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Sökning: WFRF:(Hans Marcus) > (2015-2019)

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1.
  • Jung, Christian, et al. (författare)
  • A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery. 
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2.
  • Meeuwisse, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Inledning
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Socialt arbete: En grundbok. - 9789127141490 ; , s. 18-25
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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3.
  • Shungin, Dmitry, et al. (författare)
  • New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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4.
  • Frew, Quentin, et al. (författare)
  • Betulin wound gel accelerated healing of superficial partial thickness burns : Results of a randomized, intra-individually controlled, phase III trial with 12-months follow-up
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 45:4, s. 876-890
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Acceleration of wound healing promises advantages for patients and caregivers in reducing the burden of disease, avoiding complications such as wound infections, and improving the long-term outcome. However, medicines that can accelerate wound healing are lacking. The objective of this open, blindly evaluated, randomized, multicenter phase III study was to compare intra-individually the efficacy and tolerability of Oleogel-S10 with fatty gauze dressing versus Octenilin (R) wound gel with fatty gauze dressing in accelerating the healing of superficial partial thickness burn wounds. Methods: Acute superficial partial thickness burn wounds in adults caused by fire, heat burn or scalding were divided into 2 halves and randomly assigned to treatment with Oleogel-S10 or Octenilin (R) wound gel. Photos for observer-blinded analysis of wound healing were taken at each wound dressing change. Percentages of reepithelialization were assessed at defined intervals. Efficacy and tolerability were evaluated based on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Of 61 patients that were enrolled, 57 received the allocated intervention and 48 completed treatment. The percentage of patients with earlier wound healing was significantly higher for Oleogel-S10 (85.7%, n=30) compared to Octenilin (R) wound gel (14.3%, n= 5, p <0.0001). The mean intra-individual difference in time to wound closure was -1.0 day in favour of Oleogel-S10 (-1.4, -0.6; 95% CI, p <0.0001). Most investigators (87.0%) and patients (84.8%) evaluated the efficacy of Oleogel-S10 to be 'better' or 'much better' than that of Octenilin (R) wound gel. Long-term outcome 3 months and 12 months post injury was improved in some patients. Conclusions: Oleogel-S10 (Episalvan) significantly accelerated the healing of superficial partial thickness burn wounds. It was safe and well tolerated. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.
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5.
  • Hartmann, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Cutaneous manifestations in patients with mastocytosis : Consensus report of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis; the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology; and the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 137:1, s. 35-45
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cutaneous lesions in patients with mastocytosis are highly heterogeneous and encompass localized and disseminated forms. Although a classification and criteria for cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) have been proposed, there remains a need to better define subforms of cutaneous manifestations in patients with mastocytosis. To address this unmet need, an international task force involving experts from different organizations (including the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis; the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology; and the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology) met several times between 2010 and 2014 to discuss the classification and criteria for diagnosis of cutaneous manifestations in patients with mastocytosis. This article provides the major outcomes of these meetings and a proposal for a revised definition and criteria. In particular, we recommend that the typical maculopapular cutaneous lesions (urticaria pigmentosa) should be subdivided into 2 variants, namely a monomorphic variant with small maculopapular lesions, which is typically seen in adult patients, and a polymorphic variant with larger lesions of variable size and shape, which is typically seen in pediatric patients. Clinical observations suggest that the monomorphic variant, if it develops in children, often persists into adulthood, whereas the polymorphic variant may resolve around puberty. This delineation might have important prognostic implications, and its implementation in diagnostic algorithms and future mastocytosis classifications is recommended. Refinements are also suggested for the diagnostic criteria of CM, removal of telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans from the current classification of CM, and removal of the adjunct solitary from the term solitary mastocytoma.
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8.
  • Meeuwisse, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Vad är socialt arbete?
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Socialt arbete. En grundbok. - 9789127141490 ; , s. 29-76
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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9.
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10.
  • Swärd, Hans, et al. (författare)
  • Makt i socialt arbete
  • 2016. - 3
  • Ingår i: Socialt arbete : En grundbok - En grundbok. - 9789127141490 ; , s. 393-413
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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11.
  • Achenbach, Jan-Ole, et al. (författare)
  • Synthesis and Properties of Orthorhombic MoAlB Coatings
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Coatings. - : MDPI. - 2079-6412. ; 9:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • MoAlB is a potential candidate for high-temperature application since a dense, adherent alumina scale is formed. While, based on X-ray diffraction investigations, the formation of phase pure orthorhombic MoAlB coatings is observed, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy carried out in a scanning transmission electron microscope reveals the presence of Al-rich and O-rich regions within the MoAlB matrix. The oxidation kinetics of coatings and bulk is similar to the scale thickness formed on the MoAlB coating after oxidation at 1200 degrees C for 30 min is similar to the one extrapolated for bulk MoAlB. Furthermore, the oxidation kinetics of MoAlB coatings is significantly lower than the one reported for bulk Ti2AlC. Finally, the elastic properties measured for the as-deposited coatings are consistent ab initio predictions.
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12.
  • Ahlén, Elsa, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Glycemic control, renal complications, and current smoking in relation to excess risk of mortality in persons with type 1 diabetes
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1932-2968. ; 10:5, s. 1006-1014
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Background: A substantial excess risk of mortality still exists in persons with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the excess risk of mortality in persons with type 1 diabetes without renal complications who target goals for glycemic control and are nonsmokers. Furthermore, we evaluated risk factors of death due to hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods: We evaluated a cohort based on 33 915 persons with type 1 diabetes and 169 249 randomly selected controls from the general population matched on age, sex, and county followed over a mean of 8.0 and 8.3 years, respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality for persons with type 1 diabetes versus controls were estimated. Results: The adjusted HRs for all-cause and CVD mortality for persons with type 1 diabetes without renal complications (normoalbuminuria and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min) and HbA1c ≤ 6.9% (52 mmol/mol) compared to controls were 1.22 (95% CI 0.98-1.52) and 1.03 (95% CI 0.66-1.60), respectively. The HRs increased with higher updated mean HbA1c. For nonsmokers in this group, the HRs for all-cause and CVD mortality were somewhat lower: 1.11 (95% CI 0.87-1.42) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.53-1.48) at updated mean HbA1c ≤ 6.9% (52 mmol/mol). HRs for significant predictors for deaths due to hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis in persons < 50 years were male sex 2.40 (95% CI 1.27-4.52), smoking 2.86 (95% CI 1.57-5.22), lower educational level 3.01 (95% CI 1.26-7.22), albuminuria or advanced kidney disease 2.83 (95% CI 1.63-4.93), earlier hospital diagnosis of hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis 2.30 (95% CI 1.20-4.42), and earlier diagnosis of intoxication 2.53 (95% CI 1.06-6.04). Conclusions: If currently recommended HbA1c targets can be reached, renal complications and smoking avoided in persons with type 1 diabetes, the excess risk of mortality will likely converge substantially to that of the general population.
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13.
