| 1. |
- Alves, Gustavo R., et al.
(författare)
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International Cooperation for Remote Laboratory Use
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contributions to Higher Engineering Education. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811089176 ; , s. 1-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimenting is fundamental to the training process of all scientists and engineers. While experiments have been traditionally done inside laboratories, the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies added two alternatives accessible anytime, anywhere. These two alternatives are known as virtual and remote laboratories and are sometimes indistinguishably referred as online laboratories. Similarly to other instructional technologies, virtual and remote laboratories require some effort from teachers in integrating them into curricula, taking into consideration several factors that affect their adoption (i.e., cost) and their educational effectiveness (i.e., benefit). This chapter analyzes these two dimensions and sustains the case where only through international cooperation it is possible to serve the large number of teachers and students involved in engineering education. It presents an example in the area of electrical and electronics engineering, based on a remote laboratory named Virtual Instruments System in Reality, and it then describes how a number of European and Latin American institutions have been cooperating under the scope of an Erasmus+ project, for spreading its use in Brazil and Argentina.
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| 2. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 3. |
- Dale, Virginia H., et al.
(författare)
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Status and prospects for renewable energy using wood pellets from the southeastern United States
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology Bioenergy. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 9:8, s. 1296-1305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing debate about costs and benefits of wood-pellet based bioenergy production in the southeastern United States (SE USA) requires an understanding of the science and context influencing market decisions associated with its sustainability. Production of pellets has garnered much attention as US exports have grown from negligible amounts in the early 2000s to 4.6 million metric tonnes in 2015. Currently, 98% of these pellet exports are shipped to Europe to displace coal in power plants. We ask, 'How is the production of wood pellets in the SE USA affecting forest systems and the ecosystem services they provide?' To address this question, we review current forest conditions and the status of the wood products industry, how pellet production affects ecosystem services and biodiversity, and what methods are in place to monitor changes and protect vulnerable systems. Scientific studies provide evidence that wood pellets in the SE USA are a fraction of total forestry operations and can be produced while maintaining or improving forest ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are protected by the requirement to utilize loggers trained to apply scientifically based best management practices in planning and implementing harvest for the export market. Bioenergy markets supplement incomes to private rural landholders and provide an incentive for forest management practices that simultaneously benefit water quality and wildlife and reduce risk of fire and insect outbreaks. Bioenergy also increases the value of forest land to landowners, thereby decreasing likelihood of conversion to nonforest uses. Monitoring and evaluation are essential to verify that regulations and good practices are achieving goals and to enable timely responses if problems arise. Conducting rigorous research to understand how conditions change in response to management choices requires baseline data, monitoring, and appropriate reference scenarios. Long-term monitoring data on forest conditions should be publicly accessible and utilized to inform adaptive management.
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| 4. |
- Gustavsson, Eva, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Min plats i biosfären
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “Min plats i biosfären” är en skrift som presenterar forskningsresultat om vilken roll kulturmiljön och de kulturella ekosystemtjänsterna kulturarv och platsidentitet har för människors välbefinnande och för hållbar landskapsförvaltning inom Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle. Resultaten i skriften baseras på forskningsprojektet “Kulturmiljö och kulturarv som en del av hållbar landskapsförvaltning” och har genomförts av forskare vid Göteborgs universitet och Högskolan i Gävle.
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| 5. |
- Hemmingsson, Eva-Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of pain and pharmacological pain and treatment among old people in nursing homes in 2007 and 2013
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 74:4, s. 483-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Many elderly people living in nursing homes experience pain and take analgesic medication. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of pain and pharmacological pain treatment among people living in nursing homes in Sweden, in two large, comparable, samples from 2007 to 2013.Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were performed in 2007 and 2013, including all residents in nursing homes in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. A total of 4933 residents (2814 and 2119 respectively) with a mean age of 84.6 and 85.0 years participated. Of these, 71.1 and 72.4% respectively were cognitively impaired. The survey was completed by the staff members who knew the residents best.Results: The prescription of opioids became significantly more common while the use of tramadol decreased significantly. The staff reported that 63.4% in 2007 and 62.3% in 2013 had experienced pain. Of those in pain, 20.2% in 2007 and 16.8% in 2013 received no treatment and 73.4 and 75.0% respectively of those with pain, but no pharmacological treatment, were incorrectly described by the staff as being treated for pain.Conclusions: There has been a change in the pharmacological analgesic treatment between 2007 and 2013 with less prescribing of tramadol and a greater proportion taking opioids. Nevertheless, undertreatment of pain still occurs and in many cases, staff members believed that the residents were prescribed analgesic treatment when this was not the case.
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| 6. |
- Lima, Natercia, et al.
(författare)
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Do students really understand the difference between simulation and remote labs?
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450353861
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory experiments play a crucial role in engineering education as they strongly contribute to the development of important skills for the professional practice. This paper addresses a students' understanding gap between simulations and remote labs. These two resources (and namely the remote laboratory VISIR - Virtual Instrument Systems in Reality) have been commonly used on several didactical implementations, along with other didactical resources in different Engineering degrees at the Federal University of Santa Catarina and Polytechnic of Porto School of Engineering. This work, developed in the scope of the VISIR+ Project, intends to evaluate students' perceptions considering simulation and remote lab results. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed to better understand how deeply students realize the differences between these resources and their type of data. Preliminary results indicate that a considerable number of student's don't have a clear idea of these differences, even though sometimes they know their definition. Furthermore, this gap does not seem to differ much with the context (country, course, academic year, course content), students' final grades, teacher approach or implemented tasks. © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.
