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1.	Lui, K, et al. (author) Trends in Outcomes for Neonates Born Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight in 11 High-Income Countries 2019 In: The Journal of pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6833 .- 0022-3476. ; 215, s. 32- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
2.	D’Ammando, F., et al. (author) The most powerful flaring activity from the NLSy1 PMN J0948+0022 2015 In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 446:3, s. 2456-2467 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We report on multifrequency observations performed during 2012 December–2013 August of the first narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy detected in γ-rays, PMN J0948+0022 (z = 0.5846). A γ-ray flare was observed by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi during 2012 December–2013 January, reaching a daily peak flux in the 0.1–100 GeV energy range of (155 ± 31) × 10−8 ph cm−2 s−1 on 2013 January 1, corresponding to an apparent isotropic luminosity of ∼1.5 × 1048 erg s−1. The γ-ray flaring period triggered Swift and Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observations in addition to radio and optical monitoring by Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments, and Catalina Real-time Transient Survey. A strong flare was observed in optical, UV, and X-rays on 2012 December 30, quasi-simultaneously to the γ-ray flare, reaching a record flux for this source from optical to γ-rays. VERITAS observations at very high energy (E > 100 GeV) during 2013 January 6–17 resulted in an upper limit of F>0.2 TeV < 4.0 × 10−12 ph cm−2 s−1. We compared the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the flaring state in 2013 January with that of an intermediate state observed in 2011. The two SEDs, modelled as synchrotron emission and an external Compton scattering of seed photons from a dust torus, can be modelled by changing both the electron distribution parameters and the magnetic field.
3.	Wu, Lang, et al. (author) A transcriptome-wide association study of 229,000 women identifies new candidate susceptibility genes for breast cancer. 2018 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:7, s. 968-978 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract , including 14 genes at loci not yet reported for breast cancer. We silenced 13 genes and showed an effect for 11 on cell proliferation and/or colony-forming efficiency. Our study provides new insights into breast cancer genetics and biology.
4.	Tandstad, T., et al. (author) Treatment of stage I seminoma, with one course of adjuvant carboplatin or surveillance, risk-adapted recommendations implementing patient autonomy: a report from the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA) 2016 In: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 27:7, s. 1299-1304 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A total of 1118 patients with clinical stage I seminoma one course of adjuvant carboplatin or managed by surveillance were included. Stromal invasion of rete testis and tumor size > 4 cm are confirmed as risk factors predicting relapse. Relapse rates following one course of adjuvant carboplatin is high and there is need to explore more effective adjuvant treatment options in patients with seminoma.The purpose of the protocol was to reduce the treatment burden in clinical stage I (CSI) seminoma by offering risk-adapted treatment. The protocol aimed to prospectively validate the proposed risk factors for relapse, stromal invasion of the rete testis and tumor diameter > 4 cm, and to evaluate the efficacy of one course of adjuvant carboplatin. From 2007 to 2010, 897 patients were included in a prospective, population-based, risk-adapted treatment protocol implementing one course of adjuvant carboplatin AUC7 (>n = 469) or surveillance (>n = 422). In addition, results from 221 patients receiving carboplatin between 2004 and 2007 are reported. At a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 69 relapses have occurred. Stromal invasion of the rete testis [hazard ratio (HR) 1.9, >P = 0.011] and tumor diameter > 4 cm (HR 2.7, >P < 0.001) were identified as risk factors predicting relapse. In patients without risk factors, the relapse rate (RR) was 4.0% for patients managed by surveillance and 2.2% in patients receiving adjuvant carboplatin. In patients with one or two risk factors, the RR was 15.5% in patients managed by surveillance and 9.3% in patients receiving adjuvant carboplatin. We found no increased RR in patients receiving carboplatin < 7 x AUC compared with that in patients receiving a parts per thousand yen7 x AUC. Stromal invasion in the rete testis and tumor diameter > 4 cm are risk factors for relapse in CSI seminoma. Patients without risk factors have a low RR and adjuvant therapy is not justified in these patients. The efficacy of adjuvant carboplatin is relatively low and there is need to explore more effective adjuvant treatment options in patients with high-risk seminoma. The data do not support the concept of a steep dose response for adjuvant carboplatin.
5.	Johannsen, A., et al. (author) Consumption of Dental Treatment in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a Register Study 2015 In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare the consumption of dental treatment among patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to age and gender matched control groups. The study group comprised 2085 patients with CD and 3161 with UC from the Uppsala-Orebro region and from the Stockholm region. The patients in the cohort were diagnosed between 1960 and 1989. Patients up to 70 years of age were included in the study. The two patients groups were compared to age- and gender-matched, randomly selected control groups from the same geographic area comprising a corresponding number of participants. CD patients had significantly higher total number of procedures registered (p < 0.000). The difference was most pronounced for removable dentures (+65%), fillings in front teeth (+52%) and endodontic treatment (+46%) when Crohn's patients were compared to controls (p<0.001). The corresponding figures for UC patients were also a significantly higher total number of procedures (p < 0.005), more clinical examinations (p<0.000), fillings in canines and incisors (p < 0.001) and fillings in bicuspids and molars (p < 0.000). This study demonstrate that CD and UC individuals use more dental treatment compared to an age-gender matched control group, and more caries-related treatments. The difference was most pronounced for restorative treatment in patients with Crohn's.
6.	Petimar, Joshua, et al. (author) A Pooled Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies on the Association between Fruit, Vegetable, and Mature Bean Consumption and Risk of Prostate Cancer. 2017 In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 26:8, s. 1276-1287 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Relationships between fruit, vegetable, and mature bean consumption and prostate cancer risk are unclear.Methods: We examined associations between fruit and vegetable groups, specific fruits and vegetables, and mature bean consumption and prostate cancer risk overall, by stage and grade, and for prostate cancer mortality in a pooled analysis of 15 prospective cohorts, including 52,680 total cases and 3,205 prostate cancer-related deaths among 842,149 men. Diet was measured by a food frequency questionnaire or similar instrument at baseline. We calculated study-specific relative risks using Cox proportional hazards regression, and then pooled these estimates using a random effects model.Results: We did not observe any statistically significant associations for advanced prostate cancer or prostate cancer mortality with any food group (including total fruits and vegetables, total fruits, total vegetables, fruit and vegetable juice, cruciferous vegetables, and tomato products), nor specific fruit and vegetables. In addition, we observed few statistically significant results for other prostate cancer outcomes. Pooled multivariable relative risks comparing the highest versus lowest quantiles across all fruit and vegetable exposures and prostate cancer outcomes ranged from 0.89 to 1.09. There was no evidence of effect modification for any association by age or body mass index.Conclusions: Results from this large, international, pooled analysis do not support a strong role of collective groupings of fruits, vegetables, or mature beans in prostate cancer.Impact: Further investigation of other dietary exposures, especially indicators of bioavailable nutrient intake or specific phytochemicals, should be considered for prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1276-87. ©2017 AACR.
7.	Bonnevier, A, et al. (author) [Born a few weeks too early; does it matter?] 2019 In: Lakartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 116 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
8.	Gref, A, et al. (author) Dietary total antioxidant capacity in early school age and subsequent allergic disease. 2017 In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 47:6, s. 751-759 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Dietary antioxidant intake has been hypothesized to influence the development of allergic diseases; however, few prospective studies have investigated this association.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet at age 8 years and the subsequent development of asthma, rhinitis and sensitization to inhalant allergens between 8 and 16 years, and to assess potential effect modification by known risk factors.METHODS: A total of 2359 children from the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE were included. Dietary TAC at age 8 years was estimated by combining information on the child's diet the past 12 months from a food frequency questionnaire with a database of common foods analysed with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method. Classification of asthma and rhinitis was based on questionnaires, and serum IgE antibodies were measured at 8 and 16 years.RESULTS: A statistically significant inverse association was observed between TAC of the diet and incident sensitization to inhalant allergens (adjusted odds ratio: 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.55-0.97 for the third compared to the first tertile, P-value for trend = 0.031). Effect modification by traffic-related air pollution exposure was observed, with a stronger association between dietary TAC and sensitization among children with low traffic-related air pollution exposure (P-value for interaction = 0.029). There was no evidence for effect modification by GSTP1 or TNF genotypes, although these results should be interpreted with caution. No clear associations were observed between TAC and development of rhinitis or asthma, although a significant inverse association was observed for allergic asthma (ORadj 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.94).CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Higher TAC of the diet in early school age may decrease the risk of developing sensitization to inhalant allergens from childhood to adolescence. These findings indicate that implementing an antioxidant-rich diet in childhood may contribute to the prevention of allergic disease.
