| 1. |
- Naucler, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Efficacy of HPV DNA testing with cytology triage and/or repeat HPV DNA testing in primary cervical cancer screening.
- 2009
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 101:2, s. 88-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Primary cervical screening with both human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and cytological examination of cervical cells with a Pap test (cytology) has been evaluated in randomized clinical trials. Because the vast majority of women with positive cytology are also HPV DNA positive, screening strategies that use HPV DNA testing as the primary screening test may be more effective.
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| 2. |
- Naucler, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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HPV type-specific risks of high-grade CIN during 4 years of follow-up : A population-based prospective study
- 2007
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In: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 97:1, s. 129-132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We followed a population-based cohort of 5696 women, 32 - 38 years of age, by registry linkage with cytology and pathology registries during a mean follow-up time of 4.1 years to assess the importance for CIN2 + development of type-specific HPV DNA positivity at baseline. HPV 16, 31 and 33 conveyed the highest risks and were responsible for 33.1, 18.3 and 7.7% of CIN2 + cases, respectively. Women infected with HPV 18, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 66 had significantly lower risks of CIN2 + than women infected with HPV 16. After adjustment for infection with other HPV types, HPV types 35, 45, 59 and 66 had no detectable association with CIN2 +. In summary, the different HPV types found in cervical cancer show distinctly different CIN2 + risks, with high risks being restricted to HPV 16 and its close relatives HPV 31 and HPV 33.
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| 3. |
- Naucler, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Human papillomavirus and Papanicolaou tests to screen for cervical cancer.
- 2007
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - Boston, Massachusetts : Massachusetts medical society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 357:16, s. 1589-97
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Screening for cervical cancer based on testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) increases the sensitivity of detection of high-grade (grade 2 or 3) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, but whether this gain represents overdiagnosis or protection against future high-grade cervical epithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer is unknown. Methods In a population-based screening program in Sweden, 12,527 women 32 to 38 years of age were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to have an HPV test plus a Papanicolaou (Pap) test (intervention group) or a Pap test alone (control group). Women with a positive HPV test and a normal Pap test result were offered a second HPV test at least 1 year later, and those who were found to be persistently infected with the same high-risk type of HPV were then offered colposcopy with cervical biopsy. A similar number of double-blinded Pap smears and colposcopies with biopsy were performed in randomly selected women in the control group. Comprehensive registry data were used to follow the women for a mean of 4.1 years. The relative rates of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer detected at enrollment and at subsequent screening examinations were calculated. Results At enrollment, the proportion of women in the intervention group who were found to have lesions of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer was 51% greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 13 to 102) than the proportion of women in the control group who were found to have such lesions. At subsequent screening examinations, the proportion of women in the intervention group who were found to have grade 2 or 3 lesions or cancer was 42% less (95% CI, 4 to 64) and the proportion with grade 3 lesions or cancer was 47% less (95% CI, 2 to 71) than the proportions of control women who were found to have such lesions. Women with persistent HPV infection remained at high risk for grade 2 or 3 lesions or cancer after referral for colposcopy. Conclusions The addition of an HPV test to the Pap test to screen women in their mid-30s for cervical cancer reduces the incidence of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer detected by subsequent screening examinations.
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| 4. |
- Nordin, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Human papilloma virus in skin, mouth and uterine cervix in female renal transplant recipients with or without a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
- 2007
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In: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - 1651-2057. ; 87:3, s. 219-222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Some human papilloma viruses are thought to be associated with skin cancer. In this pilot study, 21 female renal transplant carriers, 10 with a history of skin squamous cell carcinoma and 11 without, together with 9 age-matched healthy women were investigated for human papilloma virus DNA in sun-exposed (forehead) and less sun-exposed (buttock) skin, mouth and uterine cervix. Paraffin-embedded tumours from 9 of the patients with a history of squamous cell carcinoma were analysed. Healthy skin from both the healthy and the immunosuppressed individuals harboured a wide variety of papilloma viruses. In the healthy individuals, samples from less sun-exposed skin showed a lower prevalence of human papilloma virus DNA than corresponding samples from the immunosuppressed patients (4/9 and 7/9, respectively). Among the immunosuppressed patients, human papillomavirus DNA was found as frequently in buttock samples (17/21) as in forehead samples (17/20). There was no increased prevalence of human papillomavirus in the cervix or mouth samples from the immunosuppressed patients.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Silins, Ilvars, et al.
(author)
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Chlamydia trachomatis infection and persistence of human papillomavirus.
- 2005
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 116:1, s. 110-115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence is the major cause of cervical cancer, but most HPV infections will not persist and risk factors for HPV persistence are not well known. Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis infection seems to also be associated with cervical cancer. We investigated whether C. trachomatis infection is a risk factor for HPV persistence. In a cohort of 12,527 women participating in a population-based HPV screening trial in Sweden, 6,418 women completed testing for HPV DNA by general primer PCR and typing by reverse dot blot hybridization. On average 19 months later, 303 women that had been HPV-positive and had normal cytology at enrollment completed a new HPV test. Environmental exposures were assessed by an 87-itern questionnaire. Previous sexually transmitted infections were also investigated by serology. At follow-up, 44% of the women were positive for the same type of HPV DNA as at enrollment. Persistence correlated with length of follow-up (p < 0.01) and condom use seemed to protect against HPV persistence (p < 0.05). The most significant risk factor for persistent presence of HPV DNA was self-reported history of previous C. trachomatis infection (relative risk in multivariate model = 2.09; 95% confidence interval = 1.05-4.18). We conclude that persistence of oncogenic HPV infections is more likely among women with a previous C. trachomatis infection.