  • Andersson Trojer, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Use of anchoring amphiphilic diblock copolymers for encapsulation of hydrophilic actives in polymeric microcapsules : methodology and encapsulation efficiency
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Colloid and Polymer Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0303-402X .- 1435-1536. ; 297:2, s. 307-313
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aqueous core-shell particles based on polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate) or polycaprolactone have been formulated using a facile double emulsion-based solvent evaporation method. The size distribution is narrow, and the morphology control is remarkable given the simple characteristics of the encapsulation method. The inner droplets are stabilized by oil-soluble poly(ethylene oxide)-based block copolymers which are anchored in the polymeric shell by using hydrophobic blocks of the same type as that of the shell-forming polymer. This facilitates the efficient encapsulation of dyes and hydrophilic biocides. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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14.
  • Apró, William, et al. (författare)
  • Amino Acid-induced S6K1 Activity In Human Skeletal Muscle Is Mediated By Increased mTor/Rheb Interaction : 128 June 1, 11: 15 AM - 11: 30 AM.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Medicine And Science In Sports And Exercise 2016 May; Vol. 48 (5S Suppl 1), pp. 17.. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). ; 48:5 Suppl 1, s. 17-
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cell culture studies have shown that amino acids activate mTORC1 signaling by increasing the interaction between mTOR and its essential activator Rheb. However, the existence of this mechanism in human skeletal muscle remains to be determined.PURPOSE: To determine if increased mTORC1 signaling in response to amino acids in human skeletal muscle is due to an increased interaction between mTOR and Rheb.METHODS: Eight well trained men performed resistance exercise on two separate occasions. In connection with the exercise, subjects were supplemented with flavored water (Pla) and essential amino acids (EAA) in a double-blind, randomized cross-over design. Muscle biopsies were taken in the vastus lateralis muscle before, immediately after and 90 and 180 min post exercise. Activity of the mTORC1 pathway was assessed by a radiolabeled in-vitro kinase assay for its immediate downstream target S6K1. Protein-protein interactions were determined by western blot following co-immunoprecipitation of mTOR with Rheb. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed on pooled muscle samples from three of the eight subjects.RESULTS: Activity of S6K1 remained unchanged immediately after exercise in both trials. However, at 90 min post exercise, S6K1 activity increased by approximately 2- and 8-fold (p<0.05) from baseline the Pla and EAA trials, respectively. At the 180 min time point, S6K1 activity remained elevated in both trials being approx. 3-fold higher in the Pla trial and 5-fold higher (p<0.05) in the EAA trial. The fold-change in mTOR and Rheb interaction largely resembled the activity pattern of S6K1 in both trials; in the Pla trial the fold-change was 0.9, 1.3 and 1.4 while in the EAA trial the fold-change was 1.6, 2.9 and 1.9 immediately after, 90 min after and 180 min after exercise, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The large increase in S6K1 activity following EAA intake appears to be mediated by an increased interaction between mTOR and its proximal activator Rheb. This is the first time this mechanism has been demonstrated in human skeletal muscle.
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16.
  • Apró, William, et al. (författare)
  • Leucine does not affect mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 assembly but is required for maximal ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 activity in human skeletal muscle following resistance exercise
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : Wiley. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 29:10, s. 4358-4373
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We examined how the stimulatory effect of leucine on the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is affected by the presence of the remaining essential amino acids (EAAs). Nine male subjects performed resistance exercise on 4 occasions and were randomly supplied EAAs with leucine, EAAs without leucine (EAA-Leu), leucine alone, or flavored water (placebo; control). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and 60 and 90 min after exercise. Biopsies were analyzed for protein phosphorylation, kinase activity, protein-protein interactions, amino acid concentrations, and tracer incorporation. Leucine alone stimulated ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 (S6K1) phosphorylation similar to 280% more than placebo and EAA-Leu after exercise. Moreover, this response was enhanced by 60-75% after intake of EAAs compared with that of leucine alone (P < 0.05). Kinase activity of S6K1 reflected that of S6K1 phosphorylation; 60 min after exercise, the activity was elevated 3.3- and 4.2-fold with intake of leucine alone and with EAAs, respectively (P < 0.05). The interaction between mammalian target of rapamycin and regulatory-associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin was unaltered in response to both resistance exercise and amino acid provision. Leucine alone stimulates mTORC1 signaling, although this response is enhanced by other EAAs and does not appear to be caused by alterations inmTORC1 assembly.
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17.
  • Apró, William, et al. (författare)
  • Resistance exercise induced S6K1 kinase activity is not inhibited in human skeletal muscle despite prior activation of AMPK by high intensity interval cycling.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 308:6, s. E470-E481
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Combining endurance and strength training in the same session has been reported to reduce the anabolic response to the latter form of exercise. The underlying mechanism, based primarily on results from rodent muscle, is proposed to involve AMPK-dependent inhibition of mTORC1 signaling. This hypothesis was tested in eight trained male subjects who in a randomized order performed either resistance exercise only (R) or interval cycling followed by resistance exercise (ER). Biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis before and after endurance exercise and repeatedly after resistance exercise were assessed for glycogen content, kinase activity, protein phosphorylation and gene expression. Mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate was measured at rest and during 3h of recovery using the stable isotope technique. In ER, AMPK activity was elevated immediately after both endurance and resistance exercise (~90%, P<0.05) but was unchanged in R. Thr389 phosphorylation of S6K1 was increased several-fold immediately after exercise (P<0.05) in both trials and increased further throughout recovery. After 90 and 180 min recovery, S6K1 activity was elevated (~55% and ~110%, respectively, P<0.05) and eEF2 phosphorylation was reduced (~55%, P<0.05) with no difference between trials. In contrast, markers for protein catabolism were differently influenced by the two modes of exercise; ER induced a significant increase in gene and protein expression of MuRF1 (P<0.05), which was not observed following R exercise only. In conclusion, cycling-induced elevation in AMPK activity does not inhibit mTORC1 signaling after subsequent resistance exercise, but may instead interfere with the hypertrophic response by influencing key components in protein breakdown.
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18.
  • Arvidsson, Niklas, et al. (författare)
  • Cirkulära möbelflöden : Hur nya affärsmodeller kan bidra till hållbar utveckling inom offentliga möbler
  • 2017
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sverige har en stark möbelindustri och en stolt tradition av att tillverka tidlösa och högkvalitativa möbler, ofta av naturmaterial. 2016 producerade Sverige möbler för 22,8 miljarder SEK, varav kontorsmöbler stod för nästan en fjärdedel1. Det saknas idag statistik över vad som händer med dessa möbler när de inte längre används, men det står klart att många av dem slängs i förtid när verksamheter flyttar eller när deras behov ändras. Samtidigt syns en tydlig utveckling mot att kunder mer och mer efterfrågar återbrukade eller renoverade möbler som en del i sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Denna utveckling var startpunkten för projektet ”Affärsmodell-innovation för cirkulära möbelflöden”. Affärsmodellinnovation för cirkulära möbelflöden är ett Vinnovafinansierat projekt som under åren 2015-2017 arbetat med att utveckla och testa koncept för cirkulära affärsmodeller för i första hand offentliga möbler. I projektet har tjugo aktörer från hela värdekedjan, från underleverantörer, möbelproducenter, återförsäljare och användare till forskare och branschorgan, samarbetat kring affärsutveckling, kundincitament, produktdesign, logistik, hållbarhets- och certifieringsfrågor. Den här skriften belyser hur nya affärsmodeller för mer cirkulära möbelflöden kan bidra till en mer hållbar utveckling och ger smakprov på slutsatser från projektet. Skriften riktar sig framför allt till producenter och återförsäljare av möbler för offentliga miljöer, men även kunder och inköpare tror vi kan ha stor nytta av skriften. Vi hoppas att den även kan fungera som inspiration för andra industrier och branscher som funderar på en övergång till mer cirkulära affärsekosystem.