9.	Hallström, Elinor, et al. (author) Climate impact of alcohol consumption in Sweden 2018 In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 201, s. 287-294 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Knowledge about the environmental impact of alcohol is limited and as an effect alcohol is often excluded from environmental studies of diets or included in incomplete ways. This paper describes the climate impact of beer, wine and liquor by using life cycle assessment. The climate impact is quantified per litre of specific alcoholic beverages and per total amount of alcohol consumed based on self-reported data of 50 000 individuals from 2009 within two population-based cohorts in Sweden. The results show that alcoholic beverages generate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the range of 0.73–2.38 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per litre. Alcohol consumption in the population studied generates on average 52 kg CO2e per person and year. Within the 10% of the population with the highest intake of alcohol GHG emissions are up to 202 kg CO2e per person and year. Consumption of wine is responsible for the largest share of GHG emissions from alcoholic beverages (61%) followed by beer (33%), while liquor and strong wine account for a smaller share (6%). Alcohol consumption among men generates 90% higher GHG emissions than among women. Alcohol consumption and in consequence alcohol-related emissions are decreasing with increasing age of men and women. Our results indicate that alcohol consumption in Swedish men and women is responsible for an average of 3% of total diet-related GHG emissions and in sub-populations with the highest consumption up to 6–11%. Limiting alcohol could be an effective option to reduce the climate impact of diets, especially among men.
10.	Håkansson, A., et al. (author) Gambling habits, gambling norms, and problem gambling in foreign born and native populations in Denmark — A general population survey 2019 In: Addictive Behaviors Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8532. ; 9 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Being foreign born, i.e. not born in the reception country or belonging to an ethnic minority, has been described as a risk factor of problem gambling, although research so far has been inconclusive. Also, there is limited knowledge about whether this association is caused by differing gambling norms. The present study aimed to study whether foreign origin is associated with problem gambling, when controlling for several potential risk factors, gambling frequency and beliefs about peer gambling, i.e. gambling norms. Methods: Cross-sectional web survey including 1970 adult individuals from the general population in Denmark (50% female), in April 2018. Binary analyses and hierarchical logistic regression with respect to associations between foreign origin, relevant co-factors and problem gambling. Results: Problem gambling was more common in individuals with foreign origin (15 vs 10%, p = 0.01). In logistic regression, problem gambling was associated with male sex, gambling frequency, foreign origin, psychological distress, smoking, and number of gambling types used. Beliefs about peer gambling did not differ with respect to foreign origin, but were associated with problem gambling until one's own gambling frequency was entered into the model. Conclusions: When controlling for a number of relevant risk factors, foreign origin still appears to predict problem gambling. Gambling patterns or gambling norms are unlikely to be the sole explanation of the increased prevalence. The findings have implications for preventive work in the foreign born population, and gambling norms may be targeted in screening for at-risk gamblers.
11.	Irungu, Beatrice N., et al. (author) Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of the constituents of Turraea robusta and Turraea nilotica 2015 In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0378-8741 .- 1872-7573. ; 174, s. 419-425 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance: Turraea robusta and Turraea nilotica are African medicinal plants used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, including malaria. The genus Turraea is rich in limonoids and other triterpenoids known to possess various biological activities. Materials and methods: From the stem bark of T. robusta six compounds, and from various parts of T. nilotica eleven compounds were isolated by the use of a combination of chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using NMR and MS, whilst the relative configuration of one of the isolated compounds, toonapubesin F, was established by X-ray crystallography. The antiplasmodial activities of the crude extracts and the isolated constituents against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum were determined using the semiautomated micro dilution technique that measures the ability of the extracts to inhibit the incorporation of (G-3H, where G is guanine) hypoxanthine into the malaria parasite. The cytotoxicity of the crude extracts and their isolated constituents was evaluated against the mammalian cell lines African monkey kidney (vero), mouse breast cancer (4T1) and human larynx carcinoma (HEp2). Results: The extracts showed good to moderate antiplasmodial activities, where the extract of the stem bark of T. robusta was also cytotoxic against the 4T1 and the HEp2 cells (IC50<10 μg/ml). The compounds isolated from these extracts were characterized as limonoids, protolimonoids and phytosterol glucosides. These compounds showed good to moderate activities with the most active one being azadironolide, IC50 2.4±0.03 μM and 1.1±0.01 μM against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively; all other compounds possessed IC50 14.4-40.5 μM. None of the compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against vero cells, yet four of them were toxic against the 4T1 and HEp2 cancer cell lines with piscidinol A having IC50 8.0±0.03 and 8.4 ±0.01 μM against the 4T1 and HEp2 cells, respectively. Diacetylation of piscidinol A resulted in reduced cytotoxicity. Conclusion: From the medicinal plants T. robusta and T. nilotica, twelve compounds were isolated and characterized; two of the isolated compounds, namely 11-epi-toonacilin and azadironolide showed good antiplasmodial activity with the highest selectivity indices. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
12.	Koller-Smith, Louise I. M., et al. (author) Comparing very low birth weight versus very low gestation cohort methods for outcome analysis of high risk preterm infants 2017 In: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Compared to very low gestational age (<32 weeks, VLGA) cohorts, very low birth weight (<1500 g; VLBW) cohorts are more prone to selection bias toward small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants, which may impact upon the validity of data for benchmarking purposes. Method: Data from all VLGA or VLBW infants admitted in the 3 Networks between 2008 and 2011 were used. Two-thirds of each network cohort was randomly selected to develop prediction models for mortality and composite adverse outcome (CAO: mortality or cerebral injuries, chronic lung disease, severe retinopathy or necrotizing enterocolitis) and the remaining for internal validation. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of themodels were compared. Results: VLBW cohort (24,335 infants) had twice more SGA infants (20.4% vs. 9.3%) than the VLGA cohort (29,180 infants) and had a higher rate of CAO (36.5% vs. 32.6%). The two models had equal prediction power for mortality and CAO (AUC 0.83), and similarly for all other cross-cohort validations (AUC 0.81-0.85). Neither model performed well for the extremes of birth weight for gestation (<1500 g and >= 32 weeks, AUC 0.50-0.65; >= 1500 g and >= 32 weeks, AUC 0.60-0.62). Conclusion: There was no difference in prediction power for adverse outcome between cohorting VLGA or VLBW despite substantial bias in SGA population. Either cohorting practises are suitable for international benchmarking.
13.	Koushik, Anita, et al. (author) Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and folate and the risk of ovarian cancer in a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies. 2015 In: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 26:9, s. 1315-27 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract PURPOSE: Vitamins A, C, and E and folate have anticarcinogenic properties and thus might protect against cancer. Few known modifiable risk factors for ovarian cancer exist. We examined the associations between dietary and total (food and supplemental) vitamin intake and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer.METHODS: The primary data from 10 prospective cohort studies in North America and Europe were analyzed. Vitamin intakes were estimated from validated food frequency questionnaires in each study. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model and then combined using a random-effects model.RESULTS: Among 501,857 women, 1,973 cases of ovarian cancer occurred over a median follow-up period of 7-16 years across studies. Dietary and total intakes of each vitamin were not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk. The pooled multivariate RRs [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for incremental increases in total intake of each vitamin were 1.02 (0.97-1.07) for vitamin A (increment: 1,300 mcg/day), 1.01 (0.99-1.04) for vitamin C (400 mg/day), 1.02 (0.97-1.06) for vitamin E (130 mg/day), and 1.01 (0.96-1.07) for folate (250 mcg/day). Multivitamin use (vs. nonuse) was not associated with ovarian cancer risk (pooled multivariate RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.89-1.12). Associations did not vary substantially by study, or by subgroups of the population. Greater vitamin intakes were associated with modestly higher risks of endometrioid tumors (n = 156 cases), but not with other histological types.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that consumption of vitamins A, C, and E and folate during adulthood does not play a major role in ovarian cancer risk.
