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| 2. |
- Brynjólfsson, Siggeir Fannar, et al.
(författare)
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An Antibody Against Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 (TREM-1) Dampens Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Lamina Propria Cells from Patients with IBD.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Inflammatory bowel diseases. - 1536-4844. ; 22:8, s. 1803-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a potent amplifier of inflammation. Recently, the antimicrobial peptide PGLYRP-1 was shown to be the ligand of TREM-1. Here, the ability of an anti-TREM-1 antibody to dampen the release of proinflammatory cytokines by colon lamina propria cells (LPCs) from patients with IBD was investigated and correlated with PGLYRP-1 levels.Biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 45) or Crohn's disease (CD, n = 26) were compared with those from individuals undergoing colonoscopy for other reasons (n = 17). TREM-1 expression was analyzed on myeloid cells by flow cytometry. Cell culture experiments with LPCs were used to analyze PGLYRP-1 and inflammatory cytokine levels and assess the effect of anti-TREM-1 on cytokine secretion.The frequency of TREM-1-expressing neutrophils and recruited macrophages was higher in inflamed than in noninflamed biopsies. The PGLYRP-1 level in inflamed tissue was higher than in noninflamed tissue; it was produced primarily by neutrophils, and its level correlated with the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Secretion of myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-8 by LPCs stimulated with the potent TREM-1 agonist consisting of PGLYRP-1 complexed with peptidoglycan was reduced in the presence of anti-TREM-1. Moreover, a blocking effect of anti-TREM-1 was apparent when LPCs from a subset of inflamed individuals with elevated PGLYRP-1 were stimulated with killed bacteria.An anti-TREM-1 antibody can dampen secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed patients with elevated PGLYRP-1. Moreover, PGLYRP-1 + myeloperoxidase is a potential biomarker for predicting the effect of anti-TREM-1 therapy.
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| 3. |
- Gren, Susanne T, et al.
(författare)
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A Single-Cell Gene-Expression Profile Reveals Inter-Cellular Heterogeneity within Human Monocyte Subsets.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population classified into three different subsets: Classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+, and non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes. These subsets are distinguished by their differential expression of CD14 and CD16, and unique gene expression profile. So far, the variation in inter-cellular gene expression within the monocyte subsets is largely unknown. In this study, the cellular variation within each human monocyte subset from a single healthy donor was described by using a novel single-cell PCR gene-expression analysis tool. We investigated 86 different genes mainly encoding cell surface markers, and proteins involved in immune regulation. Within the three human monocyte subsets, our descriptive findings show multimodal expression of key immune response genes, such as CD40, NFⱪB1, RELA, TLR4, TLR8 and TLR9. Furthermore, we discovered one subgroup of cells within the classical monocytes, which showed alterations of 22 genes e.g. IRF8, CD40, CSF1R, NFⱪB1, RELA and TNF. Additionally one subgroup within the intermediate and non-classical monocytes also displayed distinct gene signatures by altered expression of 8 and 6 genes, respectively. Hence the three monocyte subsets can be further subdivided according to activation status and differentiation, independently of the traditional classification based on cell surface markers. Demonstrating the use and the ability to discover cell heterogeneity within defined populations of human monocytes is of great importance, and can be useful in unravelling inter-cellular variation in leukocyte populations, identifying subpopulations involved in disease pathogenesis and help tailor new therapies.
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| 4. |
- Gunnarsson, A. Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsterapi för personer med depression och ångest : En randomiserad kontrollerad studie av Tree Theme Method®
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tema: InterventionStadier i livet: VuxnaProjekttyp: ForskningsarbeteBakgrund: Vid depression och ångest försvåras förmåga att klara vardagens aktiviteter liksom att relatera till andra. Svårigheterna bidrar till höga sjukskrivningstal. Tree Theme Method® (TTM) är en arbetsterapeutisk metod som syftar till ökad förmåga att utveckla strategier och struktur i vardagens aktiviteter. TTM består av 5 sessioner och innebär att måla och berätta sin livsberättelse med fokus på vardagslivets aktiviteter samt skapa en bild av framtida mål. Fokus i tidigare studier avseende TTM har varit processutvärdering. Nu är det viktigt att utvärdera eventuella effekter av interventionen. I den här studien prövas TTM mot kontroll. Kontrollgruppen får annan arbetsterapeutisk behandling, dvs 5 sessioner om vardagens aktiviteter och psykiskt välmående i den aktuella situationen. Hypotesen är att interventionsgruppen får högre grad av struktur i vardagens aktiviteter och förbättrad psykisk hälsa jämfört med kontrollgruppen.Syfte: Undersöka effekter av TTM jämfört med kontrollgrupp avseende aktivitet, psykiska symtom och självskattad hälsa.Metod: Randomiserad multicenterstudie i primärvård och vuxenpsykiatri. Totalt 130 patienter inkluderas. Inklusion är fastställd depression och/eller ångest, 18-65 år samt aktivitetsproblem. Patienter lottas till TTM alternativt annan arbetsterapeutisk behandling. Deltagarna besvarar självskattningsformulär avseende vardagens aktiviteter, psykiska symtom samt självskattad hälsa. Detta sker före och direkt efter behandling samt 3 och 12 månader efter avslutad behandling. Icke-parametrisk statistisk analys kommer att användas.Resultat/preliminärt resultat: Hittills har 55 patienter inkluderats. I nuläget finns inga preliminära resultat. Presentation av baslinjemätningar sker vid arbetsterapiforum.Slutsats: Det är betydelsefullt att kunna erbjuda patienter med depression och ångest olika behandlingsmetoder. Den här studien kan bidra till högre grad av evidens för arbetsterapeutisk behandling.