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| 7. |
- Lindstrand, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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From cytogenetics to cytogenomics : whole-genome sequencing as a first-line test comprehensively captures the diverse spectrum of disease-causing genetic variation underlying intellectual disability
- 2019
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : BMC. - 1756-994X. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSince different types of genetic variants, from single nucleotide variants (SNVs) to large chromosomal rearrangements, underlie intellectual disability, we evaluated the use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) rather than chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) as a first-line genetic diagnostic test.MethodsWe analyzed three cohorts with short-read WGS: (i) a retrospective cohort with validated copy number variants (CNVs) (cohort 1, n=68), (ii) individuals referred for monogenic multi-gene panels (cohort 2, n=156), and (iii) 100 prospective, consecutive cases referred to our center for CMA (cohort 3). Bioinformatic tools developed include FindSV, SVDB, Rhocall, Rhoviz, and vcf2cytosure.ResultsFirst, we validated our structural variant (SV)-calling pipeline on cohort 1, consisting of three trisomies and 79 deletions and duplications with a median size of 850kb (min 500bp, max 155Mb). All variants were detected. Second, we utilized the same pipeline in cohort 2 and analyzed with monogenic WGS panels, increasing the diagnostic yield to 8%. Next, cohort 3 was analyzed by both CMA and WGS. The WGS data was processed for large (>10kb) SVs genome-wide and for exonic SVs and SNVs in a panel of 887 genes linked to intellectual disability as well as genes matched to patient-specific Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) phenotypes. This yielded a total of 25 pathogenic variants (SNVs or SVs), of which 12 were detected by CMA as well. We also applied short tandem repeat (STR) expansion detection and discovered one pathologic expansion in ATXN7. Finally, a case of Prader-Willi syndrome with uniparental disomy (UPD) was validated in the WGS data.Important positional information was obtained in all cohorts. Remarkably, 7% of the analyzed cases harbored complex structural variants, as exemplified by a ring chromosome and two duplications found to be an insertional translocation and part of a cryptic unbalanced translocation, respectively.ConclusionThe overall diagnostic rate of 27% was more than doubled compared to clinical microarray (12%). Using WGS, we detected a wide range of SVs with high accuracy. Since the WGS data also allowed for analysis of SNVs, UPD, and STRs, it represents a powerful comprehensive genetic test in a clinical diagnostic laboratory setting.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Semb, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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A Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 1. Planning and management.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 2-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Longstanding uncertainty surrounds the selection of surgical protocols for the closure of unilateral cleft lip and palate, and randomised trials have only rarely been performed. This paper is an introduction to three randomised trials of primary surgery for children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). It presents the protocol developed for the trials in CONSORT format, and describes the management structure that was developed to achieve the long-term engagement and commitment required to complete the project.METHOD: Ten established national or regional cleft centres participated. Lip and soft palate closure at 3-4 months, and hard palate closure at 12 months served as a common method in each trial. Trial 1 compared this with hard palate closure at 36 months. Trial 2 compared it with lip closure at 3-4 months and hard and soft palate closure at 12 months. Trial 3 compared it with lip and hard palate closure at 3-4 months and soft palate closure at 12 months. The primary outcomes were speech and dentofacial development, with a series of perioperative and longer-term secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Recruitment of 448 infants took place over a 9-year period, with 99.8% subsequent retention at 5 years.CONCLUSION: The series of reports that follow this introductory paper include comparisons at age 5 of surgical outcomes, speech outcomes, measures of dentofacial development and appearance, and parental satisfaction. The outcomes recorded and the numbers analysed for each outcome and time point are described in the series.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Alhamdow, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Disease-Related Serum Proteins in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- 2019
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Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 171:1, s. 235-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chimney sweeps have higher incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD), likely related to their exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In order to identify underlying mechanisms of PAH-related CVD, we here investigated whether PAH exposure was associated with levels of putative CVD-related proteins in serum among currently working chimney sweeps. We enrolled 116 chimney sweeps and 125 unexposed controls, all nonsmoking male workers from Sweden. We measured monohydroxylated PAH metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and a panel of 85 proteins in serum using proximity extension assay. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index showed that 25 proteins were differentially expressed between chimney sweeps and the controls (p <. 05, adjusted for false discovery rate). Of the 25 proteins, follistatin (FS), prointerleukin-16 (IL-16), and heat shock protein beta-1 (HSP 27) showed positive associations with the monohydroxylated metabolites of PAH in a dose-response manner (p <. 05). Pathway and gene ontology analyses demonstrated that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in inflammatory response and immunological functions, such as leukocyte migration, cell movement of leukocytes, and adhesion of immune cells. In conclusion, we found a number of putative CVD-related proteins differentially expressed, between PAH-exposed and unexposed individuals, and mainly involved in inflammation and immune function. Our data warrant protective measures to reduce PAH exposure and longitudinal investigations of the protein profile in chimney sweeps and other occupational groups exposed to PAH.
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| 13. |
- Alhamdow, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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DNA-methylation of the cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR is associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- 2018
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press. - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 39:7, s. 869-878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known carcinogens and workplace PAH exposure may increase the risk of cancer. Monitoring early cancer-related changes can indicate whether the exposure is carcinogenic. Here, we enrolled 151 chimney sweeps, 152 controls, and 19 creosote-exposed male workers from Sweden. We measured urinary PAH metabolites using LC/MS/MS, the cancer-related markers telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) using qPCR, and DNA methylation of lung cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR using pyrosequencing. The median 1-hydroxypyrene (PAH metabolite) concentrations were highest in creosote-exposed workers (8.0 μg/g creatinine) followed by chimney sweeps (0.34 μg/g creatinine) and controls (0.05 μg/g creatinine). TL and mtDNAcn did not differ between study groups. Chimney sweeps and creosote-exposed workers had significantly lower methylation of AHRR CpG site cg05575921 (88.1% and 84.9%, respectively) than controls (90%). Creosote-exposed workers (73.3%), but not chimney sweeps (76.6%) had lower methylation of F2RL3 cg03636183 than controls (76.7%). Linear regression analyses showed that chimney sweeps had lower AHRR cg05575921 methylation (B=-2.04; P<0.057, adjusted for smoking and age) and lower average AHRR methylation (B=-2.05; P<0.035), and non-smoking chimney sweeps had lower average F2RL3 methylation (B=-0.81; P<0.042, adjusted for age) compared with controls. These cancer-related markers were not associated with urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites. In conclusion, although we found no associations with PAH metabolites in urine (short-term exposure), our results suggest dose-response relationship between PAH exposure and DNA hypomethylation of lung cancer-related loci. These findings indicate that further protective measures should be taken to reduce PAH exposure.
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| 14. |
- Alhamdow, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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Early markers of cardiovascular disease are associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupational exposure to soot, rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, our knowledge about PAH exposure and early markers of CVD remains limited. In this cross-sectional study of 151 chimney sweeps and 152 controls, we investigated occupational exposure to PAH and early markers of CVD. Blood pressure (BP) (chimney sweeps only), urinary PAH metabolites and serum biomarkers were measured (C-reactive protein, homocysteine, gamma-glutamyltransferase, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides). Chimney sweeps had up to 7 times higher concentrations of PAH metabolites in urine than controls (P < 0.001): Median concentrations (adjusted for specific gravity) for 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]anthracene were 0.56 μg/L, 0.78 μg/L, 4.75 ng/L, and 6.28 ng/L, respectively. Compared with controls, chimney sweeps had increased homocysteine, cholesterol, and HDL (β = 3.4 μmol/L, 0.43 mmol/L, and 0.13 mmol/L, respectively, P ≤ 0.003, adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking). In chimney sweeps, PAH metabolites correlated positively with the percentage of soot sweeping (P < 0.001). 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]anthracene were positively associated with diastolic BP (P < 0.044, adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking). PAH exposure among chimney sweeps resulted in elevated levels of markers for CVD risk. These findings stress the need to reduce occupational exposure to PAH.
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| 15. |
- Beck-Friis, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Burden of rotavirus infection in hospitalized elderly individuals prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532. ; 119, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rotavirus gastroenteritis (GE) in the elderly has been much less studied than in children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the morbidity and mortality for elderly hospitalized patients with rotavirus GE prior to the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in Sweden, and to investigate the epidemiology of rotavirus genotypes in these patients. Study design: All patients 60 years or older who were hospitalized at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, and were rotavirus positive in a clinical diagnostic test from 2009 to 2016, were included. Medical records were reviewed and rotavirus genotyping real-time PCR was performed. Results: One hundred and fifty-nine patients were included, corresponding to an annual incidence of hospitalization due to rotavirus GE of 16/100 000 inhabitants aged 60 years or older. G2P[4] was the most common genotype, followed by G1P[8] and G4P[8]. The majority of patients had community-onset of symptoms and no or few pre-existing health disorders. Four patients (2.5%) died within 30 days of sampling. Patients with hospital-onset rotavirus GE had a longer median length of stay following diagnosis compared with patients with community-onset of symptoms (19 vs. 5 days, p = 0.001) and higher 30-day mortality (8.6% (3/35) vs. < 1% (1/124), p = 0.03). Conclusions: Hospitalization due to rotavirus GE among the elderly seems to mainly affect otherwise healthy individuals and is associated with low 30-day mortality.