14.	Lawrence, M. A. W., et al. (author) Synthesis and Structure of a Novel Substituted Benzothiazolyl-N-phenyl-2-pyridinecarbothioamide; Kinetics of Formation and Electrochemistry of Two of its Palladium Pincer Complexes 2015 In: Australian Journal of Chemistry. - : CSIRO Publishing. - 0004-9425. ; 68:5, s. 731-741 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The synthesis and crystal structures of bis-N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarbothioamide (dicarbothioamide I) and 6-(4,7-dimethoxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecar bothioamide (L-1) as well as the syntheses of the palladium(ii) chloride and acetate pincer complexes are reported. The stability constant for the palladium complex formation at 25 degrees C was found to be (2.04 +/- 0.26)x10(4)dm(3)mol(-1) and (2.30 +/- 0.19)x10(4)dm(3)mol(-1) with H-f=8 +/- 1kJmol(-1), S-f=108 +/- 10JK(-1)mol(-1), and H-f=17 +/- 4kJmol(-1) and S-f=140 +/- 20JK(-1)mol(-1) for the PdClL1 and Pd(OAc)L-1, respectively. The kinetics of formation of the palladium(ii) complexes were investigated and the mechanism is proposed to be associative in nature (H-1(double dagger)=34 +/- 2kJmol(-1) and S-1(double dagger)=-113 +/- 8JK(-1)mol(-1), and H-1(double dagger)=37 +/- 3kJmol(-1) and S-1(double dagger)=-100 +/- 8JK(-1)mol(-1) for the PdClL1 and Pd(OAc)L-1 species, respectively). The electrochemical measurements of the acetonitrile solutions revealed irreversible electron transfers consistent with the electrochemical decomposition of the ligand and its coordination complexes.
15.	Noresson, A. L., et al. (author) Designing interactions by control of protein-ligand complex conformation : Tuning arginine-arene interaction geometry for enhanced electrostatic protein-ligand interactions 2018 In: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 9:4, s. 1014-1021 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We investigated galectin-3 binding to 3-benzamido-2-O-sulfo-galactoside and -thiodigalactoside ligands using a combination of site-specific mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, computational approaches, and binding thermodynamics measurements. The results reveal a conformational variability in a surface-exposed arginine (R144) side chain in response to different aromatic C3-substituents of bound galactoside-based ligands. Fluorinated C3-benzamido substituents induced a shift in the side-chain conformation of R144 to allow for an entropically favored electrostatic interaction between its guanidine group and the 2-O-sulfate of the ligand. By contrast, binding of ligands with non-fluorinated substituents did not trigger a conformational change of R144. Hence, a sulfate-arginine electrostatic interaction can be tuned by the choice of ligand C3-benzamido structures to favor specific interaction modes and geometries. These results have important general implications for ligand design, as the proper choice of arginine-aromatic interacting partners opens up for ligand-controlled protein conformation that in turn may be systematically exploited in ligand design.
16.	Petimar, J, et al. (author) Coffee, tea, and caffeine intake and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in a pooled analysis of eight prospective cohort studies. 2019 In: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 26:3, s. 468-475 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Caffeine is associated with a lower risk of some neurological diseases, but few prospective studies have investigated caffeine intake and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mortality. We therefore determined associations between coffee, tea and caffeine intake, and risk of ALS mortality.METHODS: We conducted pooled analyses of eight international, prospective cohort studies, including 351 565 individuals (120 688 men and 230 877 women). We assessed coffee, tea and caffeine intake using validated food-frequency questionnaires administered at baseline. We used Cox regression to estimate study- and sex-specific risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ALS mortality, which were then pooled using a random-effects model. We conducted analyses using cohort-specific tertiles, absolute common cut-points and continuous measures of all exposures.RESULTS: During follow-up, 545 ALS deaths were documented. We did not observe statistically significant associations between coffee, tea or caffeine intake and risk of ALS mortality. The pooled multivariable risk ratio (MVRR) for ≥3 cups per day vs. >0 to <1 cup per day was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.74-1.47) for coffee and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.77-1.79) for tea. The pooled MVRR comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of caffeine intake (mg/day) was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.80-1.23). No statistically significant results were observed when exposures were modeled as tertiles or continuously.CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support associations between coffee, tea or total caffeine intake and risk of ALS mortality.
17.	Steinhaus, Daniel A, et al. (author) Chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure : Findings from the Cohort of Swedish Men. 2017 In: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 183, s. 18-23 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of chocolate consumption and heart failure (HF) in a large population of Swedish men.METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 31,917 men 45-79 years old with no history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, or HF at baseline who were participants in the population-based Cohort of Swedish Men study. Chocolate consumption was assessed through a self-administrated food frequency questionnaire. Participants were followed for HF hospitalization or mortality from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2011, using record linkage to the Swedish inpatient and cause-of-death registries.RESULTS: During 14 years of follow-up, 2,157 men were hospitalized (n=1,901) or died from incident HF (n=256). Compared with subjects who reported no chocolate intake, the multivariable-adjusted rate ratio of HF was 0.88 (95% CI 0.78-0.99) for those consuming 1-3 servings per month, 0.83 (95% CI 0.72-0.94) for those consuming 1-2 servings per week, 0.82 (95% CI 0.68-0.99) for those consuming 3-6 servings per week, and 1.10 (95% CI 0.84-1.45) for those consuming ≥1 serving per day (P for quadratic trend=.001).CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective cohort study, there was a J-shaped relationship between chocolate consumption and HF incidence. Moderate chocolate consumption was associated with a lower rate of HF hospitalization or death, but the protective association was not observed among individuals consuming ≥1 serving per day. Journal Subject Codes: Etiology: Epidemiology, Heart failure: Congestive.
18.	Wendin, Karin, et al. (author) Exploring the meal concept – an interdisciplinary literature overview 2015 In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Culinary Arts and Sciences. Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
19.	Beltempo, Marc, et al. (author) Respiratory Management of Extremely Preterm Infants : An International Survey 2018 In: Neonatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-7800 .- 1661-7819. ; 114:1, s. 28-36 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: There are significant international variations in chronic lung disease rates among very preterm infants yet there is little data on international variations in respiratory strategies.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate practice variations in the respiratory management of extremely preterm infants born at < 29 weeks' gestational age (GA) among 10 neonatal networks participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of Neonates collaboration.METHODS: A web-based survey was sent to the representatives of 390 neonatal intensive care units from Australia/New Zealand, Canada, Finland, Illinois (USA), Israel, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Tuscany (Italy). Responses were based on practices in 2015.RESULTS: Overall, 321 of the 390 units responded (82%). The majority of units within networks (40-92%) mechanically ventilate infants born at 23-24 weeks' GA on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with 30-39% oxygen in respiratory distress within 48 h after birth, but the proportion of units that offer mechanical ventilation for infants born at 25-26 weeks' GA at similar settings varied significantly (20-85% of units within networks). The most common respiratory strategy for infants born at 27-28 weeks' GA on CPAP with 30-39% oxygen with respiratory distress within 48 h after birth used by units also varied significantly among networks: mechanical ventilation (0-60%), CPAP (3-82%), intubation and surfactant administration with immediate extubation (0-75%), and less invasive surfactant administration (0-68%).CONCLUSIONS: There are marked variations but also similarities in respiratory management of extremely preterm infants between networks. Further collaboration and exploration is needed to better understand the association of these variations in practice with pulmonary outcomes.
