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1.	Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy 2012 Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
2.	Bjerrum, Lars, et al. (författare) Health Alliance for prudent antibiotic prescribing in patients with respiratory tract infections (HAPPY AUDIT) -impact of a non-randomised multifaceted intervention programme 2011 Ingår i: BMC Family Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2296. ; 12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Excessive use of antibiotics is worldwide the most important reason for development of antimicrobial resistance. As antibiotic resistance may spread across borders, high prevalence countries may serve as a source of bacterial resistance for countries with a low prevalence. Therefore, bacterial resistance is an important issue with a potential serious impact on all countries. Initiatives have been taken to improve the quality of antibiotic prescribing in primary care, but only few studies have been designed to determine the effectiveness of multifaceted strategies across countries with different practice setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention targeting general practitioners (GPs) and patients in six countries with different health organization and different prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Methods: GPs from two Nordic countries, two Baltic Countries and two Hispano-American countries registered patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in 2008 and 2009. After first registration they received individual prescriber feedback and they were offered an intervention programme that included training courses, clinical guidelines, posters for waiting rooms, patient brochures and access to point of care tests (Strep A and C-Reactive Protein). Antibiotic prescribing rates were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 440 GPs registered 47011 consultations; 24436 before the intervention (2008) and 22575 after the intervention (2009). After the intervention, the GPs significantly reduced the percentage of consultations resulting in an antibiotic prescription. In patients with lower RTI the GPs in Lithuania reduced the prescribing rate by 42%, in Russia by 25%, in Spain by 25%, and in Argentina by 9%. In patients with upper RTIs, the corresponding reductions in the antibiotic prescribing rates were in Lithania 20%, in Russia 15%, in Spain 9%, and in Argentina 5%. Conclusion: A multifaceted intervention programme targeting GPs and patients and focusing on improving diagnostic procedures in patients with RTIs may lead to a marked reduction in antibiotic prescribing. The pragmatic before-after design used may suffer from some limitations and the reduction in antibiotic prescribing could be influenced by factors not related to the intervention.
3.	Bjerrum, Lars, et al. (författare) Health Alliance for Prudent Prescribing, Yield and Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections (HAPPY AUDIT) 2010 Ingår i: BMC Family Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2296. ; 11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics is considered to be the most important reason for development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. As antibiotic resistance may spread across borders, high prevalence countries may serve as a source of bacterial resistance for countries with a low prevalence. Therefore, bacterial resistance is an important issue with a potential serious impact on all countries. The majority of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are treated in general practice. Most infections are caused by virus and antibiotics are therefore unlikely to have any clinical benefit. Several intervention initiatives have been taken to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics in primary health care, but the effectiveness of these interventions is only modest. Only few studies have been designed to determine the effectiveness of multifaceted strategies in countries with different practice setting. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention targeting general practitioners (GPs) and patients in six countries with different prevalence of antibiotic resistance: Two Nordic countries (Denmark and Sweden), two Baltic Countries (Lithuania and Kaliningrad-Russia) and two Hispano-American countries (Spain and Argentina). Methods/Design: HAPPY AUDIT was initiated in 2008 and the project is still ongoing. The project includes 15 partners from 9 countries. GPs participating in HAPPY AUDIT will be audited by the Audit Project Odense (APO) method. The APO method will be used at a multinational level involving GPs from six countries with different cultural background and different organisation of primary health care. Research on the effect of the intervention will be performed by analysing audit registrations carried out before and after the intervention. The intervention includes training courses on management of RTIs, dissemination of clinical guidelines with recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, posters for the waiting room, brochures to patients and implementation of point of care tests (Strep A and CRP) to be used in the GPs'surgeries. To ensure public awareness of the risk of resistant bacteria, media campaigns targeting both professionals and the public will be developed and the results will be published and widely disseminated at a Working Conference hosted by the World Association of Family Doctors (WONCA-Europe) at the end of the project period. Discussion: HAPPY AUDIT is an EU-financed project with the aim of contributing to the battle against antibiotic resistance through quality improvement of GPs' diagnosis and treatment of RTIs through development of intervention programmes targeting GPs, parents of young children and healthy adults. It is hypothesized that the use of multifaceted strategies combining active intervention by GPs will be effective in reducing prescribing of unnecessary antibiotics for RTIs and improving the use of appropriate antibiotics in suspected bacterial infections.
4.	Carlsson, Per-Inge, 1959-, et al. (författare) GJB2 (Connexin 26) gene mutations among hearing-impaired persons in a Swedish cohort 2012 Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - London, United Kingdom : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 132:12, s. 1301-1305 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Conclusion: The most common mutation in the Swedish population was Connexin 26 (C×26) 35delG, which indicates that the percentage of Swedish persons with C×26 mutations and polymorphisms in the GJB2 gene among non-syndromic hearing-impaired (HI) persons is comparable to the rest of Europe. The results strongly support a Swedish policy to offer all children with diagnosed hearing impairment genetic tests for the C×26 35delG mutation.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to search for mutations in the GBJ2 gene among Swedish persons with non-syndromic hearing impairment to further clarify how common these mutations are in Sweden, one of the northernmost countries in Europe.Methods: Seventy-nine patients with non-syndromic hearing impairment participated in the study. For 87% of the participants, a pure tone audiogram showed a severe or profound hearing impairment. Dried blood spots on filter paper, taken at 3-5 days of age in the Swedish nationwide neonatal screening programme for congenital disorders and saved in a biobank, were used for the molecular genetic analyses.Results: The total number of subjects with one or two pathologic mutations or a mutation of unknown consequence found in the GJB2 gene was 28 of 79 (35%). Nineteen (19) persons (24%) were homozygotes for the 35delG mutation.
5.	Devan, William J., et al. (författare) Heritability Estimates Identify a Substantial Genetic Contribution to Risk and Outcome of Intracerebral Hemorrhage 2013 Ingår i: Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. - 1524-4628. ; 44:6, s. 1578-1583 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and Purpose-Previous studies suggest that genetic variation plays a substantial role in occurrence and evolution of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Genetic contribution to disease can be determined by calculating heritability using family-based data, but such an approach is impractical for ICH because of lack of large pedigree-based studies. However, a novel analytic tool based on genome-wide data allows heritability estimation from unrelated subjects. We sought to apply this method to provide heritability estimates for ICH risk, severity, and outcome. Methods-We analyzed genome-wide genotype data for 791 ICH cases and 876 controls, and determined heritability as the proportion of variation in phenotype attributable to captured genetic variants. Contribution to heritability was separately estimated for the APOE (encoding apolipoprotein E) gene, an established genetic risk factor, and for the rest of the genome. Analyzed phenotypes included ICH risk, admission hematoma volume, and 90-day mortality. Results-ICH risk heritability was estimated at 29% (SE, 11%) for non-APOE loci and at 15% (SE, 10%) for APOE. Heritability for 90-day ICH mortality was 41% for non-APOE loci and 10% (SE, 9%) for APOE. Genetic influence on hematoma volume was also substantial: admission volume heritability was estimated at 60% (SE, 70%) for non-APOE loci and at 12% (SE, 4%) for APOE. Conclusions-Genetic variation plays a substantial role in ICH risk, outcome, and hematoma volume. Previously reported risk variants account for only a portion of inherited genetic influence on ICH pathophysiology, pointing to additional loci yet to be identified.
