| 1. |
- Normark, Maria
(författare)
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Using technology for real-time coordination of work : a study of work and artifact use in the everyday activities at SOS Alarm
- 2002
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Work in control rooms, or so-called Centers of coordination, places demands both on humans and technology. The people working there have to be able to make quick decisions as well as be alert during less busy times. The work has to be coordinated within the group, since the operators are much depending on each other's work. This places special demands on the technology; it should be fast, trustworthy and easy to manipulate so that the complexity of the work is reduced. This type of work has been a source of interest in the research area of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, especially so since the needs for real-time coordination is great in these settings. SOS Alarm is a company that is responsible for managing the telephone calls made to the emergency number 112 in Sweden. They have 20 centers covering Sweden. This thesis present an overview of the SOS operators work; how they coordinate the information and tasks between them; how the technology supports that work. This study presents a fully computerized setting, compared to many other studies of centers of coordination that are not. This ethnographic workplace study has been inspired by ethnomethodological perspectives as well as earlier field studies of work and technology use. Its main results are a description of the work practice and technology at two centers, implications for design of a new computer aided dispatch system that is currently developed at SOS Alarm and general design ideas for control rooms.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hagman, Ragnvi
(författare)
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for Uterine Diseases in Dogs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Reproduction in Domestic Animals. - : Wiley. - 0936-6768 .- 1439-0531. ; 49, s. 16-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contents Common uterine diseases in female dogs include cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH), mucometra, hydrometra and pyometra. It is important in clinical practice to recognize pyometra because it is potentially life-threatening due to the systemic illness induced by bacterial infection of the uterus. In contrast, the uterine content is sterile in CEH and mucometra/hydrometra, and clinical signs are mostly mild or absent. Optimal treatment depends on the type of uterine disease and its severity, but diagnosis and prognosis determination may be challenging and the diseases difficult to separate clinically. Diagnostic findings or biomarkers that may aid in the differentiation of the diseases are valuable, especially when several bitches are admitted with a fluid-filled uterus during night-time, and it has to be decided which patient to operate on first. Additionally, some variables may indicate outcome as measured by mortality or morbidity. If the uterus is not enlarged or fluid-filled, detection of uterine disease can be even more difficult. In this study, clinically useful variables with possible diagnostic or prognostic value for uterine diseases in dogs are discussed.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Holmér, Andreas
(författare)
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Novel endogenous mechanisms of complement regulation - A delicate balance
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, the biochemical mechanisms for complement activation by endogenous proteins are explored. The short leucine-rich repeat proteins (SLRPs) help organise extracellular matrices. We found that several SLRPs bind C1q and of these, fibromodulin and osteoadherin trigger complement. These two glycoproteins also bind the complement regulator factor H (FH). Our findings may have implications for inflammatory joint diseases. C-reactive protein (CRP) is the archetypical acute phase protein. It activates complement and has previously been found to bind both C1q and FH. We discovered that CRP also binds the complement regulator C4b-binding protein (C4BP), both in vitro and in serum. We hypothesise that CRP-C4BP interaction reduces superfluous complement activation during inflammation. The risk for developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a very common eye disease, is linked to certain haplotypes of the FH gene. We detected differential binding of AMD-related polymorphic FH-variants to CRP, DNA, necrotic cells and SLRPs. These differences may be important for AMD pathogenesis. Infection by misfolded prion protein (PrP) leads to severe neurological disease. We demonstrated that C1q binds both native and misfolded human PrP to activate complement. PrP also triggered the alternative pathway. Furthermore, it binds both FH and C4BP and this may lead to inhibition of terminal complement effects. We suggest that these interactions are imperative for complement involvement in prion diseases. Taken together, the studies presented here indicate that complex interaction patterns exist which normally serve to balance complement activation by endogenous proteins. This balance may be disturbed in disease.
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| 6. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Lentiviral vectors.
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Review of Neurobiology. - 0074-7742. ; 55, s. 111-122
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Richter, Jessika Luth, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing Complex Value for Policy: Applying Value Mapping in the WEEE EPR System Context.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electronics Goes Green 2020+ Conference Proceedings. - 9783839616598 ; , s. 576-582
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Commission describes a Circular Economy (CE) as an economy “where the value of products,materials and resources is maintained in the economy for as long as possible, and the generation of waste minimised.”But what is value in this context and how should CE policies consider value? Extended producer responsibility(EPR) policies are an important part of an EU CE Action Plan. However, there is a need to evaluate thesepolicies in light of CE objectives, including how to retain value(s) in this context. This contribution gives backgroundto this issue and an overview of previous work mapping and assessing stakeholder and multidimensionalvalue. It presents a value mapping tool refined through stakeholder consultations and a workshop to considerstakeholders in an EPR policy system for WEEE. The potential use of such tools for exploring how policies canfurther capture economic, environmental and social value is discussed.
