| 1. |
- Fidalgo, André, et al.
(författare)
-
Using remote labs to serve different teacher's needs : A case study with VISIR and RemotElectLab
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote Laboratories are an emergent technological and pedagogical tool at all education levels, and their widespread use is an important part of their own improvement and evolution. This paper describes several issues encountered on laboratorial classes, on higher education courses, when using remote laboratories based on PXI systems, either using the VISIR system or an alternate in-house solution. Three main issues are presented and explained, all reported by teachers that gave support to students use of remote laboratories. The first issue deals with the need to allow students to select the actual place where an ammeter is to be inserted on electric circuits, even incorrectly, therefore emulating real world difficulties. The second one deals with problems with timing when several measurements are required at short intervals, as in the discharge cycle of a capacitor. And the last issue deals with the use of a multimeter in DC mode when reading AC values, a use that collides with the lab settings. All scenarios are presented and discussed including the solution found for each case. The conclusion derived from the described work is that the remote laboratories area is an expanding field, where practical use leads to improvement and evolution of the available solutions, requiring a strict cooperation and information sharing between all actors, i.e. developers, teachers and students.
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| 2. |
- Marques, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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How Remote Labs Impact on Courses Outcomes : Various Practices Using VISIR
- 2014
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Education. - : IEEE. - 0018-9359. ; 57:3, s. 151-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As technology is increasingly being seen as a facilitator to learning, open remote laboratories are increasingly available and in widespread use around the world. They provide some advantages over traditional hands-on labs or simulations. This paper presents the results of integrating the open remote laboratory VISIR into several courses, in various contexts and using various methodologies. These integrations, all related to higher education engineering, were designed by teachers with different perspectives to achieve a range of learning outcomes. The degree to which these VISIR-related outcomes were accomplished is discussed. The results reflect the levels of student engagement and learning and of teacher involvement. From the analysis, a connection between these two aspects was traced, although only related to the user profiles. VISIR is shown to be always of benefit for more motivated students, but this benefit can be maximized under particular conditions and characteristics.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Godoy, Patricio, et al.
(författare)
-
Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 87:8, s. 1315-1530
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4 alpha, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4 alpha), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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| 5. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Amyloid-β metabolism in Niemann-Pick C disease models and patients.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Metabolic brain disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7365 .- 0885-7490. ; 27:4, s. 573-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal disease with altered cellular lipid trafficking. The metabolism of amyloid-β (Aβ) - previously mainly studied in Alzheimer's disease - has been suggested to be altered in NPC. Here we aimed to perform a detailed characterization of metabolic products from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in NPC models and patients. We used multiple analytical technologies, including immunoassays and immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) to characterize Aβ peptides and soluble APP fragments (sAPP-α/β) in cell media from pharmacologically (U18666A) and genetically (NPC1 ( -/- ) ) induced NPC cell models, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from NPC cats and human patients. The pattern of Aβ peptides and sAPP-α/β fragments in cell media was differently affected by NPC-phenotype induced by U18666A treatment and by NPC1 ( -/- ) genotype. U18666A treatment increased the secreted media levels of sAPP-α, AβX-40 and AβX-42 and reduced the levels of sAPP-β, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, while IP-MS showed increased relative levels of Aβ5-38 and Aβ5-40 in response to treatment. NPC1 ( -/- ) cells had reduced media levels of sAPP-α and Aβ1-16, and increased levels of sAPP-β. NPC cats had altered CSF distribution of Aβ peptides compared with normal cats. Cats treated with the potential disease-modifying compound 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin had increased relative levels of short Aβ peptides including Aβ1-16 compared with untreated cats. NPC patients receiving β-cyclodextrin had reduced levels over time of CSF Aβ1-42, AβX-38, AβX-40, AβX-42 and sAPP-β, as well as reduced levels of the axonal damage markers tau and phosphorylated tau. We conclude that NPC models have altered Aβ metabolism, but with differences across experimental systems, suggesting that NPC1-loss of function, such as in NPC1 ( -/- ) cells, or NPC1-dysfunction, seen in NPC patients and cats as well as in U18666A-treated cells, may cause subtle but different effects on APP degradation pathways. The preliminary findings from NPC cats suggest that treatment with cyclodextrin may have an impact on APP processing pathways. CSF Aβ, sAPP and tau biomarkers were dynamically altered over time in human NPC patients.
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| 6. |
- Yngman-Uhlin, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Circling around in tiredness : perspectives of patients on peritoneal dialysis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nephrology Nursing Journal. - : Journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association. - 1526-744X .- 2163-5390. ; 37:4, s. 407-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experience of tiredness linked to poor sleep in patients on peritoneal dialysis was explored using the qualitative method phenomenology. Eight women and six men in southeast Sweden were interviewed. The patients' descriptions were characterized by a circular structure "circling around in tiredness." This study illustrates the problems of tiredness and illuminates the need for healthcare professionals to assess the impact of tiredness and highlight the need for strategies to improve the patient's situation.
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| 7. |
- Agemark, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstitution of water channel function and 2D-crystallization of human aquaporin 8.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002 .- 0005-2736. ; 1818:3, s. 839-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the thirteen human aquaporins (AQP0-12), the primary structure of AQP8 is unique. By sequence alignment it is evident that mammalian AQP8s form a separate subfamily distinct from the other mammalian aquaporins. The constriction region of the pore determining the solute specificity deviates in AQP8 making it permeable to both ammonia and H(2)O(2) in addition to water. To better understand the selectivity and gating mechanism of aquaporins, high-resolution structures are necessary. So far, the structure of one human aquaporin (HsAQP5) has been solved at atomic resolution. For mammalian aquaporins in general, high-resolution structures are only available for those belonging to the water-specific subfamily (including HsAQP5). Thus, it is of interest to solve structures of other aquaporin subfamily members with different solute specificities. To achieve this the aquaporins need to be overexpressed heterologously and purified. Here we use the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as a host for the overexpression. A wide screen of different detergents and detergent-lipid combinations resulted in the solubilization of functional human AQP8 protein and in well-ordered 2D crystals. It also became evident that removal of amino acids constituting affinity tags was crucial to achieve highly ordered 2D crystals diffracting to 3Å.
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| 8. |
- Albin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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0253 Hairdressers are occupationally exposed to ortho- and meta- toluidine
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 71 Suppl 1, s. 32-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hairdressing work is classified as carcinogenic based on excess risk for bladder cancer. We aimed at evaluating if current hairdressers are exposed to established/suspected bladder carcinogens (aromatic amines) and indicate possible sources of exposure.