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| 7. |
- Zidén, Lena, et al.
(author)
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A life-breaking event : early experiences of the consequences of a hip fracture for elderly people
- 2008
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In: Clinical Rehabilitation. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 22:9, s. 801-811
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To explore and describe the consequences of an acute hip fracture as experienced by home-dwelling elderly people shortly after discharge from hospital.Design: Semi-structured interviews using the phenomenographic method.Subjects and setting: Eighteen subjects were interviewed in their own homes one month after discharge.Results: The interviewees described experiences of changes in their relation to the body, themselves, to others and to their whole life situation. These experiences were described as being limited in movement, having lost confidence in the body, becoming humble and grateful, respecting oneself and one's own needs, becoming more dependent on others, gaining more human contact and being treated in a friendly way by others, being secluded and trapped at home, feeling old, closer to death and having lost their zest for life, and taking one day at a time and being uncertain about the future.Conclusion: Experienced consequences of a hip fracture were multidimensional and involved dramatic changes in the interviewees' life situation, including existential thoughts and reappraisal of the years of life that remained. The results indicate that the fracture seemed not only to break the bone but also to cause social and existential cracks, as experienced in the early phase after the injury.
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| 8. |
- Adnane, Bouchaib, et al.
(author)
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Origin of photoresponse at 8-14 μm in stacks of self-assembled SiGe/Si quantum dots
- 2009
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A normal incidence photodetector operating at 8-14 μm is demonstrated using p-type δ-doped SiGe dot multilayer structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(001) substrates. Based on the experimental results of photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopies together with numerical analysis, the origin of the measured photocurrent was attributed to intersubband optical transitions between the heavy hole and light hole states of the valence band of the self-assembled SiGe dots and subsequent lateral transport of photo-excited carriers in the conduction channels formed by Ge wetting layers.
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| 9. |
- Adnane, Bouchaib, et al.
(author)
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Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of self-assembled SiGe/Si quantum dots
- 2009
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) experiments are reported for various self-assembled SiGe/Si dot samples grown on Si(001) by molecular beam epitaxy at substrate temperatures ranging from 430 to 580 C. Two excitation peaks were observed, and the characteristics of the involved optical transitions were studied in detail by PLE (in one case implemented together with selective photoluminescence, SPL) on different samples containing either only one SiGe dot layer or multiple SiGe-dot/Si stacks. The temperature- and power-dependence of the excitation properties together with the results of six-band k.p calculations support the assignment of the observed PLE peaks to spatially direct and indirect transitions collected from two different SiGe dot populations.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Bioenergy expansion in the EU: Cost-effective climate change mitigation, employment creation and reduced dependency on imported fuels
- 2007
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In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 35:12, s. 5965-5979
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Presently, the European Union (EU) is promoting bioenergy. The aim of this paper is to study the prospects for using domestic biomass resources in Europe and specifically to investigate whether different policy objectives underlying the promotion of bioenergy (cost-effective climate change mitigation, employment creation and reduced dependency on imported fuels) agree on which bioenergy options that should be used. We model bioenergy use from a cost-effectiveness perspective with a linear regionalized energy- andtransport-system model and perform supplementary analysis. It is found that the different policy objectives do not agree on the order of priority among bioenergy options. Maximizing climate benefits cost-effectively is in conflict with maximizing employment creation. The former perspective proposes the use of lignocellulosic biomass in the stationary sector, while the latter requires biofuels for transport based on traditional agricultural crops. Further, from a security-of-supply perspective, the appeal of a given bioenergy option depends on how oil and gas import dependencies are weighed relative to each other. Consequently, there are tradeoffs that need to be addressed by policymakers promoting the use of bioenergy. Also, the importance of bioenergy in relation to employment creation and fuel import dependency reduction needs to be further addressed.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Biomassa - en knapp resurs i globalt perspektiv
- 2007
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In: Bioenergi - till vad och hur mycket?. ; :Formas Fokuserar, s. 19-32
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Idag använder vi ungefär tio gånger mer fossil energi än bioenergi i världen. Nu ökar användningen av bioenergi kraftigt. Men globalt sett finns det inte tillräckligt med bioenergi för att ersätta de fossila bränslena, skriver tre forskare på Chalmers. Hur ska vi använda de knappa resurserna på bästa sätt? Och hur ska vi kunna begränsa de negativa effekter som ökad efterfrågan på bioenergi kan få? Det handlar bland annat om exploatering av värdefulla ekosystem som regnskogar.
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| 15. |
- Berndes, Göran, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Expanding sugarcane ethanol production in Brazil - Socioeconomic and climate effects of expanding sugarcane ethanol production in the Pontal do Paranapanema region (State of São Paulo, Brazil)
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the 15th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition - From research to market Deployment, Berlin, Germany, 7-11 May 2007.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents results from a study of socioeconomic and climate effects connected to a sugarcane expansion scenario in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo state, Brazil. Sugarcane production is expected to grow in the São Paulo state. Pontal do Paranapanema is the only region in the state where a large scale sugarcane expansion can take place and there is a concern that without guidelines the expansion might affect income growth in a negative way. A scenario where the settlers in the region gain from the sugarcane expansion was modelled. The models showed that it is possible to introduce sugarcane in the region with positive effects both on income growth and greenhouse gas emissions.