6.	Fedirko, Veronika, et al. (författare) Alcohol drinking and endometrial cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study 2013 Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 23:2, s. 93-98 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Alcohol intake may adversely affect the concentrations of endogenous sex hormones, and thus increase the risk of endometrial cancer. However, epidemiologic studies have provided conflicting results. Therefore, we investigated the association between alcohol intake and endometrial cancer risk a large, multicenter, prospective study. Methods: From 1992 through 2010, 301,051 women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort were followed for incident endometrial cancer (n = 1382). Baseline alcohol consumption was assessed by country-specific, validated dietary questionnaires. Information on past alcohol consumption was collected by lifestyle questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. Results: The multivariable HRs (and 95% CIs) compared with light drinkers (0.1-6 g/d) were 1.03(0.88-1.20) for 0 g of alcohol per day at baseline, 1.01 (0.86-1.17) for 6.1-12 g/d, 1.03 (0.87-1.22) for 12.1-24 g/d, 1.07(0.87-1.38) for 241-36 g/d, and 0.85(0.61-1.18) for more than 36 g/d (p(trend) = 0.77). No association was observed among former drinkers (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.98-1.68 compared with light drinkers). Null associations were also found between alcohol consumption at age 20 years, lifetime pattern of alcohol drinking, and baseline alcohol intake from specific alcoholic beverages and endometrial cancer risk. Conclusions: Our findings suggest no association between alcohol intake and endometrial cancer risk.
7.	Knudsen, Susanne V, et al. (författare) Internasjonalforskning på læremidler – en kunnskapsstatus 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
8.	Merritt, Melissa A., et al. (författare) Dietary fat intake and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition 2014 Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 38:5, s. 528-537 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There are inconsistent and limited data available to assess the relationship between fat intake and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We examined the consumption of total fat, fat sources and fat subtypes in relation to risk of EOC and its major histologic subtypes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition which includes incident invasive (n = 1095) and borderline (n = 96) EOC. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In multivariate models, we observed no association with consumption of total fat, animal or plant fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, monounsaturated fat, or fatty fish and risk of invasive EOC. There was, however, an increased risk of invasive EOC in the highest category of intake (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1) of polyunsaturated fat (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02-1.48, P-trend = 0.02). We did not observe heterogeneity in the risk associations in comparisons of serous and endometrioid histologic subtypes. This study does not support an etiological role for total fat intake in relation to EOC risk; however, based on observations of a positive association between intake of polyunsaturated fat and invasive EOC risk in the current and previous studies, this fat subtype warrants further investigation to determine its potential role in EOC development.
9.	Tveit, Kjell Magne, et al. (författare) Phase III Trial of Cetuximab With Continuous or Intermittent Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX) Versus FLOX Alone in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer : The NORDIC-VII Study 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : American Society of Clinical Oncology: JCO. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 30:15, s. 1755-1762 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: The NORDIC-VII multicenter phase III trial investigated the efficacy of cetuximab when added to bolus fluorouracil/folinic acid and oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX), administered continuously or intermittently, in previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The influence of KRAS mutation status on treatment outcome was also investigated. Patients and Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard Nordic FLOX (arm A), cetuximab and FLOX (arm B), or cetuximab combined with intermittent FLOX (arm C). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Overall survival (OS), response rate, R0 resection rate, and safety were secondary end points. Results: Of the 571 patients randomly assigned, 566 were evaluable in intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses. KRAS and BRAF mutation analyses were obtained in 498 (88%) and 457 patients (81%), respectively. KRAS mutations were present in 39% of the tumors; 12% of tumors had BRAF mutations. The presence of BRAF mutations was a strong negative prognostic factor. In the ITT population, median PFS was 7.9, 8.3, and 7.3 months for the three arms, respectively (not significantly different). OS was almost identical for the three groups (20.4, 19.7, 20.3 months, respectively), and confirmed response rates were 41%, 49%, and 47%, respectively. In patients with KRAS wild-type tumors, cetuximab did not provide any additional benefit compared with FLOX alone. In patients with KRAS mutations, no significant difference was detected, although a trend toward improved PFS was observed in arm B. The regimens were well tolerated. Conclusion: Cetuximab did not add significant benefit to the Nordic FLOX regimen in first-line treatment of mCRC.
10.	Woo, Daniel, et al. (författare) Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies 1q22 as a Susceptibility Locus for Intracerebral Hemorrhage. 2014 Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 94:4, s. 511-521 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the stroke subtype with the worst prognosis and has no established acute treatment. ICH is classified as lobar or nonlobar based on the location of ruptured blood vessels within the brain. These different locations also signal different underlying vascular pathologies. Heritability estimates indicate a substantial genetic contribution to risk of ICH in both locations. We report a genome-wide association study of this condition that meta-analyzed data from six studies that enrolled individuals of European ancestry. Case subjects were ascertained by neurologists blinded to genotype data and classified as lobar or nonlobar based on brain computed tomography. ICH-free control subjects were sampled from ambulatory clinics or random digit dialing. Replication of signals identified in the discovery cohort with p < 1 × 10(-6) was pursued in an independent multiethnic sample utilizing both direct and genome-wide genotyping. The discovery phase included a case cohort of 1,545 individuals (664 lobar and 881 nonlobar cases) and a control cohort of 1,481 individuals and identified two susceptibility loci: for lobar ICH, chromosomal region 12q21.1 (rs11179580, odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, p = 7.0 × 10(-8)); and for nonlobar ICH, chromosomal region 1q22 (rs2984613, OR = 1.44, p = 1.6 × 10(-8)). The replication included a case cohort of 1,681 individuals (484 lobar and 1,194 nonlobar cases) and a control cohort of 2,261 individuals and corroborated the association for 1q22 (p = 6.5 × 10(-4); meta-analysis p = 2.2 × 10(-10)) but not for 12q21.1 (p = 0.55; meta-analysis p = 2.6 × 10(-5)). These results demonstrate biological heterogeneity across ICH subtypes and highlight the importance of ascertaining ICH cases accordingly.
11.	Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare) Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV 2013 Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
12.	Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare) Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV 2012 Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
13.	Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare) Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC 2012 Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
14.	Adare, A., et al. (författare) Direct photon production in d+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV 2013 Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 87:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Direct photons have been measured in root s(NN) = 200 GeV d + Au collisions at midrapidity. A wide p(T) range is covered by measurements of nearly real virtual photons (1 < p(T) < 6 GeV/c) and real photons (5 < p(T) < 16 GeV/c). The invariant yield of the direct photons in d + Au collisions over the scaled p + p cross section is consistent with unity. Theoretical calculations assuming standard cold-nuclear-matter effects describe the data well for the entire p(T) range. This indicates that the large enhancement of direct photons observed in Au + Au collisions for 1.0 < p(T) < 2.5 GeV/c is attributable to a source other than the initial-state nuclear effects.
15.	Adler, S. S., et al. (författare) Transverse-energy distributions at midrapidity in p plus p, d plus Au, and Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=62.4-200 GeV and implications for particle-production models 2014 Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 89:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Measurements of the midrapidity transverse-energy distribution, dE(T)/d eta, are presented for p + p, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions atv root s(NN) = 200 GeV and additionally for Au+Au collisions atv root s(NN) = 62.4 and 130 GeV. The dE(T)/d eta distributions are first compared with the number of nucleon participants N-part, number of binary collisions N-coll, and number of constituent-quark participants N-qp calculated from a Glauber model based on the nuclear geometry. For Au+Au, < dE(T)/d eta >/N-part increases with N-part, while < dE(T)/d eta >/N-qp is approximately constant for all three energies. This indicates that the two-component ansatz, dE(T)/d eta alpha (1 - x)N-part/2 + xN(coll), which was used to represent E-T distributions, is simply a proxy for N-qp, and that the N-coll term does not represent a hard-scattering component in E-T distributions. The dE(T)/d eta distributions of Au+Au and d+Au are then calculated from the measured p + p E-T distribution using two models that both reproduce the Au+Au data. However, while the number-of-constituent-quark-participant model agrees well with the d+Au data, the additive-quark model does not.
