| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
- Haycock, Philip C., et al.
(författare)
-
Association Between Telomere Length and Risk of Cancer and Non-Neoplastic Diseases A Mendelian Randomization Study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: JAMA Oncology. - : American Medical Association. - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 3:5, s. 636-651
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: The causal direction and magnitude of the association between telomere length and incidence of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases is uncertain owing to the susceptibility of observational studies to confounding and reverse causation. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Mendelian randomization study, using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables, to appraise the causal relevance of telomere length for risk of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases. DATA SOURCES: Genomewide association studies (GWAS) published up to January 15, 2015. STUDY SELECTION: GWAS of noncommunicable diseases that assayed germline genetic variation and did not select cohort or control participants on the basis of preexisting diseases. Of 163 GWAS of noncommunicable diseases identified, summary data from 103 were available. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Summary association statistics for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are strongly associated with telomere length in the general population. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease per standard deviation (SD) higher telomere length due to germline genetic variation. RESULTS: Summary data were available for 35 cancers and 48 non-neoplastic diseases, corresponding to 420 081 cases (median cases, 2526 per disease) and 1 093 105 controls (median, 6789 per disease). Increased telomere length due to germline genetic variation was generally associated with increased risk for site-specific cancers. The strongest associations (ORs [ 95% CIs] per 1-SD change in genetically increased telomere length) were observed for glioma, 5.27 (3.15-8.81); serous low-malignant-potential ovarian cancer, 4.35 (2.39-7.94); lung adenocarcinoma, 3.19 (2.40-4.22); neuroblastoma, 2.98 (1.92-4.62); bladder cancer, 2.19 (1.32-3.66); melanoma, 1.87 (1.55-2.26); testicular cancer, 1.76 (1.02-3.04); kidney cancer, 1.55 (1.08-2.23); and endometrial cancer, 1.31 (1.07-1.61). Associations were stronger for rarer cancers and at tissue sites with lower rates of stem cell division. There was generally little evidence of association between genetically increased telomere length and risk of psychiatric, autoimmune, inflammatory, diabetic, and other non-neoplastic diseases, except for coronary heart disease (OR, 0.78 [ 95% CI, 0.67-0.90]), abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR, 0.63 [ 95% CI, 0.49-0.81]), celiac disease (OR, 0.42 [ 95% CI, 0.28-0.61]) and interstitial lung disease (OR, 0.09 [ 95% CI, 0.05-0.15]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: It is likely that longer telomeres increase risk for several cancers but reduce risk for some non-neoplastic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.
|
|
| 4. |
- Mahajan, Anubha, et al.
(författare)
-
Refining the accuracy of validated target identification through coding variant fine-mapping in type 2 diabetes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:4, s. 559-571
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aggregated coding variant data for 81,412 type 2 diabetes cases and 370,832 controls of diverse ancestry, identifying 40 coding variant association signals (P < 2.2 × 10−7); of these, 16 map outside known risk-associated loci. We make two important observations. First, only five of these signals are driven by low-frequency variants: even for these, effect sizes are modest (odds ratio ≤1.29). Second, when we used large-scale genome-wide association data to fine-map the associated variants in their regional context, accounting for the global enrichment of complex trait associations in coding sequence, compelling evidence for coding variant causality was obtained for only 16 signals. At 13 others, the associated coding variants clearly represent ‘false leads’ with potential to generate erroneous mechanistic inference. Coding variant associations offer a direct route to biological insight for complex diseases and identification of validated therapeutic targets; however, appropriate mechanistic inference requires careful specification of their causal contribution to disease predisposition.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bowden, John A., et al.
(författare)
-
Harmonizing lipidomics : NIST interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using SRM 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Lipid Research. - 0022-2275 .- 1539-7262. ; 58:12, s. 2275-2288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the lipidomics field continues to advance, self-evaluation within the community is critical. Here, we performed an interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma, a commercially available reference material. The interlaboratory study comprised 31 diverse laboratories, with each laboratory using a different lipidomics workflow. A total of 1,527 unique lipids were measured across all laboratories and consensus location estimates and associated uncertainties were determined for 339 of these lipids measured at the sum composition level by five or more participating laboratories. These evaluated lipids detected in SRM 1950 serve as community-wide benchmarks for intra-and interlaboratory quality control and method validation. These analyses were performed using nonstandardized laboratory-independent workflows. The consensus locations were also compared with a previous examination of SRM 1950 by the LIPID MAPS consortium.jlr While the central theme of the interlaboratory study was to provide values to help harmonize lipids, lipid mediators, and precursor measurements across the community, it was also initiated to stimulate a discussion regarding areas in need of improvement.
|
|
| 8. |
- Cheng, Kai, et al.
