| 1. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Min plats i biosfären
- 2019
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- “Min plats i biosfären” är en skrift som presenterar forskningsresultat om vilken roll kulturmiljön och de kulturella ekosystemtjänsterna kulturarv och platsidentitet har för människors välbefinnande och för hållbar landskapsförvaltning inom Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle. Resultaten i skriften baseras på forskningsprojektet “Kulturmiljö och kulturarv som en del av hållbar landskapsförvaltning” och har genomförts av forskare vid Göteborgs universitet och Högskolan i Gävle.
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| 2. |
- Hemmingsson, Eva-Stina, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of pain and pharmacological pain and treatment among old people in nursing homes in 2007 and 2013
- 2018
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In: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 74:4, s. 483-488
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Many elderly people living in nursing homes experience pain and take analgesic medication. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of pain and pharmacological pain treatment among people living in nursing homes in Sweden, in two large, comparable, samples from 2007 to 2013.Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were performed in 2007 and 2013, including all residents in nursing homes in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. A total of 4933 residents (2814 and 2119 respectively) with a mean age of 84.6 and 85.0 years participated. Of these, 71.1 and 72.4% respectively were cognitively impaired. The survey was completed by the staff members who knew the residents best.Results: The prescription of opioids became significantly more common while the use of tramadol decreased significantly. The staff reported that 63.4% in 2007 and 62.3% in 2013 had experienced pain. Of those in pain, 20.2% in 2007 and 16.8% in 2013 received no treatment and 73.4 and 75.0% respectively of those with pain, but no pharmacological treatment, were incorrectly described by the staff as being treated for pain.Conclusions: There has been a change in the pharmacological analgesic treatment between 2007 and 2013 with less prescribing of tramadol and a greater proportion taking opioids. Nevertheless, undertreatment of pain still occurs and in many cases, staff members believed that the residents were prescribed analgesic treatment when this was not the case.
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| 3. |
- Bejerot, Eva, 1951-, et al.
(author)
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Akutmottagningarnas konstanta kaos : styrning, det oförutsedda och motstånd
- 2015
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In: Book of Abstracts FALF 2015 Conference 10.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Under många år har det funnits ett brett missnöje med långa väntetider på akutmottagningarna på svenska sjukhus. Media har skrivit mycket om detta område, politiker och huvudmän har introducerat en rad interven-tioner och myndigheter har inspekterat, mätt och jämfört för att stimulera ”best practice”. Men resultatet av allt detta är negativt – väntetiderna på akutmottagningarna har ökat under senare år! Vad kan detta bero på? Kan orsaken vara att styrformerna varit felaktigt utformade, att det under perioden skett andra förändringar vars effekter beslutsfattarna inte förutsåg, eller kan det vara läkargruppens motstånd till effektiviserande åtgärder som ligger bakom uteblivna förbättringar? I denna studie beskrivs dels de politiska initiativ och interventioner som gjorts på nationell nivå för att komma tillrätta med väntetiderna under 2010-talet, dels utfallet av dessa insatser så som de uppfattas av läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar. I analysen intresserar vi oss särskilt för läkarnas inflytande och eventuella motstånd till förändringar.Initialt gjordes intervjuer med 14 läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar på fyra sjukhus. De tillhör både den nya specialiteten akutvårdsläkare och andra specialiteter som är “gästdoktorer” på akuten. Intervjuerna gjor-des för att få kunskap inför en enkätundersökning, och har för detta arbete analyserats tematiskt med fokus på styrning, förändringar och dilemman i arbetet. Efter analysen av intervjuerna och identifiering av de styrfor-mer som respondenterna tog upp, studerades de rapporter och beslut som låg bakom dessa styrformer. Vilken kunskap baserades de på? Vilka hade inflytande på utformningen av förändringarna? Hur har styrningen anpassats över tid i relation till de svårigheter som akutmottagningarna har att klar av att möta målen?Den styrning som de intervjuade läkarna tar upp som kontraproduktiv är relaterad till överorganisatoriska direktiv och mål som är kopplade till prestationsmätningar av olika slag. Ett par exempel: För akutmottag-ningarna finns landstingsspecifika mål att i stort sett alla patienter på akuten ska vara färdigbehandlade inom fyra timmar. Det är ett mål som ständigt fallerar, som medför negativa ekonomiska konsekvenser för kliniken, men framför allt ger en känsla av misslyckande. På vissa enheter har styrningen lett till att man organiserat om arbetet för att förbättra mätresultaten – inte vården. Andra förändringar handlar om ett nationellt föränd-ringsprogram för att med stöd av lean effektivisera arbetssättet, det vill säga hur arbetsuppgifterna organiseras på mottagningarna. Även här beskriver respondenterna problem avseende arbetmiljö och vårdkvalitet.Analysen indikerar att styrformerna utmanar den professionella identiteten och skapar nya dilemman. Men det finns i praktiken inga möjligheter för läkarna att göra motstånd; man kan föra fram synpunkter, men de beaktas inte, man kan på individnivå strunta i något delmoment, men det är i det lilla. Resultaten diskuteras i termer av makt och motstånd. I förlängningen bör denna studie utvidgas med intervjuer av chefer och besluts-fattare.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bejerot, Eva, 1951-, et al.