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| 16. |
- Bramer, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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Implications of regular solution theory on the release mechanism of catanionic mixtures from gels
- 2009
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In: Colloids and Surfaces B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 71:2, s. 214-225
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to apply the regular solution theory of mixed micelles to gain new insights on the drug release mechanism, when using catanionic mixtures as a method of obtaining prolonged release from gels. Synergistic effects were investigated at equilibrium and quantified in terms of regular solution theory interaction parameters. The drug release from catanionic aggregates was studied both in a polymer free environment, using dialysis membranes, and in gels, using a modified LISP paddle method. The drug release kinetics was modelled theoretically by combining the regular solution theory with Fick's diffusion laws assuming a contribution to the transport only from monomeric species (stationary aggregates). The theoretical predictions were found to be in reasonably good agreement with experiments. An analysis of the calculated distribution of species between aggregated and monomeric states was shown to provide further insights into the release mechanism.
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| 17. |
- Buunen, M, et al.
(author)
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COLOR II. A randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic and open surgery for rectal cancer.
- 2009
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In: Danish medical bulletin. - 1603-9629 .- 0907-8916. ; 56:2, s. 89-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer has been proven efficacious but morbidity and oncological outcome need to be investigated in a randomized clinical trial. Trial design: Non-inferiority randomized clinical trial. METHODS: The COLOR II trial is an ongoing international randomized clinical trial. Currently 27 hospitals from Europe, South Korea and Canada are including patients. The primary endpoint is loco-regional recurrence rate three years post-operatively. Secondary endpoints cover quality of life, overall and disease free survival, post-operative morbidity and health economy analysis. RESULTS: By July 2008, 27 hospitals from the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Spain, Denmark, South Korea and Canada had included 739 patients. The intra-operative conversion rate in the laparoscopic group was 17%. Distribution of age, location of the tumor and radiotherapy were equal in both treatment groups. Most tumors are located in the mid-rectum (41%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer is feasible. The results and safety of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer remain unknown, but are subject of interim analysis within the COLOR II trial. Completion of inclusion is expected by the end of 2009. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT00297791 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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| 18. |
- Diaz-Moreno, I., et al.
(author)
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NMR analysis of the transient complex between membrane photosystem I and soluble cytochrome c(6)
- 2005
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In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. ; 280:9, s. 7925-7931
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A structural analysis of the surface areas of cytochrome c(6), responsible for the transient interaction with photosystem I, was performed by NMR transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy. The hemeprotein was titrated by adding increasing amounts of the chlorophyllic photosystem, and the NMR spectra of the free and bound protein were analyzed in a comparative way. The NMR signals of cytochrome c(6) residues located at the hydrophobic and electrostatic patches, which both surround the heme cleft, were specifically modified by binding. The backbones of internal residues close to the hydrophobic patch of cytochrome c(6) were also affected, a fact that is ascribed to the conformational changes taking place inside the hemeprotein when interacting with photosystem I. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy of a transient complex between soluble and membrane proteins.
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| 19. |
- Egeskog, Andrea, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Co-generation of biofuels for transportation and heat for district heating systems – an assessment of the national possibilities in the EU
- 2009
-
In: Energy Policy. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 37:12, s. 5260-5272
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biomass gasification with subsequent synthesis to liquid or gaseous biofuels generates heat possible to use in district heating (DH) systems. The purpose here is to estimate the heat sink capacity of DH systems in the individual EU nations and assess the possibilities for biomass-gasification-based co-generation of synthetic biofuels for transportation and heat (CBH) for DH systems in the EU countries. The possibilities are assessed (i) assuming different levels of competiveness relative to other heat supply options of CBH corresponding to the EU target for renewable energy for transportation for 2020 and (ii) assuming that the potential expansion of the DH systems by 2020 is met with CBH. In general, the size of the DH heat sinks represented by the existing national aggregated DH systems can accommodate CBH at a scale that is significant compared to the 2020 renewable transportation target. The possibilities for CBH also depend on its cost-competitiveness compared to, e.g., fossil-fuel-based CHP. The possible expansion of the DH systems by 2020 represents an important opportunity for CBH and is also influenced by the potential increase in the use of other heat supply options, such as, industrial waste heat, waste incineration, and CHP.
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| 20. |
- Egeskog, Andrea, 1981, et al.