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| 9. |
- Ryherd, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging findings from the Healthcare Acoustics Research Team (HART)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966. ; 131:4, s. 3418-3418
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hospital patients, staff, and visitors need healthy soundscapes: patients need to sleep and heal without stress; staff, patients and family need to communicate accurately but privately; staff need to hear alarms and calls for help. Unfortunately, many hospitals are noisy and stressful places. Although there is growing and strong evidence that the hospital soundscape is problematic, there are many remaining questions and obstacles. This presentation will discuss recent case studies and findings from the Healthcare Acoustics Research Team (HART), an international, interdisciplinary collaboration of specialists in architecture, engineering, medicine, nursing, and psychology. HART is actively engaged in research in the United States and Sweden, having worked in a dozen hospitals and a broad range of unit types including intensive care, emergency, operating, long-term patient care, mother-baby, and others. HART seeks to advance the understanding of how various aspects of the hospital soundscape impact occupants, how to best measure and quantify these aspects, and how to translate results into evidence-based-design. Taken as a whole, these studies provide new insight into how to create healthier hospital acoustic climates.
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| 10. |
- Tingstad Jacobsen, Sten Elling, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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A Predictive Chance Constraint Rebalancing Approach to Mobility-on-Demand Services
- 2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper considers the problem of supply-demand imbalances in Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand systems (AMoD) where demand uncertainty compromises both the service provider's and the customer objectives. The key idea is to include estimated stochastic travel demand patterns into receding horizon AMoD optimization problems. More precisely, we first estimate passenger demand using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). GPR provides demand uncertainty bounds for time pattern prediction. Second, we integrate demand predictions with uncertainty bounds into a receding horizon AMoD optimization. In order to guarantee constraint satisfaction in the above optimization under estimated stochastic demand prediction, we employ a probabilistic constraining method with user defined confidence interval. Receding horizon AMoD optimization with probabilistic constraints thereby calls for Chance Constrained Model Predictive Control (CCMPC). The benefit of the proposed method is twofold. First, travel demand uncertainty prediction from data can naturally be embedded into AMoD optimization. Second, CCMPC can further be relaxed into a Mixed-Integer-Linear-Program (MILP) that can efficiently be solved. We show, through high-fidelity transportation simulation, that by tuning the confidence bound on the chance constraint close to "optimal" oracle performance can be achieved. The median wait time is reduced by 4% compared to using only the mean prediction of the GP.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Albin, Cecilia
(författare)
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When the weak confront the strong : Justice, fairness and power in the Israel-PLO interim talks
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice. - 1382-340X. ; 4:2, s. 327-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most international negotiations involve asymmetrical parties, and raise issues of justice and fairness at different stages. This article is an empirical analysis of the role played by ethical conceptions and stark power inequalities in the Israel-PLO interim talks from 1993 to 1997. It focuses on the negotiations over water resources and economic relations. Israel's superior bargaining strength ensured that the country's security interests and notions of fairness influenced the process substantially. However, the negotiations cannot be understood merely in terms of the distribution of power between the two sides. The costs of failing to reach an agreement meant that Israeli negotiators had to concede to certain Palestinian demands and conceptions of fairness. The serious charges of injustice and unfairness have emerged in the implementation phase, owing more to developments on the ground than dissatisfaction with the terms of the interim agreements per se.This case challenges two dominant approaches to justice and fairness in negotiation: the idea that parties define negotiated agreements as just irrespective of their power relations, and the notion that there can be no role for ethical considerations when the weak must confront the strong. It demonstrates moreover that conceptions of justice and fairness can serve as both external referents which guide the negotiations, and be subject to bargaining themselves.