(author)
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Occupational Control on Drift : National and Local Intervention in Clinical Work at Emergency Departments
- 2017
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In: Professions & Professionalism. - : Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus. - 1893-1049. ; 7:2, s. 1-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Swedish emergency departments, various initiatives have been introduced in order to reduce long waiting times for patients: lean methods, targets for waiting times related to revenues, interprofessional teams, and different forms of triage systems. This study focuses on the physicians’ views on dilemmas related to these interventions. The study is based on the interviews with 14 physicians in four emergency departments. The interviews have been analysed thematically and presented in the form of brief narratives. The study follows changes from clinical practice to the national policy level. The changes appear to be ineffective or counterproductive—waiting times are rather getting longer, but the measures have a number of other effects. Decisions are taken at a central level and are carried out by means of rules, incentives, and projects and end in the medical profession being displaced from the central position they have held in the working processes of health care.
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| 6. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Conditions for Transformative Learning for Sustainable Development : A Theoretical Review and Approach
- 2018
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.
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| 7. |
- Edin, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Genetic diversity and occurrence of the F129L substitutions among isolates of Alternaria solani in south-eastern Sweden
- 2016
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In: Hereditas. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-0661 .- 1601-5223. ; 153
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Early blight, caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, occurs on potato mainly in the south-eastern part of Sweden, but also in other parts of the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of A. solani populations from different potato growing regions in south-eastern Sweden using AFLP marker analysis. In addition, the cultured isolates were examined for substitutions in the gene encoding cytochrome b, associated with loss of sensitivity against QoI fungicides.Results: Nei's gene diversity index for the Swedish populations of A. solani revealed a gene diversity of up to 0.20. Also genetic differentiation was observed among populations of A. solani from different locations in south-eastern Sweden. The mitochondrial genotype of the isolates of A. solani was determined and both known genotypes, GI (genotype 1) and GII (genotype 2), were found among the isolates. The occurrence of the F129L substitution associated with a loss of sensitivity to strobilurins was confirmed among the GII isolates. In vitro conidial germination tests verified that isolates containing the F129L substitution had reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin and, at a lower extent, to pyraclostrobin.Conclusions: Genetic diversity was relatively high among isolates of A. solani in south-eastern part of Sweden. F129L substitutions, leading to reduced sensitivity to strobilurins, have been established in field populations, which may have implications for the future efficacy of QoI fungicides.
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| 8. |
- Elander, Ingemar, 1942-, et al.
(author)
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From policy community to issue networks : Implementing social sustainability in a Swedish urban development programme
- 2019
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In: Environment and Planning C. - : Sage Publications. - 2399-6544 .- 2399-6552. ; 37:6, s. 1082-1101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article a “sustainable urban development” programme in Sweden (Delegation for Sustainable Cities, 2008–2012) is analysed, with a particular focus on the social dimension, and in the light of a commonly held assumption of a general shift in politics over time “from government to governance”. However, on closer examination the programme comes out as something quite different. Taking “policy community” as our conceptual point of departure the article first portrays how post-war housing policy in Sweden was implemented jointly by a potent central government, strong local governments, public housing companies and major interest organisations. The Delegation for Sustainable Cities, on the other hand, was launched as “a national arena for sustainable urban development” with a multifaceted mission, including the production and dissemination of knowledge through best practice; the promotion of multi-actor dialogue and coordination; and the use and export of green technology. Implementation of the programme was delegated to a small number of projects in selected housing districts. In relation to the narrative “from government to governance”, the Delegation for Sustainable Cities rather indicates the opposite, i.e. government steering by a combination of structural non-intervention, rhetorical flair and selective fragmentation into project-bound issue networks. The sustainability discourse thus turned out to be a perfect umbrella for the fragmented implementation structure of the Delegation for Sustainable Cities programme. Instead of a tight, multi-level, national governance structure (policy community) we thus have a case of governing at some distance by a combination of what in recent literature have been labelled the Regulatory State and the Networked Polity.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Elander, Ingemar, 1942-, et al.
(author)
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Swedish muslims and secular society : faith-based engagement and place
- 2015
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In: Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-6410 .- 1469-9311. ; 26:2, s. 145-163
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article sets out to explore how Muslims in Sweden identify with and create social life in the place where they live, that is, in their neighbourhood, in their town/city and in Swedish society at large. In a paradoxical religious landscape that includes a strong Lutheran state church heritage and a Christian free-church tradition, in what is, nevertheless, a very secular society, Muslims may choose different strategies to express their faith, here roughly described as “retreatist,” “engaged” or “essentialist/antagonistic.” Focusing on a non-antagonistic, engaged stance, and drawing upon a combination of authors' interviews, and materials published in newspapers and on the Internet, we first bring to the fore arguments by Muslim leaders in favour of creating a Muslim identity with a Swedish brand, and second give some examples of local Muslim individuals, acting as everyday makers in their neighbourhood, town or city. Third, we also give attention to an aggressively negative Islamophobic stance expressed both in words and in physical violence in parts of Swedish society. In conclusion, we reflect upon the challenges and potentialities of an emotionally engaged, dialogue-orientated Muslim position facing antagonistic interpretations of Islam, and an ignorant, sometimes Islamophobic, environment.
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| 11. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Behaving Clean without Having to Think Green? : Local Eco-Technological and Dialouge-Based, Low-Carbon Projects in Sweden
- 2017
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In: The Journal of urban technology. - : Routledge. - 1063-0732 .- 1466-1853. ; 24:1, s. 93-116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two kinds of local low-carbon initiatives are the focus in this paper: those initiated under the umbrella of a central government program, and those initiated from below by individuals and municipalities in Sweden. The project studied in the first category was focused on eco-technological innovations undertaken by a municipal housing company. The case in the second category was a dialogue-based program with selected citizens willing to test a climate-friendly lifestyle. The latter approach faced strong barriers when going from words to deeds, lacking the large-scale favors of massive eco-technological investments. Highlighting one particular project in each category, we illustrate the potentials and barriers of each approach. it is concluded that policymakers have to find ways to combine the two, otherwise there is a risk that low-carbon committed individuals will become disillusioned or that eco-technological gains will be spoiled by "rebound consumption".