(author)
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On the possibility for cogeneration of biofuels for transport and heat for district heating systems in EU25
- 2008
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In: World Bioenergy 2008 Conference & Exhibition on Biomass for Energy.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gasification of biomass with subsequent conversion to liquid biofuels (BtL) results in considerable amounts of surplus heat. Some of this heat could be used in district heating (DH) systems. The aim of this study is to assess the potential for integration of BtL plants with the EU’s DH systems. The major parts of the DH systems are presently based on the use of fossil fuels. The fossil fuels are also dominating the EU transport sector. Thus, integration of BtL plants with the EU’s DH systems could contribute to EU goals of increasing the use of biomass for both heat and transport. The heat sink represented by the aggregated national DH systems is large enough to produce substantial amounts of biofuels for transport by co-generation. However, the potential contribution of the assessed option for meeting the EU target for biofuels for transport for 2020 is highly dependent on BtL plant configuration and competitiveness vs. other heat sources in the DH systems, e.g., CHP. It is found that integration of BtL with DH offers a substantial opportunity, but the attractiveness and possible impacts of expanding such systems need to be further analyzed.
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| 21. |
- Elfving, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Asymmetric relaxation of SiGe/Si(110) investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping
- 2006
-
In: Applied physics letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 89, s. 181901-1--181901-3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Strain relaxation of SiGe/Si(110) has been studied by x-ray reciprocal space mapping. To get information about the in-plane lattice mismatch in different directions, two-dimensional maps around, e.g., (260) and (062) reciprocal lattice points have been obtained from Si0.8Ge0.2/Si(110) samples, which were exposed to different annealing conditions. The in-plane lattice mismatch was found to be asymmetric with the major strain relaxation observed in the lateral [001] direction. This was associated with the formation and propagation of dislocations oriented along [10]. The relaxation of as-grown structures during postannealing is thus different from relaxation during growth, which is mainly along [10].
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| 22. |
- Elfving, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Three-terminal Ge dot/SiGe quantum-well photodetectors for near-infrared light detection
- 2006
-
In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 89, s. 083510-083513
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A three-terminal metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor type of photodetector has been fabricated with a multiple stack of Ge dot/SiGe quantum-well heterostructures as the active region for light detection at 1.3–1.55 µm. Gate-dependent edge incidence photoconductivity measurements at room temperature revealed a strong dependence of the photoresponse on the gate voltage. At positive gate bias, the hole transport from the dots into the wells was improved, resulting in a faster response. The high photoresponsivity at negative VG, measured to be 350 mA W–1 at 1.31 µm and 30 mA W–1 at 1.55 µm, was ascribed to the photoconductive gain.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Gomes, P.F., et al.
(author)
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Type-I optical emissions in GeSi quantum dots
- 2007
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 91:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors studied the optical emission of GeSi quantum dots under externally applied biaxial stress using samples grown with different temperatures varying from 430 to 700 °C. The optical emission energy of samples grown at low temperatures is rather insensitive to the applied external stress, consistent with the type-II band alignment. However, for samples grown at high temperatures we observed a large blueshift, which suggests type-I alignment. The result implies that recombination strength can be controlled by the growth temperature, which can be useful for optical device applications. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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| 26. |
- Gourdon, Pontus Emanuel, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Optimized in vitro and in vivo expression of proteorhodopsin: A seven-transmembrane proton pump
- 2008
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In: Protein Expression and Purification. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0279 .- 1046-5928. ; 58:1, s. 103-113
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Proteorhodopsin is an integral membrane light-harvesting proton pump that is found in bacteria distributed throughout global surface waters. Here, we present a protocol for functional in vitro production of pR using a commercial cell-free synthesis system yielding 1.0 mg purified protein per milliliter of cell lysate. We also present an optimized protocol for in vivo over-expression of pR in Escherichia coli, and a two-step purification yielding 5 mg of essentially pure functional protein per liter of culture. Both approaches are straightforward, rapid, and easily scalable. Thus either may facilitate the exploitation of pR for commercial biotechnological applications. Finally, the implications of some observations of the in vitro synthesis behavior, as well as preliminary results towards a structural determination of pR are discussed.
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| 27. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(author)
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Treatment of ADHD with Amphetamine; Short-term effects on family interaction
- 2008
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In: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 12:1, s. 83-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This research seeks to study the impact on family function after 3 months of treatment with amphetamine. Method: A total of 43 children, 6 to 11 years of age, with ADHD were treated with amphetamine for 3 months. Family function was studied before and after treatment by parent self-rating and independent observer ratings of videotaped parent—child interactions. Results: The families with a child with ADHD were found to be more dysfunctional than control families. Families with children with severe ADHD behavior showed evidence of more family dysfunction compared to families with children with less severe ADHD behavior. After 3 months of treatment with amphetamine, the children's behavior and the mother's well-being and some aspects of parent-reported and observer-rated family functioning improved. Conclusion: This study gives support to the notion that some aspects of family dysfunction may be related to the child's ADHD behavior.
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| 28. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(author)
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Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Amphetamine: Short-Term Effects on Family Interaction.
- 2008
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In: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 12:1, s. 83-91
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This research seeks to study the impact on family function after 3 months of treatment with amphetamine. Method: A total of 43 children, 6 to 11 years of age, with ADHD were treated with amphetamine for 3 months. Family function was studied before and after treatment by parent self-rating and independent observer ratings of videotaped parent—child interactions. Results: The families with a child with ADHD were found to be more dysfunctional than control families. Families with children with severe ADHD behavior showed evidence of more family dysfunction compared to families with children with less severe ADHD behavior. After 3 months of treatment with amphetamine, the children's behavior and the mother's well-being and some aspects of parent-reported and observer-rated family functioning improved. Conclusion: This study gives support to the notion that some aspects of family dysfunction may be related to the child's ADHD behavior.