16.	Almerud, Eva-Kersti (författare) Ota Pavels sagovärld : Biografiska, narratologiska och språkliga perspektiv på Ota Pavels författarskap 2014 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract AbstractThe present dissertation analyzes the role of the fairy tale in the literary works of the Czech author Ota Pavel. Ota Pavel (1930–1973) started as a sports reporter and later became a popular and esteemed writer of fiction, mainly short stories. His works have been translated to many languages, among them Swedish.The study consists of a biographical reading of Ota Pavel’s texts and a discussion of the function of the fairy tale in his stories. My analysis of his literary development and use of various prose elements is based on narratological theories of the fairy tale – Karel Čapek’s motifs and fairytale characters, Gérard Genette’s paratexts and Vladimir Propp’s functions and dramatis personae – and includes remarks on the function of diminutives, etc. Ota Pavel is also viewed in the context of the literary landscape of his time – the 1960s and 1970s – and the reception of his work is discussed.Pavel’s stories contain a number of characteristic features which together form his unique style: direct allusions and references to fairy tales--for example, fairies and witches – and the linguistic markers and distinctive use of the narrator’s voice.One of the most common characters in Ota Pavel’s work is the hero, who, often with the assistance of magical objects or supernatural helpers, defeats supernatural antagonists or solves impossible tasks. Developing and growing as he – the hero is usually male–strives toward his goal, Pavel’s protagonist struggles not with dragons and giants, but with himself and his own difficulties and misfortunes.Earlier research refers to Ota Pavel’s two “genres”: sports prose and retrospective, or “memory” prose. This study shows that the boundary between the two is fluid, and that all Pavel’s work might be called memory prose. The title of this thesis – Ota Pavels sagovärld (The Fairytale World of Ota Pavel) – indicates the perspective from which the subject is approached. On the one hand, it alludes to the influence of the fairy tale on Pavel’s work, while on the other it points to the fact that his own life was such that he sometimes needed to retreat into a fantasy world of his own.Keywords: Tjeckisk litteratur, saga, Ota Pavel, narratologi, Tjeckoslovakien
17.	Anniballi, F., et al. (författare) Management of animal botulism outbreaks : From clinical suspicion to practical countermeasures to prevent or minimize outbreaks 2013 Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S191-S199 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease that affects humans, all warm-blooded animals, and some fishes. The disease is caused by exposure to toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. Botulism in animals represents a severe environmental and economic concern because of its high mortality rate. Moreover, meat or other products from affected animals entering the food chain may result in a public health problem. To this end, early diagnosis is crucial to define and apply appropriate veterinary public health measures. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings eliminating other causes of neuromuscular disorders and on the absence of internal lesions observed during postmortem examination. Since clinical signs alone are often insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required. Botulinum antitoxin administration and supportive therapies are used to treat sick animals. Once the diagnosis has been made, euthanasia is frequently advisable. Vaccine administration is subject to health authorities' permission, and it is restricted to a small number of animal species. Several measures can be adopted to prevent or minimize outbreaks. In this article we outline all phases of management of animal botulism outbreaks occurring in wet wild birds, poultry, cattle, horses, and fur farm animals. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
18.	Biffi, Alessandro, et al. (författare) Variants at APOE Influence Risk of Deep and Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage 2010 Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 68:6, s. 934-943 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: Prior studies investigating the association between APOE alleles epsilon 2/epsilon 4 and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have been inconsistent and limited to small sample sizes, and did not account for confounding by population stratification or determine which genetic risk model was best applied. Methods: We performed a large-scale genetic association study of 2189 ICH cases and 4041 controls from 7 cohorts, which were analyzed using additive models for epsilon 2 and epsilon 4. Results were subsequently meta-analyzed using a random effects model. A proportion of the individuals (322 cases, 357 controls) had available genome-wide data to adjust for population stratification. Results: Alleles epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 were associated with lobar ICH at genome-wide significance levels (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50-2.23, p = 6.6 x 10(-10); and OR = 2.20, 95%CI = 1.85-2.63, p = 2.4 x 10(-11), respectively). Restriction of analysis to definite/probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy ICH uncovered a stronger effect. Allele epsilon 4 was also associated with increased risk for deep ICH (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08-1.36, p = 2.6 x 10(-4)). Risk prediction evaluation identified the additive model as best for describing the effect of APOE genotypes. Interpretation: APOE epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 are independent risk factors for lobar ICH, consistent with their known associations with amyloid biology. In addition, we present preliminary findings on a novel association between APOE epsilon 4 and deep ICH. Finally, we demonstrate that an additive model for these APOE variants is superior to other forms of genetic risk modeling previously applied. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:934-943
19.	Bonde, Jens Peter, et al. (författare) Work at night and breast cancer - report on evidence-based options for preventive actions 2012 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 38:4, s. 380-390 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified shift work involving circadian disruption as probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A), primarily based on experimental and epidemiologic evidence for breast cancer. In order to examine options for evidence-based preventive actions, 16 researchers in basic, epidemiological and applied sciences convened at a workshop in Copenhagen 26-27 October 2011. This paper summarizes the evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies and presents possible recommendations for prevention of the effects of night work on breast cancer. Among those studies that quantified duration of shift work, there were statistically significant elevations in risk only after about 20 years working night shift. It is unclear from these studies whether or not there is a modest but real elevated risk for shorter durations. Hence, restriction of the total number of years working night shift could be one future preventive recommendation for shift workers. The diurnal secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland with peak in secretory activity during the night is a good biochemical marker of the circadian rhythm. Disruption of the diurnal melatonin secretion pattern can be diminished by restricting the number of consecutive night shifts. Reddish light and reduced light intensity during work at night could potentially help diminish the inhibitory activity of light with strong intensity on the melatonin secretion, but further mechanistic insight is needed before definite recommendations can be made. Earlier or more intensive mammography screening among female night shift worker is not recommended because the harm benefit ratio in this age group may not be beneficial. Preventive effects of melatonin supplementation on breast cancer risk have not been clearly documented, but may be a promising avenue if a lack of side effects can be shown even after long-term ingestion. Women with previous or current breast cancer should be advised not to work night shifts because of strong experimental evidence demonstrating accelerated tumor growth by suppression of melatonin secretion. Work during the night is widespread worldwide. To provide additional evidence-based recommendations on prevention of diseases related to night shift work, large studies on the impact of various shift schedules and type of light on circadian rhythms need to be conducted in real work environments.
20.	Bondebjerg, Ib, et al. (författare) A Small Region in a Global World. Patterns in Scandinavian Film and TV Culture 2010 Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In this report we have analysed the Scandinavian film and television culture focusing on films released between 2002-2006, using data drawn from both cinemas in Scandinavia and in the rest of Europe, as well as films shown on television in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The study involves a comparative look at the support mechanisms and the production sector as well as the distribution sector, especially co-productions, but the main focus is on film genres and TV drama, audiences and the Scandinavian and European distribution of films. One of the main conclusions of the report is that whereas there continues to exist a successful Scandinavian tradition of co-production and co-distribution between the Nordic public service TV stations, with loyal audiences watching TV dramas from their neighbouring Scandinavian countries, this is not the case when it comes to film. Even though a Scandinavian film culture does exist and consists of a rather unique transnational framework for cooperation – at least seen from a European perspective, where no such regional cooperation exists – the result with regards to the exchange of films and film audiences is disappointing. The report shows that if one adds the total cinema admissions for films from Denmark, Norway and Sweden between 2002-2006 and divide them into the three categories National (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish films on their own national market), Scandinavian (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish films on the other Scandinavian markets) and EU (the three countries’ admissions in the rest of EU36) the figures are as follows: 71%, 5% and 24% (fig. 22). The conclusion is thus that on average the non-national Scandinavian market is of least importance, the EU market is almost five times bigger, whereas the national market is the most important.
21.	Braem, Marieke G. M., et al. (författare) Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer : a prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis 2012 Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethesda : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 95:5, s. 1172-1181 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: In 2007 the World Cancer Research Fund Report concluded that there was limited and inconsistent evidence for an effect of coffee and tea consumption on the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Objective: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we aimed to investigate whether coffee intakes, tea intakes, or both are associated with the risk of EOC. Design: All women participating in the EPIC (n = 330,849) were included in this study. Data on coffee and tea consumption were collected through validated food-frequency questionnaires at baseline. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, we performed an updated meta-analysis of all previous prospective studies until April 2011 by comparing the highest and lowest coffee- and tea-consumption categories as well as by using dose-response random-effects meta-regression analyses. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.7 y, 1244 women developed EOC. No association was observed between the risk of EOC and coffee consumption [HR: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.46) for the top quintile compared with no intake] or tea consumption [HR: 1.07 (95% Cl: 0.78, 1.45) for the top quintile compared with no intake]. This lack of association between coffee and tea intake and EOC risk was confirmed by the results of our meta-analysis. Conclusion: Epidemiologic studies do not provide sufficient evidence to support an association between coffee and tea consumption and risk of ovarian cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1172-81.