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| 15. |
- Albin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Cytogenetic and morphologic subgroups of myelodysplastic syndromes in relation to occupational and hobby exposures.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140. ; 29:5, s. 378-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between occupational and hobby exposure and the risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) while focusing on differential patterns of clonal chromosome aberrations and morphologic subgroups. METHODS: A case-referent study was conducted with 330 MDS patients investigated cytogenetically in 1976-1993 (cases) and matched referents. Telephone interviews with either the person or a next-of-kin were used. The participation rate of the cases and referents was 85% and 60%, respectively. Information was obtained from the next-of-kin more often for the cases (88%) than for the referents (26%). Occupational hygienists assessed the exposure using interview data on worktasks and hobbies. Associations with disease risk were evaluated for 10 exposures with a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The investigated exposures were generally not associated with cytogenetically abnormal MDS. Effect estimates for specific cytogenetic or morphologic subgroups were generally imprecise. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (EMF) was associated with MDS with a normal karyotype [odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-4.0]. The exposure-response association was consistent for intensity but inconclusive for duration. A decreased risk was observed for MDS, irrespective of karyotypic pattern, among farmers and farmhands (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Cytogenetically abnormal MDS was generally not associated with occupational or hobby exposure to known or suspected genotoxic agents. However, exposure prevalences and intensities were low for several agents. An association was suggested between occupational exposure to EMF and MDS with a normal karyotype. Biases due to differential information quality and selective participation cannot be ruled out.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Öivind, et al.
(författare)
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Laser-Rayleigh Imaging of DME Sprays in an Optically Accessible DI Diesel Truck Engine
- 2001
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-0915. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser-Rayleigh imaging has been employed to measure the relative fuel concentration in the gaseous jet region of DME sprays. The measurements were performed in an optically accessible diesel truck engine equipped with a common rail injection system. A one-hole nozzle was used to guarantee that the recorded pressure history was associated with the heat release in the imaged spray. To compensate for the low compression ratio in the modified engine the inlet air was preheated. Spray development was studied for two levels of preheating, from the start of injection to the point where all fuel was consumed. The results indicate that there is a strong correlation between the amount of unburned fuel present in the cylinder and the rate of heat release at a given time. The combustion can not be described as purely premixed or purely mixing-controlled at any time, but always has an element of both. After all fuel appears to have vanished there is still an extended period of heat release. This indicates a rich combustion yielding combustible products.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Öivind, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Imaging of Equivalence Ratios in DME Sprays Using a Chemically Preheated Combustion Vessel
- 2000
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Ingår i: SAE technical paper series, paper 2000-01-5785. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dimethyl Ether (DME) has proved to be a promising fuel for diesel engines. It virtually eliminates particulate emissions and reduces the formation of nitrogenous oxides, without negatively affecting engine efficiency. Obtaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind these properties is thus highly desirable. Various authors have suggested that the low NO emissions associated with DME are an effect of the mixing conditions, which are thought to differ from those of diesel sprays. To examine this, laser-Rayleigh imaging was employed for quantitative measurement of the local equivalence ratios in DME sprays. The quantitative images were analyzed using a statistical approach, in which probability distributions of ϕ -values for burning and for non-reacting sprays were compared. It was concluded that the diffusion flame is established in the stoichiometeric or slightly lean regions of the spray. Measurements were performed in an isochoric combustion vessel chemically preheated by igniting a lean mixture of CO and oxygen-enriched air. A multizone combustion model was used to analyze the DME combustion and the effects of preheating on the vessel atmosphere. The benefits and drawbacks of this set-up are discussed.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Axmon, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting longitudinal changes in activities of daily living (ADL) dependence : Optimizing ADL staircase response choices
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 82:10, s. 646-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Using a sum score based on a three-graded response scale for the activities of daily living staircase has previously been found to increase the statistical power compared to dichotomized responses when assessing longitudinal changes in activities of daily living. We aimed to investigate if the statistical power could be further increased by using a four-graded scale. Methods: We used data from two previous studies on community-living people to calculate sum scores based on a dichotomized (independent/dependent), a three-graded (independent/partly dependent/dependent), and a four-graded (independent without difficulty/independent with difficulty/partly dependent/dependent) response scale for the activities of daily living staircase. In total, 1818 paired observations (baseline to follow-up) from 482 people were included. Statistical power was estimated for the entire material as well as stratified by follow-up time and baseline activities of daily living using simulations. Results: The four-graded scale provided the highest statistical power, particularly for shorter follow-up times and low and high baseline activities of daily living, but had similar statistical power to the three-graded scale for longer follow-up times and medium baseline activities of daily living. Conclusion: Adding a second level to “independent” in the activities of daily living staircase improved the detection of changes over time.