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| 16. |
- Bejerot, Eva, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Akutmottagningarnas konstanta kaos : styrning, det oförutsedda och motstånd
- 2015
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts FALF 2015 Conference 10.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under många år har det funnits ett brett missnöje med långa väntetider på akutmottagningarna på svenska sjukhus. Media har skrivit mycket om detta område, politiker och huvudmän har introducerat en rad interven-tioner och myndigheter har inspekterat, mätt och jämfört för att stimulera ”best practice”. Men resultatet av allt detta är negativt – väntetiderna på akutmottagningarna har ökat under senare år! Vad kan detta bero på? Kan orsaken vara att styrformerna varit felaktigt utformade, att det under perioden skett andra förändringar vars effekter beslutsfattarna inte förutsåg, eller kan det vara läkargruppens motstånd till effektiviserande åtgärder som ligger bakom uteblivna förbättringar? I denna studie beskrivs dels de politiska initiativ och interventioner som gjorts på nationell nivå för att komma tillrätta med väntetiderna under 2010-talet, dels utfallet av dessa insatser så som de uppfattas av läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar. I analysen intresserar vi oss särskilt för läkarnas inflytande och eventuella motstånd till förändringar.Initialt gjordes intervjuer med 14 läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar på fyra sjukhus. De tillhör både den nya specialiteten akutvårdsläkare och andra specialiteter som är “gästdoktorer” på akuten. Intervjuerna gjor-des för att få kunskap inför en enkätundersökning, och har för detta arbete analyserats tematiskt med fokus på styrning, förändringar och dilemman i arbetet. Efter analysen av intervjuerna och identifiering av de styrfor-mer som respondenterna tog upp, studerades de rapporter och beslut som låg bakom dessa styrformer. Vilken kunskap baserades de på? Vilka hade inflytande på utformningen av förändringarna? Hur har styrningen anpassats över tid i relation till de svårigheter som akutmottagningarna har att klar av att möta målen?Den styrning som de intervjuade läkarna tar upp som kontraproduktiv är relaterad till överorganisatoriska direktiv och mål som är kopplade till prestationsmätningar av olika slag. Ett par exempel: För akutmottag-ningarna finns landstingsspecifika mål att i stort sett alla patienter på akuten ska vara färdigbehandlade inom fyra timmar. Det är ett mål som ständigt fallerar, som medför negativa ekonomiska konsekvenser för kliniken, men framför allt ger en känsla av misslyckande. På vissa enheter har styrningen lett till att man organiserat om arbetet för att förbättra mätresultaten – inte vården. Andra förändringar handlar om ett nationellt föränd-ringsprogram för att med stöd av lean effektivisera arbetssättet, det vill säga hur arbetsuppgifterna organiseras på mottagningarna. Även här beskriver respondenterna problem avseende arbetmiljö och vårdkvalitet.Analysen indikerar att styrformerna utmanar den professionella identiteten och skapar nya dilemman. Men det finns i praktiken inga möjligheter för läkarna att göra motstånd; man kan föra fram synpunkter, men de beaktas inte, man kan på individnivå strunta i något delmoment, men det är i det lilla. Resultaten diskuteras i termer av makt och motstånd. I förlängningen bör denna studie utvidgas med intervjuer av chefer och besluts-fattare.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bejerot, Eva, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Control on Drift : National and Local Intervention in Clinical Work at Emergency Departments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Professions & Professionalism. - : Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus. - 1893-1049. ; 7:2, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Swedish emergency departments, various initiatives have been introduced in order to reduce long waiting times for patients: lean methods, targets for waiting times related to revenues, interprofessional teams, and different forms of triage systems. This study focuses on the physicians’ views on dilemmas related to these interventions. The study is based on the interviews with 14 physicians in four emergency departments. The interviews have been analysed thematically and presented in the form of brief narratives. The study follows changes from clinical practice to the national policy level. The changes appear to be ineffective or counterproductive—waiting times are rather getting longer, but the measures have a number of other effects. Decisions are taken at a central level and are carried out by means of rules, incentives, and projects and end in the medical profession being displaced from the central position they have held in the working processes of health care.
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| 19. |
- Bendix, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma oxytocin and personality traits in psychiatric outpatients
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 57, s. 102-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxytocin system is regarded as being of relevance for social interaction. In spite of this, very few studies have investigated the relationship between oxytocin and personality traits in clinical psychiatric populations. We assessed the relationship between personality traits and plasma oxytocin levels in a population of 101 medication-free psychiatric outpatients (men = 37, women = 64). We used the Karolinska Scale of Personality (KSP) and diagnostic and symptomatic testing. Plasma oxytocin levels were analysed with a specific radioimmunoassay at inclusion and after one month for testing of stability. Plasma oxytocin levels were stable over time and did not differ between patients with or without personality disorders, nor were they related to severity of depressive or anxiety symptoms. The KSP factors Impulsiveness and Negative Emotionality were significant independent predictors of plasma oxytocin. A subscale analysis of these personality factors showed significant positive correlations between baseline plasma oxytocin and the KSP subscales monotony avoidance and psychic anxiety. The significant association between the KSP factor Impulsiveness and oxytocin levels observed at baseline was observed also one month later in men. These findings suggest that personality traits such as Impulsiveness and Negative emotionality which are linked to social functioning in several psychiatric disorders seem to be associated with endogenous plasma oxytocin levels. These variations in oxytocin levels might have an impact on social sensitivity or social motivation with possible gender differences.
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| 20. |
- Berntsson, Oskar, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential conformational transitions and alpha-helical supercoiling regulate a sensor histidine kinase
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensor histidine kinases are central to sensing in bacteria and in plants. They usually contain sensor, linker, and kinase modules and the structure of many of these components is known. However, it is unclear how the kinase module is structurally regulated. Here, we use nano- to millisecond time-resolved X-ray scattering to visualize the solution structural changes that occur when the light-sensitive model histidine kinase YF1 is activated by blue light. We find that the coiled coil linker and the attached histidine kinase domains undergo a left handed rotation within microseconds. In a much slower second step, the kinase domains rearrange internally. This structural mechanism presents a template for signal transduction in sensor histidine kinases.