22.	Braem, Marieke G. M., et al. (författare) Multiple Miscarriages Are Associated with the Risk of Ovarian Cancer: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition 2012 Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract While the risk of ovarian cancer clearly reduces with each full-term pregnancy, the effect of incomplete pregnancies is unclear. We investigated whether incomplete pregnancies (miscarriages and induced abortions) are associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. This observational study was carried out in female participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). A total of 274,442 women were followed from 1992 until 2010. The baseline questionnaire elicited information on miscarriages and induced abortions, reproductive history, and lifestyle-related factors. During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 1,035 women were diagnosed with incident epithelial ovarian cancer. Despite the lack of an overall association (ever vs. never), risk of ovarian cancer was higher among women with multiple incomplete pregnancies (HR >= 4vs.0: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.20-2.70; number of cases in this category: n = 23). This association was particularly evident for multiple miscarriages (HR >= 4vs.0: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.06-3.73; number of cases in this category: n = 10), with no significant association for multiple induced abortions (HR >= 4vs.0: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.68-3.14; number of cases in this category: n = 7). Our findings suggest that multiple miscarriages are associated with an increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, possibly through a shared cluster of etiological factors or a common underlying pathology. These findings should be interpreted with caution as this is the first study to show this association and given the small number of cases in the highest exposure categories.
23.	Büchner, Frederike L, et al. (författare) Variety in fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of lung cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition 2010 Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 19:9, s. 2278-2286 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: We investigated whether a varied consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with lower lung cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. METHODS: After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,613 of 452,187 participants with complete information were diagnosed with lung cancer. Diet diversity scores (DDS) were used to quantify the variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. Multivariable proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between DDS and lung cancer risk. All models were adjusted for smoking behavior and the total consumption of fruit and vegetables. RESULTS: With increasing variety in vegetable subgroups, risk of lung cancer decreases [hazard ratios (HR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.94 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.02]. This inverse association is restricted to current smokers (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.03). In continuous analyses, in current smokers, lower risks were observed for squamous cell carcinomas with more variety in fruit and vegetable products combined (HR/two products, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95), vegetable subgroups (HR/subgroup, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97), vegetable products (HR/two products, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.96), and fruit products (HR/two products, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97). CONCLUSION: Variety in vegetable consumption was inversely associated with lung cancer risk among current smokers. Risk of squamous cell carcinomas was reduced with increasing variety in fruit and/or vegetable consumption, which was mainly driven by the effect in current smokers. IMPACT: Independent from quantity of consumption, variety in fruit and vegetable consumption may decrease lung cancer risk.
24.	de Jong, Roelof S., et al. (författare) 4MOST-4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope 2014 Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].
25.	Dominguez, Mev, et al. (författare) Functional implications of the p.Cys680Arg mutation in the MLH1 mismatch repair protein. 2014 Ingår i: Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2324-9269. ; 2:4, s. 352-355 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In clinical genetic diagnostics, it is difficult to predict whether genetic mutations that do not greatly alter the primary sequence of the encoded protein causing unknown functional effects on cognate proteins lead to development of disease. Here, we report the clinical identification of c.2038 T>C missense mutation in exon 18 of the human MLH1 gene and biochemically characterization of the p.Cys680Arg mutant MLH1 protein to implicate it in the pathogenicity of the Lynch syndrome (LS). We show that the mutation is deficient in DNA mismatch repair and, therefore, contributing to LS in the carriers.
26.	Dossus, Laure, et al. (författare) Hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles and endometrial cancer risk within the EPIC cohort--a factor analysis. 2013 Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 177:8, s. 787-799 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A "Western" lifestyle characterized by physical inactivity and excess weight is associated with a number of metabolic and hormonal dysregulations, including increased circulating estrogen levels, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and chronic inflammation. The same hormonal and metabolic axes might mediate the association between this lifestyle and the development of endometrial cancer. Using data collected within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a prospective cohort study carried out in 10 European countries during 1992-2000, we conducted a factor analysis to delineate important components that summarize the variation explained by a set of biomarkers and to examine their association with endometrial cancer risk. Prediagnostic levels of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin, estrone, estradiol, C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 1 and 2, adiponectin, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were measured in 233 incident endometrial cancer cases and 446 matched controls. Factor analysis identified 3 components associated with postmenopausal endometrial cancer risk that could be labeled "insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome," "steroids," and "inflammation" factors. A fourth component, "lipids," was not significantly associated with endometrial cancer. In conclusion, besides the well-known associations of risk with sex hormones and insulin-regulated physiological axes, our data further support the hypothesis that inflammation factors play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis.
27.	Edman-Stålbrandt, Eva, 1958- (författare) Simulerade skoldilemman : redkap för utveckling av reflektionsfömåga? 2013 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Syftet med avhandlingen är att studera lärarstuderandes samtal om simulerad skolverksamhet för att söka förstå möjligheter och begränsningar med simulerade dilemman som medierande redskap för reflektion över lärares arbete. Undersökningen är genomförd under seminarier i svensk och finländsk lärarutbildning. Forskningsprocessen består av tre faser; en konstruktionsfas, en prövningsfas och en undersökningsfas. Under konstruktionsfasen producerades simuleringar på basen av en narrativ analys av semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyutbildade lärare. Simuleringarna testades med lärare och lärarstuderande i prövningsfasen. I undersökningsfasen utarbetades reflektionsfrågor och studiens empiriska data samlades in genom videoobservation. Totalt femton samtal filmades vid fem seminarier och tre olika lärosäten, två i Sverige och ett i Svenskfinland. De studerande som förekommer i datamaterialet befann sig i början, mitten och i slutet av sin lärarutbildning. Analysen bygger på Schöns olika reflektionsbegrepp och ett sociokulturellt perspektiv som bygger på den ryska kulturhistoriska skolan. Resultaten visar att de studerande engagerade sig starkt i samtalen i de flesta fall och att engagemanget var relaterat till deras uppfattningar om simuleringens autenticitet. Simuleringarna och reflektionsfrågorna användes både som sekundära och tertiära artefakter. Bland simuleringarnas modaliteter framstod ljudet som den viktigaste för nyanser av förståelse och engagemang och reflektionsfrågorna fungerade som kommunikativt stöd och strukturell scaffolding. När de studerande använde simuleringen för dekontextualisering i en öppen dialog förekom en tertiär dialog, i vilken förhandling av ny mening ägde rum. Kreativ reflektion – att se dilemmat ur olika perspektiv och reciprok reflektion – öppen utmanande dialog förekom flitigt i vilka en didaktisk- analytisk praktikgemenskap skapades. Slutsatserna är att simulerade skoldilemman kan utgöra en potential för lärarstuderandes utveckling av reflektionsförmåga när de används i mindre samtalsgrupper och den didaktiska inramningen relateras till aktuellt kursinnehåll. Om simuleringens innehåll inte upplevs som autentiskt finns dock risk för att förutfattade meningar om lärares arbete förstärks om de inte utmanas av medstuderande eller lärarutbildare.