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1956-
(author)
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Renovering av ett miljonprogram
- 2019
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In: Samhällsplaneringens teori och praktik. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147113613 ; , s. 188-196
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 15. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Sustainability potential of a redevelopment initiative in Swedish public housing : The ambiguous role of residents’ participation and place identity
- 2016
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In: Progress in Planning. - : Elsevier. - 0305-9006 .- 1873-4510. ; 103, s. 1-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During 1965–1974 one million dwellings were built in Sweden, most of these financed by state housing loans and available for renting. Although most of these 850,000 apartments are considered decently maintained about 300,000 are considered in need of thorough refurbishment. This is a great opportunity for technological innovations, contributing to energy saving and climate mitigation on a broad scale. However, many of these estates have also been associated with spatial segregation, social exclusion and related challenges. The empirical focus of this article is on an attempt by a municipal housing company to approach the residents of a multi-family housing estate with a redevelopment scheme expressing a will to combine social, ecological and economic qualities under the brand ‘‘My Green Neighbourhood’’. Drawing upon data describing the initial phase and the dialogue activities undertaken during the planning phase, and the residents’ reactions the study is conceptually framed by an eclectic approach inspired by the spatial triad of Lefebvre, Relph’s notion of place identity, and Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation, including references to some related, recent works. Considering a common picture of municipal, multi-family housing in Sweden as a ‘‘success story’’ the case study is of relevance in the wider context of coping with the challenges of sustainable urban development. It is concluded that projects like this have a potential to decrease energy consumption substantially, as well as contributing to long-term financially sound management by housing companies. However, when it comes to social aspects of sustainability the picture becomes more complicated. First, most sitting tenants would have preferred a change in terms of proper maintenance and modest improvements. Second, most of them will not return to their apartments after rehabilitation, partly due to rising rents. Third, the position of the tenants was not very strong, instead planning rather had a tokenist bias. Fourth, the local government’s social mix strategy has to be questioned on theoretical as well as empirical grounds. Despite these and other critical observations, My Green Neighbourhood should not be disregarded as just one more in a never-ending parade of low impact ad hoc projects. Up-scaling the experience of this and similar running projects would represent a substantial contribution to urban sustainable development, at least in terms of energy saving. Finally, to understand the complexities of a redevelopment planning process it is concluded that decisionmakers have to be very observant of the different time perspectives linked to the structural positions and interests of the various stakeholders, for example a building company’s desire to make short time profits through major reconstruction, sitting tenants’ demand for sustainable maintenance and cautious refurbishment, local politicians´ wish to create another social mix in the area, and a public housing company’s attempt to reconcile the views of different actors
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| 16. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1970, et al.
(author)
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“The Flowering Mountain”. Marketing An 18th Century Landscape in a 21st Century World
- 2018
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In: PECSRL2018 European Landscapes for Quality of Life?. 3-9 september 2018, Clermont-Ferrand–Mende, France. s. 146.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Review on plant species reported from Kinnekulle, Västergötland, by 18th century botanists, interpretations on landscape appearance then and how the landscape is perceived today. How knowledgeable are inhabitants in the Biosphere Reserve Lake Vänern Archipelago and Mount Kinnekulle in current and historical botany as well as historical accounts of botany?
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Den nya akutläkaren : arbetsvillkor, hälsa och vilja att stanna på akutmottagningar
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Läkare i akutsjukvård är en egen basspecialitet sedan 2015. En ny specialitet och stor efterfrågan på akutläkare innebär en omställning för akutmottagningarna, sjukhusen och gängse utbildningssystem för läkare. Föreliggande studie initierades som en konsekvens av behovet av dessa behov av förändringar – vilka är förutsättningarna på landets akutmottagningar för att den nya specialiteten ska få goda arbetsförhållanden och stanna kvar på akutmottagningarna?I studien genomfördes inledningsvis en intervjustudie med 14 akutläkare. Därefter utvecklades en webb-baserad enkät. Totalt 15 akutmottagningar i landet valde att deltaga i studien, och 147 läkare på akutmottagningar (51%) besvarade enkäten. Forskargruppen har erbjudit samtliga medverkande akutmottagningar återkoppling av resultaten, några akutmottagningar har deltagit i dessa möten. Tanken med återkopplingarna är att ge underlag för förbättringsarbetet inom respektive akutmottagning.Resultaten av intervjustudien och enkätstudien visar att det finns en stor variation mellan de olika akutmottagningarna med avseende på hur arbetet organiseras, hur arbetsmiljön blir för läkarna, hur läkarna mår och i vilken grad de vill stanna kvar på akutmottagningen.De tre distinkta faserna inflöde, vårdprocess och utflöde utgör ramen för arbetets förutsättningar på akutmottagningar. Hur inflödet organiseras beror dels på politiska beslut, dels på triage processen inom akutmottagningen. Ofta görs arbetet i team, ett välfungerande team ger