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| 9. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Projektledning
- 2013
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
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| 10. |
- Andrén, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
The occurrence of noncoagulating milk and the association of bovine milk coagulation properties with genetic variants of the caseins in 3 Scandinavian dairy breeds
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 96:8, s. 4830-4842
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substantial variation in milk coagulation properties has been observed among dairy cows. Consequently, raw milk from individual cows and breeds exhibits distinct coagulation capacities that potentially affect the technological properties and milk processing into cheese. This variation is largely influenced by protein composition, which is in turn affected by underlying genetic polymorphisms in the major milk proteins. In this study, we conducted a large screening on 3 major Scandinavian breeds to resolve the variation in milk coagulation traits and the frequency of milk with impaired coagulation properties (noncoagulation). In total, individual coagulation properties were measured on morning milk collected from 1,299 Danish Holstein (DH), Danish Jersey (DJ), and Swedish Red (SR) cows. The 3 breeds demonstrated notable interbreed differences in coagulation properties, with DJ cows exhibiting superior coagulation compared with the other 2 breeds. In addition, milk samples from 2% of DH and 16% of SR cows were classified as noncoagulating. Furthermore, the cows were genotyped for major genetic variants in the alpha(S1)- (CSN1S1), beta- (CSN2), and kappa-casein (CSN3) genes, revealing distinct differences in variant frequencies among breeds. Allele I of CSN2, which had not formerly been screened in such a high number of cows in these Scandinavian breeds, showed a frequency around 7% in DH and DJ, but was not detected in SR. Genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with curd firming rate and rennet coagulation time. Thus, CSN1S1 C, CSN2 B, and CSN3 B positively affected milk coagulation, whereas CSN2 A(2), in particular, had a negative effect. In addition to the influence of individual casein genes, the effects of CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN3 composite genotypes were also examined, and revealed strong associations in all breeds, which more or less reflected the single gene results. Overall, milk coagulation is under the influence of additive genetic variation. Optimal milk for future cheese production can be ensured by monitoring the frequency of unfavorable variants and thus preventing an increase in the number of cows producing milk with impaired coagulation. Selective breeding for variants associated with superior milk coagulation can potentially increase raw milk quality and cheese yield in all 3 Scandinavian breeds.
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| 11. |
- Anving, Terese, et al.
(författare)
-
Informationskompetens – generella färdigheter för fördjupat lärande
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings, Lunds universitets utvecklingskonferens 11. - 9789197797467 ; , s. 107-116
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Förmågan att effektivt utnyttja och kritiskt förhålla sig till olika informationsresurser – ”information literacy” eller informationskompetens – är en central färdighet i det moderna samhället. Det utgör också en allt viktigare del av lärandet i högre utbildning. Syftet med detta paper är tvåfaldigt: 1) att problematisera relationen mellan informationskompetens som en generell färdighet och mer specifika ämnesorienterade kunskaper och färdigheter; 2) ge exempel på och utveckla redskap för lärare att på ett ämnesmässigt integrerat sätt arbeta med, utveckla och examinera studenternas informationskompetens. Ett huvudspår i framställningen är att synliggöra hur träningen i informationskompetens kan stimulera och hjälpa studenterna till fördjupade ämneskunskaper.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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New ways of organizing product introductions
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 4856-4861, s. 4856-4861
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe and reflect on an interactive research approach used to address the challenges on how to improve product introductions, the part of the product realization process associated with the transfer of a product from product development to serial production. In the interactive research approach, research results as well as improvement of practice are given equal importance. The collaboration between researchers and practitioners therefore addresses both the focus and the process of the change. The approach includes four main iterative steps: 1) mapping/diagnosis, 2) feedback of results, 3) participation in development activities, and 4) follow-up/evaluation. The paper reports findings from interactive research in one company within office product industry and one company group, consisting of three company units within the engine industry. Preliminary findings indicate that the participating companies afterwards work in a more structured way with product introductions and that the employees have gained deeper knowledge about product introductions as well as experienced the advantages of working across functional boundaries. Furthermore, the interactive research approach is suitable to run projects from an ergonomics perspective as it focuses on developing both practice and theory, it is human-centered, and it emphasizes broad participation from practitioners.
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| 14. |
- Bernander, Karl B., et al.
(författare)
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Improving the stochastic watershed
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Pattern Recognition Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8655 .- 1872-7344. ; 34:9, s. 993-1000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stochastic watershed is an unsupervised segmentation tool recently proposed by Angulo and Jeulin. By repeated application of the seeded watershed with randomly placed markers, a probability density function for object boundaries is created. In a second step, the algorithm then generates a meaningful segmentation of the image using this probability density function. The method performs best when the image contains regions of similar size, since it tends to break up larger regions and merge smaller ones. We propose two simple modifications that greatly improve the properties of the stochastic watershed: (1) add noise to the input image at every iteration, and (2) distribute the markers using a randomly placed grid. The noise strength is a new parameter to be set, but the output of the algorithm is not very sensitive to this value. In return, the output becomes less sensitive to the two parameters of the standard algorithm. The improved algorithm does not break up larger regions, effectively making the algorithm useful for a larger class of segmentation problems.
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| 15. |
- Berthomier, M., et al.
(författare)
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Alfven : magnetosphere-ionosphere connection explorers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 33:2-3, s. 445-489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aurorae are dynamic, luminous displays that grace the night skies of Earth's high latitude regions. The solar wind emanating from the Sun is their ultimate energy source, but the chain of plasma physical processes leading to auroral displays is complex. The special conditions at the interface between the solar wind-driven magnetosphere and the ionospheric environment at the top of Earth's atmosphere play a central role. In this Auroral Acceleration Region (AAR) persistent electric fields directed along the magnetic field accelerate magnetospheric electrons to the high energies needed to excite luminosity when they hit the atmosphere. The "ideal magnetohydrodynamics" description of space plasmas which is useful in much of the magnetosphere cannot be used to understand the AAR. The AAR has been studied by a small number of single spacecraft missions which revealed an environment rich in wave-particle interactions, plasma turbulence, and nonlinear acceleration processes, acting on a variety of spatio-temporal scales. The pioneering 4-spacecraft Cluster magnetospheric research mission is now fortuitously visiting the AAR, but its particle instruments are too slow to allow resolve many of the key plasma physics phenomena. The Alfv,n concept is designed specifically to take the next step in studying the aurora, by making the crucial high-time resolution, multi-scale measurements in the AAR, needed to address the key science questions of auroral plasma physics. The new knowledge that the mission will produce will find application in studies of the Sun, the processes that accelerate the solar wind and that produce aurora on other planets.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Engström, Annika
(författare)
-
Lärande samspel för effektivitet : En studie av arbetsgrupper i ett mindre industriföretag
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En viktig arena för samspel kring känsliga gränssnitt (marknad – konstruktion – produktion) i industrin är olika möten där arbetsgrupper kommer samman kring uppgifter. Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra med kunskap om samspel som sker inom och mellan arbetsgrupper i deras hantering av uppgifter i mindre industriföretag (SME) och vilken betydelse samspelet har för lärande och effektivitet i verksamheten. Studien har närmare bestämt fokus på följande frågeställningar: 1. Vad karaktäriserar samspelet inom och mellan arbetsgrupper som det kommer till uttryck i olika möten? 2. Vilka faktorer underlättar respektive försvårar samspelet inom och mellan arbetsgrupper? 3. Vilka konsekvenser får olika typer av samspel för lärande och effektivitet i arbetsgrupper och i organisationer? Studien utgår från ett kritiskt realistiskt perspektiv på lärande i organisationer samt tidigare forskning om lärande, kommunikation och effektivitet i grupper och organisationer. Studien genomfördes under perioden 2008-2010 och var upplagd utifrån en kvalitativ och interaktiv forskningsansats. Datainsamlingen baserades på intervjuer, observationer av videofilmade möten samt frågeformulär. Analysen rör sig mellan två nivåer: samspel inom grupper samt mellan grupper på organisationsnivå. Samspelet inom och mellan grupper analyserades utifrån kontextuella faktorer och med fokus på i vad mån olika kommunikationsmönster kunde kopplas till olika typer av lärande och effektivitet i verksamheten. Ett rationalistiskt effektivitetsperspektiv utmanas till förmån för ett humanistiskt perspektiv där lärandet är en viktig aspekt. Tre slutsatser dras: Effektivitet grundar sig i att kommunikationsmönster och ledning anpassas efter det behov uppgiften för stunden kräver - utförande eller utveckling. Återkoppling och personliga länkar mellan grupper behöver översyn och ledningsrutiner för att underlätta samspelet. Diskrepanser (motsättningar, konflikter och störningar) som synliggörs i organisationen leder till utveckling. De som förblir i det dolda stör utförandet.