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| 29. |
- Hansson, Bengt Göran, et al.
(author)
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Strong Association between Infection With Human Papillomavirus and Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma : A Population-based Case-control Study in Southern Sweden
- 2005
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In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 125:12, s. 1337-1344
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate a strong association between infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC), suggesting that high-risk HPV types play a key role in car-cinogenesis. The estimated proportion of OOSCC cases attributable to HPV infection was 35%. OBJECTIVE: HPV appears to have an aetiological role in OOSCC, despite the fact that the reported prevalences of HPV in both OOSCC patients and healthy individuals have varied widely. We aimed to investigate the presence and spectrum of both high- and low-risk HPVs in all consecutive cases of OOSCC in a Swedish healthcare region over a 3-year period and in population-based, matched healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 131 patients with OOSCC were studied. Samples taken from the surface of the tumour and from the tonsillar fossa using cotton-tipped swabs were investigated, together with exfoliated cells collected using a mouthwash. Tonsillar fossa and mouthwash specimens were collected in the same way from 320 matched controls. All samples were tested for HPV DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction using the primer pairs MY09/MY11 and GP5 + /GP6+, and in positive cases the HPV type was determined by DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Infection with high-risk HPV was shown to be a strong risk factor for OOSCC (OR = 63; 95% CI 14-480). Forty-seven (36%) of the cancer patients had > or =1 specimen that was positive for a high-risk HPV type (81% of which were HPV 16), while only 3 (0.94%) of the controls were positive for a high-risk HPV type. Seven (5.3%) of the cancer patients and 13 (4.1%) of the controls were positive for any of the mucosal, mucocutaneous or cutaneous low-risk HPV types.
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| 30. |
- Hansson, Göran, 1936-
(author)
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Såld spannmål av kyrkotionden : Priser i Östergötland under Sveriges stormaktstid
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The thesis presents annual price series for rye and barley in Östergötland during the period 1592-1735. Prices of wheat, oats, animal products, building materials, iron, nails, horse shoes and horse shoe nails from about the mid-17th century up to 1735 are also presented and analysed. New data has been excerpted from four hospitals and about fifty parishes in Östergötland. Prices from other provinces have also been excerpted for the study. This nes data is compared to already published prices from Sweden´s capital and from several provinces in central parts of the western national region of Sweden of that time. This area constituted Sweden´s core region. By linking the studies results to previous research, a description is made of the price developments for rye, butter and tallow up to 1775, that is, during Sweden´s period of great power and age of freedom. A principal result for the roughly 150 years primarily covered by the thesis is that it was chiefly the prices of rye and barley, the most important food at the time, that fluctuated in twelve cycles. Periodically there were large fluctuatons. The price cycles for corn (half rye, half barley) had an average amplitude of somewhat more than 100 % and a duration of 11 years on average. The prices were on average higher further north in the country. The causes of the price fluctuations are complex. During the major part of the period studied, Sweden was at war or in armistice period, which occupied a large part of the male population. Politically, increasingly great power was gradually concentrated to the king and autocracy was introduced, culminating at the end of Charles XII´s regency. The peasantry was burdened by high taxes and other onuses. After the middle of the 17th century the country was no longer self-subsistent but largely dependent on corn import. The production of foddstuffs decreased, partly through a smaller part of the country´s resources beeing used for production, and partly due to bad harvests. Recurrent epidemics reduced the population even up to the early 18th century.
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| 31. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Co-firing biomass with coal for electricity generation—An assessment of the potential in EU27
- 2009
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In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 37:4, s. 1444-1455
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Union aims to increase bioenergy use. Co-firing biomass with coal represents an attractive near-term option for electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES-E). This study assesses the near-term technical potential for biomass co-firing with coal in the existing coal-fired power plant infrastructure in the EU27 Member States. The total technical potential for RES-E frombiomass co-firing amounts to approximately 50–90 TWh/yr, which requires a biomass supply of approximately 500–900 PJ/yr. The estimated co-firing potential in EU27 amounts to 20–35% of the estimated gap between current RES-E production and the RES-E target for 2010. However, for some member states the national co-firing potential is large enough to fill the national gap. The national biomass supply potential is considerably larger than the estimated biomass demand for co-firing for all member states. About 45% of the estimated biomass demand for co-firing comes from plants located close to the sea or near main navigable rivers and indicates the possibility for biomass import by sea transport. Thus, biomass co-firing has the potential to contribute substantially to the RES-E development in EU27.
