| 1. |
- Bernson, Jenny M, et al.
(författare)
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'Making dental care possible - a mutual affair'. A grounded theory relating to adult patients with dental fear and regular dental treatment
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - Copenhagen : Munksgaard Forlag. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 119:5, s. 373-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental fear is a common and widespread problem, which can cause severe stress. Even so, most patients with dental fear undergo regular dental treatment in spite of their fear and many enjoy good oral health. The aim of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of how patients with dental fear manage to undergo dental treatment. Fourteen patients with dental fear, who undergo regular dental care, were interviewed. Qualitative analysis of the transcribed interviews was performed according to the principles of grounded theory. A conceptual framework was generated, and the main concern was identified as 'making dental care possible - a mutual affair'. Four additional categories explained how patients handled their dental fear and how dental care became possible. The strategies were labelled 'taking part in a mental wrestling match', 'trust-filled interaction with dental staff', 'striving for control' and 'seeking and/or receiving social support'. The results showed that making dental care possible for patients with dental fear is a mutual challenge that requires interplay between dental staff and patients, involving verbal and non-verbal communication reflecting respect, attention, and empathy. Moreover, a balance between nearness and distance and between professional and personal treatment is required.
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| 2. |
- Hallberg, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental influence on lung function impairment in Swedish twins
- 2010
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The understanding of the influence of smoking and sex on lung function and symptoms is important for understanding diseases such as COPD. The influence of both genes and environment on lung function, smoking behaviour and the presence of respiratory symptoms has previously been demonstrated for each of these separately. Hence, smoking can influence lung function by co-varying not only as an environmental factor, but also by shared genetic pathways. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate heritability for different aspects of lung function, and to investigate how the estimates are affected by adjustments for smoking and respiratory symptoms. Methods: The current study is based on a selected sample of adult twins from the Swedish Twin Registry. Pairs were selected based on background data on smoking and respiratory symptoms collected by telephone interview. Lung function was measured as FEV1, VC and DLco. Pack years were quantified, and quantitative genetic analysis was performed on lung function data adjusting stepwise for sex, pack years and respiratory symptoms. Results: Fully adjusted heritability for VC was 59% and did not differ by sex, with smoking and symptoms explaining only a small part of the total variance. Heritabilities for FEV1 and DLco were sex specific. Fully adjusted estimates were 10 and 15% in men and 46% and 39% in women, respectively. Adjustment for smoking and respiratory symptoms altered the estimates differently in men and women. For FEV1 and DLco, the variance explained by smoking and symptoms was larger in men. Further, smoking and symptoms explained genetic variance in women, but was primarily associated with shared environmental effects in men. Conclusion: Differences between men and women were found in how smoking and symptoms influence the variation in lung function. Pulmonary gas transfer variation related to the menstrual cycle has been shown before, and the findings regarding DLco in the present study indicates gender specific environmental susceptibility not shown before. As a consequence the results suggest that patients with lung diseases such as COPD could benefit from interventions that are sex specific.
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| 3. |
- Hallberg, Lillemor R-M, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Facing a moral dilemma--introducing a dental care insurance within the public dental service.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Swedish dental journal. - : Swedish dental journal. - 0347-9994. ; 36:3, s. 149-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through the reform entitled "Dental care insurance-dental care at a fixed price", patients are offered a dental insurance, a capitation plan, that ensures that they can visit the dentist regularly during a period of three years at a fixed price per month (Frisktandvård).This insurance may be offered to all patients. The aim of this study was to generate a theory explaining the main concern for the staff at the public dental service when they have to introduce and advocate dental care insurance to patients. Interview data from 17 persons, representing different professions within the public dental service, were collected and analyzed simultaneously in line with guidelines for grounded theory. The results indicated that dentists/dental hygienists experienced several difficult standpoints concerning the implementation of the dental insurance, somewhat of a moral dilemma. The staff generally had a "cautiously positive attitude" to the forthcoming dental care insurance, but had perceptions how and when the patients should be offered the insurance and what that may mean to the clinic.The respondents reflected about the economic aspects for the clinic and how the oral health may be affected over time for the patients.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hallberg, Peter, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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CaMnO3-δ Made from Low Cost Material Examined as Oxygen Carrier in Chemical-looping Combustion