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19.
  • Baben, Moritz to, et al. (författare)
  • Unprecedented thermal stability of inherently metastable titanium aluminum nitride by point defect engineering
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Materials Research Letters. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 2166-3831. ; 5:3, s. 158-169
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Extreme cooling rates during physical vapor deposition (PVD) allow growth of metastable phases. However, we propose that reactive PVD processes can be described by a gas-solid paraequilibrium defining chemical composition and thus point defect concentration. Weshow that this notion allows for point defect engineering by controlling deposition conditions. As example we demonstrate that thermal stability of metastable (Ti, Al) Nx, the industrial benchmark coating for wear protection, can be increased from 800 degrees C to unprecedented 1200 degrees C by minimizing the vacancy concentration. The thermodynamic approach formulated here opens a pathway for thermal stability engineering by point defects in reactively deposited thin films.
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20.
  • Beaumont, Robin N, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86,577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 27:4, s. 742-756
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, while relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86,577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother-child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P<5x10-8. In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.
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21.
  • Blomberg, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Socialpolitik och socialt arbete
  • 2016. - Tredje utgåvan
  • Ingår i: Socialt arbete: En grundbok. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127141490 ; , s. 215-227
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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22.
  • Brenner, Darren R, et al. (författare)
  • Identification of lung cancer histology-specific variants applying Bayesian framework variant prioritization approaches within the TRICL and ILCCO consortia
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press. - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 36:11, s. 1314-1326
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have likely uncovered all common variants at the GWAS significance level. Additional variants within the suggestive range (0.0001> P > 5×10−8) are, however, still of interest for identifying causal associations. This analysis aimed to apply novel variant prioritization approaches to identify additional lung cancer variants that may not reach the GWAS level. Effects were combined across studies with a total of 33456 controls and 6756 adenocarcinoma (AC; 13 studies), 5061 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 12 studies) and 2216 small cell lung cancer cases (9 studies). Based on prior information such as variant physical properties and functional significance, we applied stratified false discovery rates, hierarchical modeling and Bayesian false discovery probabilities for variant prioritization. We conducted a fine mapping analysis as validation of our methods by examining top-ranking novel variants in six independent populations with a total of 3128 cases and 2966 controls. Three novel loci in the suggestive range were identified based on our Bayesian framework analyses: KCNIP4 at 4p15.2 (rs6448050, P = 4.6×10−7) and MTMR2 at 11q21 (rs10501831, P = 3.1×10−6) with SCC, as well as GAREM at 18q12.1 (rs11662168, P = 3.4×10−7) with AC. Use of our prioritization methods validated two of the top three loci associated with SCC (P = 1.05×10−4 for KCNIP4, represented by rs9799795) and AC (P = 2.16×10−4 for GAREM, represented by rs3786309) in the independent fine mapping populations. This study highlights the utility of using prior functional data for sequence variants in prioritization analyses to search for robust signals in the suggestive range.
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23.
  • Brink, Rob C., et al. (författare)
  • Anterior Spinal Overgrowth Is the Result of the Scoliotic Mechanism and Is Located in the Disc
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Spine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 42:11, s. 818-822
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Study Design. Cross-sectional study. Objective. To investigate the presence and magnitude of anterior spinal overgrowth in neuromuscular scoliosis and compare this with the same measurements in idiopathic scoliosis and healthy spines. Summary of Background Data. Anterior spinal overgrowth has been described as a potential driver for the onset and progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Whether this anterior overgrowth is specific for AIS or also present in nonidiopathic scoliosis has not been reported. Methods. Supine computed tomography (CT) scans of thirty AIS patients (thoracic Cobb 21-81 degrees), thirty neuromuscular (NM) scoliotic patients (thoracic Cobb 19-101 degrees) and 30 nonscoliotic controls were used. The difference in length in per cents between the anterior and posterior side {[(Delta A-P)/P] * 100%, abbreviated to A-P%} of each vertebral body and intervertebral disc, and between the anterior side of the spine and the spinal canal (A-C%) were determined. Results. The A-P% of the thoracic curves did not differ between the AIS (+1.2 perpendicular to 2.2%) and NM patients (+0.9 +/- 4.1%, P = 0.663), both did differ, however, from the same measurements in controls (-3.0 +/- 1.6%; Pamp;lt; 0.001) and correlated linearly with the Cobb angle (AIS r = 0.678, NM r = 0.687). Additional anterior length was caused by anterior elongation of the discs (AIS: A-P% disc +17.5 +/- 12.7% vs. A-P% body - 2.5 +/- 2.6%; Pamp;lt; 0.001, NM: A-P% disc + 19.1 +/- 18.0% vs. A-P% body -3.5 +/- 5.1%; Pamp;lt; 0.001). The A-C% T1-S1 in AIS and NM patients were similar (+ 7.9 +/- 1.8% and + 8.7 +/- 4.0%, P = 0.273), but differed from the controls (+4.2 +/- 3.3%; Pamp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion. So called anterior overgrowth has been postulated as a possible cause for idiopathic scoliosis, but apparently it occurs in scoliosis with a known origin as well. This suggests that it is part of a more generalized scoliotic mechanism, rather than its cause. The fact that the intervertebral discs contribute more to this increased anterior length than the vertebral bodies suggests an adaptation to altered loading, rather than a primary growth disturbance.
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24.
  • Buggert, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • CD4+ T cells with an activated and exhausted phenotype distinguish immunodeficiency during aviremic HIV-2 infection
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: AIDS. - 0269-9370. ; 30:16, s. 2415-2426
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE:: HIV-2 represents an attenuated form of HIV, where many infected individuals remain “aviremic” without antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, aviremic HIV-2 disease progression exits, and in the current study we therefore aimed to examine if specific pathological characteristics of CD4+ T cells are linked to such outcome. DESIGN:: HIV-seronegative (n=25), HIV-1 (n?=?33), HIV-2 (n?=?39, of whom 26 were aviremic), and HIV-1/2 dually (HIV-D) (n?=?13) infected subjects were enrolled from an occupational cohort in Guinea-Bissau. METHODS:: CD4+ T cell differentiation, activation, exhaustion, senescence, and transcription factors were assessed by polychromatic flow cytometry. Multidimensional clustering bioinformatic tools were used to identify CD4+ T cell subpopulations linked to infection type and disease stage. RESULTS:: HIV-2-infected individuals had early- and late-differentiated CD4+ T cell clusters with lower activation (CD38+HLA-DR+) and exhaustion (PD-1) than HIV-1 and HIV-D-infected subjects. We also noted that aviremic HIV-2-infected individuals possessed fewer CD4+ T cells with pathological signs compared to other HIV-infected groups. Still, compared to HIV-seronegatives, aviremic HIV-2-infected subjects had T-bet+ CD4+ T cells that showed elevated immune activation/exhaustion, and particularly the frequencies of PD-1+ cells were associated with suboptimal percentage of CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS:: Increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells with an activated/exhausted phenotype correlate with exacerbated immunodeficiency in aviremic HIV-2-infected individuals. Thus, these findings encourage studies on the introduction of ART also to individuals with aviremic HIV-2 infection.