bättre förutsättningar i arbetet än team med oerfarna medlemmar. Att arbeta i team kan vara en ny erfarenhet för många läkare och övrig vårdpersonal och ställer krav på relevant utbildning för detta. Även oklarheter i rollerna inom teamet kan försvåra arbetet.Många akutläkare rapporterar att vårdprocessen inom akutmottagningarna organiserats så att de får många oskäliga och onödiga arbetsuppgifter: dubbeldokumentation, att jaga vårdplatser, rutiner kring intagning eller överflyttning av patienter, administrativa uppgifter, mm. Denna typ av arbetsuppgifter fördubblar risken för arbetsrelaterad anspänning och utmattning bland akutläkarna. Många akutläkare upplever också oacceptabel tidspress och överbelastning, samtidigt som de anser sig ha måttligt inflytande över verksamhetsnära frågor om hur arbetet skall organiseras. Ett gott inflytande över arbetet kan kompensera för höga krav, men i denna studie finner vi inte belägg för att graden av inflytande kompenserar för de höga kraven. Höga krav i arbetet har starka samband med en ökad risk för trötthet bland akutläkare.Generellt sett har läkarna en mycket positiv inställning till den nya specialiteten och de menar att patientflödet förbättras. Akutläkare uppfattas dock ha låg status jämfört med traditionella specialiteter. Följande slutsatser dras från denna studie.De flesta akutläkare mår bra, men en tredjedel av akutläkarna har symptom på arbetsrelaterad anspänning, utmattning och trötthet. Dessa symptom är vanligare bland kvinnliga akutläkare. Symptomen har starka samband med arbetets organisering. Organisering av arbetet bidrar till förekomsten av onödiga och oskäliga arbetsuppgifter och hög arbetsbelastning. Akutläkarna har inte inflytande över verksamhetsnära frågor och upplever sin autonomi och sitt inflytande som reducerat på grund av organisatoriska förändringar. Ett gott arbetsklimat innebär att risken för att utveckla dessa symptom minskar. Ett gott arbetsklimat bygger dels på ett väl fungerande teamarbete, dels på ett gott ledarskap där akutläkarna uppfattar att de får stöd och återkoppling på sitt arbete.Införande av nya organisations- och flödesmodeller inspirerade av lean och teamorganisering används för att effektivisera arbetet. I denna förändringsprocess går verksamheten från en vertikal organisation som bygger på profession till en horisontell organisation som bygger på teamarbete. Detta kan skapa otydliga professionsgränser mellan läkare och annan vårdpersonal. Studien pekar på att det kan finnas vissa motsättningar mellan olika yrkesgrupper på akutmottagningarna och att det kan finnas oklarheter i vem som är teamledare. Tydlighet i roll- och ansvarsfördelning är inte alltid utvecklad, vilket kan leda till meningsmotsättningar. Akutmottagningar uppfattas ofta som sjuksköterskornas arena, medan läkare, som har det medicinska ansvaret, uppfattar sig som faktiska ledare. En viktig förutsättning för ett väl fungerande teamarbete är att de olika ingående professionerna har fått träning och utbildning i teamarbete.En relativt stor andel av de läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar, eller som avser att bli specialister i akutsjukvård, är inte helt tillfreds med sina arbetsförhållanden. Ungefär hälften av läkarna har övervägt att byta arbetsgivare eller att byta klinik. Viljan att stanna kvar inom akutmottagningen har starkt samband med om läkaren får stöd och feedback från ledningen. Andra studier har visat att symptom på utmattning ökar benägenheten att byta arbete. Majoriteten av de som svarat på enkäten är ST-läkare inom akutsjukvård vilket indikerar att det är viktigt att tidigt uppmärksamma symptom på utmattning för att förebygga att yngre läkare väljer att lämna arbetet.Hur arbetet på akutmottagningar organiseras har betydelse för arbetsmiljön och för om processer och flöden möjliggör för läkarna att utföra sitt arbete på ett säkert och effektivt sätt. En akutmottagning måste ses som en del i vårdkedjan i ett större system, men också att akutmottagningen är ett system i sig med lokala förutsättningar som styr in- och utflödet av patienter. Interventioner för att förbättra arbetsförhållanden kan därför inte begränsas till enskilda faktorer utan bygga på hur förutsättningar för hälsopromotiva arbets- och lärmiljöer skapas i organisationer.
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| 19. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(author)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 20. |
- Husenov, Bahromiddin, et al.
(author)
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Breeding for wheat quality to assure food security of a staple crop: the case study of Tajikistan
- 2015
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In: Agriculture and Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2048-7010. ; 4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: This study evaluated options and obstacles to strengthening food security through breeding a staple crop in a developing country, using the case of quality of bread wheat in Tajikistan as an example. Methods: Three wheat varieties and 19 breeding lines were collected from two field trial locations included in the Tajik wheat breeding programme. Grain protein composition as a measure of quality was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Payne scores were calculated in order to predict quality. Results: There was high variation between and high heterogeneity within several lines and varieties in relation to protein composition. Differences between the same varieties/lines at different locations were also observed. The number of grains analysed from each variety/line allowed prediction of quality, and the majority of materials analysed showed high Payne scores. Based on Payne scores and cluster analyses, a group of varieties/lines with high quality was identified as interesting for further breeding. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the importance of improving wheat maintenance breeding and early generation seed production and of developing suitable screening methods for quality to secure food supply in developing countries such as Tajikistan.
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| 21. |
- Husenov, Bahromiddin, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation and managing wheat seed-borne diseases: options and suggestions from the case of Tajikistan.