28.	Efsen, Eva, et al. (författare) Ramiprilate Inhibits Functional Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Crohns Disease Fistulas 2011 Ingår i: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL, COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA. - 1742-7835 .- 1742-7843. ; 109:3, s. 208-216 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -3 and -9 has been demonstrated in Crohns disease fistulas, but it is unknown whether these enzymes are biologically active and represent a therapeutic target. Therefore, we investigated the proteolytic activity of MMPs in fistula tissue and examined the effect of inhibitors, including clinically available drugs that beside their main action also suppress MMPs. Fistula specimens were obtained by surgical excision from 22 patients with Crohns disease and from 10 patients with fistulas resulting from other causes. Colonic endoscopic biopsies from six controls were also included. Total functional MMP activity was measured by a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based, fluorogenic MMP-substrate cleavage assay, and the specific activity of MMP-2, -3 and -9 by the MMP Biotrak Activity Assay. The MMP inhibitors comprised ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), the synthetic broad-spectrum inhibitor, GM6001, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, ramiprilate, and the tetracycline, doxycycline. In Crohns disease fistulas, about 50% of the total protease activity was attributable to MMP activity. The average total MMP activity was significantly higher (about 3.5-times) in Crohns fistulas (471 FU/mu g protein, range 49-2661) compared with non-Crohns fistulas [134 FU/mu g protein, range 0-495, (p andlt; 0.05)] and normal colon [153 FU/mu g protein, range 77-243, (p andlt; 0.01)]. MMP-3 activity was increased in Crohns fistulas (1.4 ng/ml, range 0-9.83) compared with non-Crohns fistulas, [0.32 ng/ml, range 0-2.66, (p andlt; 0.02)]. The same applied to MMP-9 activity [0.64 ng/ml, range 0-5.66 and 0.17 ng/ml, range 0-1.1, respectively (p andlt; 0.04)]. Ramiprilate significantly decreased the average total MMP activity level by 42% and suppressed the specific MMP-3 activity by 72%, which is comparable to the effect of GM6001 (87%). Moreover, MMP-9 activity was completely blunted by ramiprilate. Doxycycline had no effect on MMP activity. Increased functional MMP activity, notably MMP-3 and -9, is present in Crohns fistulas and may be inhibited by ramiprilate, a widely available ACE inhibitor.
29.	Falcone, Guido J., et al. (författare) Burden of Risk Alleles for Hypertension Increases Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage 2012 Ingår i: Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. - 1524-4628. ; 43:11, s. 2877-2883 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and Purpose-Genetic variation influences risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Hypertension (HTN) is a potent risk factor for ICH and several common genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) associated with blood pressure levels have been identified. We sought to determine whether the cumulative burden of blood pressure-related SNPs is associated with risk of ICH and pre-ICH diagnosis of HTN. Methods-We conducted a prospective multicenter case-control study in 2272 subjects of European ancestry (1025 cases and 1247 control subjects). Thirty-nine SNPs reported to be associated with blood pressure levels were identified from the National Human Genome Research Institute genomewide association study catalog. Single-SNP association analyses were performed for the outcomes ICH and pre-ICH HTN. Subsequently, weighted and unweighted genetic risk scores were constructed using these SNPs and entered as the independent variable in logistic regression models with ICH and pre-ICH HTN as the dependent variables. Results-No single SNP was associated with either ICH or pre-ICH HTN. The blood pressure-based unweighted genetic risk score was associated with risk of ICH (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21; P=0.01) and the subset of ICH in deep regions (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.30; P=0.001), but not with the subset of lobar ICH. The score was associated with a history of HTN among control subjects (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.31; P=0.009) and ICH cases (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31; P=0.04). Similar results were obtained when using a weighted score. Conclusion-Increasing numbers of high blood pressure-related alleles are associated with increased risk of deep ICH as well as with clinically identified HTN. (Stroke. 2012; 43: 2877-2883.)
30.	Ferrari, Pietro, et al. (författare) Dietary fiber intake and risk of hormonal receptor-defined breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study 2013 Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 97:2, s. 344-353 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Limited scientific evidence has characterized the association between dietary fiber intake and risk of breast cancer (BC) by menopausal status and hormone receptor expression in tumors. ' Objective: We investigated the relation between total dietary fiber and its main food sources (vegetables, fruit, cereals, and legumes) and BC risk by using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design: A total of 11,576 invasive BC cases in 334,849 EPIC women mostly aged 35-70 y at baseline were identified over a median follow-up of 11.5 y. Dietary fiber was estimated from country-specific dietary questionnaires. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to quantify the association between dietary variables and BC risk with energy adjustment by using the residual method. Subgroup analyses were performed by menopausal status and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in tumors. Results: BC risk was inversely associated with intakes of total dietary fiber [hazard ratio comparing fifth quintile to first quintile (HRQ5-Q1): 0.95; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.01; P-trend = 0.03] and fiber from vegetables (0.90; 0.84, 0.96; P-trend < 0.01) but not with fiber from fruit, cereals, or legumes. Overall, associations were homogeneous by menopausal status and ER and PR expression in tumors. For vegetable fiber, stronger associations were observed for estrogen receptor-negative and progesterone receptor-negative (HRQ5-Q1: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.93; P-trend = 0.01) than for estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive tumors (0.92: 0.81, 1.03; P-trend = 0.05), with P-heterogeneity = 0.09. Conclusion: Diets rich in dietary fiber and, particularly, fiber from vegetables may be associated with a small reduction in risk of BC, independently of menopausal status.
31.	Fröstad, T., et al. (författare) Two-electron quantum dot in tilted magnetic fields : Sensitivity to the confinement model 2013 Ingår i: European Physical Journal B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6028 .- 1434-6036. ; 86:10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Semiconductor quantum dots are conventionally treated within the effective-mass approximation and a harmonic model potential in the two-dimensional plane for the electron confinement. The validity of this approach depends on the type of the quantum-dot device as well as on the number of electrons confined in the system. Accurate modeling is particularly demanding in the few-particle regime, where screening effects are diminished and thus the system boundaries may have a considerable effect on the confining potential. Here we solve the numerically exact two-electron states in both harmonic and hard-wall model quantum dots subjected to tilted magnetic fields. Our numerical results enable direct comparison against experimental singlet-triplet energy splittings. Our analysis shows that hard and soft wall models produce qualitatively different results for quantum dots exposed to tilted magnetic fields. Hence, we are able to address the sensitivity of the two-body phenomena to the modeling, which is of high importance in realistic spin-qubit design.
32.	Gidlund, Mikael, et al. (författare) Industrial Automation 2010. - 1 Ingår i: Interconnecting smart objects with IP. - Burlington : Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. - 9780123751652 - 9780123751669 ; , s. 325-333 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
33.	Greve, Anders M., et al. (författare) Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Profile Between Electrocardiographic Hypertrophy Versus Strain in Asymptomatic Patients With Aortic Stenosis (from SEAS Data) 2011 Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1913 .- 0002-9149. ; 108:4, s. 541-547 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Electrocardiograms are routinely obtained in clinical follow-up of patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). The association with aortic valve, left ventricular (LV) response to long-term pressure load, and clinical covariates is unclear and the clinical value is thus uncertain. Data from clinical examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram in 1,563 patients in the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study were used. Electrocardiograms were Minnesota coded for arrhythmias and atrioventricular and intraventricular blocks; LV hypertrophy was assessed by Sokolow-Lyon voltage and Cornell voltage duration criteria; and strain by T-wave inversion and ST-segment depression. Degree of AS severity was evaluated by echocardiography as peak aortic jet velocity and LV mass was indexed by body surface area. After adjustment for age, gender, LV mass index, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, blood glucose, digoxin, antiarrhythmic drugs, drugs acting on the renin angiotensin system, diuretics, beta blockers and calcium receptor blockers; peak aortic jet velocity was significantly greater in patients with electrocardiographic strain (mean difference 0.13 m/s, p <0.001) and LV hypertrophy by Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria (mean difference 0.12 m/s, p = 0.004). After similar adjustment, LV mass index was significantly greater in patients with electrocardiographic strain (mean difference 14.8 g/cm(2), p <0.001) and LV hypertrophy by Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria and Cornell voltage duration criteria (mean differences 8.8 and 17.8 g/cm(2), respectively, p <0.001 for the 2 comparisons). In multiple comparisons patients with electrocardiographic strain had increased peak aortic jet velocity, blood glucose, and uric acid, whereas patients with LV hypertrophy by Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria were younger and patients with LV hypertrophy by Cornell voltage duration criteria more often were women. In conclusion, electrocardiographic criteria for LV hypertrophy and strain are independently associated with peak aortic jet velocity and LV mass index. Moreover, clinical covariates differ significantly between patients with electrocardiographic strain and those with LV hypertrophy by Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria and Cornell voltage duration criteria. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (Am J Cardiol 2011;108:541-547)
34.	Heid, Iris M, et al. (författare) Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution 2010 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 949-960 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁹ to P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10⁻³ to P = 1.2 × 10⁻¹³). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.