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| 24. |
- Axmon, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Miscarriages and stillbirths in women with a high intake of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 73:3, s. 204-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect, on miscarriages and stillbirths, of persistent organochlorine compounds (POC) through dietary intake of fatty fish from the Baltic Sea. METHODS: Information on miscarriages and stillbirths was collected retrospectively by a self-administered questionnaire in a cohort of fishermen's wives from the Swedish east coast (by the Baltic Sea) and in a referent cohort of west coast fishermen's wives. Current fish consumption was used as a proxy for exposure within the east coast cohort. RESULTS: No increase in miscarriages or stillbirths was found in the east coast cohort compared with the west coast group, in fact a decrease in early miscarriages was found (OR 0.48 [95% CI 0.26-0.92]). Moreover, no increase in risk was found for current high consumers of fatty fish within the east coast cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The present data provided no evidence that dietary POC exposure increases miscarriage and stillbirth rates.
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| 25. |
- Axmon, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pain and Pain Medication among Older People with Intellectual Disabilities in Comparison with the General Population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Healthcare. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9032. ; 6:2, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about pain and pain treatment among people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). We aimed to describe pain and pain medications among older people with ID compared to the general population. Data on diagnoses and prescriptions were collected from national registers for the period between 2006 and 2012 for 7936 people with an ID and a referent cohort from the general population. IDs were associated with a decreased risk of being diagnosed with headaches, musculoskeletal pain, and pain related to the circulatory and respiratory systems, but they were associated with increased risk of being diagnosed with pain related to the urinary system. Among men, IDs were associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with visceral pain. People with IDs were more likely to be prescribed paracetamol and fentanyl regardless of the type of pain but were less likely to be prescribed COX(1+2) and COX2 inhibitors and weak opioids. Healthcare staff and caregivers must be made aware of signs of pain among people with IDs who may not be able to communicate it themselves. Further research is needed to investigate whether people with IDs are prescribed paracetamol rather than other pain drugs due to physicians trying to avoid polypharmacy or if there are other reasons not to prescribe a greater range of pain treatments.
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| 26. |
- Bengtson, Stefan, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Deep-biosphere consortium of fungi and prokaryotes in Eocene sub-seafloor basalts.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Geobiology. - : Wiley. - 1472-4677 .- 1472-4669. ; 12:6, s. 489-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deep biosphere of the subseafloor crust is believed to contain a significant part of Earth’s biomass, but because of the difficulties of directly observing the living organisms, its composition and ecology are poorly known. We report here a consortium of fossilized prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, occupying cavities in deep-drilled vesicular basalt from the Emperor Seamounts, Pacific Ocean, 67.5 meters below seafloor (mbsf). Fungal hyphae provide the framework on which prokaryote-like organisms are suspended like cobwebs and iron-oxidizing bacteria form microstromatolites (Frutexites). The spatial interrelationships show that the organisms were living at the same time in an integrated fashion, suggesting symbiotic interdependence. The community is contemporaneous with secondary mineralizations of calcite partly filling the cavities. The fungal hyphae frequently extend into the calcite, indicating that they were able to bore into the substrate through mineral dissolution. A symbiotic relationship with chemoautotrophs, as inferred for the observed consortium, may be a prerequisite for the eukaryotic colonization of crustal rocks. Fossils thus open a window to the extant as well as the ancient deep biosphere.
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| 27. |
- Björk, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the functional role of the N-terminal region of cystatins by equilibrium and kinetic studies of the binding of Gly-11 variants of recombinant human cystatin C to target proteinases
- 1995
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Ingår i: Biochemical Journal. - 0264-6021. ; 306:2, s. 513-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between cystatin C variants, in which the evolutionarily conserved Gly-11 residue was substituted by Ala, Glu or Trp, and the cysteine proteinases, papain, ficin, actinidin and cathepsin B, was characterized. The substitutions reduced the affinity of binding in a manner consistent with the Gly residue of the wild-type inhibitor, allowing the N-terminal region to adopt a conformation that was optimal for interaction with target proteinases. Replacement of Gly-11 by Ala resulted in only a 5- to 100-fold reduction in binding affinity. Comparison with the affinities of wild-type cystatin C lacking the N-terminal region indicated that even this small structural change affects the conformation of this region sufficiently to largely abolish its interaction with the weakly binding proteinases, actinidin and cathepsin B. However, the substitution allows interactions of appreciable strength between the N-terminal region and the tightly binding enzymes, papain or ficin. Replacement of Gly-11 with the larger Glu and Trp residues substantially decreased the affinity of binding to all enzymes, from 10(3)- to 10(5)-fold. These substitutions further affect the conformation of the N-terminal region, so that interactions of this region with papain and ficin are also essentially eliminated. The decreased affinities of the three cystatin C variants for papain, ficin and actinidin were due exclusively to increased dissociation rate constants. In contrast, the decreased affinity between cathepsin B and the Ala-11 variant, the only one for which rate constants could be determined with this enzyme, was due almost entirely to a decreased association rate constant. This behaviour is analogous to that observed for forms of cystatin C lacking the N-terminal region and supports the conclusion that the mode of interaction of this region with target proteinases varies with the enzyme as a result of structural differences in the active-site region of the latter.