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| 21. |
- Björklund, Erika, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Review of educational research on ‘health work’ in Swedish Ph.D.-theses during 2005-2014
- 2016
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Ingår i: Social Justice, Equality and Solidarity in Education?.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we examine how health work is manifested in Swedish educational PhD-theses. We define ‘health work’ here broadly, encompassing for instance the work of all kinds of health professionals (such as health educators/promoters, public health workers, nurses, chiropractors, personal trainers, etc), health work through health related reporting in various media (e.g. magazines, web-sites, blogs, etc), and also the health work individuals perform on and for themselves (e.g. lifestyle-oriented activities). Intrinsic to these types of health work are both immanent and more direct processes of education, whereby it becomes a field of interest to educational researchers, and education research into this field of health work in turn becomes of use to health workers/practitioners.Therefore it is interesting to examine how this field of ‘health work’ is perceived and framed in the perspective of Swedish education research and what questions education research have been asking in this field. The aim of this paper is to explore how health work figures in Swedish education research. What aspects of health work are education researchers in Sweden interested in? What questions are being asked? And hence, how can education research in the field of health work support health workers/practitioners in their work?In order to answer these questions, we have looked at all of the Swedish doctoral theses in education published during the years of 2005-2014. During this period, there were 666 theses published, of which 108 were selected in the first selection, and of these, 74 were selected in the third selection. With a broad operationalization of ‘health’ and ‘health work’, the 74 theses were then further analyzed to determine how health figured in the theses and to answer the rest of the research questions. Here, a distinction was made between theses that had an explicit focus on health work in their research questions and those that did not. The analysis further consisted of categorizing the theses depending on how central or marginal issues of health work were in the studies and on whether health work was an implicit or explicit aspect of the study. The analysis was also concerned with finding common themes or issues or arenas etc.The preliminary results show that very few theses in education directly relate to health work. The most common areas studied are the school subject of Physical health and education (Idrott och hälsa-ämnet), student health (elevhälsa), health care (hälso- och sjukvård), and sports (idrott). Quite a few studies are concerned with issues of professionalization and many want to understand learning processes related to various illnesses or chronic conditions that people live with, while very few studies have research questions that directly relate to practices of health promotion, i.e. issues of influencing health practices from a salutogenic (“positive health”) perspective.
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| 22. |
- Björklund, Erika, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Review of educational research within the territory of health in Swedish Ph.D.-theses during 2005-2014
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to Kickbusch (2007), lately health has grown in societal significance to such a degree that we can talk about a shift to a “health society”. From a pedagogical perspective, this shift can be understood as a shift in mentality (Ödman, 1995), meaning a shift in how we think about and understand society and ourselves. In this “health society”, and perhaps with increased impact since the introduction of the notion of health promotion in the 1980s (Nutbeam 2008), health has become both a commodity and a trade (fitness market, health foods, alternative therapies, health tourism, cosmetic surgery, etc, see Kickbusch 2007). With its increased reach, and considering the importance of education to health work, one question is how health figures in education research. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore this, with Swedish Ph.D. theses as an example. It asks: What aspects of health and health society are educational researchers in Sweden interested in? How is health perceived and framed in the perspective of educational research? What questions are being asked? And hence, how can educational research within the territory of health support health workers/practitioners in their work? The empirical material is based on Swedish doctoral theses in education published during the years of 2005-2014 (n = 666). Through two selection stages, guided by a broad conceptualization of health, 74 theses were identified as health related and selected for analysis to determine how health figures in the theses with regard to the research questions. The preliminary results show that few theses in education directly relate to health. The most common areas studied are the school subject of physical health and education, student health, health care, and sports. Quite a few studies are concerned with issues of professionalization and many want to understand learning processes related to various illnesses or chronic conditions that people live with, while few studies have research questions that relate to practices of (salutogenic) health promotion or the profession of health promotion. In conclusion, health figures in educational research primarily in terms of various health related arenas as objects of study, and to a more limited extent as an object of knowledge.
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| 23. |
- Björling, Alexander, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Ubiquitous Structural Signaling in Bacterial Phytochromes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 6:17, s. 3379-3383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phytochrome family of light-switchable proteins has long been studied by biochemical, spectroscopic and crystallographic means, while a direct probe for global conformational signal propagation has been lacking. Using solution X-ray scattering, we find that the photosensory cores of several bacterial phytochromes undergo similar large-scale structural changes upon red-light excitation. The data establish that phytochromes with ordinary and inverted photocycles share a structural signaling mechanism and that a particular conserved histidine, previously proposed to be involved in signal propagation, in fact tunes photoresponse.
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| 24. |
- Bodin, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Road traffic noise, air pollution and myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 89:5, s. 793-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both road traffic noise and air pollution have been linked to cardiovascular disease. However, there are few prospective epidemiological studies available where both road traffic noise and air pollution have been analyzed simultaneously. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between road traffic noise, air pollution and incident myocardial infarction in both current (1-year average) and medium-term (3-year average) perspective.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for Transformative Learning for Sustainable Development : A Theoretical Review and Approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.
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| 27. |
- Branco, Matheus, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiating simulations and real (remote) experiments
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450353861
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The more recent emergence of remote laboratories caused some discussions about their real educational value, when compared to traditional hands-on and virtual laboratories. This discussion is relevant because remote labs rely on computer-mediated access to real instruments and apparatus, being sometimes difficult to explain the difference between values obtained from real (remote) measurements and values obtained from computer simulations. This paper aims to evidence aspects that differentiate remote and virtual laboratories, by presenting two very simple experiments dealing with the characteristics of real instruments (limited bandwidth) and real circuits (electromagnetic interference). © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.
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| 28. |
- Budnik, Lygia Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis, monitoring and prevention of exposure-related non-communicable diseases in the living and working environment : DiMoPEx-project is designed to determine the impacts of environmental exposure on human health
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6673. ; 13:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The WHO has ranked environmental hazardous exposures in the living and working environment among the top risk factors for chronic disease mortality. Worldwide, about 40 million people die each year from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular, neurological and lung diseases. The exposure to ambient pollution in the living and working environment is exacerbated by individual susceptibilities and lifestyle-driven factors to produce complex and complicated NCD etiologies. Research addressing the links between environmental exposure and disease prevalence is key for prevention of the pandemic increase in NCD morbidity and mortality. However, the long latency, the chronic course of some diseases and the necessity to address cumulative exposures over very long periods does mean that it is often difficult to identify causal environmental exposures. EU-funded COST Action DiMoPEx is developing new concepts for a better understanding of health-environment (including gene-environment) interactions in the etiology of NCDs. The overarching idea is to teach and train scientists and physicians to learn how to include efficient and valid exposure assessments in their research and in their clinical practice in current and future cooperative projects. DiMoPEx partners have identified some of the emerging research needs, which include the lack of evidence-based exposure data and the need for human-equivalent animal models mirroring human lifespan and low-dose cumulative exposures. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach incorporating seven working groups, DiMoPEx will focus on aspects of air pollution with particulate matter including dust and fibers and on exposure to low doses of solvents and sensitizing agents. Biomarkers of early exposure and their associated effects as indicators of disease-derived information will be tested and standardized within individual projects. Risks arising from some NCDs, like pneumoconioses, cancers and allergies, are predictable and preventable. Consequently, preventative action could lead to decreasing disease morbidity and mortality for many of the NCDs that are of major public concern. DiMoPEx plans to catalyze and stimulate interaction of scientists with policy-makers in attacking these exposure-related diseases.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Evangelista, Ignacio, et al.