- 2017
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In: Cereal Research Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0133-3720 .- 1788-9170. ; 45, s. 124-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wheat seed-borne diseases are among the major constraints reducing crop yield and the quality of seed and grain. In this study we aimed to evaluate the type and prevalence of fungal seed-borne diseases in Tajik wheat seed samples. Particular emphasis was given to common bunt resistance in advanced wheat breeding materials. Furthermore, we aimed to identify options for improving the seed quality. Seed samples collected from two different locations in Tajikistan were tested by conventional seed-health testing methods for presence of seed-borne diseases. Nineteen advanced wheat breeding lines and three varieties collected from the Tajik wheat breeding program were screened using an artificial inoculation test for their response to common bunt. Significant differences were found between the locations and genotypes concerning presence of common bunt and black point. Fourteen fungal species, where most of them are pathogenic for wheat, were identified in the seed samples. Tilletia laevis, T. tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Stemphylium spp., and Drechslera spp. were the major pathogenic fungi observed in collected wheat samples. Common bunt was predominantly represented by T. laevis. No strong resistance was found in the studied Tajik wheat material, although a low percentage of infection was found in one line (SHARK/F4105W2.1), while the material was evaluated for common bunt resistance. In managing seed-borne diseases, breeding of resistant varieties should be given a priority, while cultural practices such as preventing contamination and monitoring seed health status should also be considered, as a last resort the use of chemical seed treatments are advised.
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| 22. |
- Kjellenberg, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Correlations between Polyacetylene Concentrations in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and Various Soil Parameters
- 2016
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In: Foods. - : MDPI AG. - 2304-8158. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study assessed the concentrations of three falcarinol-type polyacetylenes (falcarinol, falcarindiol, falcarindiol-3-acetate) in carrots and the correlations between these and different soil traits. A total of 144 carrot samples, from three different harvests taken a single season, were analysed in terms of their polyacetylene concentrations and root development. On one of the harvesting occasions, 48 soil samples were also taken and analysed. The chemical composition of the soil was found to influence the concentrations of falcarinol-type polyacetylenes in carrots. When the total soil potassium level was 200 mg/100 g soil, the concentration of falcarindiol (FaDOH) in the carrot samples was 630 μg/g DW, but when carrots were grown in soil with a total potassium level of 300 mg/100 g soil, the FaDOH concentration in the carrots fell to 445 μg/g DW. Carrots grown in soils generally low in available phosphorus exhibited higher levels of falcarindiol if the soil was also low in available magnesium and calcium. The concentrations of polyacetylenes in carrots were positively correlated with total soil phosphorus level, but negatively correlated with total soil potassium level. Of the three polyacetylenes analysed, FaDOH concentrations were influenced most by changes in soil chemical composition.
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| 23. |
- Kjellenberg, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Influence of organic manures on carrot (Daucus carota L.) crops grown in a long-term field experiment in Sweden
- 2016
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In: Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. - 1742-1705 .- 1742-1713. ; 31, s. 258-268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluated the effects of organic agriculture manuring systems on carrot (Daucus carota) root morphology and sugar and polyacetylene content. Carrots were harvested three times per season 2006-2007 in a long-term field experiment at Skilleby research farm, Sweden. The effects of pelleted chicken manure, fresh farmyard manure and composted farmyard manure (COM) were compared against control plots left unmanured since the field experiment started in 1991. The carrots were analyzed for root size, root shape, amount of soluble sugars and amount of falcarinol-type polyacetylenes. Differences between manuring systems were found to be smaller than the variation between harvest years and harvest occasions, probably due to the grass-clover ley included in the crop rotation system. On an average for the six harvests, manuring with COM increased root length by 6% compared with fertilizing with pelleted chicken manure. Carrots fertilized with pelleted chicken manure also had 6-7% lower total soluble sugar content than carrots manured with 50 t ha(-1) of composted or fresh manure. The falcarinol to total falcarinol-type polyacetylenes ratio was 15.4% in carrots manured with 50 t ha(-1) of composted or fresh manure and 14.7% in carrots fertilized with pelleted chicken manure. Seasonal fluctuations in falcarinol-type polyacetylenes were more pronounced in carrots manured with fresh or composted manure than in carrots fertilized with pelleted chicken manure. The results suggest that manuring organic carrots with compost may be the most beneficial strategy, at least in systems where fertilizer is applied only once per crop rotation, whether directly to the carrot crop or in the preceding crop.
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| 24. |
- Kristianssen, Ann-Catrin, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Citizen-centred innovations between responsive and inclusive democracy. : Examples from a Swedish city.
- 2015
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Representing all citizens, as well as their needs and interests within its territory, municipalities have a unique role in setting a legitimate policy agenda. In times of economic recession, fiscal austerity becomes a huge challenge for local governments to tackle. This challenge has triggered experiments with new forms of citizen-local government interaction.In some of these experiments citizens have been invited to participate in decision-making or implementation, and new forms of “participatory engineering” have become commonplace, including dialogue forums in social media and elsewhere (Zittel & Fuchs 2007). Citizen participation has been loudly praised by decision-making authorities when it comes to area based interventions and broader programs. There is a belief that including citizens will increase efficiency and legitimacy of government as well as social capital among citizens.Other experiments are focusing on providing the best possible service with a focus on quality and citizen needs rather than participation or on institutional innovations (Graham, 2009) for alleviating citizen-government interaction.The prospects, aims and outcomes of these experiments raise a range of normative, theoretical and empirical questions. In the light of recent literature on social and democratic innovations, the purpose of this paper is to scrutinize two cases of citizen-focused innovations in the mid-size Swedish city of Örebro. The first case is the establishment of a citizen service center where all local government citizen interaction is gathered in one location both physically and virtually. The second is a case of neighborhood renewal, where the municipal housing company plays a vital role, involving residents in the planning process, and offering opportunities of employment. The study contributes to the broader conceptual discussion about citizen-focused innovations and critically discusses the prospects of applying these with regard to citizens with limited resources. To put it brief, are they tools for democracy or rather cases of tokenism?ReferencesSmith, Graham (2009) Democratic Innovations: Designing Institutions for CitizenParticipation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Zittel, Thomas and Fuchs, Dieter (2007) Can Participatory Engineering Bring Citizens BackIn? NewYork: Routledge.