20.	Björn, Camilla, et al. (author) Efficacy and safety profile of the novel antimicrobial peptide PXL150 in a mouse model of infected burn wounds 2015 In: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 45:5, s. 519-524 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial therapies has stimulated interest in antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic candidates for the treatment of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-infectious effect of the synthetic antimicrobial peptide PXL150, formulated in hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) gel, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of infected burn wounds as well as to assess the in vivo safety profile of PXL150 in rats and rabbits. Minimal microbicidal concentration analysis showed prominent efficacy of PXL150 against P. aeruginosa in vitro, which was further enhanced in formulating the peptide in HPC gel. Application of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/g PXL150 in HPC gel twice daily for four consecutive days significantly reduced bacterial counts in the burn wounds compared with non-treated or placebo-treated controls. Continuous bioluminescence measurements of the bacteria revealed a pronounced anti-infective effect already at the first day post infection by PXL150 in concentrations of >= 2.5 mg/g. In the non-clinical safety studies, PXL150 showed a favourable safety profile following repeated administration systemically and locally in rats and rabbits, respectively. In conclusion, these data support that PXL150 has the potential to be an effective and safe drug candidate for the treatment of infected burn wounds. The findings encourage the progression of PXL150 as a novel topical treatment of microbial infections.
21.	Bustos, Atma Sol, et al. (author) Interaction Between Phenolic Compounds and Lipase : The Influence of Solubility and Presence of Particles in the IC50 Value 2018 In: Journal of Food Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 83:8, s. 2071-2076 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Obesity is one of the principal human health problems and one of the main treatments against it is the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, the main responsible enzyme of lipid digestion. For that purpose, previous studies have tested several phenolic compounds against lipase, without considering their aggregation behavior in aqueous solutions. Because of this, the present study focuses on understanding how the solubility and the presence of particles affect the IC50 value of the interaction between lipase and phenolic compounds present in beverages like fruit juices and teas. Therefore, the inhibitory capacity against pancreatic lipase and the aggregate formation of 9 phenolic compounds (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, cyanidin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and vanillic acid) were analyzed. The results obtained together with the solubility data from literature were treated by principal component analysis and indicate that the IC50 value does not correlate with the solubility or aggregate formation of the phenolic compounds. However, the IC50 values of phenolic compounds which aggregate during the assay conditions have low reproducibility. This study shows that the aggregate formation of phenolic compounds plays an important role during in vitro assays for pancreatic lipase inhibition and should be considered in future experiments as it can lead to false positive results. In terms of particle formation, the flavonoids investigated in this study are more prone to aggregation compared to the phenolic acids.
22.	Cole, S. G., et al. (author) Arctic games : An analytical framework for identifying options for sustainable natural resource governance 2016 In: The Polar Journal. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2154-896X .- 2154-8978. ; 6:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Changes in the Arctic are fuelled by a variety of drivers, including global warming, economic growth, improved access to natural resources, technological advances and globalisation processes. Further, the region is characterised by a diverse set of international agreements, national legislations and common pool resources. This presents challenges for actors to suggest, evaluate and agree on sustainable development alternatives. We propose an analytical framework to better understand (1) the types of trade-offs associated with Arctic futures and (2) actors’ incentives for strategic behaviour. In the framework, game theory illuminates incentives and strategies among actors, cost-benefit analysis and economic valuation of ecosystem services help identify socially desirable outcomes and institutional analysis provides insight on how governance structures can support or interfere with policy intervention. We apply the proposed framework by analysing possible oil development futures for Lofoten in Northern Norway. For example, institutional analysis and estimates of costs and benefits of reducing oil spill risk and their distribution among actors are used for discussing incentive structures, including the use of side payments as a mechanism to mitigate conflicting interests.
23.	Darlow, Brian A, et al. (author) International variations and trends in the treatment for retinopathy of prematurity 2017 In: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 101:10, s. 1399-1404 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and treatment of ROP by laser or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor among preterm neonates from high-income countries participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of neonates.METHODS: weeks' gestation who were admitted to neonatal units in Australia/New Zealand, Canada, Finland, Israel, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tuscany (Italy) and the UK between 2007 and 2013. Pairwise comparisons of ROP treatment in survivors between countries were evaluated by Poisson and multivariable logistic regression analyses after adjustment for confounders. A composite outcome of death or ROP treatment was compared between countries using logistic regression and standardised ratios.RESULTS: Of 48 087 infants included in the analysis, 81.8% survived to 32 weeks postmenstrual age, and 95% of survivors were screened for ROP. Rates of any ROP ranged from 25.2% to 91.0% in Switzerland and Japan, respectively, among those examined. The overall rate of those receiving treatment was 24.9%, which varied from 4.3% to 30.4%. Adjusted risk ratios for ROP treatment were lower for Switzerland in all pairwise comparisons, whereas Japan displayed significantly higher ratios. Comparisons of the composite outcome between countries revealed similar, but less marked differences.CONCLUSIONS: Rates of any ROP and ROP treatment varied significantly between iNeo members, while an overall decline in ROP treatment was observed during the study period. It is unclear whether these variations represent differences in care practices, diagnosis and/or treatment thresholds.
24.	Darlow, Brian A, et al. (author) Variations in Oxygen Saturation Targeting, and Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening and Treatment Criteria in Neonatal Intensive Care Units : An International Survey 2018 In: Neonatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-7800 .- 1661-7819. ; 114:4, s. 323-331 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Rates of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and ROP treatment vary between neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Neonatal care practices, including oxygen saturation (SpO2) targets and criteria for the screening and treatment of ROP, are potential contributing factors to the variations.OBJECTIVES: To survey variations in SpO2 targets in 2015 (and whether there had been recent changes) and criteria for ROP screening and treatment across the networks of the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes in Neonates (iNeo).METHODS: Online prepiloted questionnaires on treatment practices for preterm infants were sent to the directors of 390 NICUs in 10 collaborating iNeo networks. Nine questions were asked and the results were summarized and compared.RESULTS: Overall, 329/390 (84%) NICUs responded, and a majority (60%) recently made changes in upper and lower SpO2 target limits, with the median set higher than previously by 2-3% in 8 of 10 networks. After the changes, fewer NICUs (15 vs. 28%) set an upper SpO2 target limit > 95% and fewer (3 vs. 5%) a lower limit < 85%. There were variations in ROP screening criteria, and only in the Swedish network did all NICUs follow a single guideline. The initial retinal examination was carried out by an ophthalmologist in all but 6 NICUs, and retinal photography was used in 20% but most commonly as an adjunct to indirect ophthalmoscopy.CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variation in SpO2 targets and ROP screening and treatment criteria, both within networks and between countries.
25.	Di Renzo, G C, et al. (author) Intrapartum GBS screening and antibiotic prophylaxis : a European consensus conference 2015 In: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7058 .- 1476-4954. ; 7-8, s. 766-782 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Abstract Group B streptococcus (GBS) remains worldwide a leading cause of severe neonatal disease. Since the end of the 1990s, various strategies for prevention of the early onset neonatal disease have been implemented and have evolved. When a universal antenatal GBS screening-based strategy is used to identify women who are given an intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis, a substantial reduction of incidence up to 80% has been reported in the USA as in other countries including European countries. However recommendations are still a matter of debate due to challenges and controversies on how best to identify candidates for prophylaxis and to drawbacks of intrapartum administration of antibiotics. In Europe, some countries recommend either antenatal GBS screening or risk-based strategies, or any combination, and others do not have national or any other kind of guidelines for prevention of GBS perinatal disease. Furthermore, accurate population-based data of incidence of GBS neonatal disease are not available in some countries and hamper good effectiveness evaluation of prevention strategies. To facilitate a consensus towards European guidelines for the management of pregnant women in labor and during pregnancy for the prevention of GBS perinatal disease, a conference was organized in 2013 with a group of experts in neonatology, gynecology-obstetrics and clinical microbiology coming from European representative countries. The group reviewed available data, identified areas where results were suboptimal, where revised procedures and new technologies could improve current practices for prevention of perinatal GBS disease. The key decision issued after the conference is to recommend intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis based on a universal intrapartum GBS screening strategy using a rapid real time testing.