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| 18. |
- Fagerlind, Anna-Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Experience of work-related flow : Does high decision latitude enhance benefits gained from job resources?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vocational Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0001-8791 .- 1095-9084. ; 83:2, s. 161-170
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow is an experience of enjoyment, intrinsic motivation and absorption, which may occur in situations involving high challenges and high skill utilization. This study investigated the likelihood of experiencing work-related flow in relation to the job strain categories of the demand–control model, and to job resources such as social capital and an innovative learning climate. A questionnaire was sent out to employees in nine Swedish organizations (n = 3667, 57% response rate). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed. The results show that active jobs, low-strain jobs, a high degree of social capital and innovative learning climate increased the likelihood of experiencing work-related flow. In jobs with high decision latitude, regardless of demands, there was an increased likelihood to benefit from social capital and an innovative learning climate. The results emphasize the importance of autonomy and skill utilization, to enable the use of additional job resources in order to promote work-related flow and well-being at work.
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| 19. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 20. |
- Gustavsson, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in mice retinal vessels is affected by both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inflammation has been proposed to be important in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. An early feature of inflammation is the release of cytokines leading to increased expression of endothelial activation markers such as vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Here we investigated the impact of diabetes and dyslipidemia on VCAM-1 expression in mouse retinal vessels, as well as the potential role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Expression of VCAM-1 was examined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in vessels of wild type (wt), hyperlipidemic (ApoE(-/-)) and TNFα deficient (TNFα(-/-), ApoE(-/-)/TNFα(-/-)) mice. Eight weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in increased VCAM-1 in wt mice, predominantly in small vessels (<10 µm). Diabetic wt mice had higher total retinal TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA than controls; as well as higher soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) in plasma. Lack of TNFα increased higher basal VCAM-1 protein and sVCAM-1, but failed to up-regulate IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA and VCAM-1 protein in response to diabetes. Basal VCAM-1 expression was higher in ApoE(-/-) than in wt mice and both VCAM-1 mRNA and protein levels were further increased by high fat diet. These changes correlated to plasma cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, but not to triglycerides levels. Diabetes, despite further increasing plasma cholesterol in ApoE(-/-) mice, had no effects on VCAM-1 protein expression or on sVCAM-1. However, it increased ICAM-1 mRNA expression in retinal vessels, which correlated to plasma triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Hyperglycemia triggers an inflammatory response in the retina of normolipidemic mice and up-regulation of VCAM-1 in retinal vessels. Hypercholesterolemia effectively promotes VCAM-1 expression without evident stimulation of inflammation. Diabetes-induced endothelial activation in ApoE(-/-) mice seems driven by elevated plasma triglycerides but not by cholesterol. Results also suggest a complex role for TNFα in the regulation of VCAM-1 expression, being protective under basal conditions but pro-inflammatory in response to diabetes.
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| 21. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of breed and casein genetic variants on protein profile in milk from Swedish Red, Danish Holstein, and Danish Jersey cows.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 97:6, s. 3866-3877
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In selecting cows for higher milk yields and milk quality, it is important to understand how these traits are affected by the bovine genome. The major milk proteins exhibit genetic polymorphism and these genetic variants can serve as markers for milk composition, milk production traits, and technological properties of milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between casein (CN) genetic variants and detailed protein composition in Swedish and Danish dairy milk. Milk and DNA samples were collected from approximately 400 individual cows each of 3 Scandinavian dairy breeds: Swedish Red (SR), Danish Holstein (DH), and Danish Jersey (DJ). The protein profile with relative concentrations of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and αS1-, αS2-, κ-, and β-CN was determined for each milk sample using capillary zone electrophoresis. The genetic variants of the αS1- (CSN1S1), β- (CSN2), and κ-CN (CSN3) genes for each cow were determined using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Univariate statistical models were used to evaluate the effects of composite genetic variants, αS1-β-κ-CN, on the protein profile. The 3 studied Scandinavian breeds differed from each other regarding CN genotypes, with DH and SR having similar genotype frequencies, whereas the genotype frequencies in DJ differed from the other 2 breeds. The similarities in genotype frequencies of SR and DH and differences compared with DJ were also seen in milk production traits, gross milk composition, and protein profile. Frequencies of the most common composite αS1-β-κ-CN genotype BB/A(2)A(2)/AA were 30% in DH and 15% in SR, and cows that had this genotype gave milk with lower relative concentrations of κ- and β-CN and higher relative concentrations of αS-CN, than the majority of the other composite genotypes in SR and DH. The effect of composite genotypes on relative concentrations of the milk proteins was not as pronounced in DJ. The present work suggests that a higher frequency of BB/A(1)A(2)/AB, together with a decrease in BB/A(2)A(2)/AA, could have positive effects on DH and SR milk regarding, for example, the processing of cheese.