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25.
  • Bächle, Susanna M., et al. (författare)
  • Elevated levels of iNKT cell and NK cell activation correlate with disease progression in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: AIDS. - 0269-9370. ; 30:11, s. 1713-1722
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE:: In this study we aimed to investigate the frequency and activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and natural killer (NK) cells among HIV-1, HIV-2, or dually HIV-1/HIV-2 (HIV-D)-infected individuals, in relation to markers of disease progression. DESIGN:: Whole blood samples were collected from treatment-naïve HIV-1 (n?=?23), HIV-2 (n?=?34) and HIV-D (n?=?11) infected individuals, as well as HIV-seronegative controls (n?=?25), belonging to an occupational cohort in Guinea-Bissau. METHODS:: Frequencies and activation levels of iNKT and NK cell subsets were analysed using multi-colour flow cytometry and results were related to HIV-status, CD4+ T cell levels, viral load, and T cell activation. RESULTS:: HIV-1, HIV-D, and viremic HIV-2 individuals had lower numbers of CD4+ iNKT cells in circulation compared to seronegative controls. Numbers of CD56 NK cells were also reduced in HIV-infected individuals as compared to control subjects. Notably, iNKT cell and NK cell activation levels, assessed by CD38 expression, were increased in HIV-1 and HIV-2 single, as well as dual, infections. HIV-2 viremia was associated with elevated activation levels in CD4+ iNKT cells, CD56 and CD56 NK cells, as compared to aviremic HIV-2 infection. Additionally, disease markers such as CD4+ T cell percentages, viral load, and CD4+ T cell activation were associated with CD38 expression levels of both iNKT and NK cells, which activation levels also correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS:: Our data indicate that elevated levels of iNKT cell and NK cell activation are associated with viremia and disease progression markers in both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections.
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26.
  • C. Couto, Rafael, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Selective gating to vibrational modes through resonant X-ray scattering
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 2041-1723. ; 8, s. 14165-1-14165-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The dynamics of fragmentation and vibration of molecular systems with a large number of coupled degrees of freedom are key aspects for understanding chemical reactivity and properties. Here we present a resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) study to show how it is possible to break down such a complex multidimensional problem into elementary components. Local multimode nuclear wave packets created by X-ray excitation to different core-excited potential energy surfaces (PESs) will act as spatial gates to selectively probe the particular ground-state vibrational modes and, hence, the PES along these modes. We demonstrate this principle by combining ultra-high resolution RIXS measurements for gas-phase water with state-of-the-art simulations.
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27.
  • Carreras-Torres, Robert, et al. (författare)
  • Obesity, metabolic factors and risk of different histological types of lung cancer : a Mendelian randomization study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library science. - 1932-6203. ; 12:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Assessing the relationship between lung cancer and metabolic conditions is challenging because of the confounding effect of tobacco. Mendelian randomization (MR), or the use of genetic instrumental variables to assess causality, may help to identify the metabolic drivers of lung cancer. Methods and findings: We identified genetic instruments for potential metabolic risk factors and evaluated these in relation to risk using 29,266 lung cancer cases (including 11,273 adenocarcinomas, 7,426 squamous cell and 2,664 small cell cases) and 56,450 controls. The MR risk analysis suggested a causal effect of body mass index (BMI) on lung cancer risk for two of the three major histological subtypes, with evidence of a risk increase for squamous cell carcinoma (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.20 [1.01-1.43] and for small cell lung cancer (OR [95% CI] = 1.52 [1.15-2.00]) for each standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI [4.6 kg/m(2)]), but not for adenocarcinoma (OR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.79-1.08]) (P-heterogeneity = 4.3x10(-3)). Additional analysis using a genetic instrument for BMI showed that each SD increase in BMI increased cigarette consumption by 1.27 cigarettes per day (P = 2.1x10(-3)), providing novel evidence that a genetic susceptibility to obesity influences smoking patterns. There was also evidence that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely associated with lung cancer overall risk (OR [95% CI] = 0.90 [0.84-0.97] per SD of 38 mg/dl), while fasting insulin was positively associated (OR [95% CI] = 1.63 [1.25-2.13] per SD of 44.4 pmol/l). Sensitivity analyses including a weighted-median approach and MR-Egger test did not detect other pleiotropic effects biasing the main results. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with a causal role of fasting insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in lung cancer etiology, as well as for BMI in squamous cell and small cell carcinoma. The latter relation may be mediated by a previously unrecognized effect of obesity on smoking behavior.
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28.
  • Dahlqvist, S., et al. (författare)
  • Risk of atrial fibrillation in people with type 1 diabetes compared with matched controls from the general population: a prospective case-control study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-8587. ; 5:10, s. 799-807
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Type 1 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing several cardiovascular complications. To our knowledge, the independent association between type 1 diabetes and atrial fibrillation has not been studied. Methods We did a prospective case-control study of individuals with type 1 diabetes in the Swedish National Diabetes Registry who were each matched with five controls for age, sex, and county of residence who were randomly selected from the Swedish Population Register. Cases of atrial fibrillation were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Registry. Findings We followed up 36 258 patients with type 1 diabetes and 179 980 controls between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2013. Median follow-up was 9.7 years (IQR 5.2-13.0) for patients and 10.2 years (5.7-13.0) for controls. 749 (2%) individuals with type 1 diabetes and 2882 (2%) controls were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.13 (95% CI 1.01-1.25; p = 0.029) in men and 1.50 (1.30-1.72; p < 0.0001) in women (p = 0.0019 for interaction). The excess risk of atrial fibrillation in individuals with type 1 diabetes increased with worsening glycaemic control and renal complications. Among individuals with normoalbuminuria, no excess risk of atrial fibrillation was noted in men with type 1 diabetes who had HbA(1c) lower than 9.7% (< 83 mmol/mol) or in women with type 1 diabetes who had HbA(1c) lower than 8.8% (< 73 mmol/mol). Interpretation Compared with the general population, the risk of atrial fibrillation in men with type 1 diabetes was slightly raised, whereas for female patients it was 50% higher. The risk of atrial fibrillation in people with type 1 diabetes increased with renal complications and poor glycaemic control.
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29.
  • Eliasson-Lappalainen, Rosmari, et al. (författare)
  • Om olika vägar till kunskap
  • 2016. - 3
  • Ingår i: Socialt arbete – en grundbok. - 9789127141490 ; , s. 334-334
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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30.
  • Eriksson, Susanna K., et al. (författare)
  • In-Situ Probing of H2O Effects on a Ru-Complex Adsorbed on TiO2 Using Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Topics in catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1022-5528 .- 1572-9028. ; 59:5-7, s. 583-590
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dye-sensitized interfaces in photocatalytic and solar cells systems are significantly affected by the choice of electrolyte solvent. In the present work, the interface between the hydrophobic Ru-complex Z907, a commonly used dye in molecular solar cells, and TiO2 was investigated with ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-PES) to study the effect of water atmosphere on the chemical and electronic structure of the dye/TiO2 interface. Both laboratory-based Al K alpha as well as synchrotron-based ambient pressure measurements using hard X-ray (AP-HAXPES) were used. AP-HAXPES data were collected at pressures of up to 25 mbar (i.e., the vapor pressure of water at room temperature) showing the presence of an adsorbed water overlayer on the sample surface. Adopting a quantitative AP-HAXPES analysis methodology indicates a stable stoichiometry in the presence of the water atmosphere. However, solvation effects due to the presence of water were observed both in the valence band region and for the S 1s core level and the results were compared with DFT calculations of the dye-water complex.