(författare)
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Science education at high school : A VISIR remote lab implementation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2017 4th Experiment at International Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781538608104 ; , s. 13-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimentation is crucial in science teaching at any education level. Students' motivation and collaborative work are also essential in order to achieve positive learning outcomes. This article portrays the implementation of remote experimentation using VISIR in a Physics subject at high-school level. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed for this particular case study in order to shed light on the influence of VISIR on students' motivation. Results showed that VISIR remote lab is a powerful tool to arouse interest in electronic circuit topics. © 2017 IEEE.
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| 32. |
- Fagerlind Ståhl, Anna-Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between organisation of work, work conditions, work-relatedf low and performance: a multilevel analysis
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate how organisation of work in terms of sociotechnical characteristics and use of tools inspired by lean production, and psychosocial conditions at the workplace, are associated with work-related flow and performance.A questionnaire including questions concerning work organisation, psychosocial work conditions, work-related flow and self-rated performance was sent to employees in ten Swedish organisations; 4442 people (56%) responded. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used in order to investigate organisation of work and work conditions in relation to work-related flow and performance. In addition, the association between work-related flow and performance was investigated.Our results show that a high degree of lean tool use in combination with a low degree of sociotechnical characteristics was negatively associated with work-related flow but positively associated with performance. When decision latitude, social capital, and innovative learning climate were included in the model, the association was no longer significant in relation to work-related flow, but remained and was strengthen in relation to performance. Work-related flow had a positive association with performance.The conclusion is that work-related flow and work conditions that enable individual and collective skill use are important for increased performance. When lean tools are used to a high degree, good decision latitude, social capital and innovative learning climate buffer negative effects on health, and increase performance.
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| 33. |
- Fagerlind Ståhl, Anna-Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Lean production tools and decision latitude enable conditions for innovative learning in organizations : a multilevel analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 47, s. 285-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of lean production on conditions for learning is debated. This study aimed to investigate how tools inspired by lean production (standardization, resource reduction, visual monitoring, housekeeping, value flow analysis) were associated with an innovative learning climate and with collective dispersion of ideas in organizations, and whether decision latitude contributed to these associations. A questionnaire was sent out to employees in public, private, production and service organizations (n = 4442). Multilevel linear regression analyses were used. Use of lean tools and decision latitude were positively associated with an innovative learning climate and collective dispersion of ideas. A low degree of decision latitude was a modifier in the association to collective dispersion of ideas. Lean tools can enable shared understanding and collective spreading of ideas, needed for the development of work processes, especially when decision latitude is low. Value flow analysis played a pivotal role in the associations.
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| 34. |
- Fagerlind Ståhl, Anna-Carin, 1982-
(författare)
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Live long and prosper : Health-promoting conditions at work
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to contribute with knowledge concerning health-promoting conditions at work, and to investigate how individual, workplace and organisational conditions are interrelated. In the thesis, work-related flow, i.e. an experience of motivation, absorption and work enjoyment, is used as a holistic notion of occupational health. In Paper I, work-related flow is investigated in relation to decision latitude, social capital and an innovative learning climate at work. Paper II investigates whether the use of tools inspired by lean production, such as standardisation and value stream mapping, is positively associated with conditions for innovative learning in organisations. The aim of Paper III is to identify conditions for health and performance in organisation and at work; further, to investigate the association between work-related flow and performance. Paper IV reports on a longitudinal investigation of workrelated flow in relation to lean tool use and conditions at the workplace. The empirical material is based on data from 10 organisations, including 4442 employees. Papers I-III are cross-sectional, whereas Paper IV is longitudinal. Papers II-IV utilise multilevel analyses.The results show that decision latitude, social capital and an innovative learning climate are associated with an increase in work-related flow (Papers I, III & IV), and with performance (Paper III). Individuals’ decision latitude enables an increased benefit from the social capital and innovative learning climate at work (Paper I). The effect of tools inspired by lean production on work-related flow (Papers III & IV), and on conditions for innovative learning (Paper II) differs, depending on which tools are used, and on workplace conditions. These tools enable innovative learning mainly where decision latitude is low (Paper II), and it is primarily the lean tool value stream mapping which has the potential to create an arena for innovative learning (Paper II) and work-related flow (Paper IV).It is concluded that the individual is embedded in a social work context that has the potential to strengthen the ability to act with motivation, absorption and enjoyment. In order to utilise collective healthpromoting conditions at work, individuals need to have authority to make their own decisions and use their skills. The effect of tools inspired by lean production depends on the specific tools that are used, and on individuals’ decision latitude at work. Their potential to enable innovative learning is most evident for employees who have few opportunities for autonomous decision-making and skill use in their work. For those with a high degree of decision latitude, the use of lean tools has a smaller effect. Work-related flow may in itself serve as a resource that improves performance and increases engagement in health-promoting work conditions. In order to promote health as well as performance, work needsto be organised so that employees have opportunities to decide over their own work, and utilise their skills, individually and collectively within the workgroup.
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| 35. |
- Fagerlind Ståhl, Anna-Carin, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of lean tool use and work conditions on employee health : a longitudinal multilevel study
- 2015
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Although lean production is an increasingly common approach to increase the efficiency of organisations, its effect on employee health is not clear. This longitudinal study investigates the effect of lean tool use and work conditions on work-related flow. Flow is a measure of health that reflects the experience of intrinsic motivation, absorption and work enjoyment.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to employees in seven organisations on two occasions with an interval of two years (n =1722). Multilevel linear regression analyses were used in order to investigate the association between the use of lean tools (i.e. standardisation, value stream mapping, visual monitoring, housekeeping and resource reduction), decision latitude, social capital, and innovative learning climate at baseline, and work-related flow at follow-up.Results: In multivariate analyses, adjusted for flow at baseline, use of lean tools was positively associated with work-related flow at follow-up. When the tools were investigated separately, only value stream mapping remained significant after adjustment for work conditions and flow at baseline. Social capital and decision latitude were positively associated with flow at follow-up. Flow at baseline and follow-up were strongly associated.Conclusions: The extent to which lean tool use has an effect on employee health depends on which tools are used. Work conditions that support learning, such as decision latitude and social capital, are associated with a longitudinal increase in the experience of work-related flow, and are important for gaining health-promoting benefits from the use of lean tools.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Ferm, Lisa, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Students' strategies for learning identities as industrial workers in a Swedish upper secondary school VET programme
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Vocational Education and Training. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1363-6820 .- 1747-5090. ; 70:1, s. 66-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to investigate the learning strategies vocational students use to become part of a work community, and how these strategies are related to the formation of a vocational identity at the workplace. Conducting qualitative interviews, data were collected from 44 industrial programme students from six upper secondary schools. The findings revealed five recurrent strategies used by the students for learning vocational identities as industrial workers. The students took individual responsibility for their own learning, asked questions to gain deeper vocational knowledge, searched for role models in the work community, positioned themselves as a resource to the work community, understood and used humour and jokes in order to become a member of the community. The conclusion is that the students actively develop learning strategies to adapt their behaviour to the norms and ideals of the industrial work community. In the process of develop the vocational identities as industrial workers, the students’ vocational habitus is transformed to better fit the industrial work community. The integration of the notions of agency and habitus demonstrates the dynamic nature of students’ participation in work communities; simultaneously, the students reproduce social structures that promote vocational identities.