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| 28. |
- Brounéus, Karen, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The bumpy road of peace research: reflections on sharing mistakes in fieldwork
- 2022
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Ingår i: Third World Quarterly. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-6597 .- 1360-2241. ; , s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As medicine strives to find cures to illness, peace researchers strive to find cures for war-broken societies. To this end, we depend on learning from people who have survived political violence, in sensitive conflict settings. There is increasing awareness of the imperative of ethical reflection before, during and after ‘fieldwork’. However, the rocky road of doing the actual fieldwork in conflict settings is seldom part of our polished articles. The messiness, the ethical dilemmas, our hesitations, mistakes, regrets remain hidden. We argue this needs to change. We believe it is time for conflict-research to join the novel self-reflexive footsteps of neuroscience and psychology, and build a research culture of reflection and honesty, which includes the sharing of mistakes. If not, we will inevitably continue making the same mistakes over and over again. Reflexive honesty will make our research sustainable ethically, scientifically, and financially. Our aim with this article is to open such a conversation by sharing some recent experiences of fieldwork in Nepal: what went well, what we did wrong, and what we learned in this process. Hopefully, by sharing our lessons learned we can together, in time, make conflict research safer, richer, and more meaningful – for everyone involved.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Carstensen, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of dofetilide and ranolazine on atrial fibrillatory rate in a horse model of acutely induced atrial fibrillation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. - : Wiley. - 1045-3873 .- 1540-8167. ; 30:4, s. 596-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The atrial fibrillatory rate is a potential biomarker in the study of antiarrhythmic drug effects on atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether dose-dependent changes in the atrial fibrillatory rate can be monitored on surface electrocardiography (ECG) following treatment with dofetilide, ranolazine, and a combination of the two in an acute model of AF in horses. Methods and Results: Eight horses were subjected to pacing-induced AF on 4 separate days. Saline (control), dofetilide, ranolazine, or a combination of dofetilide and ranolazine was administered in four incremental doses. Atrial fibrillatory activity was extracted from surface ECGs using spatiotemporal QRST cancellation. The mean atrial fibrillatory rate before drug infusion was 297 ± 27 fpm. Dofetilide reduced the atrial fibrillatory rate following the infusion of low doses (0.89 µg/kg, P < 0.05) and within 5 minutes preceding cardioversion (P < 0.05). Cardioversion with ranolazine was preceded by a reduction in the atrial fibrillatory rate in the last minute (P < 0.05). The combination of drugs reduced the atrial fibrillatory rate in a similar manner to dofetilide used alone. A trend toward a lower atrial fibrillatory rate before drug infusion was found among horses cardioverting on low doses of the drugs. Conclusion: The atrial fibrillatory rate derived from surface ECGs showed a difference in the mode of action on AF between dofetilide and ranolazine. Dofetilide reduced the atrial fibrillatory rate, whereas ranolazine displayed a cardioverting mechanism that was distinct from a slowing of the fibrillatory process.
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| 31. |
- Erentaite, Rasa, et al.
(författare)
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Profiles of Achievement Motivation and Performance in Middle School: Links to Student Background and Perceived Classroom Climate
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achievement motivation and performance at school are reciprocally related, however, empirical studies report a large variability of findings and, in some cases, weaker than expected associations between these constructs. To further our understanding of the motivation–performance link, we examined typical patterns of motivation and performance and their correlates, in two cohorts of 8th-grade students (N1 = 998, N2 = 441). As expected, we identified both concordant and discordant patterns of achievement motivation and performance. In two subgroups, specifically, those characterized by low motivation and low performance (34% of the sample) and those characterized by high motivation and high performance (18% of the sample), the levels of motivation were highly concordant with scores on math and reading tests. In contrast, the other two profiles—weak motivation with elevated performance (38% of all sample) and high motivation with low performance (9% of the sample) had divergent patterns of motivation and performance. The subgroups also differed on student socio-economic background, special educational needs, gender, as well as perceptions of classroom climate. Overall, our findings reveal context-dependent patterns of the relationship between aspects of achievement motivation and performance.