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31.
  • Erlinge, David, et al. (författare)
  • Therapeutic Hypothermia for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction-Combined Analysis of the RAPID MI-ICE and the CHILL-MI Trials
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 2153-7658 .- 2153-7933. ; 5:2, s. 77-84
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the randomized rapid intravascular cooling in myocardial infarction as adjunctive to percutaneous coronary intervention (RAPID MI-ICE) and rapid endovascular catheter core cooling combined with cold saline as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction CHILL-MI studies, hypothermia was rapidly induced in conscious patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by a combination of cold saline and endovascular cooling. Twenty patients in RAPID MI-ICE and 120 in CHILL-MI with large STEMIs, scheduled for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within <6 hours after symptom onset were randomized to hypothermia induced by rapid infusion of 600-2000mL cold saline combined with endovascular cooling or standard of care. Hypothermia was initiated before PCI and continued for 1-3 hours after reperfusion aiming at a target temperature of 33 degrees C. The primary endpoint was myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of myocardium at risk (IS/MaR) assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 4 +/- 2 days. Patients randomized to hypothermia treatment achieved a mean core body temperature of 34.7 degrees C before reperfusion. Although significance was not achieved in CHILL-MI, in the pooled analysis IS/MaR was reduced in the hypothermia group, relative reduction (RR) 15% (40.5, 28.0-57.6 vs. 46.6, 36.8-63.8, p=0.046, median, interquartile range [IQR]). IS/MaR was predominantly reduced in early anterior STEMI (0-4h) in the hypothermia group, RR=31% (40.5, 28.8-51.9 vs. 59.0, 45.0-67.8, p=0.01, median, IQR). There was no mortality in either group. The incidence of heart failure was reduced in the hypothermia group (2 vs. 11, p=0.009). Patients with large MaR (>30% of the left ventricle) exhibited significantly reduced IS/MaR in the hypothermia group (40.5, 27.0-57.6 vs. 55.1, 41.1-64.4, median, IQR; hypothermia n=42 vs. control n=37, p=0.03), while patients with MaR<30% did not show effect of hypothermia (35.8, 28.3-57.5 vs. 38.4, 27.4-59.7, median, IQR; hypothermia n=15 vs. control n=19, p=0.50). The prespecified pooled analysis of RAPID MI-ICE and CHILL-MI indicates a reduction of myocardial IS and reduction in heart failure by 1-3 hours with endovascular cooling in association with primary PCI of acute STEMI predominantly in patients with large area of myocardium at risk. (ClinicalTrials.gov id NCT00417638 and NCT01379261).
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32.
  • Fahnestock, Jesse, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • RISEnergy: Roadmaps for energy innovation in Sweden through 2030
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • RISE Research Institutes of Sweden is a group of research and technology organisations. RISE is a leading innovation partner working global cooperation with academia, enterprise and society to create value, growth and competitiveness through research excellence and innovation.In the area of Energy, RISE has developed innovation Roadmaps covering:Energy Efficient TransportElectric Power SystemEnergy Efficient and Smart BuildingsSustainable Thermal ProcessesEfficient Energy Use in IndustryDecarbonisation of Basic IndustriesThese Roadmaps describe development pathways for technologies, non-technical elements (market design, user behaviours, policies, etc.) and key actors that deliver on a plausible, desirable vision for each respective innovation area in 2030. These Roadmaps are intended to support RISE’s strategic planning and development, but should be relevant reading for anyone interested in energy innovation in Sweden.
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33.
  • Gaines, Hans, et al. (författare)
  • Six-week follow-up after HIV-1 exposure: a position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 48:2, s. 93-98
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2014 the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) conducted a review and analysis of the state of knowledge on the duration of follow-up after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Up until then a follow-up of 12 weeks after exposure had been recommended, but improved tests and new information on early diagnosis motivated a re-evaluation of the national recommendations by experts representing infectious diseases and microbiology, county medical officers, the RAV, the Public Health Agency, and other national authorities. Based on the current state of knowledge the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the RAV recommend, starting in April 2015, a follow-up period of 6 weeks after possible HIV-1 exposure, if HIV testing is performed using laboratory-based combination tests detecting both HIV antibody and antigen. If point-of-care rapid HIV tests are used, a follow-up period of 8 weeks is recommended, because currently available rapid tests have insufficient sensitivity for detection of HIV-1 antigen. A follow-up period of 12 weeks is recommended after a possible exposure for HIV-2, since presently used assays do not include HIV-2 antigens and only limited information is available on the development of HIV antibodies during early HIV-2 infection. If pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis is administered, the follow-up period is recommended to begin after completion of prophylaxis. Even if infection cannot be reliably excluded before the end of the recommended follow-up period, HIV testing should be performed at first contact for persons who seek such testing.
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34.
  • Gleich, Stephan, et al. (författare)
  • Modifying the nanostructure and the mechanical properties of Mo2BC hard coatings : Influence of substrate temperature during magnetron sputtering
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Materials & design. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 142, s. 203-211
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A reduction in synthesis temperature is favorable for hard coatings, which are designed for industrial applications, as manufacturing costs can be saved and technologically relevant substrate materials are often temperature-sensitive. In this study, we analyzed Mo2BC hard coatings deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures, ranging from 380 degrees C to 630 degrees C. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed that a dense structure of columnar grains, which formed at a substrate temperature of 630 degrees C, continuously diminishes with decreasing substrate temperature. It almost vanishes in the coating deposited at 380 degrees C, which shows nanocrystals of similar to 1 nm in diameter embedded in an amorphous matrix. Moreover, Argon from the deposition process is incorporated in the film and its amount increases with decreasing substrate temperature. Nanoindentation experiments provided evidence that hardness and Young's modulus are modified by the nanostructure of the analyzed Mo2BC coatings. A substrate temperature rise from 380 degrees C to 630 degrees C resulted in an increase in hardness (21 GPa to 28 GPa) and Young's modulus (259 GPa to 462 GPa). We conclude that the substrate temperature determines the nanostructure and the associated changes in bond strength and stiffness and thus, influences hardness and Young's modulus of the coatings.
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35.
  • Greczynski, Grzegorz, et al. (författare)
  • Control over the Phase Formation in Metastable Transition Metal Nitride Thin Films by Tuning the Al+ Subplantation Depth
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Coatings. - : MDPI. - 2079-6412. ; 9:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The performance of transition metal nitride based coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering, in a broad range of applications including wear-protective coatings on cutting tools and components in automotive engines, is determined by their phase content. The classical example is the precipitation of thermodynamically-favored wurtzite-AlN while alloying TiN with Al to obtain ternary single phase NaCl-structure films with improved high-temperature oxidation resistance. Here, we report on reactive high-power impulse and direct current magnetron co-sputtering (HiPIMS/DCMS) growth of Ti0.31Al0.69N and Zr0.48Al0.52N thin films. The Al concentrations are intentionally chosen to be higher than theoretically predicted solubility limits for the rock salt structure. The goal is to investigate the effect of the incident Al+ energy E-Al(+), controlled by varying the amplitude of the substrate bias applied synchronously with the Al+-rich portion of the ion flux from the Al-HiPIMS source, on the crystalline phase formation. For EAl+ amp;lt;= 60 eV, films contain predominantly the wurtzite phase. With increasing E-Al(+), and thus, the Al subplantation depth, the relative fraction of the NaCl structure increases and eventually for E-Al(+) amp;gt; 250 eV, Ti0.31Al0.69N and Zr0.48Al0.52N layers contain more than 95% of the rock salt phase. Thus, the separation of the film forming species in time and energy domains determines the phase formation of Ti0.31Al0.69N and Zr0.48Al0.52N layers and enables the growth of the cubic phase outside of the predicted Al concentration range. The new film growth concept can be applied to the entire family of multinary transition metal aluminum nitrides, where one of the metallic film constituents is available in the ionized form while the other arrives as neutral.