26.	Downer, Mary K., et al. (author) Dairy intake in relation to prostate cancer survival 2017 In: International Journal of Cancer. - Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 140:9, s. 2060-2069 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Dairy intake has been associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer. Two US cohort studies reported increased prostate cancer-specific mortality with increased high-fat milk intake. We examined whether dairy and related nutrient intake were associated with prostate cancer progression in a Swedish patient population with high dairy consumption. We prospectively followed 525 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (diagnosed 1989-1994). We identified and confirmed deaths through February 2011 (n = 222 prostate cancer-specific, n = 268 from other causes). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between food or nutrient intake and prostate cancer-specific death. On average, patients consumed 5.0 servings/day of total dairy products at diagnosis. In the whole population, high-fat milk intake was not associated with prostate cancer-specific death (95% CI: 0.78, 2.10; p-trend = 0.32; multivariate-adjusted model). However, among patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, compared to men who consumed <1 servings/day of high-fat milk, those who drank >= 3 servings/day had an increased hazard of prostate cancer mortality (HR = 6.10; 95% CI: 2.14, 17.37; p-trend = 0.004; multivariate-adjusted model). Low-fat milk intake was associated with a borderline reduction in prostate cancer death among patients with localized prostate cancer. These associations were not observed among patients diagnosed with advanced stage prostate cancer. Our data suggest a positive association between high-fat milk intake and prostate cancer progression among patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Further studies are warranted to investigate this association and elucidate the mechanisms by which high-fat milk intake may promote prostate cancer progression.
27.	Gemmell, L., et al. (author) Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and outcomes of preterm infants of 24 to 28 weeks' gestation 2016 In: Journal of Perinatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0743-8346 .- 1476-5543. ; 36:12, s. 1067-1072 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) and mortality and major morbidities in preterm neonates born at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation.STUDY DESIGN: Using an international cohort, we retrospectively studied 27 846 preterm neonates born at 24 to 286 weeks of gestation during 2007 to 2010 from 6 national neonatal databases. The incidence of HDP was compared across countries, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of HDP and neonatal outcomes including mortality to discharge, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe brain injury, necrotizing enterocolitis and treated retinopathy of prematurity.RESULTS: The incidence of HDP in the entire cohort was 13% (range 11 to 16% across countries). HDP was associated with reduced odds of mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67 to 0.88), severe brain injury (aOR 0.74; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.89) and treated retinopathy (aOR 0.82; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.96), but increased odds of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.27).CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with neonates born to mothers without HDP, neonates of HDP mothers had lower odds of mortality, severe brain injury and treated retinopathy, but higher odds of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The impact of maternal HDP on newborn outcomes was inconsistent across outcomes and among countries; therefore, further international collaboration to standardize terminology, case definition and data capture is warranted.
28.	Gunnarsson, A. Birgitta, et al. (author) Arbetsterapi för personer med depression och ångest : En randomiserad kontrollerad studie av Tree Theme Method® 2015 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Tema: InterventionStadier i livet: VuxnaProjekttyp: ForskningsarbeteBakgrund: Vid depression och ångest försvåras förmåga att klara vardagens aktiviteter liksom att relatera till andra. Svårigheterna bidrar till höga sjukskrivningstal. Tree Theme Method® (TTM) är en arbetsterapeutisk metod som syftar till ökad förmåga att utveckla strategier och struktur i vardagens aktiviteter. TTM består av 5 sessioner och innebär att måla och berätta sin livsberättelse med fokus på vardagslivets aktiviteter samt skapa en bild av framtida mål. Fokus i tidigare studier avseende TTM har varit processutvärdering. Nu är det viktigt att utvärdera eventuella effekter av interventionen. I den här studien prövas TTM mot kontroll. Kontrollgruppen får annan arbetsterapeutisk behandling, dvs 5 sessioner om vardagens aktiviteter och psykiskt välmående i den aktuella situationen. Hypotesen är att interventionsgruppen får högre grad av struktur i vardagens aktiviteter och förbättrad psykisk hälsa jämfört med kontrollgruppen.Syfte: Undersöka effekter av TTM jämfört med kontrollgrupp avseende aktivitet, psykiska symtom och självskattad hälsa.Metod: Randomiserad multicenterstudie i primärvård och vuxenpsykiatri. Totalt 130 patienter inkluderas. Inklusion är fastställd depression och/eller ångest, 18-65 år samt aktivitetsproblem. Patienter lottas till TTM alternativt annan arbetsterapeutisk behandling. Deltagarna besvarar självskattningsformulär avseende vardagens aktiviteter, psykiska symtom samt självskattad hälsa. Detta sker före och direkt efter behandling samt 3 och 12 månader efter avslutad behandling. Icke-parametrisk statistisk analys kommer att användas.Resultat/preliminärt resultat: Hittills har 55 patienter inkluderats. I nuläget finns inga preliminära resultat. Presentation av baslinjemätningar sker vid arbetsterapiforum.Slutsats: Det är betydelsefullt att kunna erbjuda patienter med depression och ångest olika behandlingsmetoder. Den här studien kan bidra till högre grad av evidens för arbetsterapeutisk behandling.
29.	Gunnarsson, A Birgitta, 1958, et al. (author) The Tree Theme Method® (TTM), an occupational therapy intervention for treating depression and anxiety: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. 2015 In: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 3:40 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
30.	Haghighi, Mona, et al. (author) A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study 2016 In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
31.	Helenius, Kjell, et al. (author) Survival in very preterm infants : an international comparison of 10 national neonatal networks 2017 In: Pediatrics. - : The American Academy of Pediatrics. - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 140:6 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: To compare survival rates and age at death among very preterm infants in 10 national and regional neonatal networks.METHODS: A cohort study of very preterm infants, born between 24 and 29 weeks' gestation and weighing <1500 g, admitted to participating neonatal units between 2007 and 2013 in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates. Survival was compared by using standardized ratios (SRs) comparing survival in each network to the survival estimate of the whole population.RESULTS: Network populations differed with respect to rates of cesarean birth, exposure to antenatal steroids and birth in nontertiary hospitals. Network SRs for survival were highest in Japan (SR: 1.10; 99% confidence interval: 1.08-1.13) and lowest in Spain (SR: 0.88; 99% confidence interval: 0.85-0.90). The overall survival differed from 78% to 93% among networks, the difference being highest at 24 weeks' gestation (range 35%-84%). Survival rates increased and differences between networks diminished with increasing gestational age (GA) (range 92%-98% at 29 weeks' gestation); yet, relative differences in survival followed a similar pattern at all GAs. The median age at death varied from 4 days to 13 days across networks.CONCLUSIONS: The network ranking of survival rates for very preterm infants remained largely unchanged as GA increased; however, survival rates showed marked variations at lower GAs. The median age at death also varied among networks. These findings warrant further assessment of the representativeness of the study populations, organization of perinatal services, national guidelines, philosophy of care at extreme GAs, and resources used for decision-making.