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| 22. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing chymosin-induced gelation of milk from individual dairy cows: Major effects of casein micelle size and calcium
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Dairy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-6946 .- 1879-0143. ; 39:1, s. 201-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimisation of cheese yield is crucial for cheese production; a previous study showed large variations in chymosin-induced coagulation in milk from the second most common Swedish dairy breed, Swedish Red. In the present study, the effect of gross composition, protein composition, total and ionic calcium content, phosphorous content and casein micelle size on chymosin-induced gelation was determined in milk from 98 Swedish Red cows. The study showed that protein content and total calcium content, ionic calcium concentration and casein micelle size were the most important factors explaining the variation of gelation properties in this sample set. Non-coagulating milk was suggested to have lower ionic and total calcium content as well as lower relative concentrations of beta-lactoglobulin than coagulating milk. The lower total calcium content in non-coagulating milk poses a problem as the difference was, theoretically, four times larger than the amount of calcium that is normally added in cheese processing. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic parameters for rennet- and acid-induced coagulation properties in milk from Swedish Red dairy cows.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 97:8, s. 5219-5229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Milk coagulation is an important processing trait, being the basis for production of both cheese and fermented products. There is interest in including technological properties of these products in the breeding goal for dairy cattle. The aim of the present study was therefore to estimate genetic parameters for milk coagulation properties, including both rennet- and acid-induced coagulation, in Swedish Red dairy cattle using genomic relationships. Morning milk samples and blood samples were collected from 395 Swedish Red cows that were selected to be as genetically unrelated as possible. Using a rheometer, milk samples were analyzed for rennet- and acid-induced coagulation properties, including gel strength (G'), coagulation time, and yield stress (YS). In addition to the technological traits, milk composition was analyzed. A binary trait was created to reflect that milk samples that had not coagulated 40 min after rennet addition were considered noncoagulating milk. The cows were genotyped by using the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Almost 600,000 markers remained after quality control and were used to construct a matrix of genomic relationships among the cows. Multivariate models including fixed effects of herd, lactation stage, and parity were fitted using the ASReml software to obtain estimates of heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations. Heritability estimates (h(2)) for G' and YS in rennet and acid gels were found to be high (h(2) = 0.38-0.62) and the genetic correlations between rennet-induced and acid-induced coagulation properties were weak but favorable, with the exception of YSrennet with G'acid and YSacid, both of which were strong. The high heritability (h(2) = 0.45) for milk coagulating ability expressed as a binary trait suggests that noncoagulation could be eliminated through breeding. Additionally, the results indicated that the current breeding objective could increase the frequency of noncoagulating milk and lead to deterioration of acid-induced coagulation through unfavorable genetic associations with protein content (0.38) and milk yield (-0.61 to -0.71), respectively. The outcome of this study suggests that by including more detailed compositional traits genetically associated with milk coagulation or by including milk coagulation properties directly within the breeding goal, it appears possible to breed cows that produce milk better suited for production of cheese and fermented products.
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| 24. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of genetic variants of milk proteins on chymosin-induced gelation properties of milk from individual cows of Swedish Red dairy cattle
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Dairy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-6946 .- 1879-0143. ; 39:1, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chymosin-induced gelation properties of the milk of around 400 Swedish Red dairy cows was investigated with the aim of identifying genetic protein variants that influence chymosin-induced gelation for optimisation of cheese milk through breeding practices. The variation in chymosin-induced gelation properties was shown to be large in the milk of Swedish Red and there was a high frequency of cows producing non-coagulating milk, 18%. The present study showed that the common composite beta-kappa-casein genotypes A(1)A(2)/AE and A(2)A(2)/AA were associated with both poor gelation properties and non-coagulation in the milk of Swedish Red. The present study suggests that if the frequencies of composite genotypes A(1)A(2)/AE and A(2)A(2)/AA were decreased in the Swedish Red population in favour for A(1)A(1)/AA and A(1)A(1)/AE, this could have a positive effect on the rennetability of the milk. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered learning environments in managerial work
- 2010
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Ingår i: Studies in the Education of Adults. - 0266-0830 .- 1478-9833. ; 42:2, s. 141-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim is to investigate female and male managers’ learning environments with particular focus on their opportunities for and barriers to learning and career development in the managerial work of a male-dominated industrial company. In the case study 42 managers, 15 women and 27 men in the company were interviewed. The findings demonstrate that the male managers were provided with significantly richer opportunities to participate in activities conducive to learning and career development than were female managers. The opportunities and barriers in terms of horizontal and vertical manager mobility, senior managers’ support, strategic networks, career system, freedom of action and gender stereotypes operated simultaneously as opportunities and barriers to learning and career development for the female and male managers, respectively. The conclusion is that the expansive-restrictive continuum developed by Fuller and Unwin (2004) does not cover the extent to which gender operates as a condition for learning and career development, nor the extent to which the gender order influences the learning environment. Therefore we suggest that the expansive-restrictive model of learning environments would benefit from incorporating or, at least considering, gender dimensions in order to form a gender-sensitive model to analyse learning environments in workplaces.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Gustavsson, Maria
(författare)
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Learning and propensity for changing the job situation during downsizing
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Workplace Learning. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1366-5626 .- 1758-7859. ; 24:7/8, s. 497-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – To investigate individuals’ learning and propensity for changing their job situation during downsizing in a company.Design/methodology/approach – A case study was carried out in an industrial company that had undergone major downsizing to adapt to changes in production. Approximately 100 employees retrained at the company’s training program and 350 employees received notice to quit their jobs. Data for this study consisted of qualitative interviews with 20 workers who faced different transition situations.Findings – Three general learning trajectories labelled stayers, leavers and reemployed leavers emerged as a consequence of the downsizing. The stayers were the individuals who remained at the company and later retrained to new jobs. The leavers were the individuals who more or less voluntarily left the company to start a new career. The reemployed leavers were dismissed and left involuntarily but were later reemployed at the company.Practical implications – In cases of downsizing it is important that the organization meets latent wishes for change and considers differentiated reactions connected to age, length of employment, former education, etc. among workers who face different transition situations.Originality/value – The results imply that the learning trajectories were shaped through participation, thus learning, in the transition program and workplace activities. Each worker has a specific history of experience which shape their disposition to learning and in which way they are able to adjust to a new job situation.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Gustavsson, Maria
(författare)
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Lärande i processoperatörsarbete : möjligheter och utmaningar
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lärande i arbetslivet. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. - 9789175192918 ; , s. 108-118
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är drygt femton år sedan Styrelsen för teknisk utveckling (STU), senare NUTEK, initierade det tioåriga forsknings- och utvecklingsprogrammet Driftsutvecklingssystem för Processindustrin (DUP). Programmet som pågick mellan 1987–1996 omfattade 100 projekt vilka fokuserade processoperatörens arbete, och hur dennes yrkesskicklighet togs tillvara och utvecklades inom processindustrin. Särskilt betonades operatörens förmåga att styra processer och dennes roll i utveckling av effektiva processtöd för att uppnå goda produktionsresultat. DUPprogrammets inriktning mot operatörens lärande och yrkesskicklighet parallellt med utformning av teknik engagerade en rad olika forskare från ett flertal discipliner. DUP-programmet ses som en av de första satsningarna där beteendevetare gavs möjlighet att forska under samma villkor som tekniker för att lösa disciplinöverskridande problem i processindustrin (Tengblad och Walldius, 2007). Per-Erik Ellström var en av forskarna i DUP-programmet som studerade yrkeskompetens och lärande i processoperatörers arbete. I denna text är min ambition att återvända till forskning om processoperatörers arbete och lärande, och särskilt diskutera möjligheter för lärande i högautomatiserad processindustri. Jag gör dock inte anspråk på att ge en heltäckande bild utan fokuserar på några frågor. De frågor jag ställer mig drygt femton år senare är: Har den relativt stabila bild av operatörsarbete som tidigare framträtt i forskningen förändrats? Vilka möjligheter för lärande finns i processoperatörsarbetet? Vilka lärutmaningar finns i processoperatörsarbetet om man blickar framåt?