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| 38. |
- Ferm, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Vocational students' identity formation in relation to vocations in the Swedish industrial sector
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 2242-458X. ; 9:2, s. 91-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates vocational identity formation among students studying vocational education programmes that focus on vocations within Sweden’s industrial sector. The empirical material is based on twenty-eight qualitative interviews with students enrolled on industrial programmes at four upper secondary schools. Taking a situated learning perspective as our starting point, the study reveals how the students’ vocational identity formation can be understood by examining their learning trajectories, which are shaped by their social backgrounds, their perceptions of workplace-based learning and industrial vocations, and their thoughts about their vocational futures. The findings demonstrate that students’ vocational identity formation is not a single linear process. On the contrary, three learning trajectories emerged which correspond to three different student groups. The students oriented towards commitment intended to work in industrial vocations, while the students oriented towards flexibility were open to the possibility of careers outside the industrial sector, and the students oriented towards ambivalence had no obvious plans for their vocational futures. In conclusion, this article suggests that in order to better understand the formation of vocational identities, the notions of learning trajectory types and social categorisations need to be considered in greater depth and understood in relation to the upper secondary school environment.
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| 39. |
- Glantz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Bovine chromosomal regions affecting rheological traits in acid-induced skim milk gels.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 98:2, s. 1273-1285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of fermented milk products has increased worldwide during the last decade and is expected to continue to increase during the coming decade. The quality of these products may be optimized through breeding practices; however, the relations between cow genetics and technological properties of acid milk gels are not fully known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify chromosomal regions affecting acid-induced coagulation properties and possible candidate genes. Skim milk samples from 377 Swedish Red cows were rheologically analyzed for acid-induced coagulation properties using low-amplitude oscillation measurements. The resulting traits, including gel strength, coagulation time, and yield stress, were used to conduct a genome-wide association study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified using the BovineHD SNPChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA), resulting in almost 621,000 segregating markers. The genome was scanned for putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions, haplotypes based on highly associated SNP were inferred, and the additive genetic effects of haplotypes within each QTL region were analyzed using mixed models. A total of 8 genomic regions were identified, with large effects of the significant haplotype explaining between 4.8 and 9.8% of the phenotypic variance of the studied traits. One major QTL was identified to overlap between gel strength and yield stress, the QTL identified with the most significant SNP closest to the gene coding for κ-casein (CSN3). In addition, a chromosome-wide significant region affecting yield stress on BTA 11 was identified to be colocated with PAEP, coding for β-lactoglobulin. Furthermore, the coagulation properties of the genetic variants within the 2 genes were compared with the coagulation properties identified by the patterns of the haplotypes within the regions, and it was discovered that the haplotypes were more diverse and in one case slightly better at explaining the phenotypic variance. Besides these significant QTL comprising the 2 milk proteins, 3 additional genes are proposed as possible candidates, namely RAB22A, CDH13, and STAT1, and all have previously been found to be expressed in the mammary gland. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to map QTL regions for acid-induced coagulation properties.
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| 40. |
- Gregersen, V R, et al.
(författare)
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Bovine chromosomal regions affecting rheological traits in rennet-induced skim milk gels.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 98:2, s. 1261-1272
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimizing cheese yield and quality is of central importance to cheese manufacturing. The yield is associated with the time it takes before the gel has an optimal consistency for further processing, and it is well known that gel formation differs between individual milk samples. By identifying genomic regions affecting traits related to rennet-induced gelation, the aim of this study was to identify potential candidate genes affecting these traits. Hence, rennet-induced gelation, including rennet coagulation time, gel strength, and yield stress, was measured in skim milk samples collected from 379 animals of the Swedish Red breed using low-amplitude oscillation measurements. All animals had genotypes for almost 621,000 segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), identified using the Bovine HD SNPChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). The genome was scanned for associations, haplotypes based on SNP sets comprising highly associated SNP were inferred, and the effects of the 2 most common haplotypes within each region were analyzed using mixed models. Even though the number of animals was relatively small, a total of 21 regions were identified, with 4 regions showing association with more than one trait. A major quantitative trait locus for all traits was identified around the casein cluster explaining between 9.3 to 15.2% of the phenotypic variation of the different traits. In addition, 3 other possible candidate genes were identified; that is, UDP-n-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide n-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 1 (GALNT1), playing a role in O-glycosylation of κ-casein, and 2 cathepsins, CTSZ and CTSC, possibly involved in proteolysis of milk proteins. We have shown that other genes than the casein genes themselves may be involved in the regulation of gelation traits. However, additional analysis is needed to confirm these results. To our knowledge, this is the first study identifying quantitative trait loci affecting rennet-induced gelation of skim milk through a high-density genome-wide association study.
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| 41. |
- Gustavsson, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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What is required to facilitate implementation of Swedish physical activity on prescription? - interview study with primary healthcare staff and management
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The method, Swedish Physical Activity on Prescription (SPAP), has been launched in Swedish healthcare to promote physical activity for prevention and treatment of lifestyle related health disorders. Despite scientific support for the method, and education campaigns, it is used to a limited extent by health professionals. The aim of the study was to describe the views of health professionals on perceived facilitators, barriers and requirements for successful implementation of SPAP in primary healthcare.METHODS: Eighteen semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in SPAP, i.e. ten people working in local or central management and eight primary healthcare professionals in two regional healthcare organisations, were analysed using qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: We identified an overarching theme regarding requirements for successful implementation of SPAP: Need for knowledge and organisational support, comprising four main categories: Need for increased knowledge and affirmative attitude among health professionals; Need for clear and supportive management; Need for central supporting structures; Need for local supporting structures. Knowledge of the SPAP method content and core components was limited. Confidence in the method varied among health professionals. There was a discrepancy between the central organisation policy documents declaring that disease preventive methods were prioritised and a mandatory assignment, while the health professionals asked for increased interest, support and resources from management, primarily time and supporting structures. There were somewhat conflicting views between primary healthcare professionals and managers concerning perceived barriers and requirements. In contrast to some of the management's beliefs, all primary healthcare professionals undisputedly acknowledged the importance of promoting physical activity, but they lacked time, written routines and in some cases competence for SPAP counselling.CONCLUSION: The study provides knowledge regarding requirements to facilitate the implementation of SPAP in healthcare. There was limited knowledge among health professionals regarding core components of SPAP and how to practise the method, which speaks for in-depth training in the SPAP method. The findings highlight the importance of forming policies and guidelines and establishing organisational supporting structures, and ensuring that these are well known and approved in all parts of the healthcare organisation.