32.	Herlin, Maria, et al. (author) Inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation in vitro by the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254 are mainly associated with the dioxin-like constituents. 2015 In: Toxicology in Vitro. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3177 .- 0887-2333. ; 29:5, s. 876-883 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1254 alters bone tissue properties. However, the mechanisms responsible for the observed effects have not yet been clarified. This study compared the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers in MC3T3-E1 cells with the corresponding effect of the dioxin reference compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and two PCB congeners belonging to the category of non-dioxin-like PCBs. The aim of the study was to quantify the relative influence of dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like PCB-components on osteoblast differentiation. Expression of marker genes for AhR activity and osteoblast differentiation were analyzed, and relative potency (REP) values were derived from Benchmark concentration-effect curves. Expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were decreased by both Aroclor 1254 and TCDD exposure, while the PCB-congeners PCB19 and PCB52 slightly induced the expression. The relative potency of Aroclor 1254 for inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation marker genes was within the expected range as estimated from the chemical composition of Aroclor 1254. These results are consistent with previously observed bone modulations following in vivo exposure to Aroclor 1254 and TCDD, and demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of Aroclor 1254 on osteoblast differentiation by the dioxin-like constituents are over-riding the contribution of non-dioxin-like PCBs.
33.	Hines, Delaney, et al. (author) Scoping review shows wide variation in the definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants and calls for a consensus 2017 In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 106:3, s. 366-374 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The use of different definitions for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been an ongoing challenge. We searched papers published in English from 2010 and 2015 reporting BPD as an outcome, together with studies that compared BPD definitions between 1978 and 2015. We found that the incidence of BPD ranged from 6% to 57%, depending on the definition chosen, and that studies that investigated correlations with long-term pulmonary and/or neurosensory outcomes reported moderate-to-low predictive values regardless of the BPD criteria.CONCLUSION: A comprehensive and evidence-based definition for BPD needs to be developed for benchmarking and prognostic use.
34.	Håkansson, A., et al. (author) Problem gambling and gaming in elite athletes. 2018 In: Addictive Behaviors Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8532. ; 8, s. 79-84 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: High-level sports have been described as a risk situation for mental health problems and substance misuse. This, however, has been sparsely studied for problem gambling, and it is unknown whether problem gaming, corresponding to the tentative diagnosis of internet gaming disorder, may be overrepresented in athletes. This study aimed to study the prevalence and correlates of problem gambling and problem gaming in national team-level athletes.Methods: A web-survey addressing national team-level athletes in university studies (survey participation 60%) was answered by 352 individuals (60% women, mean age 23.7), assessing mental health problems, including lifetime history of problem gambling (NODS-CLiP) and problem gaming (GASA).Results: Lifetime prevalence of problem gambling was 7% (14% in males, 1% in females, p < 0.001), with no difference between team sports and other sports. Lifetime prevalence of problem gaming was 2% (4% in males and 1% in females, p = 0.06). Problem gambling and problem gaming were significantly associated (p = 0.01).Conclusions: Moderately elevated rates of problem gambling were demonstrated, however with large gender differences, and interestingly, with comparable prevalence in team sports and in other sports. Problem gaming did not seem more common than in the general population, but an association between problem gambling and problem gaming was demonstrated.
35.	Håkansson, A., et al. (author) Television gambling advertisements : Extent and content of gambling advertisements with a focus on potential high-risk commercial messages 2019 In: Addictive Behaviors Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8532. ; 9 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: In problem gambling, recent years have seen an expansion of online gambling in treatment-seeking patients. Television advertising may promote risky gambling, and this study aimed to assess gambling-related advertisements, with respect to potentially risky messages, in a country with high rates of online gambling among treatment seekers, for online casino particularly in treatment-seeking women. Methods: A total of 144 h in six commercial television channels were studied with respect to frequency, extent and content of gambling-related advertisements, which were analyzed with respect to potentially risky messages and specific target groups, and compared with respect to legal status of gambling companies and for online casino gambling vs other gambling types. Aspects to analyze were elected theoretically and based on acceptable inter-rater agreement between the authors. Results: Nineteen percent (11–28% across different channels) of advertisements promoted gambling, with online casino being by far the most common type of gambling exposed. Messages promoting ease to gamble (including bonuses and rapid cash-out messages) and a female focus were significantly more common in online casino gambling and in non-licensed companies, whereas sports-related messages were more common in licensed companies. Gambling-related advertisements were also common in relation to family movies, and appeared even during children's programs. Conclusions: Online casino was by far the most common type of televised gambling advertisements. Several risky messages were identified, and female gender, as well as messages promoting the rapidity and facility of gambling, were more commonly addressed by online casino companies. Public health aspects are discussed.
36.	Kelly, L E, et al. (author) Perinatal health services organization for preterm births : a multinational comparison 2017 In: Journal of Perinatology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0743-8346 .- 1476-5543. ; 37:7, s. 762-768 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore population characteristics, organization of health services and comparability of available information for very low birth weight or very preterm neonates born before 32 weeks' gestation in 11 high-income countries contributing data to the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates (iNeo).STUDY DESIGN: We obtained population characteristics from public domain sources, conducted a survey of organization of maternal and neonatal health services and evaluated the comparability of data contributed to the iNeo collaboration from Australia, Canada, Finland, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UK.RESULTS: All countries have nationally funded maternal/neonatal health care with >90% of women receiving prenatal care. Preterm birth rate, maternal age, and neonatal and infant mortality rates were relatively similar across countries. Most (50 to >95%) between-hospital transports of neonates born at non-tertiary units were conducted by designated transport teams; 72% (8/11 countries) had designated transfer and 63% (7/11 countries) mandate the presence of a physician. The capacity of 'step-down' units varied between countries, with capacity for respiratory care available in <10% to >75% of units. Heterogeneity in data collection processes for benchmarking and quality improvement activities were identified.CONCLUSIONS: Comparability of healthcare outcomes for very preterm low birth weight neonates between countries requires an evaluation of differences in population coverage, healthcare services and meta-data.
37.	Knowles, Bran, et al. (author) Design patterns, principles, and strategies for Sustainable HCI 2016 In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450340823 ; 07-12-May-2016, s. 3581-3588 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract © 2016 Authors.This workshop will bring together researchers in the Sustainable HCI (SHCI) field to reflect on sustainability challenges in HCI and collaboratively collate and develop a set of strategies for increasing and accelerating positive impact. We will explore 5 key questions towards this, and produce a collaborative position statement. Our key objective for the workshop will be to begin developing a series of design patterns, which we will ground with 'field trips' to areas of socioecological challenge. These design patterns will serve to provide a resource for practitioners and researchers wishing to adopt a sustainable approach to their work, and provide a touchstone for critique and evaluation of this work. The design patterns will contribute to an evolving, wiki-based repository and form the basis for several collaborative papers.
38.	Martin, Lisa J., et al. (author) Country-Specific vs. Common Birthweight-for-Gestational Age References to Identify Small for Gestational Age Infants Born at 24-28 weeks : An International Study 2016 In: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 30:5, s. 450-461 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Controversy exists as to whether birthweight-for-gestational age references used to classify infants as small for gestational age (SGA) should be country specific or based on an international (common) standard. We examined whether different birthweight-for-gestational age references affected the association of SGA with adverse outcomes among very preterm neonates.Methods: Singleton infants (n = 23 788) of 24(0)-28(6) weeks' gestational age in nine high-resource countries were classified as SGA (<10th centile) using common and country-specific references based on birthweight and estimated fetal weight (EFW). For each reference, the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for the association of SGA with composite outcome of mortality or major morbidity was estimated.Results: The percentage of infants classified as SGA differed slightly for common compared with country specific for birthweight references [9.9% (95% CI 9.5, 10.2) vs. 11.1% (95% CI 10.7, 11.5)] and for EFW references [28.6% (95% CI 28.0, 29.2) vs. 24.6% (95% CI 24.1, 25.2)]. The association of SGA with the composite outcome was similar when using common or country-specific references for the total sample for birthweight [aRRs 1.47 (95% CI 1.43, 1.51) and 1.48 (95% CI 1.44, 1.53) respectively] and for EFW references [aRRs 1.35 (95% CI 1.31, 1.38) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.35, 1.43) respectively].Conclusion: Small for gestational age is associated with higher mortality and morbidity in infants born <29 weeks' gestational age. Although common and country-specific birthweight/EFW references identified slightly different proportions of SGA infants, the risk of the composite outcome was comparable.