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 63, s. 80-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon Capture and Storage is a promising method to limit the increasing amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In this method high purity carbon dioxide is captured at large emission sources, e. g. fossil fuelled power plants. The carbon dioxide can then be transported to a long term storage site, rather than being emitted to the atmosphere. Among the different alternatives for obtaining high purity carbon dioxide during combustion of fossil fuels, Chemical-looping Combustion (CLC) is one of the most promising. Here, the oxygen needed to oxidize a fuel is provided by a solid oxygen carrier. The oxygen carrier is subsequently circulated to another reactor where it is reoxidized with air. By separating these two operations mixing of the combustion products and the nitrogen in the air is avoided. An energy demanding gas separation is thus not necessary.The most crucial part of Chemical-looping Combustion is the solid oxygen carrier. The oxygen carrier should have high reactivity with fuel and oxygen, sufficient oxygen carrying capacity and preferably also low cost. Furthermore it is important that it is able to withstand the tough conditions it is exposed to in a hot fluidizing environment, both with respect to physical attrition and chemical degradation. The most commonly suggested setup of Chemical- looping Combustion is a dual fluidized bed system where gas velocities and mechanical abrasion can be high. When the technology was first demonstrated, nickel oxide based oxygen carriers were typically used. But as nickel is quite costly as well as potentially harmful, alternatives have been sought after.In 2009 Leion et al. [1] investigated an oxygen carrier based on calcium manganite of perovskite structure CaMnO3-δ for chemical looping combustion. The results were very promising and similar materials have since then been successfully tested in pilot rigs up to 120 kWth, including extended operation in continuously operating 10 kWth reactor with very positive results, see Källén et al. [2]. A key feature of these materials is that they are able to release gas phase oxygen at relevant conditions, so called Chemical-looping with Oxygen Uncoupling, see Rydén et al. [3]. Having gas phase oxygen available for fuel oxidation makes gas-solid mixing less critical and thus makes it easier to reach complete fuel conversion.Most studies in which CaMnO3-δ based oxygen carriers have been examined have been using particles manufactured from high quality chemicals. While that is reasonable in the early stages of development, cheaper raw materials would be favourable for industrial applications. Promising oxygen carriers based on manganese ores have been manufactured and characterized by Fossdal et al. [4] and Mohammad Pour et al. [5].This study aims to further examine CaMnO3-δ based oxygen carriers made from low cost, commercial raw materials available in large quantities such as manganese ore. The materials are examined during continuous Chemical- looping Combustion and Oxygen Uncoupling in an experimental reactor with the nominal fuel power 300 Wth. The reactor has previously been used in numerous studies which make comparisons with materials made from high purity chemicals straightforward. During operation several gas concentrations as well as temperatures and pressure drops are measured which allows monitoring of the chemical reactions and fluidization behaviour in the reactor.Fines (particles
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| 6. |
- Hallberg, Peter, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Looping Combustion and Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling Experiments in a Batch Reactor Using Spray-Dried CaMn1–xMxO3−δ (M = Ti, Fe, Mg) Particles as Oxygen Carriers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 27:3, s. 1473-1481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical looping combustion and chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) with oxygen carrier particles consisting of CaMn1-xMxO3-delta (M = Ti, Fe, Mg) has been studied by consecutive oxidation and reduction experiments in a fluidized-bed batch reactor. The examined particles were produced by spray drying, and all did show a significant release of gas-phase oxygen to the inert atmosphere at 900 and 1000 degrees C. All particles also provided very high reactivity with syngas and methane. Some of the examined particles showed unfavorable fluidization characteristics, i.e., they formed dust during operation or showed agglomeration or defluidization tendencies. The crushing strength of the particles that formed dust was typically
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| 7. |
- Hallberg, Peter, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation of CaMnO3-δ based oxygen carriers used in continuous Chemical-Looping Combustion
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Chemical Engineering. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-806X .- 1687-8078. ; 2014:412517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three materials of perovskite structure, (M = Mg or Mg and Ti), have been examined as oxygen carriers in continuous operation of chemical-looping combustion (CLC) in a circulating fluidized bed system with the designed fuel power 300 W. Natural gas was used as fuel. All three materials were capable of completely converting the fuel to carbon dioxide and water at 900°C. All materials also showed the ability to release gas phase oxygen when fluidized by inert gas at elevated temperature (700–950°C); that is, they were suitable for chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU). Both fuel conversion and oxygen release improved with temperature. All three materials also showed good mechanical integrity, as the fraction of fines collected during experiments was small. These results indicate that the materials are promising oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion.