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Gustavsson, Susanne, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative improvements in neonatal care
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Forum on Quality and Safety in healthcare, Paris..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This project was conducted at the children- and women division, Skaraborg Hospital, Sweden. The hospital has about 2500 births a year and 10 % of the newborns need neonatal care. The project was initiated at the neonatal ward but then expanded to comprise the maternity ward and the delivery unit as well. During the project, healthcare staff –nurses, midwifes and nursing assistants – collaborated with patients and their relatives. The patients that were involved were mothers with newborns as well as their partners.
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| 35. |
- Gustavsson, Susanne, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Parents improve healthcare for children with diabetes
- 2014
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Ingår i: 22nd International Conference on Health Promoting Hospitals and Health Services (HPH), 23-25 April, Barcelona.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Traditionally, healthcare professionals improve patient processes without participation from patients and their relatives. Sometimes patients get involved by completing a survey, but usually the questions are constructed, analyzed, and improvements prioritized by staff. What would happen if patients / relatives were invited to participate in the improvement process along with staff? Could this contribute to different sustainable improvements in healthcare?This project was conducted in a hospital with staff and parents to children with diabetes.Purpose/Method The purpose is to study experiences from an improvement project involving parents collaborating with staff.The research approach was participatory action research. In the improvement project, a model called experience-based co-design EBCD was used. The steps in the EBCD model are: •Catch the experience from healthcare professionals and relatives (interviews)•Understand the experience together (focus groups)•Improve the patient process collaboratively to achieve better experiences (improvement teams)•Evaluate the improvements in collaboration (group meeting)Results Healthcare professionals and parents each had different experiences from the patient process. The parents identified 24 improvement areas and the staff 16. Of these improvement areas, only 6 were common.In collaboration, they chose to work with seven improvement areas. For example, they worked with a checklist that contains skills required for nurses taking care of children with diabetes in the ward. They also started a local patient association for children with diabetes and their families which empowered them.Conclusions Healthcare professionals and patients have different perspectives of the patient process relative to their experiences. Patients and their families have important information that healthcare professionals do not think of. Many of the improvements were of simple nature but still important for the experience of the patient process. There were also complicated problems resolved that had a positive effect on patient safety. Both perspectives from healthcare professionals and relatives are paramount to achieve a holistic view of the patient process.
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| 36. |
- Gustavsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A cytochrome c- fusion protein domain for convenient detection, quantification and enhanced production of membrane proteins in Escherichia coli - expression and characterization of cytochrome-tagged complex I subunits
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Protein Science. - : Wiley. - 1469-896X .- 0961-8368. ; 19:8, s. 1445-1460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overproduction of membrane proteins can be a cumbersome task, particularly if high yields are desirable. NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) contains several very large membrane-spanning protein subunits that hitherto have been impossible to express individually in any appreciable amounts in Escherichia coli. The polypeptides contain no prosthetic groups and are poorly antigenic, making optimization of protein production a challenging task. In this work the C-terminal ends of the complex I subunits NuoH, NuoL, NuoM and NuoN from E. coli complex I and the bona fide antiporters MrpA and MrpD were genetically fused to the cytochrome c domain of Bacillus subtilis cytochrome c(550). Compared to other available fusion-protein tagging systems, the cytochrome c has several advantages. The heme is covalently bound, renders the proteins visible by optical spectroscopy, and can be used to monitor, quantify and determine the orientation of the polypeptides in a plethora of experiments. For the antiporter-like subunits NuoL, NuoM and NuoN and the real antiporters MrpA and MrpD, unprecedented amounts of holo-cytochrome fusion proteins could be obtained in E. coli. The NuoHcyt polypeptide was also efficiently produced, but heme insertion was less effective in this construct. The cytochrome c(550) domain in all the fusion proteins exhibited normal spectra and redox properties, with an E(m) of about +170 mV. The MrpA and MrpD antiporters remained functional after being fused to the cytochrome c-tag. Finally, a his-tag could be added to the cytochrome domain, without any perturbations to the cytochrome properties, allowing efficient purification of the overexpressed fusion proteins.