39.	Mattisson, Kristoffer, et al. (author) Modelling the association between health indicators and commute mode choice: a cross-sectional study in southern Sweden 2018 In: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 11, s. 110-121 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The impact of commuting on health depends, in part, on the mode of travel. A sizeable body of literature addresses associations between mode choice and health status, but little is known about how a person's health affects commuting mode choice. Stress, exhaustion and obesity are threats to public health that increase in modern societies. Understanding how these concerns impact mode choice is important in order to plan effective interventions. Differences in health status among different groups and geographical areas could influence the effectiveness of policy interventions to promote greater use of particular modes, such as public transit and cycling. We investigated associations between health and commuting mode choice using a cross-sectional population-based public health questionnaire data collected from 7574 commuters in southern Sweden in 2012, integrated with register data on residential and location, information on transportation networks, and other spatial data. Discrete Multinomial Logit (MNL) models were used to study the relationships between health indicators (everyday stress, vitality, long term illness, walking difficulties, and body mass index) and commuting mode (active, car and public transportation). Along with the health indicators, the models included conventional mode choice indicators such as socio-demographic attributes, commuting characteristics, and spatial variables. Everyday stress, obesity, and difficulty walking were negatively associated with the use of active and public modes. Understanding the relationship between health and mode choice in commuting, in relation to conventional indicators, can help support decision-makers and transportation planners develop more efficient interventions aimed at encourage car commuter's switch to more environmentally friendly and healthy modes such as active and public transportation. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
40.	O'Reilly, Éilis J, et al. (author) Prediagnostic body size and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis death in 10 studies 2018 In: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2167-8421 .- 2167-9223. ; 19:5-6, s. 396-406 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Using pooled multivariable-adjusted rate ratios (RR), we explored relationships between prediagnostic body-mass-index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR), and weight-gain during adulthood, and ALS in 419,894 women and 148,166 men from 10 community-based cohorts in USA, Europe, and Australia; 428 ALS deaths were documented in women and 204 in men.RESULTS: , limiting power. Weight-gain during adulthood was strongly associated with lower ALS; for an additional 1kg gain in weight/year, the RR = 0.43 (95% CI: 0.28-0.65; p < 0.001). Associations persisted when adjusted for diabetes at enrollment, restricted to never-smokers, and ALS deaths in the 5 years after enrollment were excluded (accounting for recent weight loss).CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm somewhat conflicting, underpowered evidence that adiposity is inversely associated with ALS. We newly demonstrate that weight-gain during adulthood is strongly predictive of lower ALS risk.
41.	Salehpour, Mehran, et al. (author) Performance report for the low energy compact radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometer at Uppsala University 2016 In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract A range of ion beam analysis activities are ongoing at Uppsala University, including Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). Various isotopes are used for AMS but the isotope with the widest variety of applications is radiocarbon. Up until recently, only the 5 MV Pelletron tandem accelerator had been used at our site for radiocarbon AMS, ordinarily using 12 MeV C-14,13,12(3+) ions. Recently a new radiocarbon AMS system, the Green-MICADAS, developed at the ion physics group at ETH Zurich, was installed. The system has a number of outstanding features which will be described. The system operates at a terminal voltage of 175 kV and uses helium stripper gas, extracting singly charged carbon ions. The low- and high energy mass spectrometers in the system are stigmatic dipole permanent magnets (0.42 and 0.97 T) requiring no electrical power nor cooling water. The system measures both the C-14/C-12 and the C-13/C-12 ratios on-line. Performance of the system is presented for both standard mg samples as well as mu g-sized samples.
42.	Scherzinger, Julius, et al. (author) Tagging fast neutrons from an (241)Am/(9)Be source. 2015 In: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8043. ; 98, s. 74-79 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Shielding, coincidence, and time-of-flight measurement techniques are employed to tag fast neutrons emitted from an (241)Am/(9)Be source resulting in a continuous polychromatic energy-tagged beam of neutrons with energies up to 7MeV. The measured energy structure of the beam agrees qualitatively with both previous measurements and theoretical calculations.
43.	Scherzinger, J., et al. (author) Tagging fast neutrons from an 241Am/9Be source 2015 In: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 98, s. 74-79 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Shielding, coincidence, and time-of-flight measurement techniques are employed to tag fast neutrons emitted from an 241Am/9Be source resulting in a continuous polychromatic energy-tagged beam of neutrons with energies up to 7MeV. The measured energy structure of the beam agrees qualitatively with both previous measurements and theoretical calculations.
44.	Shah, Prakesh S., et al. (author) Neonatal Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight and Very Preterm Neonates : An International Comparison 2016 In: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 177, s. 144-152 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: To compare rates of a composite outcome of mortality or major morbidity in very-preterm/very low birth weight infants between 8 members of the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes.Study design: We included 58 004 infants born weighing < 1500 g at 24 degrees-31(6) weeks' gestation from databases in Australia/New Zealand, Canada, Israel, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. We compared a composite outcome (mortality or any of grade >= 3 peri-intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular echodensity/echolucency, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or treated retinopathy of prematurity) between each country and all others by using standardized ratios and pairwise using logistic regression analyses.Results: Despite differences in population coverage, included neonates were similar at baseline. Composite outcome rates varied from 26% to 42%. The overall mortality rate before discharge was 10% (range: 5% [Japan]-17% [Spain]). The standardized ratio (99% CIs) estimates for the composite outcome were significantly greater for Spain 1.09 (1.04-1.14) and the United Kingdom 1.16 (1.11-1.21), lower for Australia/New Zealand 0.93 (0.89-0.97), Japan 0.89 (0.86-0.93), Sweden 0.81 (0.73-0.90), and Switzerland 0.77 (0.69-0.87), and nonsignificant for Canada 1.04 (0.99-1.09) and Israel 1.00 (0.93-1.07). The adjusted odds of the composite outcome varied significantly in pairwise comparisons.Conclusions: We identified marked variations in neonatal outcomes between countries. Further collaboration and exploration is needed to reduce variations in population coverage, data collection, and case definitions. The goal would be to identify carepractices and health care organizational factors, which has the potential to improve neonatal outcomes.
45.	Shahroor, Maher, et al. (author) Unit-Level Variations in Healthcare Professionals' Availability for Preterm Neonates < 29 Weeks' Gestation : An International Survey 2019 In: Neonatology. - : S. Karger. - 1661-7800 .- 1661-7819. ; 116:4, s. 347-355 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Introduction: The availability of and variability in healthcare professionals in neonatal units in different countries has not been well characterized. Our objective was to identify variations in the healthcare professionals for preterm neonates in 10 national or regional neonatal networks participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of neonates.Method: Online, pre-piloted questionnaires about the availability of healthcare professionals were sent to the directors of 390 tertiary neonatal units in 10 international networks: Australia/New Zealand, Canada, Finland, Illinois, Israel, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Tuscany.Results: Overall, 325 of 390 units (83%) responded. About half of the units (48%; 156/325) cared for 11-30 neonates/day and had team-based (43%; 138/325) care models. Neonatologists were present 24 h a day in 59% of the units (191/325), junior doctors in 60% (194/325), and nurse practitioners in 36% (116/325). A nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:1 for infants who are unstable and require complex care was used in 52% of the units (170/325), whereas a ratio of 1:1 or 1:2 for neonates requiring multisystem support was available in 59% (192/325) of the units. Availability of a respiratory therapist (15%, 49/325), pharmacist (40%, 130/325), dietitian (34%, 112/325), social worker (81%, 263/325), lactation consultant (45%, 146/325), parent buddy (6%, 19/325), or parents' resource personnel (11%, 34/325) were widely variable between units.Conclusions: We identified variability in the availability and organization of the healthcare professionals between and within countries for the care of extremely preterm neonates. Further research is needed to associate healthcare workers' availability and outcomes. (C) 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel
46.	Simplício, M A, et al. (author) Method and Apparatus for Securing a Connection in a Communications Network 2015 Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract A method of securing a session between a Network Application Function, NAF, and a User Equipment, UE, connected to a network. The NAF is assigned a NAF identifier, NAF_id, using the Generic Bootstrapping Architecture, GBA, or a similar architecture and a shared secret is established between the UE and the NAF (S7.1). An application request containing a bootstrapping transaction identifier is sent to the NAF from the UE (S7.2) and an authentication request comprising the bootstrapping transaction identifier, the NAF_id, and information derived from the shared secret is sent to a Bootstrapping Server Function, BSF, from the NAF (S7.4). The BSF and the UE determine a NAF key, Ks_NAF, by using a modified parameter in place of or in addition to an original parameter in a key derivation function, the modified parameter being derived from the shared secret and the original parameter of the key derivation function (S7.5). This NAF key is transmitted from the BSF to the NAF (S7.6) and used to secure communications between the NAF and the UE (S7.7). Also provided are apparatus to act as a NAF, UE, and BSF in the method above.