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| 32. |
- Eriksson, Mathilda, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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When not in the best of worlds : uncertainty and forest carbon sequestration
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is argued that the forest can provide low-cost options to reduce the atmospheric CO2 concentration. However, many dimensions of the future dynamics of the forest, and its interactions with climate change are still not well understood. This paper provides new insights into how these types of uncertainties affect the optimal climate policy. We model uncertainty over several key forest parameters by using the novel state-contingent approach. Our main results show that the importance of including optimal forest controls in climate policy increases when the dynamics of the forest are uncertain. Ignoring uncertainties concerning the forest will lead to biased estimates of the social costs of carbon and be misleading when evaluating climate policies. Conversely, recognizing forest uncertainties and its potential to mitigate climate change will lead to a robust policy where the cost of uncertainty to a large extent can be avoided.
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| 33. |
- Grimsberg, Michaël
(författare)
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Formation of Nitrogen Oxides during Combustion
- 1990
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion of coal is a complex process involving both homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction step. In this thesis HCN and NH3 are used as model compunds for the nitrogen containing pyrolysis products
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Hagman, Ragnvi
(författare)
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Blood lactate levels in 31 female dogs with pyometra
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Canine pyometra is a life-threatening disease common in countries where spaying of dogs is not routinely performed. The disease is associated with endotoxemia, sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and a 3-4% mortality rate. Blood lactate analysis is clinically valuable in predicting prognosis and survival, evaluating tissue perfusion and treatment response in human and veterinary critical care settings. The aims of the present study were to investigate 1) the blood lactate levels of female dogs with pyometra by a hand-held analyser and 2) if these levels are related with the clinical status or other biochemical or hematological disorders.Methods: In total 31 female dogs with pyometra admitted for surgical ovariohysterectomy and 16 healthy female control dogs were included in the present study. A complete physical examination including SIRS-status determination was performed. Blood samples for lactate concentrations, hematological and biochemical parameters, acid-base and blood gas analysis and other laboratory parameters were collected and subsequently analysed. The diagnosis pyometra was verified with histopathological examination of the uterus and ovaries. Increased hospitalisation length and presence of SIRS were used as indicators of outcome.Results: In the pyometra group the median blood lactate level was 1,6 mmol l(-1) (range < 0.8- 2.7 mmol l-1). In the control group the median lactate level was 1,2 mmol l(-1) (range < 0.8-2.1 mmol l(-1)). Of the 31 bitches 19 (61%) fulfilled 2 or more criteria for SIRS at inclusion, 10 bitches (32%) fulfilled 3 of the SIRS criteria whereas none accomplished more than 3 criteria. Lactate levels did not differ significantly between the pyometra and control group, or between the SIRS positive and SIRS negative dogs with pyometra. Increased lactate concentration (> 2.5 mmol l(-1)) was demonstrated in one female dog with pyometra (3%), and was not associated with longer hospitalisation or presence of SIRS. Lactate measurement was not indicative of peritonitis. None of the bitches died during or within two months of the hospital stay. The measurements of temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, percentage bandforms of neutrophilic granulocytes, alpha(2)-globulins, creatinin, pvCO(2), TCO(2) and base excess showed significant differences between the SIRS positive and the SIRS negative pyometra cases.Conclusion: Increased blood lactate concentrations were demonstrated in 3% (1/31), and SIRS was present in 61% (19/31) of the female dogs with pyometra. Preoperative lactate levels were not related with presence of SIRS or prolonged hospitalisation. Lactate measurement was not indicative of peritonitis. The value of a single and repeated lactate analysis in more severely affected cases remains to be determined.