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| 6. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of depression and/or anxiety - outcomes of a randomised controlled trial of the tree theme method® versus regular occupational therapy
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depression and anxiety disorders are a major concern in western countries, and because these often have a negative affect on everyday life interventions based on activities in everyday life are needed. The Tree Theme Method® (TTM) is a client-centred occupational therapy intervention designed to increase the ability to cope with, and to enhance satisfaction with, everyday life, both at home and at work. The aim of this study was to compare the short term outcomes of the TTM intervention with regular occupational therapy treatment for people with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Methods: This randomised controlled trial included patients from three counties in Sweden. Men and women with depression and/or anxiety disorders, ages 18 to 65, were randomised to either TTM or regular occupational therapy. Assessment data were collected at baseline and the follow-up directly after completing the intervention. Non-parametric and parametric statistical methods were used. Results: The questionnaires were answered by 118 patients at baseline and by 107 patients after completing the intervention. No significant differences in short term outcomes were found between the groups. Both groups showed positive significant outcomes regarding almost all aspects of activities in everyday life, psychological symptoms, and health-related and intervention-related aspects. Conclusions: Despite the lack of differences between the groups, the positive outcomes regarding activities in everyday life, psychological symptoms, and health-related aspects after completing the intervention indicates the need for further research on the long-term perspective of TTM compared to regular occupational therapy.
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| 7. |
- Håkansson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy in Swedish Coastal Environments : A Walk along different Socio-economic Dimensions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2160-6544 .- 2160-6552. ; 5:1, s. 49-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies distributional effects of environmental policies in Swedish coastal environments, in monetary and environmental quality terms, for different dimensions: income, gender, age, non-users vs. users, distance, familiarity, and origin (if people have a Swedish background or not). The study area is widely used for different recreational activities and has a mix of different visitors. The data come from a choice experiment study. The results indicate that latent class modelling can be used to identify how monetary preferences vary between different groups of respondents, and largely confirm the limited existing knowledge from the previous research on distributional effects of environmental policies. However, the previous literature on distributional effects related to background is very limited, making it hard to draw comparisons. The results in our paper also show that the distributional effects differ depending on the environmental amenity. These results are of policy relevance since coastal environments are important for people's well-being and associated with positive health effects.
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| 8. |
- Thiesen, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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The protease inhibitor cystatin C downregulates the release of IL-β and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide activated monocytes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - 0741-5400. ; 100:4, s. 811-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human cystatin C, a member of the cysteine proteinaseinhibitory family, is produced by all nucleated cells and has important roles in regulating natural immunity. Nematode homologs to human cystatin C have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes and to reduce colitis in mice. In Crohn’s disease, pathogenic activated monocytes help drive inflammatory processes via the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In particular, tumor necrosis factora-producing inflammatory monocytes have a central role in the intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn’s disease. We investigated the potential of human cystatin C to regulate pathogenic activated monocytes and its potential as an Immunomodulator in Crohn’s disease.We found that cystatin C significantly decreased the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated release and expression of interleukin-1b and tumor necrosis factor-α in monocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from healthy donors, whereas interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels were unchanged. A similar reduction of interleukin-1b and tumor necrosis factor-α was also seen in peripheral bloodmononuclear cell cultures from patientswith Crohn’s disease, and in particular, tumor necrosis factor-α was reduced in supernatants from lamina propria cell cultures from patients with Crohn’s disease. Further investigation revealed that cystatin C was internalized by monocytes via an active endocytic process, decreased phosphorylation of the mitogen-αctivated protein kinase pathway extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, and altered surface marker expression. The ability of cystatin C to modulate the cytokine expression of monocytes, together with its protease-inhibitory function, indicates that modulation of the local cystatin C expression could be an option in future Crohn’s disease therapy.
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