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| 8. |
- Hanning, Malin, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Combined Oxides of Iron, Manganese and Silica as Oxygen Carriers for Chemical-Looping Combustion
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fuel Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820. ; 124:August 2014, s. 87-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spray-dried particles with the chemical compositions of Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 and FeMnSiO3 have been examined as oxygen carrier materials for chemical-looping combustion. The performance of the materials was examined in oxygen release experiments and during fuel operation with natural gas and syngas. The experiments were carried out in a fluidized-bed chemical-looping reactor system designed for a thermal power of 300 W. The reactor system includes an air reactor and a fuel reactor, as well as loop seals and means for circulation of the oxygen carrier particles. Both materials were able to release gas phase oxygen in inert atmosphere at temperatures between 800-950°C, and with approximately equal oxygen concentrations. Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 provided higher conversion of natural gas as compared to FeMnSiO3 and the fuel conversion increased with temperature for both materials. During natural gas operation with Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 the conversion reached 100% at around 950°C with a fuel reactor inventory of 235 kg/MW. The fuel conversion was improved when the solids inventory was increased; this improvement could especially be observed for FeMnSiO3 as the fuel conversion was lower for this material. Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 provided higher fuel conversion than FeMnSiO3 also when syngas was used as fuel. The fuel conversion increased with temperature for both materials and full conversion was reached above 800°C with a fuel reactor inventory of 225 kg/MW for Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3, while FeMnSiO3 was incapable of providing full conversion. A rather large elutriation of fines and a significant change in particle size distribution could be observed during operation for both materials.Both materials could work as oxygen carrier for chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling. Fe0.66Mn1.33SiO3 would be preferred as it has higher conversion of both syngas and natural gas, but the attrition behavior of the material would need to be further investigated.
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| 9. |
- Jing, Dazheng, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative Oxygen Carrier Materials for Chemical-Looping Combustion
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 37:2013, s. 645-653
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In chemical-looping combustion, the oxygen needed for combustion of fuel is provided by metal oxides called oxygen carriers, and inherent separation of CO2 is achieved without energy penalty. For gaseous fuels, such as natural gas, Ni-based oxygen carriers have generally been shown to be the most reactive. But as Ni-based materials are burdened by high costs and environmental risks with respect to toxicity, it is of high importance to find viable non-Ni alternatives. In the EU-financed project INNOCUOUS, one of the key issues is to find novel non-Ni based oxygen carriers. In this paper results from reactivity investigations of three groups of oxygen carrier materials are reported. The materials were prepared by spray-drying, and are based on 1) CuO, 2) Ca-Mn-X-O where X = Cu, Fe, Ti and Mg, and 3) Mg-Mn-O. A number of materials showed a combination of sufficient mechanical strength, high release of gas phase oxygen and high reactivity with methane, and can thus be considered viable alternatives to Ni-based materials.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Pricing strategies and pricing capabilities
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. - 1476-6930. ; 11:1, s. 4-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the intersection of pricing strategies and pricing capabilities by summarizing four distinct streams of research. By doing so, it provides insights into the challenges involved in implementing value-based pricing strategies as well as the generic challenges of building pricing capabilities. It also outlines the strategic importance of pricing capabilities.
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| 11. |
- Lund, Lars H., et al.
(författare)
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Association of Spironolactone Use With All-Cause Mortality in Heart Failure A Propensity Scored Cohort Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Circulation Heart Failure. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1941-3289 .- 1941-3297. ; 6:2, s. 174-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-In 3 randomized controlled trials in heart failure (HF), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists reduced mortality. The net benefit from randomized controlled trials may not be generalizable, and eplerenone was, but spironolactone was not, studied in mild HF. We tested the hypothesis that spironolactone is associated with reduced mortality also in a broad unselected contemporary population with HF and reduced ejection fraction, in particular New York Heart Association (NYHA) I-II. Methods and Results-We prospectively studied 18 852 patients (age 71+/-12 years; 28% women) with NYHA I-IV and ejection fraction <40% who were registered in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry between 2000 and 2012 and who were (n=6551) or were not (n=12 301) treated with spironolactone. We derived propensity scores for spironolactone treatment based on 41 covariates. We assessed survival by Cox regression with adjustment for propensity scores and with matching based on propensity score. We performed sensitivity and residual confounding analyses and analyzed the NYHA I-II and III-IV subgroups separately. One-year survival was 83% versus 84% in treated versus untreated patients (log rank P<0.001). After adjustment for propensity scores, the hazard ratio for spironolactone was 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.11; P=0.054). Spironolactone interacted with NYHA (P<0.001). In the NYHA I-II subgroup, after adjustment for propensity scores, the hazard ratio for spironolactone was 1.11 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.21; P=0.019). Conclusions-In an unselected contemporary population of HF with reduced ejection fraction, spironolactone was not associated with reduced mortality. The net benefits of spironolactone may be lower outside the clinical trial setting and in milder HF.
