisation med stabilitet både vad avser personers engagemang i tid, och deras inbördes ansvarsområden.Projekt som arbetar med mål inriktade på någon typ av mobilisering av medborgare/allmänhet kan på ett mer systematiskt sätt än vad som blivit fallet inom föreliggande projekt använda sig av självorganiserade grupper/ickeprofessionella aktörer för utvecklingsarbete.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Svedman, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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A correlation found between contact allergy to stent material and restenosis of the coronary arteries.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 60:3, s. 158-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Metallic implants, stents, are increasingly being used especially in patients with stenosis of the cardiac vessels. Ten to thirty per cent of the patients suffer from restenosis regardless of aetiology. We have shown increased frequency of contact allergy to stent metals in stented patients. OBJECTIVES: To we evaluate whether contact allergy to stent material is a risk factor for restenosis. METHODS: Patients with stainless steel stents, with or without gold plating, were epicutaneously tested and answered a questionnaire. The restenosis rate was evaluated. RESULTS: We found a correlation between contact allergy to gold, gold stent, and restenosis (OR 2.3, CI 1.0-5.1, P = 0.04). The risk for restenosis was threefold increased when the patient was gold allergic and stented with a gold-plated stent. An increased degree of chest pain in gold-allergic patients stented with gold-plated stent was found. CONCLUSIONS: We found a correlation between contact allergy to gold, gold-stent, and restenosis. It may be of importance to consider contact allergy when developing new materials for stenting.
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| 36. |
- TEDDY study group, The, et al.
(författare)
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The environmental determinants of diabetes in the young (TEDDY) study: Study design
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 8:5, s. 286-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary objective of this multicenter, multinational, epidemiological study is the identification of infectious agents, dietary factors, or other environmental exposures that are associated with increased risk of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Factors affecting specific phenotypic manifestations such as early age of onset or rate of progression or with protection from the development of T1DM will also be identified. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) is an observational cohort study in which newborns who are younger than 4 months and have high-risk human leukocyte antigen alleles in the general population or are first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients affected with T1DM will be enrolled. Six clinical centers in the USA and Europe will screen 361 588 newborns, of which it is anticipated that 17 804 will be eligible for enrollment with just over 7800 followed. Recruitment will occur over 5 yr, with children being followed to the age of 15 yr. Identification of such factors will lead to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and result in new strategies to prevent, delay, or reverse T1DM.
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| 37. |
- Wall, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of zolmitriptan into the CNS in healthy volunteers : a positron emission tomography study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Drugs in R&D. - 1174-5886 .- 1179-6901. ; 6:3, s. 139-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Triptans are highly effective in the treatment of migraine. Both central and peripheral mechanisms of action have been suggested. Until now, firm data about the passage of triptans into the CNS in humans have been lacking. The aim of the current study was to evaluate, using positron emission tomography (PET), the uptake and distribution of zolmitriptan into the CNS after intranasal administration. Subjects and methods: Eight healthy volunteers, five males and three females (mean ages 23 and 26 years, respectively), were included. Radioactive [carbonyl-11C]zolmitriptan was infused intravenously for 5 minutes on two occasions: once alone, and once 30–40 minutes after intranasal administration of unlabelled zolmitriptan 5mg. PET was used to measure the concentration of labelled zolmitriptan in the brain, from the start of the tracer infusion for 90 minutes. Regional cerebral blood volume was determined with [15O]carbon monoxide. In addition, an MRI scan was performed to obtain anatomical information. The PET images were analysed quantitatively for different areas of the brain, generating [11C]zolmitriptan time-activity data corrected for circulating tracer activity. The rate of uptake of intranasal zolmitriptan into the CNS was estimated by kinetic modelling using the PET data. Results: PET data from this study demonstrate a rapid dose-proportional uptake of [11C]zolmitriptan into the brain. Significant concentrations of [11C]zolmitriptan were found in all brain regions studied. Calculated CNS concentrations after intranasal zolmitriptan administration showed a gradual increase, reaching about 2nM (0.5 μg/L) 30 minutes after administration and 3.5nM (1.0 μg/L), or one-fifth of the plasma concentration, 1 hour after administration. Five minutes after zolmitriptan administration, the mean CNS concentration had already reached 0.5nM, which is higher than in vitro values for initiation of the agonistic action on 5-HT1B/1D receptors. Conclusion: This study demonstrates by direct measurements that zolmitriptan enters the brain parenchyma in humans, achieving an uptake rate and concentration compatible with a central mode of action.
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| 38. |
- Walsh, Dominic M., et al.
(författare)
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A facile method for expression and purification of the Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid beta-peptide
- 2009
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Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X. ; 276:5, s. 1266-1281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the development of a high-level bacterial expression system for the Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid beta-peptide (A beta), together with a scaleable and inexpensive purification procedure. A beta(1-40) and A beta(1-42) coding sequences together with added ATG codons were cloned directly into a Pet vector to facilitate production of Met-A beta(1-40) and Met-A beta(1-42), referred to as A beta(M1-40) and A beta(M1-42), respectively. The expression sequences were designed using codons preferred by Escherichia coli, and the two peptides were expressed in this host in inclusion bodies. Peptides were purified from inclusion bodies using a combination of anion-exchange chromatography and centrifugal filtration. The method described requires little specialized equipment and provides a facile and inexpensive procedure for production of large amounts of very pure A beta peptides. Recombinant peptides generated using this protocol produced amyloid fibrils that were indistinguishable from those formed by chemically synthesized A beta 1-40 and A beta 1-42. Formation of fibrils by all peptides was concentration-dependent, and exhibited kinetics typical of a nucleation-dependent polymerization reaction. Recombinant and synthetic peptides exhibited a similar toxic effect on hippocampal neurons, with acute treatment causing inhibition of MTT reduction, and chronic treatment resulting in neuritic degeneration and cell loss.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Öhman, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha does not mediate diabetes-induced vascular inflammation in mice.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636 .- 1079-5642. ; 29:10, s. 1465-1470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Vascular inflammation is a key feature of both micro- and macrovascular complications in diabetes. Several lines of evidence have implicated the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha as an important mediator of inflammation in diabetes. In the present study we evaluated the role of TNF alpha in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 wild-type and apoE-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Diabetes increased the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in cerebral arteries 150 m in diameter as well as the macrophage accumulation in aortic root atherosclerotic plaques in apoE-/- mice. A more pronounced vascular inflammatory response was observed in diabetic TNF alpha-deficient apoE-/- mice. These mice were also characterized by increased accumulation of IgG and IgM autoantibodies in atherosclerotic lesions. Diabetes also increased VCAM-1 expression and plaque formation in apoE-competent TNF alpha -/- mice, whereas no such effects were observed in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that TNF alpha does not mediate diabetic-induced vascular inflammation in mice and reveal an unexpected protective role for TNF alpha. These effects are partly attributable to a direct antiinflammatory role of TNF alpha, but may also reflect a defective development of the immune system in these mice.
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