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| 37. |
- Halvarsson Lundkvist, Agneta
(författare)
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Styrning genom lärande : En studie av programutvecklingens dynamik i nationella program
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Runt om i världen pågår en rad utvecklingsprogram vars syfte är att stödja utvecklingsarbete i olika typer av verksamheter. Jag behandlar två sådana svenska nationella utvecklingsprogram och fokuserar lärandets betydelse för programmens utveckling. Programutvecklingen syftar till att förbättra stödmetoder och möjlighet att ge stöd till organisationer som ingår i programmet. Indirekt kan detta påverka möjligheten att uppnå de långsiktiga effekter som programmet syftar till. Det är dock alltid i deltagande organisationer1 som sådana effekter uppstår.Det finns ett antal rapporter som visar på svårigheten för externt finansierade utvecklingsprogram att nå de effekter som de syftar till (ITPS A2004–009; RiR-report 2005:6; SOU 2005:93, VA 2008:11, Göransson & Sundin 2006, Tillväxtverket: Rapport 0129, 2012). Det är således ett samhälleligt problem om kostsamma utvecklingsprogram inte levererar det de syftar till. Det gäller inte minst offentligt finansierade program. De skattepengar som satsas får då inte den utväxling som var tänkt. På senare år har det dock kommit rapporter om att önskade effekter visst nås – men att de är svåra att fånga då det ofta krävs på en rad av varandra följande utvecklingsprogram och projekt för att önskade effekter ska uppstå (Svensson m fl. 2013). Frågan om varför långsiktiga effekter uppstår i organisationer som stöttas av utvecklingsprogram torde därför fortfarande vara högaktuell.Forskning om omständigheter som påverkar långsiktiga effekter i stora utvecklingsprogram är följaktligen ett angeläget men relativt nytt forskningsområde. Forskningsområdet har paralleller med tidigare forskning om hållbara arbetssystem (Docherty m fl. 2009). Ett hållbart arbetssystem är ett system där de resurser som används regenereras. Det gäller såväl mänskliga som ekonomiska och ekologiska resurser (Stebbins & Shani 2009). Ett hållbart arbetssystem bygger på en hållbar utveckling. Hållbar utveckling (sustainable development) bygger på ständigt lärande (Shani & Docherty 2003). Det är följaktligen utveckling som håller över tid (pågår länge) vilket inte ska förväxlas med utveckling som leder till något som är hållbart (varaktigt). I ett hållbart arbetssystem anses ett brett lärande vara viktigt. Med brett lärande menas att många intressenter deltar i lärandet. (Stebbins & Shani 2009).Genom empiriska studier, av offentligt finansierade stora utvecklingsprogram, har drivkrafter som liknar de som ses som viktiga i hållbara arbetssystem även setts som betydelsefulla för ett hållbart utvecklingsarbete (Svensson m fl. 2007a). Ett hållbart utvecklingsarbete definierats här som ett utvecklingsarbete som inte förbrukar mänskliga eller ekonomiska resurser i onödan. Istället används resurser klokt för att lära av resultatet av tidigare utvecklingsarbete och för att fortsätta utveckla resultatet. De önskade långsiktiga effekter förväntas sedan komma genom att resultat kontinuerligt tas om hand och vidareutvecklas i organisationerna på detta sätt. Lärande, ändamålsenlig styrning och samverkan ses som viktiga förutsättningar för ett hållbart utvecklingsarbete (Brulin & Svensson 2011).Av detta resonemang framgår att lärande är en viktig drivkraft för ett hållbart utvecklingsarbete i organisationer (se även Brulin & Svensson (2011). Min ambition är att fördjupa förståelsen av lärandets betydelse för programutveckling, dvs. utveckling av det stöd som organisationer erbjuds i sitt utvecklingsarbete av programmen. Därför har jag sökt faktorer som kan påverka lär- och utvecklingsprocesser i stora utvecklingsprogram.Forskning om faktorer som påverkar lärande i arbetet är relativt vanlig (Ellström 2010a), men forskning om faktorer som påverkar lär- och utvecklingsprocesser i stora utvecklingsprogram är begränsad. Lär- och utvecklingsprocesser i stora program inbegriper individen men det är inte den enskilde individens lärande i sig som är mitt huvudsakliga intresse här. Det är gemensamt lärande mellan personer med olika roller och funktioner i programmen som står i fokus i studien.Studien baseras på datainsamling i två stora nationella program som jag har valt att kalla Lärarutbildningsprogrammet och Industriprogrammet2. Min roll i forskningsprojekten inom de båda programmen har till stor del bestått i att samla empiri, skriva forskningsrapporter och organisera läraktiviteter, men även dokumentera de organiserade läraktiviteter vars syfte var att stödja lär- och utvecklingsprocesser i programmen. Det är från dessa läraktiviteter jag hämtar merparten av empirin för avhandlingen. Organiserade läraktiviteter i stora programsatsningar, speciellt de med fokus på utveckling och innovation, har tidigt setts vara ett stöd för programmen (exempelvis Lundvall 1992).
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| 38. |
- Hauer, Esther, 1975-
(författare)
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Intervening with care : creating new infrastructures for learning and increasing quality of elderly care
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Substantial changes in public elderly care in Sweden have been resulting in a standing need of updating staff competence to match the new demands and maintain quality. Since the ability to learn is of importance when confronting changing conditions, organizations in general, as well as the authorities responsible for elderly care, invest large amounts of resources in learning in the workplace. However, the success of such investments depends on the interactions among numerous individual and organizational factors.This thesis has aimed at increasing our understanding of the process and consequences of the learning intervention Steps for Skills in the context of elderly care, by addressing three specific research aims. The first aim focused on the psychosocial environment as a precondition for learning. The perceived learning climate was addressed in Study 1, and correlations were found between leaders’ and employees’ perceived learning climate and, to some extent, between employees’ perceived learning climate and work group skills.The second aim focused on the consequences of the intervention for employees in terms of their psychosocial environment and the building of new infrastructures for learning. Changes in perceived learning climate and their relation to the transfer of knowledge were addressed in Study 2. It was found that the intervention had influenced the perceived learning climate differently for different groups. In addition, the use of the new knowledge depended on the learning climate. The consequences for employees were also addressed in Study 3 by examining the relation between process and outcome. Results showed that although the same method was used, the content of the improvement work differed, influencing employees’ perceptions of the learning climate, resource adequacy and workload differently.The third research aim focused on the consequences of the intervention for elderly by addressing elderly care quality, conceived as autonomy-support. The results from Study 4 identified too many constraining interactions for elderly care to be described as an autonomy-supportive. It is concluded that general quality improvement work does not guarantee increased autonomy-support. All in all, these results show that context and process matter, and also provide information concerning quality improvement through learning interventions.
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| 39. |
- Hedmer, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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148. Carbon Nanotubes
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be seen as graphene sheets rolled to form cylinders. CNTs may be categorised as single- (SWCNT) or multi-walled (MWCNT). Due to the small size, the number of particles as well as the surface area per mass unit is extremely high. CNTs are highly diverse, differing with respect to e.g., diameter, length, chiral angles, chemical functionalisation, purity, stiffness and bulk density. Today, CNTs are utilised primarily for the reinforcement of composite polymers, but there is considerable potential for other applications. The rapidly growing production and use of CNTs increases the risk for occupational exposure. Since CNTs in bulk form are of very low density and much dust is produced during their handling, exposure by inhalation appears to represent the greatest potential risk in the work place. However, most work place measurements involved sampling periods that are too short, varying sampling techniques and non-specific analytical methods. CNTs may be absorbed via inhalation and ingestion. Systemic uptake via the skin has not been demonstrated. Human toxicity data on CNTs are lacking and interpretation of animal studies is often problematic since the physical properties and chemical composition are diverse, impurities may be present and data are sometimes omitted. Because of the physical similarities between asbestos and CNTs, it can be suspected that the latter may also cause lung fibrosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer following inhalation. Intraperitoneal and intrascrotal administration of CNTs causes mesothelioma in animals, but no inhalation carcinogenicity studies have been conducted. Thus, it is too early conclude whether CNTs cause mesothelioma and lung cancer in humans. Both SWCNTs and MWCNTs cause inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs of relevant animal types and for MWCNTs these effects are also seen in the pleura. For instance, minimal histiocytosis and mild granulomatous inflammation in the lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes have been observed in rats exposed for 13 weeks to 0.1 mg/m3 MWCNTs (lowest observed adverse effect level, LOAEL), with more pronounced inflammation in both mice and rats at higher doses. Thus, inflammatory responses in the lungs may be considered as the critical effect. However, the LOAEL of CNTs should be interpreted cautiously, since their toxicity is likely to vary widely, depending on the structure and physicochemical properties, as well as the contribution from non-carbon components. It is also uncertain which dose metric (e.g., mass, number or surface area per air volume unit) is most appropriate. Some studies indicate that longer straight CNTs evoke more pronounced biological effects than shorter or tangled fibres.