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| 37. |
- Hagman, Ragnvi
(författare)
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Molecular aspects of uterine diseases in dogs
- 2017
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Ingår i: Reproduction in Domestic Animals. - : Wiley. - 0936-6768 .- 1439-0531. ; 52, s. 37-42
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterine diseases are common in dogs, particularly in countries where elective spaying is not usually performed. The associated clinical illnesses may be of varying degree ranging from merely decreased fertility to a critical pyometra requiring intensive care to survive. The diagnosis of some uterine diseases is generally uncomplicated, such as in a classic pyometra presenting with enlarged, fluid-filled uterus, purulent vaginal discharge and characteristic signs of illness or in other disorders associated with uterine enlargement. However, it can be more puzzling in diseases with normal uterine size and very mild or obscure clinical signs. It is important to recognize the uterine diseases early because of the risk of potentially life-threatening complications such as sepsis developing if treatment is delayed in cases where bacterial infection is present. In breeding bitches, an early diagnosis, that is when the disease has not developed extensively, will increase the possibility of non-surgical treatment options without increased risk and thereby also increasing chances of maintained fertility. Early diagnosis and treatment initiation are thus favourable for complete recovery, also in less severe uterine diseases and those without infection. Molecular markers are molecules in biological samples that can be measured for diagnostic purposes, outcome prediction, and for gaining more information about different physiological and pathological conditions. Examples of commonly evaluated markers include laboratory variables analysed in blood, urine, cytological or tissue biopsy samples. Regarding the genetic pre-disposition for different uterine diseases in dogs, information is lacking. Recently, the global gene expression in uterine tissue in dogs has been investigated more closely, and newly developed technologies provide excellent opportunities for identifying molecular markers worth exploring further. The focus of this review article is to highlight findings on markers relevant for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis and treatment outcome in the most common uterine diseases in dogs.
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| 38. |
- Hagman, U, et al.
(författare)
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Food habits and nutrient intake in childhood in relation to health and socio-economic conditions. A Swedish Multicentre Study 1980-81.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement. - 0300-8843. ; 328, s. 1-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden a multicentre nutritional survey was performed in 1980-81 in four different parts of Sweden. The total number of children investigated was 1109, of whom 92 were two years old, 332 four years, 338 eight years and 347 thirteen years. The 24-hour recall method was used in all children. In addition 7-day record was used in the 2-, 4- and 8-year-olds and the dietary history method in the 13-year-olds. During the weekdays the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old children had 5.9, 5.8, 5.4 and 5.2 meals and snacks per day, respectively. During weekends these respective numbers decreased to 5.7, 5.6, 5.1 and 5.0. The mean number of light meals and snacks was almost the same on all days and varied between 2.4 and 3.3 in the different age groups. The part of the energy intake deriving from snacks has increased during the last 15 years. The mean daily energy intakes for the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old boys and girls were 5.8 and 5.6, 6.9 and 6.5, 8.9 and 7.9 and 12.1 and 9.7 MJ respectively. These values are below the recommendations for all age groups except the 2-year-old boys. The mean daily intakes of protein, retinol, ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12 and calcium were almost invariably higher or much higher than the recommendations, while those of vitamin D and zinc were below the recommended values. The iron intake fulfilled the recommendations except for the 2-year-olds and the 13-year-old girls. The intake of protein and fat expressed in per cent of the total energy intake was very similar in all age groups, about 14 per cent and 35-37 per cent respectively. The mean ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) was also the same in all age groups, i.e. 0.22-0.23. This low ratio is explained by a high consumption of dairy products. Furthermore, the nutrient density of the food did not change appreciably with age. The only exception was found for the 2-year-old children, who had slightly higher nutrient density values on account of a relatively high consumption of fortified follow-up formula. In all age groups the mean nutrient densities of vitamins D and B6 and of iron were below the recommendations to varying degrees. No clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies, iron deficiency included, were found in any age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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| 39. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Lentiviral Vectors for Use in the Central Nervous System.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0024 .- 1525-0016. ; 13:3, s. 484-493
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lentiviral vectors have been used extensively as gene transfer tools for the central nervous system throughout the past decade since they transduce most cell types in the brain, resulting in high-level and long-term transgene expression. This review discusses some of the recent progress in this field, including preclinical gene therapy experiments in disease models, development of regulated vectors, and the application of siRNA's using lentiviral vectors. We also describe some of the features that make lentiviral vectors a likely candidate for human gene therapy in the brain.