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| 32. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Cogeneration of biofuels and heat in the European district heating systems
- 2008
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In: Proceedings of the 16th EU BC&E.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Union (EU) aims at an increased use of bioenergy in all sectors as well as an increased energy efficiency. The gasification of biomass with subsequent conversion to gaseous and liquid biofuels generates considerable amounts of surplus heat. Given that some of this heat is made useful in district heating systems, the energy efficiency of such biofuel options would increase. Since the district heating systems in the EU to a large extent is based on fossil fuels, CO2 emissions reduction from the district heating systems could be an additional benefit. The aim of this study is to assess the potential for integrating biofuel plants generating surplus heat with the district heating systems in the member states of the EU. On a national level, the heat sink represented by the district heating systems is large enough to accommodate a substantial biofuel production. However, the realization of this potential is highly dependent on national conditions and its competitiveness against other heat sources in the district heating systems. The attractiveness and possible impacts need to be further analyzed.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Cost-effective bioenergy use for climate change mitigation - a model based analysis for Europe
- 2005
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In: 14th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition: Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents results from a study of future bioenergy use in Europe, within the specific context of an enlarged EU, including agricultural reforms suggesting opportunities for large scale production of biomass for energy in Central and Eastern European countries, and given different climate change related policies. The analysis is made using a cost-minimization country-level energy and transport system model for Europe. The domestic biomass potential seems sufficient to meet the proposed demand for biofuels for transport in Europe to 2030. But competition for available bioenergy resources is likely to arise. Under a stringent carbon cap regime, biomass demand in stationary applications is the major driver behind the bioenergy expansion. Transport biofuel policies may redirect biomass flows from stationary uses to the production of transport fuels. Thus, ambitious biofuel targets in EU-s transport sector can reduce the efficiency of biomass use for CO2 emission reductions. However, it may still be justifiable to use biomass for transport today, e.g., if a lack of technological progress for other carbon neutral transport fuels, e.g., hydrogen, lead to that biofuels will be required for reaching ambitious long term CO2 targets for the transport sector.
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| 35. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Future bioenergy options in the EU
- 2006
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In: Book of proceedings of Rio 6, 17-18 November, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An increased use of bioenergy is at present being promoted in the EU. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether different policy objectives underlying the promotion of bioenergy in EU25 (cost-effective climate change mitigation, employment creation and reduced dependency on imported fuels) agree on which bioenergy options that should be used. An energy- and transport-system model is combined with supplementary analysis. The analysis show that the different policy objectives do not seem to agree on the order of priority among bioenergy options. The maximization of climate benefits cost-effectively prescribes the use of lignocellulosic biomass in the stationary sector, while maximization of employment creation requires biofuels for transport based on traditional agricultural crops. From a security-of-supply perspective, the priority among bioenergy options depends on how oil and gas import dependencies are weighed, relative to each other. Thus, there are tradeoffs that need to be addressed by policymakers promoting the use of bioenergy. The importance of bioenergy in relation to employment creation and fuel import dependency reduction needs to be further addressed.
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| 36. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Future bioenergy production and trade flows in Europe - an energy-economy model based assessment
- 2005
-
In: 14th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition: Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper presents results from a study of future bioenergy use in Europe, within the specific context of an enlarged EU, including CO2 caps and biofuel for transport policies. The analysis is made using a cost-minimization country-level energy and transport system model. The main issue addressed concerns the opportunities for bioenergy production and trade within Europe. In the presence of ambitious climate policies and assuming inter-European biomass trade only, the use of bioenergy in EU 15, in particular biofuels for transport, stimulates biomass production in CEEC. However, the domestic biomass use in CEEC is the major driver behind increased biomass production for energy in CEEC. The capacity in EU15 ports seems sufficient to accommodate a substantial biomass import flow from CEEC. However, the capacity of CEEC ports may constrain the future biomass export from CEEC to EU15. A closer examination of the logistic capacity by ship and other transport modes is required before any firm conclusion regarding the prospects for large scale bioenergy trade flows from CEEC to EU15 can be made.
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| 37. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Future bioenergy trade in the EU: modelling trading options from a cost-effectiveness perspective
- 2009
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 17:1, s. 27-36
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to analyse under what conditions, with respect to CO2 emission-reduction and biofuels-for-transport targets, the trading in the EU of CO2 credits and solid and/or liquid biofuels is cost-effective from the perspective of an optimisation energy systems model. We use the PEEP model covering the EU27 (except Bulgaria, Malta, and Cyprus) to generate insights about the cost-effectiveness of different options under different policy scenarios. Trade in CO2 credits is a cost-effective option, in all relevant policy scenarios. Trade in some biofuels (mainly from Central and Eastern European countries to the EU15) is cost-effective in all assessed scenarios. In the case of CO2 targets (whether national or at the EU level) there is trade in solid biofuels. When biofuels-for-transport targets are also implemented, trading both solid and liquid biofuels is cost-effective.
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| 38. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
On the possibilities for co-firing biomass with coal for power generation in the EU
- 2008
-
In: World Bioenergy 2008 Conference & Exhibition on Biomass for Energy.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The European Union aims at an enhanced use of bioenergy. Co-firing biomass with coal represents an attractive near-term option for electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES-E). The purpose with this study is to assess the near-term technical potential for biomass co-firing with coal in the existing coal-fired power plantinfrastructure in the EU27 Member States (MS). The technical potential for RES-E from biomass co-firing amounts toapproximately 50-90 TWh/year, which requires a biomass supply of approximately 500-900 PJ/year. The national biomass supply potential is considerably larger than the estimated biomass demand for each MS. However, actuallymeeting the possible co-firing biomass demand will require a substantial increase compared to the present primaryproduction of biomass in many MS. The implementation of biomass co-firing will be influenced by e.g., the availability and cost of different biomass resources as well as related transport and handling issues, the development of policies and competing options. Longer term, the biomass co-firing potential will be influenced by the development of carbon capture and storage. In the future work the RES-E generation from co-firing will be compared to the RES-E targets for 2010. The possibility for biomass import by sea will also be indicated.