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| 12. |
- Martinsson, Tommy, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Appearance of the novel activating F1174S ALK mutation in neuroblastoma correlates with aggressive tumor progression and unresponsiveness to therapy.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer research. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1538-7445 .- 0008-5472. ; 71:1, s. 98-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in the kinase domain of the ALK kinase have emerged recently as important players in the genetics of the childhood tumor neuroblastoma. Here, we report the appearance of a novel ALK mutation in neuroblastoma, correlating with aggressive tumor behavior. Analyses of genomic DNA from biopsy samples initially showed ALK sequence to be wild type. However, during disease progression, mutation of amino acid F1174 to a serine within the ALK kinase domain was observed, which correlated with aggressive neuroblastoma progression in the patient. We show that mutation of F1174 to serine generates a potent gain-of-function mutant, as observed in 2 independent systems. First, PC12 cell lines expressing ALK(F1174S) display ligand-independent activation of ALK and further downstream signaling activation. Second, analysis of ALK(F1174S) in Drosophila models confirms that the mutation mediates a strong, rough eye phenotype upon expression in the developing eye. Thus, we report a novel ALK(F1174S) mutation that displays ligand-independent activity in vivo, correlating with rapid and treatment-resistant tumor growth. The study also shows that initial screening in the first tumor biopsy of a patient may not be sufficient and that further molecular analysis, in particular in tumor progression and/or tumor relapse, is warranted for better understanding of the treatment of neuroblastoma patients.
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| 13. |
- Panasevich, Sviatlana, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of novel genes for lung function in children and their interaction with tobacco smoke exposure : a preliminary report.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:5, s. 498-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To replicate newly reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with adult lung function in a cohort of children and to investigate interactions with tobacco smoke exposure on lung function.METHODS: Of 37 reported SNPs in adults, 21 were available in our genome-wide association study data set, either directly genotyped or as proxy SNPs. We tested for association with lung function (FEV1 , FVC, FEV1 /FVC%) in 8-year-old children and analysed interaction with tobacco smoke exposure both prenatally and/or during infancy, as well as at the age of 8 years.RESULTS: SNPs in TNS1, ADAM19, THSD4 and ADCY2 showed significant association with lung function in children, although ADCY2 variants not in the expected direction. For example, variant allele A in THSD4 rs12899618 was associated with 50.2 mL higher FEV1 (p = 0.007) and variant allele C in ADAM19 rs2277027 with 1% unit lower FEV1 /FVC% (p = 0.03) per allele. DAAM2 rs2395730 showed interaction with current tobacco smoke exposure, with variant C allele associated with 1.3% unit decrease in FEV1 /FVC% in exposed children, but not in unexposed (p for interaction 0.04).CONCLUSION: Our data replicate in children an association for TNS1, ADAM19, THSD4 and ADCY2 gene variants with lung function and suggest that interaction with tobacco smoke exposure may be of importance.
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| 14. |
- Pilemalm, Sofie, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Practical Experiences of Model-based Development : Case studies from the Swedish Armed Forces
- 2012
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Ingår i: Systems Engineering. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1098-1241 .- 1520-6858. ; 15:4, s. 407-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores practical experiences of model-based development and implementation, focusing on “lessons identified.” The study draws on experience from several case studies in the Swedish Defence domain using semistructured interviews as the major source of information. The study identifies several conditions as being crucial for successful implementation of model-based development work, including an increased focus on the planning and premodeling phase, a need for interorganizational or across-project collaboration, scalability, change management, and documentation and reuse of experiences. It was also found that most of the challenges identified in the model-based development and implementation processes are common organizational and system development related problems such as change management, the issue of user participation, and how to carry out requirements engineering based on the models. Therefore, future research in the area should aim for a more integrative perspective, for instance, bridging the gap between information collection, models, user needs, and organizational and system requirements
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