(författare)
-
2D lateral heterostructures of group-III monochalcogenide : Potential photovoltaic applications
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 112:14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar photovoltaics provides a practical and sustainable solution to the increasing global energy demand. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the energetics and electronic properties of two-dimensional lateral heterostructures by group-III monochalcogenides and explore their potential applications in photovoltaics. The band structures and formation energies from supercell calculations demonstrate that these heterostructures retain semiconducting behavior and might be synthesized in laboratory using the chemical vapor deposition technique. According to the computed band offsets, most of the heterojunctions belong to type II band alignment, which can prevent the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Besides, the electronic properties of these lateral heterostructures can be effectively tailored by the number of layers, leading to a high theoretical power conversion efficiency over 20%.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Han, Kai, et al.
(författare)
-
Photochemical hydrogen production from water catalyzed by CdTe quantum dots/molecular cobalt catalyst hybrid systems
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 51:32, s. 7008-7011
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hybrid system with a coordinative interaction between a cobalt complex of a N2S2-tetradentate ligand and CdTe quantum dots displayed a high activity (initial TOF 850 h(-1)) and improved stability (TON 1.44 x 10(4) based on catalyst over 30 h) for the photochemical H-2 generation from water, with a quantum efficiency of 5.32% at 400 nm.
|
|
| 12. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 27:2, s. 310-324
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell therapy has been shown to be a key clinical therapeutic option for central nervous system diseases or damage. Standardization of clinical cell therapy procedures is an important task for professional associations devoted to cell therapy. The Chinese Branch of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) completed the first set of guidelines governing the clinical application of neurorestoration in 2011. The IANR and the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR) collaborated to propose the current version "Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)". The IANR council board members and CANR committee members approved this proposal on September 1, 2016, and recommend it to clinical practitioners of cellular therapy. These guidelines include items of cell type nomenclature, cell quality control, minimal suggested cell doses, patient-informed consent, indications for undergoing cell therapy, contraindications for undergoing cell therapy, documentation of procedure and therapy, safety evaluation, efficacy evaluation, policy of repeated treatments, do not charge patients for unproven therapies, basic principles of cell therapy, and publishing responsibility.
|
|
| 13. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The Visual Object Tracking VOT2015 challenge results
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops ICCVW 2015. - : IEEE. - 9780769557205 ; , s. 564-586
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2015, VOT2015, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 62 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2015 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2015 challenge that go beyond its VOT2014 predecessor are: (i) a new VOT2015 dataset twice as large as in VOT2014 with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2014 evaluation methodology by introduction of a new performance measure. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
|
|
| 14. |
- Lixing, Zhou, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding dipole formation at dielectric/dielectric hetero-interface
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 113:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Band alignment and dipole formation at the hetero-interface still remain fascinating and, hence, are being intensively investigated. In this study, we experimentally investigate the dipole formation by employing a dielectric/dielectric (Al2O3/GeO2) interface. We investigate the dipole dependence on various post-deposition annealing (PDA) ambiences from the viewpoints of electrical extraction and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. The core level shift at the Al2O3/GeO2 interface is consistent with the dipole changes in various PDA ambiences. We discover that the dipole formation can be well explained by the interface gap state and charge neutrality level theory. These results further confirm the feasibility of gap state theory in explaining the band alignment at hetero-junctions. This study can be a booster to enhance the comprehension of dipole origin at hetero-junction interfaces.
|
|
| 15. |
- Ni, Xiangyin, et al.