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| 40. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Lesion-dependent regulation of transgene expression in the rat brain using a human glial fibrillary acidic protein-lentiviral vector.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neuroscience. - 1460-9568. ; 19:3, s. 761-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to regulate transgene expression will be crucial for development of gene therapy to the brain. The most commonly used systems are based on a transactivator in combination with a drug, e.g. the tetracycline-regulated system. Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. We constructed a lentiviral vector that directs transgene expression to astrocytes. Using toxin-induced lesions we investigated to what extent transgene expression could be regulated in accordance with the activation of the endogenous GFAP gene. In animals receiving excitotoxic lesions of the striatum we detected an eightfold increase of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells. The vast majority of these cells did not divide, suggesting that the transgene was indeed regulated in a similar fashion as the endogenous GFAP gene. This finding will lead to the development of lentiviral vectors with autoregulatory capacities that may be very useful for gene therapy to the brain.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Mikkola, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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New stellar velocity substructures from Gaia DR3 proper motions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 519:2, s. 1989-2003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local stellar motions are expected, and have been shown, to include signatures of the Galaxy’s past dynamical evolution. These are typically divided into the disc, which shows the dynamical effects of spiral arms and the bar, and the stellar halo, with structures thought to be debris from past mergers. We use Gaia Data Release 3 to select large samples of these populations without limiting them to sources with radial velocities. We apply a penalized maximum likelihood method to these samples to determine the full 3D velocity distribution in Cartesian (U, V, and W) or spherical (vr, vφ, and vθ) coordinates. We find that the disc population is dominated by four moving groups and also detect a new moving group at (U, V) = (−10, −15) km s−1 which we call MMH-0. For the stellar halo, we isolate the accreted component with cuts in transverse velocity and the colour–magnitude diagram. In this component, we find several known structures believed to be caused by past mergers, particularly one around (vr, vφ, vθ) = (−150, −300, and −100) km s−1 appears more prominent than previously claimed. Furthermore, we also identify two new structures near (vr, vφ, and vθ) = (225, 25, and 325) km s−1 and (0, 150, and −125) km s−1, which we refer to as MMH-1 and MMH-2, respectively. These results give new insights into local stellar motions and shows the potential of using samples that are not limited to stars with measured line-of-sight velocities, which is key to providing large samples of stars, necessary for future studies.
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| 49. |
- Mikkola, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Radial migration and vertical action in N-body simulations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 495:3, s. 3295-3306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the radial migration of stars as a function of orbital action as well as the structural properties of a large suite of N-body simulations of isolated disc galaxies. Our goal is to establish a relationship between the radial migration efficiency of stars and their vertical action. We aim to describe how that relationship depends on the relative gravitational dominance between the disc and the dark matter halo. By changing the mass ratio of our disc and dark matter halo, we find a relationship between disc dominance, number, and strength of spiral arms, and the ensuing radial migration as a function of the vertical action. We conclude that the importance of migration at large vertical action depends on the strength of the spiral arms and therefore the dominance of the disc. Populations with more radial action undergo less radial migration, independently of disc dominance. Our results are important for the future of analytical modelling of radial migration in galaxies and further the understanding of radial migration that is a key component of the restructuring of galaxies, including the Milky Way.
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| 50. |
- Richter, Jessika Luth, et al.
(författare)
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Accounting for Durability in Least Life Cycle Cost Methods
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 ECEEE Summer Study Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the European Union (EU), mandatory durability ecodesign requirements have recently been set for vacuum cleaners and lighting products. Durability standards for additional product groups are expected in the future and it is also envisioned that durability issues will be integrated in the EU energy labelling scheme. Durability standards can bring environmental benefits, but there are several methodological challenges, not least regarding the trade-offs between different product attributes. In this paper, we review previous literature and studies examining durability and increased lifetimes for products, with a focus on the case of LEDs. We analyse the methods suggested and assumptions used and compare these to an innovative method for calculating an attribute-adjusted least life cycle cost (LLCC) when durability is included. Then we analyse the case of LEDs available in an online market in 2016 and model optimal lifetimes in relation to life cycle costs. The model identifies factors influencing optimal lifetimes. The statistical error of the regressions does not allow for calculation of the optima with precision, but the calculation is illustrative that the LLCC optima for the range of LED bulbs considered is close to 25000 hours. The model also indicates that greater durability is important for cases with smaller discount rates and more intensive use of the product. We discuss the usefulness of the method and its application and development in context of policy development of durability standards, as well as future research that can complement this approach. The initial results indicate that, at least from an LLCC perspective, longer lifetimes than currently required by standards may be desirable, so we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using three different policy instruments to stimulate increased durability.
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