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| 25. |
- Lennartsson, T, et al.
(author)
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'The Meadow is the Mother of the Field.' Comparing Transformations in Hay Production in Three European Agroecosystems
- 2016
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In: Martor. - 1224-6271. ; 21, s. 103-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This research compares the production of hay in three historical European agroecological systems: in northern Romania, central Sweden and eastern central France. We analyse hay production in relation to the entire production system, the local natural conditions, and the variety of ways by which hay production was transformed over time. We found broad commonalities, but also discovered significant differences in each of three historical trajectories. Introduction of fodder crops, crop rotations and mechanization are important drivers of changes in all three areas, although the timing, sequence and causation vary from place to place. There are signifcant differences in the organization of farm labour, in the role of beef and dairy production, the role of political reforms and the climatic constraints of outdoor grazing which affected the transformation of fodder production. This paper highlights the potential of an integrated, interdisciplinary approach for better understanding the complex interaction of people, their social and economic contexts, and their environment.
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| 26. |
- Lindvall, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Ash as a phosphorus fertilizer to reed canary grass: effects of nutrient and heavy metal composition on plant and soil
- 2015
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In: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 7, s. 553-564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fertilization effects and risks of heavy metal enrichment were studied in a field experiment, in which plots of reed canary grass (RCG) were treated annually with three different fertilizers: Ash from co-combustion of RCG and municipal wastes (mixed ash), pure RCG ash, and commercial fertilizer (control). RCG ash is a waste product that is currently expensive to dispose of. The amounts of nutrients applied annually were 100kgha(-1)N, 15kgha(-1) P, and 80kgha(-1)K in all treatments. In the ash treatments, all P derived from ash, whereas N and part of the K were supplemented by fertilizers. The amount of heavy metals exceeded the limits set by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency for all elements analyzed in the mixed ash and for Ni and Cr in the RCG ash. There were no significant differences between treatments in terms of RCG dry matter yield obtained at harvest in spring, or in heavy metal concentrations in the biomass. Soil samples from 0-5cm, 5-10cm, and 10-20cm below the surface showed significant differences between treatments for the concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, with higher concentrations in plots fertilized with mixed ash than in the control. Neither spring yield nor soil available P was reduced by using ash instead of mineral P fertilizer, suggesting that pure RCG ash can be used to complement commercial fertilizer, albeit less frequently than here. However, ash derived from co-combusting RCG with different waste materials (mixed ash treatment) should not be used in RCG production due to the high heavy metal content.
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| 27. |
- Melin, Eva O., et al.
(author)
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Affect school and script analysis versus basic body awareness therapy in the treatment of psychological symptoms in patients with diabetes and high HbA1c concentrations : two study protocols for two randomized controlled trials
- 2016
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In: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Depression is linked with alexithymia, anxiety, high HbA1c concentrations, disturbances of cortisol secretion, increased prevalence of diabetes complications and all-cause mortality. The psycho-educational method 'affect school with script analysis' and the mind-body therapy 'basic body awareness treatment' will be trialled in patients with diabetes, high HbA1c concentrations and psychological symptoms. The primary outcome measure is change in symptoms of depression. Secondary outcome measures are changes in HbA1c concentrations, midnight salivary cortisol concentration, symptoms of alexithymia, anxiety, self-image measures, use of antidepressants, incidence of diabetes complications and mortality. Methods: Two studies will be performed. Study I is an open-labeled parallel-group study with a two-arm randomized controlled trial design. Patients are randomized to either affect school with script analysis or to basic body awareness treatment. According to power calculations, 64 persons are required in each intervention arm at the last follow-up session. Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were recruited from one hospital diabetes outpatient clinic in 2009. The trial will be completed in 2016. Study II is a multicentre open-labeled parallel-group three-arm randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomized to affect school with script analysis, to basic body awareness treatment, or to treatment as usual. Power calculations show that 70 persons are required in each arm at the last follow-up session. Patients with type 2 diabetes will be recruited from primary care. This study will start in 2016 and finish in 2023. For both studies, the inclusion criteria are: HbA1c concentration >= 62.5 mmol/mol; depression, alexithymia, anxiety or a negative self-image; age 18-59 years; and diabetes duration >= 1 year. The exclusion criteria are pregnancy, severe comorbidities, cognitive deficiencies or inadequate Swedish. Depression, anxiety, alexithymia and self-image are assessed using self-report instruments. HbA1c concentration, midnight salivary cortisol concentration, blood pressure, serum lipid concentrations and anthropometrics are measured. Data are collected from computerized medical records and the Swedish national diabetes and causes of death registers. Discussion: Whether the "affect school with script analysis" will reduce psychological symptoms, increase emotional awareness and improve diabetes related factors will be tried, and compared to "basic body awareness treatment" and treatment as usual.