(författare)
-
Formation of forest gaps accelerates C, N and P release from foliar litter during 4 years of decomposition in an alpine forest
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 139:3, s. 321-335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relative to areas under canopy, the soils in forest gaps receive more irradiance and rainfall (snowfall); this change in microclimate induced by forest gaps may influence the release of carbon (C) and nutrients during litter decomposition. However, great uncertainty remains about the effects of forest gaps on litter decomposition. In this study, we incubated foliar litters from six tree and shrub species in forest gaps and canopy plots and measured the release of C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in different snow cover periods in an alpine forest from 2012 to 2016. We found that N was retained by 24–46% but that P was immediately released during an early stage of decomposition. However, forest gaps decreased litter N retention, resulting in more N and P being released from decomposing litters for certain species (i.e., larch, birch and willow litters). Moreover, the release of C and nutrients during litter decomposition stimulated by forest gaps was primarily driven by warmer soil temperature in this high-altitude forest. We conclude that gap formation during forest regeneration may accelerate C turnover and nutrient cycling and that this stimulation might be regulated by the litter species in this seasonally snow-covered forest. © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
|
|
| 16. |
- Pan, Wei-Wei, et al.
(författare)
-
Direct Measurement of a Nonlocal Entangled Quantum State
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 123:15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entanglement and the wave function description are two of the core concepts that make quantum mechanics such a unique theory. A method to directly measure the wave function, using weak values, was demonstrated by Lundeen et al. [Nature 474, 188 (2011)]. However, it is not applicable to a scenario of two disjoint systems, where nonlocal entanglement can be a crucial element, since that requires obtaining weak values of nonlocal observables. Here, for the first time, we propose a method to directly measure a nonlocal wave function of a bipartite system, using modular values. The method is experimentally implemented for a photon pair in a hyperentangled state, i.e., entangled both in polarization and momentum degrees of freedom.
|
|
| 17. |
- Qian, Jin-Yuan, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of orifice on pressure difference in pilot-control globe valve by experimental and numerical methods
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3487 .- 0360-3199. ; 41:41, s. 18562-18570
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pilot-Control Globe Valve (PCGV) can utilize pressure difference caused by fluid flow through the orifice on valve core as its power, for open and close the main valve with a small pilot valve. It has obvious advantages of energy conservation and quick response. Orifice structure on the valve core is the main component to determine the pressure difference, which is used to push the valve core. In this paper, the numerical model with User Defined Functions (UDFs) method is carried out, and the experimental device is arranged. The numerical and experimental results of valve core displacements achieve agreements. Then, analysis of pressure difference under different static pressures, inlet velocities and different orifice diameters are carried out. It shows that pressure difference has no relationship with static pressure, thus PCGV can be adopted in hydrogen pipelines. Meanwhile, higher inlet velocity can turn out larger pressure difference with quicker response of PCGV. In addition, there exits an unbalanced moment, and 15 mm is the extreme diameter of the orifice for DN150 PCGV. Finally, the design method of the orifice structure in PCGV is proposed with design formulas. This work can help the precise design work of PCGV, and it can be referred by other researchers who are also deal with orifice structures in similar valves design work.
|
|
| 18. |
- Sun, Yanyan, et al.
(författare)
-
Haploinsufficiency in the mitochondrial protein CHCHD4 reduces brain injury in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cell Death & Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-4889. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitochondria contribute to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by releasing potentially toxic proteins into the cytosol. CHCHD4 is a mitochondrial intermembrane space protein that plays a major role in the import of intermembrane proteins and physically interacts with apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of CHCHD4 haploinsufficiency on mitochondrial function and brain injury after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in neonatal mice. CHCHD4(+/-) and wild-type littermate mouse pups were subjected to unilateral cerebral HI on postnatal day 9. CHCHD4 haploinsufficiency reduced insult-related AIF and superoxide dismutase 2 release from the mitochondria and reduced neuronal cell death. The total brain injury volume was reduced by 21.5% at 3 days and by 31.3% at 4 weeks after HI in CHCHD4(+/-) mice. However, CHCHD4 haploinsufficiency had no influence on mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, or fission; neural stem cell proliferation; or neural progenitor cell differentiation. There were no significant changes in the expression or distribution of p53 protein or p53 pathway-related genes under physiological conditions or after HI. These results suggest that CHCHD4 haploinsufficiency afforded persistent neuroprotection related to reduced release of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins. The CHCHD4-dependent import pathway might thus be a potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating neonatal brain injury.
|
|
| 19. |
- Walsh, Naomi, et al.