35.	Høgh, Annie, et al. (författare) Risk of Depression Among Employees Exposed to Negative Acts at Work: a 2-year Follow-up Study. 2013 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
36.	Kolstad, Arne, et al. (författare) Nordic MCL-3 study : 90Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan added to BEAM/C in non-CR patients before transplant in mantle cell lymphoma 2014 Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 123:19, s. 2953-2959 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The main objective of the MCL3 study was to improve outcome for patients not in CR before transplant by adding (90)Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan (Zevalin) to the high-dose regimen. 160 consecutive, untreated stage II-IV MCL patients < 66 years received rituximab (R)- maxi-CHOP alternating with R-high-dose Ara-C (6 cycles total), followed by high-dose BEAM or BEAC and autologous stem cell transplantation 2005-2009. Zevalin (0.4 mCi/kg) was given to responders in only CRu/PR prior to high-dose therapy. The overall response rate (ORR) pre-transplant was 97%. After a median follow-up of 4.4 years the outcome did not differ from that of the historic control, the MCL2 trial with the same treatment except for Zevalin. Overall (OS), event free (EFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) at 4 years were 78, 62 and 71%, respectively. For patients in CRu/PR before transplant who received Zevalin duration of response was shorter than in the CR group. Inferior PFS, EFS- and OS were predicted by PET-positivity pre-transplant and detectable minimal residual disease (MRD) before and after transplant. In conclusion, a positive PET prior to transplant and MRD are strong predictors of outcome. Late intensification with Zevalin may be too late to improve the outcome of patients not in CR before transplant.
37.	Ludwig, Frank, et al. (författare) Magnetic, Structural, and Particle Size Analysis of Single- and Multi-Core Magnetic Nanoparticles 2014 Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. - 0018-9464 .- 1941-0069. ; 50:11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We have measured and analyzed three different commercial magnetic nanoparticle systems, both multi-core and single-core in nature, with the particle (core) size ranging from 20 to 100 nm. Complementary analysis methods and same characterization techniques were carried out in different labs and the results are compared with each other. The presented results primarily focus on determining the particle size-both the hydrodynamic size and the individual magnetic core size-as well as magnetic and structural properties. The used analysis methods include transmission electron microscopy, static and dynamic magnetization measurements, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. We show that particle (hydrodynamic and core) size parameters can be determined from different analysis techniques and the individual analysis results agree reasonably well. However, in order to compare size parameters precisely determined from different methods and models, it is crucial to establish standardized analysis methods and models to extract reliable parameters from the data.
38.	Nielsen, Cecilia, 1944-, et al. (författare) Konsten att navigera mellan individ och grupp : lärares uppdrag i skola, förskola och fritidshem 2011. - 1. uppl. Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
39.	Ose, Jennifer, et al. (författare) Endogenous androgens and risk of epithelial invasive ovarian cancer by tumor characteristics in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition 2014 Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 136:2, s. 399-410 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The role of endogenous androgens and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in ovarian carcinogenesis is poorly understood. Epithelial invasive ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease and there are no prospective data on endogenous androgens and EOC risk by tumor characteristics (histology, grade, stage) or the dualistic model of ovarian carcinogenesis (i.e. type I vs. type II, leading to less or more aggressive tumors). We conducted a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort evaluating androgens and SHBG and invasive EOC risk by tumor characteristics. Female participants who provided a blood sample and were not using exogenous hormones at blood donation were eligible (n = 183,257). A total of 565 eligible women developed EOC; two controls (n = 1,097) were matched per case. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression models. We observed no association between androgens, SHBG and EOC overall. A doubling of androstenedione reduced risk of serous carcinomas by 21% (odds ratio (OR)log2=0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]=[0.64-0.97]). Moreover, associations differed for low-grade and high-grade carcinomas, with positive associations for low-grade and inverse associations for high-grade carcinomas (e.g. androstenedione: low grade: ORlog2=1.99 [0.98-4.06]; high grade: ORlog2=0.75 [0.61-0.93], p(het)0.01), similar associations were observed for type I/II tumors. This is the first prospective study to evaluate androgens, SHBG and EOC risk by tumor characteristics and type I/II status. Our findings support a possible role of androgens in ovarian carcinogenesis. Additional studies exploring this association are needed. What's new? There appear to be several types of epithelial invasive ovarian cancer (EOC), and hormone-related risk factors are poorly understood. In this study, the authors found that the impact of endogenous androgens on the risk of developing EOC differed depending upon tumor characteristics. Androgen concentrations were positively associated with the risk of low-grade and type-I carcinomas, but the study found an inverse association for high-grade tumors. These findings support a possible role for androgens in ovarian carcinogenesis, and emphasize the need for additional research.
40.	Remberger, Mikael, et al. (författare) Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme Antibacterial substances 2014 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har under 2013 på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket utfört en screeningstudie av antibakteriella substanser i miljön. De ämnen som ingick i studien var triklosan, triklokarban, silver och nedbrytningsprodukterna metyl-triklosan, och 3,4-dikloranilin (3,4-DCA).Det övergripande syftet med screeningen var att bestämma koncentrationer av de utvalda ämnena i kommunala avloppsreningsverk och bedöma förekomst och nivåer i recipienter i närheten av reningsverken.Prover togs vid sex olika kommunala reningsverk och omfattade inkommande och utgående avloppsvatten samt slam. Dessutom ingick sediment och fisk som samlats in i närheten av reningsverkens utlopp. Totalt analyserades 30 prover.Triklosan hittades i alla provtagningsmatriser, och förekom konsekvent i högst koncentrationer av de organiska ämnena, undantaget sediment, där koncentrationerna av triklokarban var i samma storleksordning. Koncentrationerna av triklosan i slam (890-1800 ng/g dw) och inkommande (81-130 ng/l) och utgående (27-52 ng/l) vatten från reningsverk låg i samma storleksordning som tidigare rapporterade halter och indikerar att den tidigare observerade nedåtgående trenden i reningsverksslam tycks börja plana ut.Metyl-triklosan, återfanns främst i slam, med halter motsvarande ungefär en faktor 200 lägre än koncentrationerna av triklosan.Triklokarban var allmänt förekommande i inkommande vatten, slam och sediment, men kunde inte detekteras i biota och endast i ett prov av utgående vatten. Halterna i sediment var i samma nivå som triklosan medan halterna i slam och inkommande vatten var en faktor 7,5 respektive 4 lägre än triklosan.3,4-DCA (och även 4-kloranilin, en ytteliggare nedbrytningsprodukt av triklokarban), kunde inte detekteras i något prov, men detektionsgränserna var högre för dessa föreningar jämfört med moderföreningen. Detektionsgränserna för dessa föreningar var dock betydligt lägre än de koncentrationer av 3,4-DCA som uppmätts i regioner utanför Sverige.Silver hittades i sediment och slam, men inte i biota eller utgående vatten och endast i ett prov av inkommande vatten till reningsverk. Halterna i slam var i samma storleksordning som tidigare rapporterade koncentrationer.