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36.
  • Hammer, Steffen, et al. (författare)
  • Validation of a Forced Response Prediction Method for Design of Axial Compressors
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics & Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines. ; , s. 1-8
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The linearized time-harmonic Navier-Stokes solver LINNEA is used to evaluate the forcing of a rotor blade in the transonic compressor Hulda, at part speed. Hulda is a 1½ stage demonstrator compressor consisting of a variable inlet guide vanes (VIGV), rotors, stators and outlet guide vanes (OGV). The forcing of the rotor is evaluated for different setting angles of the VIGV. The mesh study shows that, for this computational setup, a mesh independent solution was obtained in RANS simulation using CFX and in the linearized Navier-Stokes solver LINNEA for the same grid resolution.The results obtained using LINNEA are compared to results from three URANS simulations using CFX. The first URANS case uses scaled geometries and rotational periodic boundary conditions. The second and third case use the true geometry in conjunction with rotational periodic boundary conditions: “profile transformation” and with time-lagged periodic boundary conditions: “time transformation” in CFX’ nomenclature, which corresponds to time-inclined computational planes. LINNEA is run with two different boundary conditions at the inlet to the rotor domain, obtained from a RANS and URANS simulation, respectively.The forcing is evaluated at engine orders 15, 30 and 45, corresponding to VIGV passing frequency and multiples thereof. The results show that the amplitude of the tangential force variation calculated with the different methods and boundary conditions, is within a 1.3% interval based on the total tangential force for the nominal (0 degree) VIGV setting and within a 3.3% interval for the VIGV setting angle of 30 degrees at engine order 15.Using a linear time-harmonic Navier-Stokes solver to calculate forcing of a rotor blade interacting an upstream component is shown to be a possible and attractive alternative to URANS calculations. A linear harmonic simulation is less computationally demanding than a URANS simulation. The mean flow solution required by the linearized solver does not incur any additional computational effort since it is usually already available from general performance calculations. Further is shown that for URANS analyses a scaling of the model can be neglected since results obtained for a scaled model are in good agreement with results obtained for an unscaled model using profile transformation (PT) to handle the variation of pitch between components.
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37.
  • Hans, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • Stress-Dependent Elasticity of TiAlN Coatings
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Coatings. - : MDPI. - 2079-6412. ; 9:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigate the effect of continuous vs. periodically interrupted plasma exposure during cathodic arc evaporation on the elastic modulus as well as the residual stress state of metastable cubic TiAlN coatings. Nanoindentation reveals that the elastic modulus of TiAlN grown at floating potential with continuous plasma exposure is 7%-11% larger than for coatings grown with periodically interrupted plasma exposure due to substrate rotation. In combination with X-ray stress analysis, it is evident that the elastic modulus is governed by the residual stress state. The experimental dependence of the elastic modulus on the stress state is in excellent agreement with ab initio predictions. The macroparticle surface coverage exhibits a strong angular dependence as both density and size of incorporated macroparticles are significantly lower during continuous plasma exposure. Scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals the formation of underdense boundary regions between the matrix and TiN-rich macroparticles. The estimated porosity is on the order of 1% and a porosity-induced elastic modulus reduction of 5%-9% may be expected based on effective medium theory. It appears reasonable to assume that these underdense boundary regions enable stress relaxation causing the experimentally determined reduction in elastic modulus as the population of macroparticles is increased.
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38.
  • Hans, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • Substrate rotation-induced chemical modulation in Ti-Al-O-N coatings synthesized by cathodic arc in an industrial deposition plant
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 305, s. 249-253
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reactive cathodic arc evaporation of Ti-Al-O-N was carried out in an industrial deposition system with two-fold substrate rotation. The structural and compositional evolution of the coatings was studied by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy and 3D atom probe tomography (APT). The formation of alternating O- and N-rich sublayers was identified by APT and can be understood by considering the substrate rotation induced variation in plasma density and fluxes of film-forming species. The effect of plasma density and fluxes on the incorporation of reactive species was studied in stationary deposition experiments and preferred N incorporation occurs, when the growing coating surface is facing the arc source. Thus, the growing surface is positioned in a region of high plasma density characterized by large fluxes of film forming-species. Preferred O incorporation takes place in a region of low plasma density where small fluxes are present, when the growing surface is blocked from the arc source by the substrate holder. Hence, compositional modulations are caused by substrate rotation as the growing coating surface is periodically exposed to regions of high plasma density and large fluxes of film-forming species and regions of low plasma density and small fluxes. These findings are highly relevant for all reactive industrial plasma assisted physical vapor deposition processes utilizing substrate rotation.
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39.
  • Harmon, Matthew B.A., et al. (författare)
  • Practice of mechanical ventilation in cardiac arrest patients and effects of targeted temperature management : A substudy of the targeted temperature management trial
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572. ; 129, s. 29-36
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: Mechanical ventilation practices in patients with cardiac arrest are not well described. Also, the effect of temperature on mechanical ventilation settings is not known. The aims of this study were 1) to describe practice of mechanical ventilation and its relation with outcome 2) to determine effects of different target temperatures strategies (33 °C versus 36 °C) on mechanical ventilation settings. Methods: This is a substudy of the TTM-trial in which unconscious survivors of a cardiac arrest due to a cardiac cause were randomized to two TTM strategies, 33 °C (TTM33) and 36 °C (TTM36). Mechanical ventilation data were obtained at three time points: 1) before TTM; 2) at the end of TTM (before rewarming) and 3) after rewarming. Logistic regression was used to determine an association between mechanical ventilation variables and outcome. Repeated-measures mixed modelling was performed to determine the effect of TTM on ventilation settings. Results: Mechanical ventilation data was available for 567 of the 950 TTM patients. Of these, 81% was male with a mean (SD) age of 64 (12) years. At the end of TTM median tidal volume was 7.7 ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW)(6.4–8.7) and 60% of patients were ventilated with a tidal volume ≤ 8 ml/kg PBW. Median PEEP was 7.7cmH2O (6.4–8.7) and mean driving pressure was 14.6 cmH2O (±4.3). The median FiO2 fraction was 0.35 (0.30–0.45). Multivariate analysis showed an independent relationship between increased respiratory rate and 28-day mortality. TTM33 resulted in lower end-tidal CO2 (Pgroup = 0.0003) and higher alveolar dead space fraction (Pgroup = 0.003) compared to TTM36, while PCO2 levels and respiratory minute volume were similar between groups. Conclusions: In the majority of the cardiac arrest patients, protective ventilation settings are applied, including low tidal volumes and driving pressures. High respiratory rate was associated with mortality. TTM33 results in lower end-tidal CO2 levels and a higher alveolar dead space fraction compared to TTTM36.