(författare)
-
Agnostic Pathway/Gene Set Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Data Identifies Associations for Pancreatic Cancer
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 111:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify associations of individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with cancer risk but usually only explain a fraction of the inherited variability. Pathway analysis of genetic variants is a powerful tool to identify networks of susceptibility genes.Methods: We conducted a large agnostic pathway-based meta-analysis of GWAS data using the summary-based adaptive rank truncated product method to identify gene sets and pathways associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in 9040 cases and 12 496 controls. We performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and functional annotation of the top SNPs in genes contributing to the top associated pathways and gene sets. All statistical tests were two-sided.Results: We identified 14 pathways and gene sets associated with PDAC at a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. After Bonferroni correction (P ≤ 1.3 × 10-5), the strongest associations were detected in five pathways and gene sets, including maturity-onset diabetes of the young, regulation of beta-cell development, role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor transactivation by G protein-coupled receptors in cardiac hypertrophy pathways, and the Nikolsky breast cancer chr17q11-q21 amplicon and Pujana ATM Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) network gene sets. We identified and validated rs876493 and three correlating SNPs (PGAP3) and rs3124737 (CASP7) from the Pujana ATM PCC gene set as eQTLs in two normal derived pancreas tissue datasets.Conclusion: Our agnostic pathway and gene set analysis integrated with functional annotation and eQTL analysis provides insight into genes and pathways that may be biologically relevant for risk of PDAC, including those not previously identified.
|
|
| 20. |
- Wang, Mei, et al.
(författare)
-
Integration of organometallic complexes with semiconductors and other nanomaterials for photocatalytic H-2 production
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Coordination chemistry reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-8545 .- 1873-3840. ; 287, s. 1-14
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of energy-efficient, cost-effective and durable photocatalytic systems for water splitting is one of the scientific problems that must be solved before the successful transformation from a fossil fuel-based economy to a solar fuel-based economy can be realized. Conventional photocatalytic systems are generally divided into heterogeneous systems of semiconductors, usually modified by noble metals or inorganic cocatalysts, and homogeneous systems comprised of molecular catalysts and organic or organometallic chromophores. In recent years, some hybrid photocatalytic systems were reported to be highly active and robust for photoinduced H-2 production, indicating that the integration of semiconducting materials with proper molecular catalysts is an effective strategy for constructing efficient photocatalytic systems for water splitting. This review will focus on hybrid photocatalytic systems, developed in the past three years, in which proton reduction molecular catalysts incorporate either semiconducting materials or inorganic, metal-organic, and other polymeric nanomaterials for photochemical H-2 generation from water. In the last section of the review, problems existing in the current hybrid photocatalytic systems are discussed; future challenges and developments are envisaged.
|
|
| 21. |
- Wang, Xiaolei, et al.
(författare)
-
Physically Based Evaluation of Effect of Buried Oxide on Surface Roughness Scattering Limited Hole Mobility in Ultrathin GeOI MOSFETs
- 2017
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0018-9383 .- 1557-9646. ; 64:6, s. 2611-2616
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a numerical simulation study investigating the effect of buried oxide on surface roughness scattering limited hole mobility (mu(SR)) in ultrathin germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) MOSFETs, for the first time. The simulation considers wave function penetration at channel/oxide interface and nonlinear dependence of scattering matrix element on surface fluctuation. Three types of buried oxide materials are compared (GeO2, SiO2, and Si3N4). The mu(SR) increases in the order of SiO2 < GeO2 < Si3N4. This dependence of mu(SR) on buried oxide material is due to surface fluctuation scattering from backside Ge/buried oxide interface. Our simulation results show that Si3N4 and GeO2 are beneficial as buried oxide for mobility enhancement in GeOI MOSFETs, compared with conventional SiO2 as buried oxide. Our findings provide an insight into further improving mobility characteristic.
|
|
| 22. |
- Xu, Xiao-Ye, et al.
(författare)
-
Measurements of Nonlocal Variables and Demonstration of the Failure of the Product Rule for a Pre- and Postselected Pair of Photons
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 122:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first implementation of the von Neumann instantaneous measurements of nonlocal variables, which becomes possible due to technological achievements in creating hyperentangled photons. Tests of reliability and of the nondemolition property of the measurements have been performed with high precision, showing the suitability of the scheme as a basic ingredient of numerous quantum information protocols. The method allows us to demonstrate for the first time with strong measurements a special feature of pre- and postselected quantum systems: the failure of the product rule. It has been verified experimentally that for a particular pre- and postselected pair of particles, a single measurement on particle A yields with certainty sigma(A)(x) = -1, a single measurement on particle B yields with certainty sigma(B)(y) = -1, and a single nonlocal measurement on particles A and B yields with certainty sigma(A)(x) sigma(B)(y) = -1.
|
|