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| 42. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Den nya akutläkaren : arbetsvillkor, hälsa och vilja att stanna på akutmottagningar
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Läkare i akutsjukvård är en egen basspecialitet sedan 2015. En ny specialitet och stor efterfrågan på akutläkare innebär en omställning för akutmottagningarna, sjukhusen och gängse utbildningssystem för läkare. Föreliggande studie initierades som en konsekvens av behovet av dessa behov av förändringar – vilka är förutsättningarna på landets akutmottagningar för att den nya specialiteten ska få goda arbetsförhållanden och stanna kvar på akutmottagningarna?I studien genomfördes inledningsvis en intervjustudie med 14 akutläkare. Därefter utvecklades en webb-baserad enkät. Totalt 15 akutmottagningar i landet valde att deltaga i studien, och 147 läkare på akutmottagningar (51%) besvarade enkäten. Forskargruppen har erbjudit samtliga medverkande akutmottagningar återkoppling av resultaten, några akutmottagningar har deltagit i dessa möten. Tanken med återkopplingarna är att ge underlag för förbättringsarbetet inom respektive akutmottagning.Resultaten av intervjustudien och enkätstudien visar att det finns en stor variation mellan de olika akutmottagningarna med avseende på hur arbetet organiseras, hur arbetsmiljön blir för läkarna, hur läkarna mår och i vilken grad de vill stanna kvar på akutmottagningen.De tre distinkta faserna inflöde, vårdprocess och utflöde utgör ramen för arbetets förutsättningar på akutmottagningar. Hur inflödet organiseras beror dels på politiska beslut, dels på triage processen inom akutmottagningen. Ofta görs arbetet i team, ett välfungerande team ger bättre förutsättningar i arbetet än team med oerfarna medlemmar. Att arbeta i team kan vara en ny erfarenhet för många läkare och övrig vårdpersonal och ställer krav på relevant utbildning för detta. Även oklarheter i rollerna inom teamet kan försvåra arbetet.Många akutläkare rapporterar att vårdprocessen inom akutmottagningarna organiserats så att de får många oskäliga och onödiga arbetsuppgifter: dubbeldokumentation, att jaga vårdplatser, rutiner kring intagning eller överflyttning av patienter, administrativa uppgifter, mm. Denna typ av arbetsuppgifter fördubblar risken för arbetsrelaterad anspänning och utmattning bland akutläkarna. Många akutläkare upplever också oacceptabel tidspress och överbelastning, samtidigt som de anser sig ha måttligt inflytande över verksamhetsnära frågor om hur arbetet skall organiseras. Ett gott inflytande över arbetet kan kompensera för höga krav, men i denna studie finner vi inte belägg för att graden av inflytande kompenserar för de höga kraven. Höga krav i arbetet har starka samband med en ökad risk för trötthet bland akutläkare.Generellt sett har läkarna en mycket positiv inställning till den nya specialiteten och de menar att patientflödet förbättras. Akutläkare uppfattas dock ha låg status jämfört med traditionella specialiteter. Följande slutsatser dras från denna studie.De flesta akutläkare mår bra, men en tredjedel av akutläkarna har symptom på arbetsrelaterad anspänning, utmattning och trötthet. Dessa symptom är vanligare bland kvinnliga akutläkare. Symptomen har starka samband med arbetets organisering. Organisering av arbetet bidrar till förekomsten av onödiga och oskäliga arbetsuppgifter och hög arbetsbelastning. Akutläkarna har inte inflytande över verksamhetsnära frågor och upplever sin autonomi och sitt inflytande som reducerat på grund av organisatoriska förändringar. Ett gott arbetsklimat innebär att risken för att utveckla dessa symptom minskar. Ett gott arbetsklimat bygger dels på ett väl fungerande teamarbete, dels på ett gott ledarskap där akutläkarna uppfattar att de får stöd och återkoppling på sitt arbete.Införande av nya organisations- och flödesmodeller inspirerade av lean och teamorganisering används för att effektivisera arbetet. I denna förändringsprocess går verksamheten från en vertikal organisation som bygger på profession till en horisontell organisation som bygger på teamarbete. Detta kan skapa otydliga professionsgränser mellan läkare och annan vårdpersonal. Studien pekar på att det kan finnas vissa motsättningar mellan olika yrkesgrupper på akutmottagningarna och att det kan finnas oklarheter i vem som är teamledare. Tydlighet i roll- och ansvarsfördelning är inte alltid utvecklad, vilket kan leda till meningsmotsättningar. Akutmottagningar uppfattas ofta som sjuksköterskornas arena, medan läkare, som har det medicinska ansvaret, uppfattar sig som faktiska ledare. En viktig förutsättning för ett väl fungerande teamarbete är att de olika ingående professionerna har fått träning och utbildning i teamarbete.En relativt stor andel av de läkare som arbetar på akutmottagningar, eller som avser att bli specialister i akutsjukvård, är inte helt tillfreds med sina arbetsförhållanden. Ungefär hälften av läkarna har övervägt att byta arbetsgivare eller att byta klinik. Viljan att stanna kvar inom akutmottagningen har starkt samband med om läkaren får stöd och feedback från ledningen. Andra studier har visat att symptom på utmattning ökar benägenheten att byta arbete. Majoriteten av de som svarat på enkäten är ST-läkare inom akutsjukvård vilket indikerar att det är viktigt att tidigt uppmärksamma symptom på utmattning för att förebygga att yngre läkare väljer att lämna arbetet.Hur arbetet på akutmottagningar organiseras har betydelse för arbetsmiljön och för om processer och flöden möjliggör för läkarna att utföra sitt arbete på ett säkert och effektivt sätt. En akutmottagning måste ses som en del i vårdkedjan i ett större system, men också att akutmottagningen är ett system i sig med lokala förutsättningar som styr in- och utflödet av patienter. Interventioner för att förbättra arbetsförhållanden kan därför inte begränsas till enskilda faktorer utan bygga på hur förutsättningar för hälsopromotiva arbets- och lärmiljöer skapas i organisationer.
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| 43. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2018. - 1
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Ingår i: Yrkesutbildning – mellan skola och arbetsliv. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144121413 ; , s. 13-22
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 44. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Formal and Informal Learning – Experiences from a Competence Development Programme Targeting Manufacturing SMEs
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economy in an era of globalization and international competition (European Commission, 2007). It is therefore of importance to deepen our knowledge of conditions that enable innovativeness in SMEs so that such companies remain globally competitive. In recent years, a variety of training and competence development initiatives, in particular efforts that focus on the application of Lean production, have been undertaken in Sweden to support the development of innovation and competitiveness in SMEs. In Sweden, one such initiative is the national competence programme The Production Leap and more than 200 enterprises have participated in the programme’s main components: courses for education in Lean, and coaching of individual enterprises. The aim of this paper is to investigate in what way competence development activities offered by The Production Leap were linked to informal learning within enterprises, and the conditions that facilitate or hinder learning that can contribute to production improvements. The discussion draws on empirical material based on 17 interviews with owners, managers, Lean coordinators and operators from four manufacturing SMEs that participated in The Production Leap.Based on empirical findings, two conclusions can be made. The first is that competence development activities focusing on Lean production are an important trigger for innovative learning in SMEs. The formal competence development activities offered in the Production Leap programme seemed to have a better impact if the learning environment inside the enterprise was supportive. Competence development as a trigger for innovative learning and thus a driving force for innovation is important but less useful if it is not integrated into daily work activities. The second conclusion made is that three different ways of linking formal and informal learning within the enterprises were identified in terms of different approaches; Lean coordinator-driven approach, engineer-driven approach and an employee-driven approach. All three approaches had some element of employees generating and implementing ideas and actions. In the first two approaches there was joint learning between the employees and Lean coordinator/engineer in the generation and implementation of ideas and actions that took place within the continuous improvement work. Therefore, we suggest that it is essential to consider that employee-driven innovations may be assumed to take different shapes, involving other functions that have the capacity to support innovative learning that goes beyond minor adjustments in the existing standards of the production.