41.	Ritte, Rebecca, et al. (författare) Adiposity, hormone replacement therapy use and breast cancer risk by age and hormone receptor status : a large prospective cohort study. 2012 Ingår i: Breast cancer research : BCR. - London : BioMed Central. - 1465-542X. ; 14:3, s. R76- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Associations of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer with excess adiposity are reasonably well characterized; however, uncertainty remains regarding the association of body mass index (BMI) with hormone-receptor negative malignancies, and possible interactions by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. METHODS: Within the European EPIC cohort, Cox proportional hazards models were used to describe the relationship of BMI, waist and hip circumferences with risk of estrogen-receptor (ER) negative and progesterone-receptor (PR) negative (n = 1,021) and ER+PR+ (n = 3,586) breast tumors within five-year age bands. Among postmenopausal women, the joint effects of BMI and HRT use were analyzed. RESULTS: For risk of ER-PR- tumors, there was no association of BMI across the age bands. However, when analyses were restricted to postmenopausal HRT never users, a positive risk association with BMI (third versus first tertile HR = 1.47 (1.01 to 2.15)) was observed. BMI was inversely associated with ER+PR+ tumors among women aged ≤49 years (per 5 kg/m2 increase, HR = 0.79 (95%CI 0.68 to 0.91)), and positively associated with risk among women ≥65 years (HR = 1.25 (1.16 to 1.34)). Adjusting for BMI, waist and hip circumferences showed no further associations with risks of breast cancer subtypes. Current use of HRT was significantly associated with an increased risk of receptor-negative (HRT current use compared to HRT never use HR: 1.30 (1.05 to 1.62)) and positive tumors (HR: 1.74 (1.56 to 1.95)), although this risk increase was weaker for ER-PR- disease (Phet = 0.035). The association of HRT was significantly stronger in the leaner women (BMI ≤22.5 kg/m2) than for more overweight women (BMI ≥25.9 kg/m2) for, both, ER-PR- (HR: 1.74 (1.15 to 2.63)) and ER+PR+ (HR: 2.33 (1.84 to 2.92)) breast cancer and was not restricted to any particular HRT regime. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated BMI may be positively associated with risk of ER-PR- tumors among postmenopausal women who never used HRT. Furthermore, postmenopausal HRT users were at an increased risk of ER-PR- as well as ER+PR+ tumors, especially among leaner women. For hormone-receptor positive tumors, but not for hormone-receptor negative tumors, our study confirms an inverse association of risk with BMI among young women of premenopausal age. Our data provide evidence for a possible role of sex hormones in the etiology of hormone-receptor negative tumors.
42.	Ritte, Rebecca, et al. (författare) Height, age at menarche and risk of hormone receptor-positive and -negative breast cancer : A cohort study 2013 Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 132:11, s. 2619-2629 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Associations of breast cancer overall with indicators of exposures during puberty are reasonably well characterized; however, uncertainty remains regarding the associations of height, leg length, sitting height and menarcheal age with hormone receptor-defined malignancies. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, Cox proportional hazards models were used to describe the relationships of adult height, leg length and sitting height and age at menarche with risk of estrogen and progesterone receptor negative (ER-PR-) (n = 990) and ER+PR+ (n = 3,524) breast tumors. Height as a single risk factor was compared to a model combining leg length and sitting height. The possible interactions of height, leg length and sitting height with menarche were also analyzed. Risk of both ER-PR- and ER+PR+ malignancies was positively associated with standing height, leg length and sitting height and inversely associated with increasing age at menarche. For ER+PR+ disease, sitting height (hazard ratios: 1.14[95% confidence interval: 1.081.20]) had a stronger risk association than leg length (1.05[1.001.11]). In comparison, for ER-PR- disease, no distinct differences were observed between leg length and sitting height. Women who were tall and had an early menarche (13 years) showed an almost twofold increase in risk of ER+PR+ tumors but no such increase in risk was observed for ER-PR- disease. Indicators of exposures during rapid growth periods were associated with risks of both HR-defined breast cancers. Exposures during childhood promoting faster development may establish risk associations for both HR-positive and negative malignancies. The stronger associations of the components of height with ER+PR+ tumors among older women suggest possible hormonal links that could be specific for postmenopausal women.
43.	Saelen, Lene, et al. (författare) Fundamental gates for a strongly correlated two-electron quantum ring 2010 Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 81:3, s. 033303- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We demonstrate that conditional as well as unconditional basic operations which are necessary for universal quantum gates can be performed with almost 100% fidelity within a strongly interacting two-electron quantum ring. Both sets of operations are based on a quantum control algorithm that optimizes a driving electromagnetic pulse for a given quantum gate. The demonstrated transitions occur on a time scale much shorter than typical decoherence times of the system.
44.	Schulz, Trenton, et al. (författare) Identifying Trust Strategies in the Internet of Things FutureID Deliverable D22.7 Accessibility and Inclusion Requirements 2013 Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract Users in the Internet of Things (IoT) use strategies to determine if they should trust a system or service. These strategies are not actively declared, but it can be useful to know which strategy is being used. We provide possible actions that users may perform when using different trust strategies and possible ways these can be captured for user studies. This document defines the accessibility and inclusion requirements to be taken into account when developing the different prototypes in the FutureID project. It also serves as a back- ground document in informing project partners about different aspects of accessibility when dealing with ICT. This includes looking at definitions, different types of users, assistive tech- nology, and other existing work in the field. Legal requirements, including storing of personal information for making systems accessible, are also covered. The document includes the accessibility and inclusion requirements for both developing and testing the client.
45.	Skarin, Hanna, et al. (författare) The workshop on animal botulism in europe 2013 Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S183-S190 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A workshop on animal botulism was held in Uppsala, Sweden, in June 2012. Its purpose was to explore the current status of the disease in Europe by gathering the European experts in animal botulism and to raise awareness of the disease among veterinarians and others involved in biopreparedness. Animal botulism is underreported and underdiagnosed, but an increasing number of reports, as well as the information gathered from this workshop, show that it is an emerging problem in Europe. The workshop was divided into 4 sessions: animal botulism in Europe, the bacteria behind the disease, detection and diagnostics, and European collaboration and surveillance. An electronic survey was conducted before the workshop to identify the 3 most needed discussion points, which were: prevention, preparedness and outbreak response; detection and diagnostics; and European collaboration and surveillance. The main conclusions drawn from these discussions were that there is an urgent need to replace the mouse bioassay for botulinum toxin detection with an in vitro test and that there is a need for a European network to function as a reference laboratory, which could also organize a European supply of botulinum antitoxin and vaccines. The foundation of such a network was discussed, and the proposals are presented here along with the outcome of discussions and a summary of the workshop itself. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
46.	Speliotes, Elizabeth K., et al. (författare) Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index 2010 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 937-948 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Obesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined associations between body mass index and ~2.8 million SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted follow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 additional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci and identified 18 new loci associated with body mass index (P < 5 × 10−8), one of which includes a copy number variant near GPRC5B. Some loci (at MC4R, POMC, SH2B1 and BDNF) map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance, and one of these loci is near GIPR, an incretin receptor. Furthermore, genes in other newly associated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation.