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| 28. |
- Pearce, Neil E, et al.
(author)
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IARC Monographs : 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans
- 2015
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In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 123:6, s. 507-514
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Recently the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that IARC Working Groups' failures to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans.OBJECTIVES: The authors of this paper are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We have examined here criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. We review the history of IARC evaluations and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed.DISCUSSION: We conclude that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various discipline and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed.CONCLUSIONS: The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public's health.
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| 29. |
- Rahmatov, Mahbubjon, et al.
(author)
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Stem Rust Resistance in 1BL.1RS and 2RL.2BS Double Wheat-Rye Translocation Lines
- 2015
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In: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding. - 1212-1975. ; 51, s. 148-154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The wheat stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, is a significant and devastating disease of wheat crops worldwide. Wheat has many wild relatives in which to source new resistance genes, including the cereal crop of rye in the tertiary genepool. The aim of this study was to assess the reaction of 1BL.1RS and 2RL.2BS double wheat-rye translocation lines to virulent stem rust races from Africa and North America. BC1F3 and BC1F4 populations from a cross between the line KR99-139 (a double wheat-rye translocation line with 1BL.1RS and 2RL.2BS) and the bread wheat cultivar Topper were used in the study. Several of the populations homozygous for 1BL. 1RS and heterozygous for 2RL.2BS showed resistance and low severity adult plant resistance (20RMR-50MSS) to the African stem rust race TTKSK in the field. None of the tested populations with varying chromosome combinations showed seedling resistance to any of the tested stem rust races. Thus, these resistant populations likely carry gene/s effective at the adult plant stage since all stage resistance genes with major effect appear to be absent based on the seedling assays. Resistant lines combined three chromosomes (1RS, 2RS and 2BS) which make their direct use in breeding more complicated. Mapping studies followed by potential transfer of genes between 2R and 2B will make the identified minor genes more useful in wheat breeding.
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| 30. |
- Runow Stark, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Brush Biopsy For HR-HPV Detection With FTA Card And AI For Cytology Analysis - A Viable Non-invasive Alternative
- 2018
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In: EAOM2018.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Oral cancer accounts for about 800-1,000 new cases each year in Sweden and the ratio of cancer related to high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is increasing in the younger population due to changes in sexual habits. The most two frequent HR-HPV types 16 and 18 have both significant oncogenic potential.Objectives: In this pilot study we evaluate two non-invasive automated methods; 1) detection of HR-HPV using FTA cards, and 2) image scanning of cytology for detection of premalignant lesions as well as eradicate the early stage of neoplasia.Material and Methods: 160 patients with verified HR-HPV oropharyngeal cancer, previous ano-genital HR-HPV-infection or potentially malignant oral disorder were recruited for non-invasive brush sampling and analyzed with two validated automated methods both used in cervix cancer screening. For analysis of HR-HPV DNA the indicating FTA elute micro cardTM were used for dry collection, transportation and storage of the brush samples. For analysis of cell morphology changes an automated liquid base Cytology method (Preserve Cyt) combined with deep learning computer aided technique was used.Results: Preliminary results show that the FTA-method is reliable and indicates that healthy and malignant brush samples can be separated by image analysis. Conclusions: With further development of these fully automated methods, it is possible to implement a National Screening Program of the oral mucosa, and thereby select patients for further investigation in order to find lesions with potential malignancy in an early stage.
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| 31. |
- Sjöberg Forssberg, Karin
(author)
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Att skapa drivkrafter för lärande och förändring : En studie om jämställdhetsintegrering och dess förutsättningar i en kommun
- 2016
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Jämställdhetsintegrering är den huvudsakliga strategin för att uppnå de jämställdhetspolitiska målen i Sverige. Trots att strategin använts i drygt 20 år finns relativt lite forskning om praktiskt arbete med jämställdhetsintegrering. Syftet med denna avhandling är att, utifrån ett lärperspektiv, som har sin grund i verksamhetsteori, studera och bidra med kunskap om jämställdhetsintegreringsarbete och dess förutsättningar i en kommun. I studien görs en empirisk analys av jämställdhetsintegreringsarbetet i en kommun, som bedömts ligga i framkant när det gäller arbete med jämställdhetsintegrering. Avhandlingens frågeställningar är: 1. Hur organiseras och genomförs jämställdhetsintegreringsarbetet i kommunen? 2. Vilka förutsättningar underlättar respektive försvårar jämställdhetsintegreringsarbetet i kommunen? Kommunen deltog under tiden för insamlingen av data (2011 – 2013) i Program för Hållbar Jämställdhet, regeringens hittills enskilt största jämställdhetssatsning. Studien genomfördes utifrån en interaktiv forskningsansats i form av en kvalitativ fallstudie. Datainsamlingen baseras på intervjuer med 36 personer som representerade olika nivåer och funktioner i kommunen. I analysen har kommunens arbete med jämställdhetsintegrering studerats som en relation mellan två verksamhetssystem. Det ena verksamhetssystemet utgjordes av kommunkoncernen med två förvaltningar i fokus och det andra av den utvecklingsorganisation som utformades. Resultaten visar att utvecklingsorganisationen i hög grad bidrog till jämställdhetsintegreringsarbetet i kommunen, då det över tid uppstod olika motsättningar mellan de två verksamhetssystemen. Dessa motsättningar kan sägas ha satt igång expansiva lärprocesser, vilka bidrog till att arbetet med jämställdhetsintegrering påbörjades, och givet vissa förutsättningar, hölls vid liv. Motsättningarna kan ses som förutsättningar som både underlättade och försvårade jämställdhetsintegreringsarbetet. Motsättningar identifierades mellan politiska intentioner och lokalt utvecklingsarbete, mellan abstrakt och konkret jämställdhetsintegreringsarbete och i form av emergenta (framväxande) motsättningar. I studien dras några slutsatser. Den första är att planerade interventioner som sätter igång ett expansivt lärande behövs för att driva och fördjupa arbete med jämställdhetsintegrering. Sådana interventioner kan skapa motsättningar inom verksamheterna. Verksamheternas förmåga att hantera motsättningarna är avgörande för verksamheternas utveckling. En andra slutsats är att planerade stödaktiviteter är en förutsättning för att hantera de motsättningar som skapas av de planerade interventionerna. En handlingsberedskap behövs även för att ta hand om de oplanerade motsättningar som växer fram (emergenta), vilka annars riskerar att försvåra arbetet. Genom att skapa och hantera motsättningar inom verksamheter kan expansiva lärprocesser sättas igång, vilka i sin tur kan bidra till att verksamheterna, och inte enstaka individer förändras, vilket ökar möjligheterna att ge en mer jämställd service. Eftersom både yttre och inre tryck ofta saknas eller är svagt när det gäller jämställdhetsarbete är behovet av att skapa drivkrafter för arbetet stort.