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| 40. |
- Höglund, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Biofuels and land use in Sweden: an overview of land-use change effects
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Supported by policies, biofuel production has been continuously increasing worldwide during recent years. However, concerns have been raised that biofuels, often advocated as the future substitute for greenhouse gas (GHG) intensive fossil fuels, may cause negative effects on the climate and the environment. When assessing GHG emissions from biofuels, the production phase of the biofuel crop is essential since this is the phase in which most of the GHG emissions occur during the life cycle of the fuel, often linked to land use and land management. Changes in land use can result from a wide range of anthropogenic activities including agriculture and forestry management, livestock and biofuel production. The report first presents a review of the literature in the different scientific areas related to land use change (LUC) and biofuel production. Knowledge gaps related to LUC is compiled and, a synthesis is developed highlighting major challenges and key findings. Main findings are that (i) deforestation, forest management, and climate change deforestation is a major contributor to GHG emissions and can contribute to soil erosion and carbon stock changes, (ii) albedo changes and the timing of emissions need to be better understood, (iii) to avoid degradation of biodiversity great care must be taken to develop sustainable biofuel production (iv) nutrient leakage and removal of forest residues can influence the biomass growth potential (v) to avoid fertility losses in agricultural soils during biofuel production, crops with low fertilizer needs, high nutrient use efficiency and high yields should be given priority (vi) indirect effects on land use are extremely complex to quantify without great uncertainty (vii) biofuels contribution to rising food prices and poverty even more challenging (viii) biofuel production can create jobs but also interfere with traditional ways of life and recreational values, (ix) to avoid negative effects, biofuel production should be developed in collaboration with the stakeholders involved: farmers, land owners, tourists, and industry. The literature review and synthesis presented in this report shows that land use on this planet is already placing high stress on ecosystems, atmosphere, soils and human life. Because of increased biofuel production, land use change is therefore at risk of aggravating these problems. Conclusions drawn are that the LUC caused by increasing use of biofuels can be negative to various degrees but that drawbacks can be mitigated through policy measures or technology developments. Examples include the cultivation of high-yielding crops, cultivation on abandoned arable land, and effective use of by-products and waste. To explore the opportunities that exist for beneficial land use change, continued responsible and sensitive collaboration between industry, policy-makers, researchers and local communities is a prerequisite.
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| 41. |
- Jansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Biologisk recipientkontroll vid Ringhals kärnkraftverk : Årsrapport för 2011
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fisksamhället påverkas av kylsystemet vid Ringhals kärnkraftverk i två steg. I det första steget, intaget, förs ägg och larver med det inkommande vattnet in i kraftverket och i ett andra steg påverkas fiskens miljö av det utkommande uppvärmda vattnet.Under 2011 producerade Ringhals reaktor 1 och 3 el under större delen av året, med avbrott för årliga revisioner och vissa kortare driftsstopp. Ringhals reaktor 2 var däremot endast i drift från januari till april på grund av en brand i reaktor 2, vilket ledde till avstängning och grundligt saneringsarbete resten av året. Reaktor 4 var i drift mellan januari och juni för att sedan stängas ner under en förlängd revision fram till november.I kylvattenintaget utförs provtagning av fiskägg och fisklarver med för att övervaka förlusterna i kraftverket. Förekomsten av rötsimpelarver (Myoxocephalus scorpius) har minskat sedan provtagningen startade, även om den fortfarande är den vanligast förekommande larven. Likaså har förekomsten av tejstefisklarver (Pholis gunnellus) minskat genom åren. Håvning i intaget för att mäta förluster av juvenil fisk är till stor del fokuserad på glasål. Glasålen har minskat kraftigt från provtagningens början, även om fler glasålar fångades 2011 än föregående år. Minskningen av glasål beror sannolikt på en tillbakagång i hela regionen och inte på att förlusten i intaget har lett till en lokal påverkan.Effekter av uppvärmt vatten undersöks genom provfisken i utsläppsområdet för kylvattnet samt i ett opåverkat referensområde. Dessa områden provfiskas under både vår och högsommar, för att jämföra påverkan av kylvatten vid olika bakgrundstemperaturer. Minskande diversitet har observerats i fisksamhället i det påverkade området, men inte i referensområdet. Detta är sannolikt beroende på varmvattensutsläppet. Under en lång följd av år har ryssjefisken påvisat en koncentration av varmvattengynnade fiskarter till kylvattenpåverkat område. De arter som påverkats tydligast är ål (Anguilla anguilla) och strandkrabba (Carcinus maenas), som uppvisar förhållandevis stabila eller ökande fångster i området. Skärsnultra (Symphodus melops), som tillhör de varmvattengynnade arterna, ökar i det kylvattenpåverkade området. Strandkrabba uppvisar ökande trender i både det kylvattenpåverkade området och referensområdet, däremot ses en vikande trend hos äkta tunga (Solea solea) i det påverkade området. Arter som gynnas av lägre vattentemperaturer fångas i färre individantal i påverkat område. Mest tydligt är detta för torsk (Gadus morhua), rötsimpa (Myoxocephalus scorpius) och tånglake (Zoarches viviparus). Av de arter som gynnas av kallare vatten visar flera vikande trender i båda områdena. Enbart skrubbskädda (Platichthys flesus) visar en ökande trend i referensområdet.Inga unika eller nya förekomster av i svenskt vatten främmande arter hittades under den algkartering som genomfördes i fyra områden utanför kraftverkets kylvattensutsläpp (Ringhals udde, Båtafjorden, Norra Horta och Vendelsö). Fyra främmande arter som redan har etablerats på västkusten noterades, en av dessa var japanskt jätteostron (Crassostrea gigas), två var rödalger, rödsvansing (Dasya baillouviana) och japantofs (Bonnemaisonia hamifera) och slutligen en brunalg, sargassosnärja (Sargassum muticum).