47.	Steen-Hansen, Anne, et al. (författare) Plast i byggevarer og brannsikkerhet 2013 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denne rapporten presenterer resultater fra et forprosjekt utført under forskningsavtalen mellom Direktoratetfor samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap (DSB) og SINTEF NBL. Direktoratet for byggkvalitet (DiBK) har ogsåbidratt med finansiering og som deltaker i styringskomitéen for prosjektet.Plast er stadig mer utbredt som bygningsmateriale, og nye produkter og anvendelser blir utviklet ogmarkedsført. Samtidig er det en utbredt skepsis til bruken av plast i enkelte bygg- og brannfagligemiljøer. Noe av skepsisen kan skyldes manglende kunnskap, noe kan skyldes manglende tilgjengeliginformasjon, og noe kan skyldes enkelte dårlige erfaringer med brann i plastmaterialer. Det finnes ogsåeksempler på at plastmaterialer brukes feil i forhold til hvordan de branntekniske egenskapene erdokumentert.Hensikten med forprosjektet har vært å gi en oversikt over bruksområder der det har oppstått, eller kanoppstå, problemer med anvendelse av plastprodukter i forhold til branntekniske ytelser angitt i de norskebyggereglene (TEK 10 med veiledning). Dette vil være viktig bakgrunnsinformasjon ved eventuelleendringer av byggereglene, og med hensyn til hvordan tilsyn i bygninger med byggevarer av plast børutføres. Som grunnlag for denne oversikten har vi gjennomført litteratursøk og søk etter informasjon omplast generelt og byggevarer i plast spesielt fra relevante kilder, Vi har kontaktet ulike aktører for å få deresinnspill til temaet, og vi har samlet informasjon om branner der plast har hatt en betydning for brannforløpet.Rapporten gir også en oversikt over utviklingen av det byggtekniske regelverket og forskningsaktiviteterinnenfor plast og brann i Norge.Plast er ikke en ensartet gruppe materialer. Det finnes ulike typer plast som oppfører seg på ulike vis i enbrannsituasjon. Innenfor en og samme type plast er det også stor variasjon i brannegenskapene, avhengig avmange ulike faktorer, som utforming, densitet og ulike tilsetningsstoffer. Det finnes plastmaterialer somantennes lett og brenner heftig, noen avgir mye svart røyk, andre har svært giftig røyk. Andre plastmaterialerkan ha gode brannegenskaper, er vanskelige å antenne og avgir lite eller moderate mengder røyk. Derfor erdet vanskelig å gi en generell konklusjon om at plast er akseptabelt eller uakseptabelt i bygninger. Detkommer an på så mangt, og er avhengig av type byggevare, det spesifikke produktet, hvor det skal anvendesog i hvilken type bygning. Dagens byggeregler er i prinsippet materialnøytrale, og samme regler gjelder forbyggevarer i samme type bruksområder, uavhengig av hva byggevaren er laget av. Det er brannegenskapenesom er avgjørende for hvordan og hvor produktene kan anvendes. Imidlertid skaper skillet mellom brennbarog ubrennbar isolasjon problemer for enkelte anvendelser av plastisolasjon, som ved isolasjon av tak, og vedfasadesystemer med plastisolasjon.Noe av det vi opplever skaper problemer med hensyn til anvendelse av plast i bygg og brannsikkerhet, ermangel på kunnskaper hos ulike aktører. Dette gjelder både med hensyn til forståelse for betydningen avulike brannegenskaper, og mangelfulle kunnskaper om det europeiske systemet for dokumentasjon avbyggevarer, og kravene til dokumentasjon gitt i TEK 10. Dermed kan dokumentasjonen i byggeprosjekter blimangelfull eller feil.På bakgrunn av all informasjonen vi har gått gjennom i prosjektet, har vi foreslått hvordan man gjennom envidereføring av prosjektet kan skape et grunnlag som fører til at byggevarer i plast kan brukes på enbrannsikker måte av ulike aktører (arkitekter, prosjekterende og utførende).En aktivitet i en videreføring kan være å vurdere hvor godt VTEK 10 er tilpasset dagens byggevarer, bådemed hensyn til bygningsmaterialer generelt og plast spesielt.En kartlegging av omfanget av enkelte typer byggevarer i plast i utvalgte bygningskategorier kan gi nyttiginformasjon om hvor utbredt bruken av plast er i norske bygninger i dag. Et område som kan være verdt å undersøke spesielt, er driftsbygninger i landbruket. Her har vi opplysninger om at det er en økt bruk avplastmaterialer, og det kan være formålstjenlig å undersøke hvilke produkter det er snakk om, hvordan debrukes, og om anvendelsen er i tråd med byggereglene.Det er også foreslått problemstillinger som bør undersøkes nærmere ved branntesting, som effekten avskader på sandwichpaneler, hvor gode de preaksepterte løsningene for brennbar isolasjon på tak er, og hvakravet om maksimalt 50 MJ/løpemeter korridor for kabel i rømningsvei betyr i praksis.Vi foreslår også å utarbeide grunnlag for å utarbeide informasjonsmateriell og formidle kunnskaper til ulikeaktører i bransjen.
48.	Stevens, Richard G., et al. (författare) Considerations of circadian impact for defining 'shift work' in cancer studies : IARC Working Group Report. 2011 Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 68:2, s. 154-162 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Based on the idea that electric light at night might account for a portion of the high and rising risk of breast cancer worldwide, it was predicted long ago that women working a non-day shift would be at higher risk compared with day-working women. This hypothesis has been extended more recently to prostate cancer. On the basis of limited human evidence and sufficient evidence in experimental animals, in 2007 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified 'shift work that involves circadian disruption' as a probable human carcinogen, group 2A. A limitation of the epidemiological studies carried out to date is in the definition of 'shift work.' IARC convened a workshop in April 2009 to consider how 'shift work' should be assessed and what domains of occupational history need to be quantified for more valid studies of shift work and cancer in the future. The working group identified several major domains of non-day shifts and shift schedules that should be captured in future studies: (1) shift system (start time of shift, number of hours per day, rotating or permanent, speed and direction of a rotating system, regular or irregular); (2) years on a particular non-day shift schedule (and cumulative exposure to the shift system over the subject's working life); and (3) shift intensity (time off between successive work days on the shift schedule). The group also recognised that for further domains to be identified, more research needs to be conducted on the impact of various shift schedules and routines on physiological and circadian rhythms of workers in real-world environments.
49.	Tang, Wenbo, et al. (författare) Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Studies and Meta-Analyses of Longitudinal Change in Adult Lung Function 2014 Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:7, s. e100776- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci influencing cross-sectional lung function, but less is known about genes influencing longitudinal change in lung function. Methods: We performed GWAS of the rate of change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in 14 longitudinal, population-based cohort studies comprising 27,249 adults of European ancestry using linear mixed effects model and combined cohort-specific results using fixed effect meta-analysis to identify novel genetic loci associated with longitudinal change in lung function. Gene expression analyses were subsequently performed for identified genetic loci. As a secondary aim, we estimated the mean rate of decline in FEV1 by smoking pattern, irrespective of genotypes, across these 14 studies using meta-analysis. Results: The overall meta-analysis produced suggestive evidence for association at the novel IL16/STARD5/TMC3 locus on chromosome 15 (P = 5.71 x 10(-7)). In addition, meta-analysis using the five cohorts with >= 3 FEV1 measurements per participant identified the novel ME3 locus on chromosome 11 (P = 2.18 x 10(-8)) at genome-wide significance. Neither locus was associated with FEV1 decline in two additional cohort studies. We confirmed gene expression of IL16, STARD5, and ME3 in multiple lung tissues. Publicly available microarray data confirmed differential expression of all three genes in lung samples from COPD patients compared with controls. Irrespective of genotypes, the combined estimate for FEV1 decline was 26.9, 29.2 and 35.7 mL/year in never, former, and persistent smokers, respectively. Conclusions: In this large-scale GWAS, we identified two novel genetic loci in association with the rate of change in FEV1 that harbor candidate genes with biologically plausible functional links to lung function.
50.	Wallberg, Petra, et al. (författare) Evaluation of Swedish National Screening Studies 2007-2012 2014 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute has made an assessment of the need for follow-up of Swedish national screening studies performed during the years 2007-2012. Defined tasks were to select approximately 25 substances for risk evaluation and to identity if there is a need for a more in-depth evaluation for any of these substances, and to select approximately 8 screening studies where there are needs for follow-up studies. Forty screening studies were performed during the selected time period and the total number of screened substances amounted to 540 individual chemical substances, groups of substances and metals. Substances not prioritized for risk evaluation were: classical well known substances ( e.g . PCBs, dioxins, metals) and their metabolites; substances with low detection frequency in biotic < 50%; substances listed on as a priority substance within the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and substances treated as a group rather than as individuals ( e.g . unintentionally produced substances). Finally 22 substances remained for risk evaluation. Two brominated flame retardants (HBB and PBEB), two UV-filters (OTNE and AC) and one benzotriazole (UV 327) were suggested to be considered for an in depth evaluation. The screening studies not recommended for follow-up were: studies where a follow-up already had been done; studies concerning priority substances in the WFD; studies where the authors concluded that the substances do not pose a risk or that no issues remain at present; studies where follow-up studies, research projects and/or literature reviews are ongoing, and studies where method development is ongoing or needed before further screening can be performed. Six studies were not prioritized for a new screening but need to be considered further. Finally, the studies selected to be prioritized for further screening included the following substances; UV-filters, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles, platinum group metals, organophosphate esters, metabolites of PAHs and phthalates in urine, and antioxidants and their degradation products.

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