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40.
  • Hoppe, Sabina, et al. (författare)
  • Predictions of Cu toxicity in three aquatic species using bioavailability tools in four Swedish soft freshwaters
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 27:25
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundThe EU member countries are currently implementing the Water Framework Directive to promote better water quality and overview of their waters. The directive recommends the usage of bioavailability tools, such as biotic ligand models (BLM), for setting environmental quality standards (EQS) for metals. These models are mainly calibrated towards a water chemistry found in the south central parts of Europe. However, freshwater chemistry in Scandinavia often has higher levels of DOC (dissolved organic carbon), Fe and Al combined with low pH compared to the central parts of Europe. In this study, copper (Cu) toxicities derived by two different BLM software were compared to bioassay-derived toxicity for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia magna and D. pulex in four Swedish soft water lakes.ResultsA significant under- and over prediction between measured and BLM calculated toxicity was found; for P. subcapitata in three of the four lakes and for the daphnids in two of the four lakes. The bioassay toxicity showed the strongest relationship with Fe concentrations and DOC. Furthermore, DOC was the best predictor of BLM results, manifested as positive relationships with calculated LC50 and NOEC for P. subcapitata and D. magna, respectively.ConclusionResults from this study indicate that the two investigated BLM softwares have difficulties calculating Cu toxicity, foremost concerning the algae. The analyses made suggest that there are different chemical properties affecting the calculated toxicity as compared to the measured toxicity. We recommend that tests including Al, Fe and DOC properties as BLM input parameters should be conducted. This to observe if a better consensus between calculated and measured toxicity can be established.
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41.
  • Janzon, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term resource use patterns and healthcare costs after myocardial infarction in a clinical practice setting - results from a contemporary nationwide registry study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. - : European Society of Cardiology. - 2058-5225 .- 2058-1742. ; 2, s. 291-298
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims Long-term contemporary nationwide data on resource use and healthcare costs after myocardial infarction (MI) in a clinical practice setting are not widely studied, and the aim of this study was to investigate resource use patterns and healthcare costs in patients with MI in a nationwide clinical practice setting.Methods and results This retrospective cohort study included all patients identified in the compulsory Swedish nationwide patient register with a diagnosis of MI between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2011. Cardiovascular hospitalization and outpatient visits data from the patient register were combined with data from the cause of death register and the drug utilization register. For a subset of patients, data were also available from a primary care register. Healthcare resource use patterns and annual costs [reported in 2014 euros (€) converted from Swedish kronor (SEK) using the exchange rate €1 = SEK 9.33)] were estimated for the year prior to the occurrence of MI as well as for a maximum follow-up period of 6 years post-MI. The study included 97 252 patients with a diagnosis of MI with a total number of 285 351 observation years. The majority of healthcare consumption occurred within the first year of MI where patients were on average hospitalized 1.55 times, made 1.08 outpatient care visits, and 3.80 primary care visits. In the long term, for the majority of resource use categories, average consumption was higher in the years after MI compared with the year prior to MI. Healthcare costs at 6 years of follow-up were approximately €20 000 of which €12 460 occurred in the first year, and the major part was attributed to hospitalizations.Conclusion For patients with 6 years of follow-up after MI, healthcare costs were approximately €20 000. The major part of costs occurred in the first year after MI and was driven by hospitalizations
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42.
  • Jernberg, Tomas, et al. (författare)
  • Cardiovascular risk in post-myocardial infarction patients : nationwide real world data demonstrate the importance of a long-term perspective.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 36:19, s. 1163-1170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS: Long-term disease progression following myocardial infarction (MI) is not well understood. We examined the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events in patients discharged after MI in Sweden.METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective, cohort study linking morbidity, mortality, and medication data from Swedish national registries. Of 108 315 patients admitted to hospital with a primary MI between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2011 (index MI), 97 254 (89.8%) were alive 1 week after discharge and included in this study. The primary composite endpoint of risk for non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, or cardiovascular death was estimated for the first 365 days post-index MI and Day 366 to study completion. Risk and risk factors were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling, respectively. Composite endpoint risk was 18.3% during the first 365 days post-index MI. Age [60-69 vs. <60 years: HR (95% CI): 1.37 (1.30-1.45); 70-79 vs. <60 years: 2.13 (2.03-2.24); >80 vs. <60 years: 3.96 (3.78-4.15)], prior MI [1.44 (1.40-1.49)], stroke [1.49 (1.44-1.54)], diabetes [1.37 (1.34-1.40)], heart failure [1.57 (1.53-1.62)] and no index MI revascularisation [1.88 (1.83-1.93)] were each independently associated with a higher risk of ischaemic events or death. For patients without a combined endpoint event during the first 365 days, composite endpoint risk was 20.0% in the following 36 months.CONCLUSIONS: Risk of cardiovascular events appeared high beyond the first year post-MI, indicating a need for prolonged surveillance, particularly in patients with additional risk factors.
  •  
43.
  • Ji, Xuemei, et al. (författare)
  • Identification of susceptibility pathways for the role of chromosome 15q25.1 in modifying lung cancer risk
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 9, s. 1-15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified the chromosome 15q25.1 locus as a leading susceptibility region for lung cancer. However, the pathogenic pathways, through which susceptibility SNPs within chromosome 15q25.1 affects lung cancer risk, have not been explored. We analyzed three cohorts with GWAS data consisting 42,901 individuals and lung expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data on 409 individuals to identify and validate the underlying pathways and to investigate the combined effect of genes from the identified susceptibility pathways. The KEGG neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway, two Reactome pathways, and 22 Gene Ontology terms were identified and replicated to be significantly associated with lung cancer risk, with P values less than 0.05 and FDR less than 0.1. Functional annotation of eQTL analysis results showed that the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway and gated channel activity were involved in lung cancer risk. These pathways provide important insights for the etiology of lung cancer.
  •  
44.
  • Ji, Yingjie, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-wide and abdominal MRI data provide evidence that a genetically determined favorable adiposity phenotype is characterized by lower ectopic liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 68:1, s. 207-219
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recent genetic studies have identified alleles associated with opposite effects on adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to identify more of these variants and test the hypothesis that such favorable adiposity alleles are associated with higher subcutaneous fat and lower ectopic fat. We combined MRI data with genome-wide association studies of body fat percentage (%) and metabolic traits. We report 14 alleles, including 7 newly characterized alleles, associated with higher adiposity but a favorable metabolic profile. Consistent with previous studies, individuals carrying more favorable adiposity alleles had higher body fat % and higher BMI but lower risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. These individuals also had higher subcutaneous fat but lower liver fat and a lower visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. Individual alleles associated with higher body fat % but lower liver fat and lower risk of type 2 diabetes included those in PPARG, GRB14, and IRS1, whereas the allele in ANKRD55 was paradoxically associated with higher visceral fat but lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Most identified favorable adiposity alleles are associated with higher subcutaneous and lower liver fat, a mechanism consistent with the beneficial effects of storing excess triglycerides in metabolically low-risk depots.
  •  
45.