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| 32. |
- Ström Holst, Bodil, et al.
(author)
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Inflammatory changes during canine pregnancy
- 2019
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In: Theriogenology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-691X .- 1879-3231. ; 125, s. 285-292
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pregnancy is considered a pro-inflammatory state that requires physiologic adaptation of the immune system of the mother. The aim of the present study was to study inflammatory and hormonal changes during canine pregnancy. Studies included analyses of peripheral concentrations of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP), the hormones progesterone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), hemoglobin, and analyses of the total leukocyte numbers and expression of cell surface antigens. Twenty bitches were included in the present study; 12 pregnant bitches and eight nonpregnant control bitches that were followed during the corresponding phase of the oestrous cycle. Blood samples were collected at the day of optimal mating (day 0) and then on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42. Progesterone, IGF-I and CRP were analysed in serum and fibrinogen in EDTA plasma. Haematology and leukocyte expression of a panel of inflammation-associated adhesion molecules (CD 11a, CD 18 and CD 49d) were evaluated from EDTA blood. The data were analyzed as repeated-measures data, using a mixed model approach. Progesterone varied with time in both pregnant and control bitches, and IGF-I varied with time in pregnant bitches. Both fibrinogen and CRP increased significantly with time for the pregnant bitches, but no significant change was detected for the control bitches. Increases were seen from day 21. The hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly with time in both pregnant and non-pregnant bitches. The neutrophil and monocyte numbers increased significantly in pregnant but not in control bitches. Pregnancy induced increased granulocyte expression of cell surface marker CD 18, increased monocyte expression of CD 18 and CD 49d, and increased lymphocyte expression of CD 49d. In conclusion, we describe inflammatory changes during canine pregnancy that are manifested as increases in concentrations of CRP and fibrinogen, an increase in neutrophils and monocytes, and in activation of granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. The changes should be taken into account when evaluating concentrations of APPS and WBC in bitches during pregnancy. A variation in IGF-I concentrations was detected during pregnancy.
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| 33. |
- Økland Sortland, Merete, et al.
(author)
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Kvalitet i barnehagelærerutdanning i naturvitenskap : en fellesnordisk studiemodul
- 2017
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In: NorDiNa. - 1504-4556 .- 1894-1257. ; 13:1, s. 97-111
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents a new joint Nordic study module consisting of a theoretical framework, the kindergarten teacher students’ case study and a reflection talk, in natural science for the kinder-garten teacher education. The module is developed through an interdisciplinary collaboration in the Nordplus network: Learning of science concepts by kindergarten children: Nordic study module for the kindergarten teacher education (NATGREP), with science and quality in the kindergarten teacher education in focus. The introduction describes the Nordic kindergartens shortly, and concepts as quality and competence are shortly discussed. It is followed by the module’s theoretical framework. Then the study module’s development process is described accompanied by reflections of the student’s case studies in relation to the theoretical framework. At the end, the work with the study module is summarised, and the main conclusion is that the study module contributes positively to the students’ skills development, both in science and quality.
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| 34. |
- Økland Sortland, Merete, et al.
(author)
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Kvalitet i barnehagelærerutdanning i naturvitenskap : en fellesnordisk studiemodul
- 2017
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In: NorDiNaNordic Studies in Science Education. - 1504-4556. ; 13:1, s. 97-111
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents a new joint Nordic study module consisting of a theoretical framework, the kindergarten teacher students’ case study and a reflection talk, in natural science for the kinder-garten teacher education. The module is developed through an interdisciplinary collaboration in the Nordplus network: Learning of science concepts by kindergarten children: Nordic study module for the kindergarten teacher education (NATGREP), with science and quality in the kindergarten teacher education in focus. The introduction describes the Nordic kindergartens shortly, and concepts as quality and competence are shortly discussed. It is followed by the module’s theoretical framework. Then the study module’s development process is described accompanied by reflections of the student’s case studies in relation to the theoretical framework. At the end, the work with the study module is summarised, and the main conclusion is that the study module contributes positively to the students’ skills development, both in science and quality.
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