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| 39. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
The modelling of cost-effective bioenergy trade options in the EU
- 2007
-
In: Proceedings of the 15th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition - From research to market Deployment, Berlin, Germany, 7-11 May 2007.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The EU aims at an enhanced use of bioenergy. An increased intra-European bioenergy trade provides an opportunity to realize the unevenly distributed bioenergy potential within the enlarged EU. The purpose of this study is to analyse which bioenergy trading option (biomass/biofuels, CO2 credits or electricity) that is most preferable from the perspective of a cost-minimizing energy systems model (PEEP 1.1), considering CO2 and/or biofuel for transport targets. The PEEP 1.1 model covers EU27 (besides Bulgaria, Malta and Cyprus) which in the analyses are divided into two regions, EU15 and the Central and Eastern European member states. Given mandatory CO2 targets, trade with both biomass/biofuels and CO2 credits appears as cost-effective bioenergy options in the model, while trade with biomass based electricity is not. This result holds also for the case where mandatory biofuel for transport targets are introduced as well.
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| 40. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
The potential for biomass co-firing with coal in EU27
- 2008
-
In: Proceedings of the 16th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition - From research to industry and markets, Feria Valencia, Spain, 2-6 June 2008..
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The European Union (EU) aims to increase the use of bioenergy. An increased production of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E) is also being promoted within the EU. Biomass co-firing with coal represents an attractive near-term option for increasing the production of RES-E. This study assesses the near-term technical potential for biomass co-firing with coal in the existing coal-fired power plant infrastructure in the EU27 Member States (MS) and relates the potential to the national EU targets for RES-E by 2010. The possible contribution of RES-E from biomass co-firing to the RES-E target for 2010 for EU27 as a whole (expressed in absolute numbers) is about 10%. However, the contribution from the estimated co-firing potential to the gap between current RES-E levels and the RES-E target for 2010 is about 20-33% for EU27 (depending on assumptions made). For some MS the potential contribution is large enough to fill the gap. Biomass co-firing with coal has the potential to play an important role when increasing the amount of RES-E in EU27. However, considering how little time remains, it is unlikely that co-firing can actually make a considerable contribution to the 2010 RES-E targets.
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| 41. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
The prospects for large-scale import of biomass and biofuels into Sweden - a review of critical issues
- 2006
-
In: Energy for Sustainable Development. - 2352-4669 .- 0973-0826. ; X:1, s. 82-94
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden presently imports biofuels to meet part of the domestic demand for bioenergy. This paperevaluates the prospects for large-scale import of biofuels into Sweden. The parameters included areprospective Swedish and global biofuel supply and demand, the cost of long-distance biofuel transport,the capacity of global freight and of Swedish ports to handle increased biofuel flows andenvironmental aspects. It is found that the Swedish bioenergy potential is large enough to accommodatea substantial increase in the domestic use of both solid and liquid biofuels. However, anextensive import of biofuel feedstock would be needed for a prospective Swedish biofuel industryto be able to export substantial volumes of, for instance, liquid biofuels to Europe. South Americaand the former USSR are examples of regions where the assessed potential supply of low-costbiomass is higher than the estimated future regional biofuel demand. The costs, including transport,of imported biofuels from these regions are estimated to be equivalent to or lower than currentcosts of domestic biofuels, but the price is dependent on future competition for biofuels as well asfreight and port capacity. A substantial increase in international biofuel trade may influence globalbulk freight patterns and lead to increased competition for freight capacity, especially as regardssolid biofuels. This might lead to an increase in freight price. Current specialization at Swedishports may in the short term (perhaps 5-15 years) be an obstacle to a rapid increase in biofuelimport. The energy input in long-distance biofuel transport, as well as its environmental impact, isestimated to be low. However, to make large-scale biofuel trade flows acceptable special attentionneeds to be paid to, among other things, the impact on biodiversity and socioeconomic conditionsin the exporting countries.
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| 42. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
The prospects for large-scale import of biomass and biofuels to Sweden – a review of critical issues
- 2006
-
In: World Bioenergy 2006 Conference & Exhibition on Biomass for Energy.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sweden is one of the biggest consumers of both domestic and imported biofuels in the EU. This paper evaluates the prospects for an increased and large-scale import of biofuels to Sweden in the future. The parameters included are prospective Swedish and global biofuel supply and demand, the cost, energy input and environmental impact of long-distance biofuel transport as well as the capacity of global freight and of Swedish ports to handle increased biofuel flows. The Swedish bioenergy potential seems large enough to accommodate a substantial increase in the domestic use of biofuels. However, an extensive import of biofuel feedstock would be needed for a prospective Swedish biofuel industry to be able to export substantial volumes of biofuels. The costs, including transport, of imported biofuels from regions, where the assessed potential supply of biomass are higher than the estimated future regional demand, are estimated to be equivalent to or lower than current costs of domestic biofuels. But the price is dependent on future competition for biofuels as well as freight and port capacity. Current specialization at Swedish ports may in the short term be an obstacle to a rapid increase in biofuel import. The energy input in long-distance biofuel transport is estimated to be low. However, to make large-scale biofuel trade flows acceptable special attention needs to be paid, e.g., to the impact on biodiversity and socioeconomic conditions in the exporting countries.