  • Johannsson, Gudmundur, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Adrenal insufficiency: review of clinical outcomes with current glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Clinical endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2265 .- 0300-0664. ; 82:1, s. 2-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Glucocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI), whether primary (Addison's disease) or secondary (due to hypopituitarism), has been established for some 50years. The current standard treatment regimen involves twice- or thrice-daily dosing with a glucocorticoid, most commonly oral hydrocortisone. Based on previous small-scale studies and clinical perception, life expectancy with conventional glucocorticoid replacement therapy has been considered normal, with a low incidence of adverse events. Data from the past 10-15years, however, have shown that morbidity remains high and life expectancy is reduced. The increased morbidity and decreased life expectancy appear to be due to both increased exposure to cortisol and insufficient cortisol coverage during infections and other stress-related events. This is thought to reflect a failure of treatment to replicate the natural circadian rhythm of cortisol release, together with a failure to identify and deliver individualized cortisol exposure and to manage patients adequately when increased doses are required. The resulting over- or under-treatment may result in Cushing-like symptoms or adrenal crisis, respectively. This review summarizes the morbidity and mortality seen in patients receiving the current standard of care for AI and suggests areas for improvement in glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
  •  
46.
  • Joshi, Peter K, et al. (författare)
  • Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 523:7561, s. 459-462
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
  •  
47.
  • Junaid, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • Structural, mechanical, and magnetic properties of GaFe3N thin films
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 34:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using the density-functional theory, the structural, mechanical, and magnetic properties were investigated for different GaFe3N configurations: ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, paramagnetic, and nonmagnetic. Ferrimagnetic and high-spin ferromagnetic states exhibit the lowest energy and are the competing ground states as the total energy difference is 0.3 meV/atom only. All theoretically predicted values could be fully confirmed by experiments. For this, the authors synthesized phase pure, homogeneous, and continuous GaFe3N films by combinatorial reactive direct current magnetron sputtering. Despite the low melting point of gallium, the authors succeeded in the growth of GaFe3N films at a temperature of 500 degrees C. Those thin films exhibit a lattice parameter of 3.794 angstrom and an elastic modulus of 226620 GPa. Magnetic susceptibility measurements evidence a magnetic phase transitions at 8.060.1 K. The nearly saturated magnetic moment at 65 T is about 1.6 mu B/Fe and is close to the theoretically determined magnetic moment for a ferrimagnetic ordering (1.72 lB/Fe).
  •  
48.
  • Kapferer-Seebacher, Ines, et al. (författare)
  • Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Is Caused by Mutations in C1R and C1S, which Encode Subcomponents C1r and C1s of Complement
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Cell Press. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 99:5, s. 1005-1014
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (pEDS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by early-onset periodontitis leading to premature loss of teeth, joint hypermobility, and mild skin findings. A locus was mapped to an approximately 5.8 Mb region at 12p13.1 but no candidate gene was identified. In an international consortium we recruited 19 independent families comprising 107 individuals with pEDS to identify the locus, characterize the clinical details in those with defined genetic causes, and try to understand the physiological basis of the condition. In 17 of these families, we identified heterozygous missense or in-frame insertion/deletion mutations in C1R (15 families) or C1S (2 families), contiguous genes in the mapped locus that encode subunits C1r and C1s of the first component of the classical complement pathway. These two proteins form a heterotetramer that then combines with six C1q subunits. Pathogenic variants involve the subunit interfaces or inter-domain hinges of C1r and C1s and are associated with intracellular retention and mild endoplasmic reticulum enlargement. Clinical features of affected individuals in these families include rapidly progressing periodontitis with onset in the teens or childhood, a previously unrecognized lack of attached gingiva, pretibial hyperpigmentation, skin and vascular fragility, easy bruising, and variable musculoskeletal symptoms. Our findings open a connection between the inflammatory classical complement pathway and connective tissue homeostasis.
  •  
49.
  • Kardell, Marcus (författare)
  • New Phenomena in the World of Peaked Solitons
  • 2016
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of this work is to present new contributions to the theory of peaked solitons. The thesis consists of two papers,which are named “Newsolutionswith peakon creation in the Camassa–HolmandNovikov equations” and “Peakon-antipeakon solutions of the Novikov equation” respectively.In Paper I, a new kind of peakon-like solution to the Novikov equation is discovered, by transforming the one-peakon solution via a Lie symmetry transformation. This new kind of solution is unbounded as x → +∞ and/or x → –∞, and has a peak, though only for some interval of time. Thus, the solutions exhibit creation and/or destruction of peaks. We make sure that the peakon-like function is still a solution in the weak sense for those times where the function is non-differentiable. We find that similar solutions, with peaks living only for some interval in time, are validweak solutions to the Camassa–Holm equation, though it appears that these can not be obtained via a symmetry transformation.In Paper II we investigate multipeakon solutions of the Novikov equation, in particular interactions between peakons with positive amplitude and antipeakons with negative amplitude. The solutions are given by explicit formulas, which makes it possible to analyze them in great detail. As in the Camassa–Holm case, the slope of the wave develops a singularity when a peakon collides with an antipeakon, while the wave itself remains continuous and can be continued past the collision to provide a global weak solution. However, the Novikov equation differs in several interesting ways from other peakon equations, especially regarding asymptotics for large times. For example, peakons and antipeakons both travel to the right, making it possible for several peakons and antipeakons to travel together with the same speed and collide infinitely many times. Such clusters may exhibit very intricate periodic or quasi-periodic interactions. It is also possible for peakons to have the same asymptotic velocity but separate at a logarithmic rate; this phenomenon is associated with coinciding eigenvalues in the spectral problem coming from the Lax pair, and requires nontrivial modifications to the previously known solution formulas which assume that all eigenvalues are simple.
  •  
50.
  • Kazior, Zuzanna, et al. (författare)
  • Endurance Exercise Enhances the Effect of Strength Training on Muscle Fiber Size and Protein Expression of Akt and mTOR.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reports concerning the effect of endurance exercise on the anabolic response to strength training have been contradictory. This study re-investigated this issue, focusing on training effects on indicators of protein synthesis and degradation. Two groups of male subjects performed 7 weeks of resistance exercise alone (R; n = 7) or in combination with preceding endurance exercise, including both continuous and interval cycling (ER; n = 9). Muscle biopsies were taken before and after the training period. Similar increases in leg-press 1 repetition maximum (30%; P<0.05) were observed in both groups, whereas maximal oxygen uptake was elevated (8%; P<0.05) only in the ER group. The ER training enlarged the areas of both type I and type II fibers, whereas the R protocol increased only the type II fibers. The mean fiber area increased by 28% (P<0.05) in the ER group, whereas no significant increase was observed in the R group. Moreover, expression of Akt and mTOR protein was enhanced in the ER group, whereas only the level of mTOR was elevated following R training. Training-induced alterations in the levels of both Akt and mTOR protein were correlated to changes in type I fiber area (r = 0.55-0.61, P<0.05), as well as mean fiber area (r = 0.55-0.61, P<0.05), reflecting the important role played by these proteins in connection with muscle hypertrophy. Both training regimes reduced the level of MAFbx protein (P<0.05) and tended to elevate that of MuRF-1. The present findings indicate that the larger hypertrophy observed in the ER group is due more to pronounced stimulation of anabolic rather than inhibition of catabolic processes.
  •  
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