47.	Tjellström, A., et al. (author) Analysis of the mechanical impedance of bone-anchored hearing aids 2018 In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 138:3, s. 288-296 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Some patients who need hearing aids are unable to use an apparatus which transmits the sound via the external ear canal and have to use a bone conduction hearing aid. The bone vibration transducer of this aid is applied to the skin over the mastoid process and the sound is transmitted via the soft tissue and bone to the cochlea. The pressure needed to apply the transducer often gives the patient discomfort and the damping effect of the soft tissue gives poor quality of the sound transmitted. Advances in the ability to permanently implant foreign material in the body and perform permanent skin penetration has made it possible to develop a bone-anchored hearing aid. Fourteen patients have been equipped with such hearing aids. To be able to give these patients the best hearing aid, a new transducer has to be constructed to match the new situation. The impedance of the bone-anchored titaniumscrew/skull has been studied and the resistance and reactance of the mechanical impedance have been measured. The influence of a damping soft tissue layer over the bone has been analyzed. The difference between the impedance of the skull and the impedance of the soft tissue + skull was in the order of 10 to 25 dB depending on the frequency.
48.	van Roekel, Eline H., et al. (author) Circulating metabolites associated with alcohol intake in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort 2018 In: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 10:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Identifying the metabolites associated with alcohol consumption may provide insights into the metabolic pathways through which alcohol may affect human health. We studied associations of alcohol consumption with circulating concentrations of 123 metabolites among 2974 healthy participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Alcohol consumption at recruitment was self-reported through dietary questionnaires. Metabolite concentrations were measured by tandem mass spectrometry (BIOCRATES AbsoluteIDQTMp180 kit). Data were randomly divided into discovery (2/3) and replication (1/3) sets. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate confounder-adjusted associations of alcohol consumption withmetabolite concentrations. Metabolites significantly related to alcohol intake in the discovery set (FDR q-value < 0.05) were further tested in the replication set (Bonferroni-corrected p-value < 0.05). Of the 72metabolites significantly related to alcohol intake in the discovery set, 34 were also significant in the replication analysis, including three acylcarnitines, the amino acid citrulline, four lysophosphatidylcholines, 13 diacylphosphatidylcholines, seven acyl-alkylphosphatidylcholines, and six sphingomyelins. Our results confirmed earlier findings that alcohol consumption was associated with several lipid metabolites, and possibly also with specific acylcarnitines and amino acids. This provides further leads for future research studies aiming at elucidating the mechanisms underlying the effects of alcohol in relation to morbid conditions.
49.	Wagman, Petra, et al. (author) Självskattad aktivitetsbalans hos vuxna med gemensam diagnos och vuxna från en generell population 2015 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Tema: Hälsofrämjande perspektivStadier i livet: VuxnaProjekttyp: ForskningsarbeteBakgrund: Aktivitetsbalans är ett viktigt hälsorelaterat begrepp inom arbetsterapi. Det finns behov av studier där aktivitetsbalans mäts på samma sätt i olika populationer för att generera fördjupad kunskap om hur aktivitetsbalansen ser ut vid olika diagnoser och hur den skiljer sig från personer i generell befolkning. I studien används Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ), baserad på definitionen att aktivitetsbalans är en persons upplevelse av att ha rätt mängd aktivitet och rätt variation mellan olika aktiviteter i sin vardag.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva aktivitetsbalans hos personer i yrkesverksam ålder med gemensamma diagnoser (reumatoid artrit och ångest/depression) och hos personer från en generell population. Eventuella skillnader mellan män och kvinnor undersöks också. Ett ytterligare syfte är att kontrollera OBQs psykometriska egenskaper i grupperna med gemensam diagnos.Metod: Studien är pågående och data samlas in via frågeformulär. Deltagare är 50 personer med ångest eller depression (resultat från fler planeras till presentationen), 383 personer med reumatoid artrit och 217 personer från en generell population. Samtliga deltagare var i åldern 20-65 år. Aktivitetsbalans mättes OBQ vilket består av 13 påståenden som skattas på ordinalskala. Svaren summeras till en totalskala (0-65) och analyseras också avseende varje påstående. OBQ har visat god innehållsvaliditet. Det har också haft god intern konsistens och test-retestreliabilitet bland deltagare från generell population. Icke-parametrisk statistik används vid analys.Resultat/preliminärt resultat: Det preliminära resultatet visade att deltagarna med ångest/depression skattar lägre aktivitetsbalans (median 24) än de med reumatoid artrit (median 43) och deltagarna från en generell population (median 42). Samma resultat sågs i de enskilda påståendena. OBQ visade också god intern konsistens i samtliga grupper (Cronbachs alpha 0,874-0,947).Slutsats: Studien bidrar med kunskap om aktivitetsbalans i olika grupper.
50.	Årestedt, Kristofer, 1968-, et al. (author) Symptom relief and palliative care during the last week of life among patients with heart failure 2017 In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 16, s. S58-S59 Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract Background: Heart failure is a disease with high morbidity, mortality and physical and psychological burden. Patients with heart failure have symptoms as severe and distressing as those of cancer patients. Likewise, the knowledge about care oriented towards palliation provided close to death is sparse.Purpose: To describe symptom prevalence and key aspects of palliative care the last week of life for patients with heart failure, from the perspective of health care professionals.Methods: Data was taken from the Swedish Register of Palliative Care, 2011 and 2012 (n=3981). Inclusion criteria were; heart failure as underlying cause of death (ICD-10; I50.0, I50.1 & I50.9), expected death and 18 years or older. During this period, the register covered 58% of all deaths in Sweden. Variables were described using univariate statistics.Results: The sample consisted of 3981 patients (63% women) with a mean age of 88.1 (SD=7.1) years. The most common reported symptom was pain (62%), followed by rattles (51%), anxiety (39%), shortness of breath (29%), confusion (25%), and nausea (11%). Symptom relief was most prominent for pain and anxiety. Still, 25% and 38% respectively were partly or not relieved. Poorer relief was found for patients suffering shortness of breath, nausea and rattles. More than half of patients were partly or not reviled, 61%, 58% and 55% respectively. Poorest symptom relief was showed for patients with confusion, 85 % were partly or not reviled. Validated self-rating scales were seldom used to assess symptoms. Pain was more often assessed (12%) than other symptoms (8%). Two third of the patients (72%) and almost half of family members (39%) did not have an end of life discussions with a physician. One fifth (17%) died alone without family members or health care professionals present.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the palliative care is inadequate for patients with heart failure during their last week of life. Symptom management needs to be improved, for example by structured use of validated symptom rating scales. End of life discussions needs to be improved, both for patients and family members.

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