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| 43. |
- Hansson, Maire, et al.
(author)
-
Telomerase activity in effusions: a comparison between telomere repeat amplification protocol in situ and conventional telomere repeat amplification protocol assay.
- 2008
-
In: Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. - 1543-2165. ; 132:12, s. 1896-1902
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CONTEXT: We previously found telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) in situ helpful in the diagnosis of malignancy in effusions, whereas varying sensitivities and specificities for malignancy were reported by investigators using extract-based TRAP. OBJECTIVE: To compare the 2 methods and to elucidate the discrepancies between them. DESIGN: Twenty-three effusions were analyzed. Telomerase activity of whole cell lysate was measured with a Telo TAGGG telomerase polymerase chain reaction ELISA PLUS kit with modifications to exclude polymerase chain reaction inhibitors. TRAP in situ was performed on cytospins. An estimate of total TRAP activity in the specimen was made based on the amount of positive cells, their fluorescence intensity, and the proportion of different cell types in the specimen. The estimate was compared with the level of telomerase activity in cell lysate-based TRAP. RESULTS: TRAP in situ: Thirteen of 14 malignant cases and 2 of 2 equivocal cases showed moderate/strong reactivity. Five of 7 benign effusions were negative; in 2 of 7, mesothelial cells showed weak reactivity. Cell lysate-based TRAP assay: In 4 cases no internal standard was detected, indicating the presence of polymerase chain reaction inhibitors. The relative telomerase activities were 33.1 to 72.7 with a considerable overlap between malignant (48 +/- 9, mean +/- SD) and benign (43 +/- 9) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The TRAP in situ results correlated to final diagnoses, whereas the cell lysate-based TRAP assay did not differentiate between malignant and benign cases. The varying proportions of positive cells and the variation in fluorescence intensity in the TRAP in situ slides explained some of the discrepancies. The problems encountered with TRAP performed on cell lysates are partly overcome using TRAP in situ.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Hansson, Patrik, et al.
(author)
-
Adult age differences in the realism of confidence judgments : Overconfidence, format dependence, and cognitive predictors
- 2008
-
In: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 23:3, s. 531-544
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Realistic confidence judgments are essential to everyday functioning, but few studies have addressed the issue of age differences in overconfidence. Therefore, the authors examined this issue with probability judgment and intuitive confidence intervals in a sample of 122 healthy adults (ages: 35-40, 55-60, 70-75 years). In line with predictions based on the naïve sampling model (P. Juslin, A. Winman, & P. Hansson, 2007), substantial format dependence was observed, with extreme overconfidence when confidence was expressed as an intuitive confidence interval but not when confidence was expressed as a probability judgment. Moreover, an age-related increase in overconfidence was selectively observed when confidence was expressed as intuitive confidence intervals. Structural equation modeling indicated that the age-related increases in overconfidence were mediated by a general cognitive ability factor that may reflect executive processes. Finally, the results indicated that part of the negative influence of increased age on general ability may be compensated for by an age-related increase in domain-relevant knowledge.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Hansson, Thomas, et al.
(author)
-
Sights of touching activates the somatosensory cortex in humans
- 2009
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2073 .- 0284-4311. ; 43:5, s. 267-269
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report our observations of cross-modal interactions between sight and touch using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Experiments were devised to show that sight and touch are linked in a cross-modal arrangement, and two separate experiments were done in an MRI scanner. In the first, the subject's right hand was stimulated with a brush; in the second, a video sequence was presented to the subject inside the scanner through video goggles in visual three-dimensional stereo, showing one brushstroke every second on a hand in the same manner as the subject had just previously experienced. The result was that both the primary and the secondary somatosensory cortexes were activated in the participants when the hands were touched, and when the subjects saw only a hand being touched in the same manner. The results indicated cross-modal links between sight and touch of the hand in humans.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Karim, Amir, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Characterization of Er/O-doped Si-LEDs with low thermal quenching
- 2005
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In: Material Research Society Symposium Proceedings. ; , s. 117-124
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electroluminescence studies of MBE-grown Er/O-doped Si-diodes at reverse bias have been done. For some devices there is much reduced thermal quenching of the emission at 1.54 µm. There are examples where the temperature dependence is abnormal in that the intensity for a constant current even increases with temperature up to e.g. 80 oC. These devices have been studied with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy to see the microstructure of the Er/O-doped layers as well as the B-doped SiGe-layers that are used as electron emitters during reverse bias. Although there are defects in the layers there is no evidence for large thick precipitates of SiO2. While reduced thermal quenching often is attributed to having the Er-ions within SiO2 layers, this is not the case for our structures as evidenced by our TEM-studies. The origin of the abnormal temperature dependence is attributed to the two mechanisms of breakdown in the reverse-biased diodes. At low temperature the breakdown current is mainly due to avalanche resulting in low-energy electrons and holes that quenches the intensity by Auger de-excitation of the Er-ions. At higher temperature the breakdown current is mainly phonon-assisted tunnelling which results in a more efficient pumping with less de-excitation of the Er-ions. Finally at the highest temperatures the thermal quenching sets in corresponding to an activation energy of 125 meV, which is slightly lower than 150 meV that has been reported in other studies.
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