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| 42. |
- Kettis, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Placements : an underused vehicle for quality enhancement in higher education?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Quality in Higher Education. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1353-8322 .- 1470-1081. ; 19:1, s. 28-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Placements have the potential to contribute more effectively to the quality of higher education. The aim of this article is to discuss how placements can be made more worthwhile for individual students, while also contributing to the overall quality of teaching and learning at HEIs as well as to the development of workplace cultures that are conducive to learning. Work experience opportunities help students to build substantive relationships and apply what they are learning. Students’ overall view of their learning experience becomes more positive, their identification with their intended profession strengthens and academic performance improves, as do graduate employment rates. Introducing placements in the curriculum does not, however, guarantee these positive effects. Learning is likely to be greater if the experience is ‘intentional and recognised’ and tightly knit into the curriculum. Using evidence from research on workplace learning is one way to improve the quality of placements, as exemplified by a scholarly approach to the development of placements for pharmacy students at Uppsala University. HEIs’ interaction with employers through placements enriches both parties. Academics gain insights into practice which may inspire teaching on campus, e.g. by generating real life examples that trigger students’ motivation and by informing curriculum design. Practitioners supervising students on placements are often excellent educational development partners. Placements may also contribute to organisational development. Developing a reflective, deliberate approach to learning in the workplace may be as useful for the employees as for the students. Also, students may carry out projects of value to the employer, while also keeping the university informed of current practice. An increased engagement in students' work experience opportunities may improve the student experience, and contribute to bridging the academy-practice divide in a way that is as much about influencing the rest of society as being influenced by it.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Lundqvist, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating Work Conditions and Burnout at Three Hierarchical Levels
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 55:10, s. 1157-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the differences in work conditions and symptoms of burnout, and the association between work conditions and symptoms of burnout at the three hierarchical levels: subordinates, first-line managers and middle managers.Methods: Analyses were based on questionnaire data from 4096 employees in nine organizations, containing three hierarchical levels: subordinates (n=3659), first-line managers (n=345), and middle managers (n=92).Results: Work conditions were found to differ between the three hierarchical levels, mostly between subordinates and managers. Managers experienced fewer symptoms of burnout than subordinates. Furthermore, the association between work conditions and burnout differed for subordinates, first-line managers and middle managers.Conclusions: Occupational health research needs to focus more on differences between hierarchical levels regarding work conditions and burnout.
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| 45. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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BACE1 inhibition induces a specific cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid pattern that identifies drug effects in the central nervous system.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACE1 is a key enzyme for amyloid-β (Aβ) production, and an attractive therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report that BACE1 inhibitors have distinct effects on neuronal Aβ metabolism, inducing a unique pattern of secreted Aβ peptides, analyzed in cell media from amyloid precursor protein (APP) transfected cells and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from dogs by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, using several different BACE1 inhibitors. Besides the expected reductions in Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, treatment also changed the relative levels of several other Aβ isoforms. In particular Aβ1-34 decreased, while Aβ5-40 increased, and these changes were more sensitive to BACE1 inhibition than the changes in Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. The effects on Aβ5-40 indicate the presence of a BACE1 independent pathway of APP degradation. The described CSF Aβ pattern may be used as a pharmacodynamic fingerprint to detect biochemical effects of BACE1-therapies in clinical trials, which might accelerate development of novel therapies.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Olson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing Democratic and Didactic Implications of Different Technological Offerings in Compulsory School Teaching Practices
- 2014
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Ingår i: Next Generation Learning Conference. - Falun : Högskolan Dalarna. - 9789185941582 ; , s. 52-62
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper draws from a multidisciplinary research study that aims to identify and analyse democratic and didactic implications of different technological offerings in compulsory school teaching practices. The research study also aims to develop strategies to promote learning through open knowledge processes in Swedish educational contexts. The overarching goal of our research is to contribute to systematic and in-depth knowledge of specific, education-related challenges in one of today’s most important ongoing changes in schools, the implementation of IT. In this paper we report on the current state of practice concerning the use of technological offerings in school and its democratic and didactic implications to the aim of elaborating on pedagogical and technological challenges in the context of compulsory school.
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| 49. |
- Pennbrant, Sandra, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Mastering the professional role as a new graduate
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professional development is a process that starts in education and continues through working life. To be a new graduated registered nurse has been described as difficult and tough. The healthcare organization, patients and nurses would all benefit if the professional development was smooth and supportive. The aim was to develop a model describing newly graduated registered nurses professional development during the first years of healthcare practice. To develop a model a constant comparative analysis was performed. Data consisted of written answers to an open question concerning what newly graduates perceived of particular significance to facilitate the transition between education and professional life. In this study the core concept constructed from data was mastering the professional role and was seen as a result of an ongoing process regarding the individual's experiences as well as relations with the surrounding environments. The analysis shows that the professional developmental process involves three interrelated sub-processes; Evaluating and re-evaluating educational experience, developing professional self-efficacy and developing clinical competence. These sub-processes are all influenced by six factors, social values and norms, the healthcare organization, nurse-management, coworkers, patients/relatives and private life situation. These factors affect nurse' professional development directly, indirectly or as mediating influences and can lead to various possible orientations. The result underlines the importance of knowing of how to develop the personal professional role within in a working life context inorder to experience to mastering the professional role. In this process the new registered nurses need support from both their nursing school and employer. This model will be the subject of further measurement and testing
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| 50. |
- Poulsen, N. A., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of feed and herd on fatty acid composition in 3 dairy breeds (Danish Holstein, Danish Jersey, and Swedish Red)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 95:11, s. 6362-6371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition of milk fat from dairy cows is related to both genetic and environmental factors. Here, the effect of feed and herd was examined in 3 Scandinavian breeds, namely Danish Holstein-Friesian (DH), Danish Jersey (DJ), and Swedish Red (SR). In total, milk samples from 1,298 cows kept in indoor housing systems were collected from 61 conventional dairy herds in Denmark and Sweden. The fatty acid (FA) composition of milk was determined by gas chromatography and the content of alpha-tocopherol by HPLC. Based on the 17 individual FA determined, distinct FA profiles were observed for all breeds using univariate and multivariate statistics. The DJ cows were characterized by higher levels of saturated short-chain FA; in contrast, DH cows had higher content of unsaturated C18 FA, whereas higher levels of primarily C14:0, C14:1, C18:1 cis-9, and C18:3n-3 were evident in SR cows. This variation in milk fat composition across breeds was further reflected in different desaturase indices, which were generally higher in SR cows. In addition, alpha-tocopherol differed significantly among breeds, with DJ cows having the highest content. Herd-specific feeding plans were collected, and different feed items were separated into 4 broad feed categories, including grass products, maize silage, grain, and concentrate. The pronounced differences in overall feed composition among breeds were, to a large extent, due to regional differences between countries, with SR receiving higher levels of grain and grass silage compared with the Danish breeds. Within breeds, differences in feeding regimens among herds were furthermore higher in SR. Significant correlations between feed category and individual FA were observed in all breeds. Furthermore, variance components were estimated and used to determine the proportion of phenotypic variation that could be explained by herd. The herd effect for individual FA was generally lower for DH compared with the 2 other breeds. In addition, very low herd effects were shown for C14:1 and C16:1 in all breeds, suggesting that the content of these FA is mainly genetically regulated.
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