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| 45. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Learning to promote health at an emergency care department : identifying expansive and restrictive conditions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Studies in Continuing Education. - : Routledge. - 0158-037X .- 1470-126X. ; 37:1, s. 18-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports on the findings of a planned workplace health promotion intervention, and the aim is to identify conditions that facilitated or restricted the learning to promote health at an emergency care department in a Swedish hospital. The study had a longitudinal design, with interviews before and after the intervention and follow-up interviews one year after the intervention. Data were collected through individual interviews with employees and managers, in total 69 interviews. In addition, data were collected from documents. The study provided insight into conditions which were found to act as expansive and restrictive reinforcements for learning to promote health. The conclusion is that the workplace health promotion intervention was shaped by conditions that existed outside the local workplace level which restricted the workplace health promotion. Nevertheless, collective employee-driven activities had the capacity to facilitate learning for change in order to create a health-promoting workplace. The advantage of combining theories of learning and workplace health promotion provided a holistic analytical view of learning to promote health at work and helped to uncover and monitor changed conditions during a planned workplace health promotion intervention.
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| 46. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Pedagogik i arbetslivet – forskningsområdets utveckling under 2005-2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige. - 1401-6788 .- 2001-3345. ; 21:3-4, s. 165-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I denna artikel ger vi en överblick av utvecklingen inom forskningsområdet pedagogik i arbetslivet. Underlaget bygger på 87 avhandlingar i pedagogik inom forskningsområdet pedagogik i arbetslivet som publicerats i Sverige under 2005-2015. Avhandlingarna kategoriseras i följande områden: rekrytering; kompetens och kompetensutveckling; arbetsplatslärande och arbetsplatsen som lärmiljö; chefers ledarskap, arbete och lärande samt ledarutveckling; organisations- och verksamhetsutveckling samt förändringsprocesser; interorganisatoriskt lärande och samverkan i partnerskap; lärande i övergången mellan utbildning och arbete; samt professionell praktik, identitet och professionsutveckling. Genom en fortsatt inriktning och utveckling av pedagogisk forskning i arbetslivet kan denna typ av forskning ge viktiga bidrag till att kritiskt ifrågasätta dagens arbetsliv och bidra till arbetsplatsnära forskning i riktning mot ett hållbart arbetsliv.
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| 47. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Students’ Vocational Learning: Enabling Conditions for Putting Knowledge to Work
- 2018
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Ingår i: Handbook of Vocational Education and Training: Developments in the Changing World of Work. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319497891 ; , s. 1-18
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to contribute knowledge about school-related and workplace-related conditions that enable students’ vocational learning during workplace-based learning within vocational education. The research underpinning the chapter draws on evidence from a research project on students’ vocational learning in the industrial vocational education program at six different Swedish upper secondary schools. The theoretical concept of recontextualization contributes to uncovering the dynamic conditions that enable students’ vocational learning as they bring knowledge from the school context to the workplace context and back in vocational education programs. The argument is that both school- and workplace-related conditions must support putting knowledge to work in the workplace context. The ways in which different types of knowledge are put to use form the basis for examining how school-related and work-related conditions can support students in their vocational learning. The students’ ways of making sense of workplace-based learning as an extension of their educational program and of putting knowledge to work in the workplace are connected with their identity formation processes. Students use different learning strategies to bridge school-based and workplace-based knowledge that support changes in the workplace. The implications of this study are discussed in terms of potential changes in practices for vocational learning in the context of vocational education.
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| 48. |
- Gustavsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Textanalys
- 2018
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Ingår i: Metod : guide för historiska studier / Martin Gustavsson, Yvonne Svanström (red.). - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144107943 ; , s. 69-96
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 49. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The Learning Potential of Boundary Crossing in the Context of Product Introduction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Vocations and Learning. - : Springer. - 1874-785X .- 1874-7868. ; 10:2, s. 235-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim is to explore challenges related to the integration between product development and production in product introduction and, given these challenges, to analyse the learning potential of boundary crossing in the context of product introduction. The paper draws on evidence from a Swedish manufacturing company. The theoretical framework is based on a boundary-crossing perspective, which in turn is framed by a workplace learning perspective. Data were collected through interviews with 19 employees from the product development department and 21 employees from the production plant, and 8 focus-group interviews. Within the company, there were many challenges related to product introduction, but the findings also show these challenges can provide learning opportunities by enabling the boundaries to be crossed between the product development department and the production plant. Several forms of intrapersonal or interpersonal boundary crossing were identified. Individuals acted as brokers, and prototypes, pre-series, DfA analysis and a crossfunctional team served as boundary objects and encounters. Nothing in our study indicates that the boundary crossing identified on the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels created learning potentials on the organisational level in the company. The conclusion is that it is necessary to consider the learning potential made available by boundary crossing in order to support learning, and thereby improve the integration between product development and production in product introduction. By seeing and using prototypes and pre-series production as learning opportunities you can create a better preparedness and provide collective access to knowledge required for successful product introduction.
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| 50. |
- Gustavsson, Maria, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Yrkesutbildning – mellan skola och arbetsliv
- 2018. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gymnasial yrkesutbildning utgör en viktig del av det svenska utbildningssystemet och har ett komplext samhälls- och utbildningsuppdrag. Arbetslivet och skolan kan ha skilda förväntningar och målsättningar som ibland är svårförenliga. Yrkesutbildningarna ska å ena sidan svara mot arbetsmarknadens behov av yrkeskunskaper och leda till arbete. De ska å andra sidan även ge en bred allmänutbildning för att främja ett livslångt lärande. Boken belyser balansakten mellan skola och arbetsliv: hur yrkeslärare, elever och handledare på arbetsplatser anpassar och balanserar de politiska kraven och det mångsidiga samhällsuppdraget på lokal nivå. Boken ger ett helhetsperspektiv på gymnasial yrkesutbildning och beskriver bland annatyrkeslärares och handledares pedagogiska och didaktiska utmaningarelevers strategier för lärande på arbetsplatsenbehovet av samverkan mellan olika kategorier lärare för ämnesintegrerad och yrkesrelaterad undervisningyrkeslärares behov av kompetensutveckling i sitt yrkesämne.Boken bidrar till praktiknära kunskap om gymnasial yrkesutbildning och hur balansakten mellan utbildning och arbetsliv kan förstås och utvecklas. Den är skriven för blivande och redan aktiva yrkeslärare, men vänder sig också till rektorer och skolledare som har ansvar för att samverkan mellan skola och arbetsliv fungerar i yrkesutbildningen.
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