| 1. |
- Bjelke, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Crustacea : Kräftdjur - crustaceans
- 2010
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Ingår i: The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010. - Uppsala : ArtDatabanken, SLU. - 9789188506351 ; , s. 487-493
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Boy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 19:3, s. 2015-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change-cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
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| 7. |
- Genberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Light-absorbing carbon in Europe - measurement and modelling, with a focus on residential wood combustion emissions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 13:17, s. 8719-8738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atmospheric concentration of elemental carbon (EC) in Europe during the six-year period 2005-2010 has been simulated with the EMEP MSC-W model. The model bias compared to EC measurements was less than 20% for most of the examined sites. The model results suggest that fossil fuel combustion is the dominant source of EC in most of Europe but that there are important contributions also from residential wood burning during the cold seasons and, during certain episodes, also from open biomass burning (wildfires and agricultural fires). The modelled contributions from open biomass fires to ground level concentrations of EC were small at the sites included in the present study, <3% of the long-term average of EC in PM10. The modelling of this EC source is subject to many uncertainties, and it was likely underestimated for some episodes. EC measurements and modelled EC were also compared to optical measurements of black carbon (BC). The relationships between EC and BC (as given by mass absorption cross section, MAC, values) differed widely between the sites, and the correlation between observed EC and BC is sometimes poor, making it difficult to compare results using the two techniques and limiting the comparability of BC measurements to model EC results. A new bottom-up emission inventory for carbonaceous aerosol from residential wood combustion has been applied. For some countries the new inventory has substantially different EC emissions compared to earlier estimates. For northern Europe the most significant changes are much lower emissions in Norway and higher emissions in neighbouring Sweden and Finland. For Norway and Sweden, comparisons to source-apportionment data from winter campaigns indicate that the new inventory may improve model-calculated EC from wood burning. Finally, three different model setups were tested with variable atmospheric lifetimes of EC in order to evaluate the model sensitivity to the assumptions regarding hygroscopicity and atmospheric ageing of EC. The standard ageing scheme leads to a rapid transformation of the emitted hydrophobic EC to hygroscopic particles, and generates similar results when assuming that all EC is aged at the point of emission. Assuming hydrophobic emissions and no ageing leads to higher EC concentrations. For the more remote sites, the observed EC concentration was in between the modelled EC using standard ageing and the scenario treating EC as hydrophobic. This could indicate too-rapid EC ageing in the model in relatively clean parts of the atmosphere.
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| 8. |
- Hansson, B. S., et al.
(författare)
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Sex pheromone perception in male pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera; Diprionidae)
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology. - 0340-7594. ; 168:5, s. 533-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electroantennographic and single sensillum recordings were performed on male pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer, antennae. Responses to the sex pheromone component (2S, 3S, 7S)- 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecenyl (diprionyl) acetate (SSS:OAc), to the behavioral inhibitor (2S, 3R, 7R)-diprionyl acetate (SRR:OAc), to the six other enantiomers of diprionyl acetate, and to the biosynthetic precursor diprionol were recorded. Responses to trans-perillenal, a monoterpene identified in female gland extracts and to (2S, 3S, 7S)-diprionyl propionate (SSS:OPr), a field attractant for N. sertifer and some related sawfly species were also recorded. EAG recordings demonstrated a high antennal sensitivity to SSS:OAc and to SSS:OPr. A somewhat lower response was elicited by SRR:OAc. Single sensillum recordings revealed 8–12 different cells firing in each sensillum, corresponding to the number of cells observed in earlier morphological investigations. Out of these cells all, except one, responded to SSS:OAc and to SSS:OPr. No differences in the response to the two components could be observed. The largest amplitude cell in each sensillum was specifically tuned to the behavioral antagonist, SRR:OAc. The pheromone perception system encountered in male pine sawflies thus differs clearly from that observed in moths.
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| 9. |
- Hedenström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Sex Pheromone of pine sawflies. Chiral syntheses of some active minor components isolated from neodiprion sertifer and of some chiral analogues of diprionyl acetate.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - 0040-4020. ; 48:15, s. 3139-3146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chiral syntheses of some analogues, 2 - 7, of 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol, 1 (diprionol), and of the corresponding acetates are described. The acetate of 1 is the main attractant in the sex pheromone of the Neodiprion genus (Diprionidae). Compounds 2 /2- 4 were identified as minor components isolated from females of Neodiprion sertifer. Synthetic intermediates were prepared either from chiral starting materials, via asymmetric syntheses, or by baker's yeast reductions.
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| 10. |
- Malmgren, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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| 11. |
- Nielsen, Roni, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Effects of Treatment With the Ketone Body 3-Hydroxybutyrate in Chronic Heart Failure Patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 139:18, s. 2129-2141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Myocardial utilization of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) is increased in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, the cardiovascular effects of increased circulating plasma-3-OHB levels in these patients are unknown. Consequently, the authors' aim was to modulate circulating 3-OHB levels in HFrEF patients and evaluate: (1) changes in cardiac output (CO); (2) a potential doseresponse relationship between 3-OHB levels and CO; (3) the impact on myocardial external energy efficiency (MEE) and oxygen consumption (MVO 2); and (4) whether the cardiovascular response differed between HFrEF patients and age-matched volunteers.METHODS: Study 1: 16 chronic HFrEF patients (left ventricular ejection fraction: 37 +/- 3%) were randomized in a crossover design to 3-hour of 3-OHB or placebo infusion. Patients were monitored invasively with a Swan-Ganz catheter and with echocardiography. Study 2: In a doseresponse study, 8 HFrEF patients were examined at increasing 3-OHB infusion rates. Study 3 to 4: 10 HFrEF patients and 10 age-matched volunteers were randomized in a crossover design to 3-hour 3-OHB or placebo infusion. MEE and MVO 2 were evaluated using 11C-acetate positron emission tomography.RESULTS: 3-OHB infusion increased circulating levels of plasma 3-OHB from 0.4 +/- 0.3 to 3.3 +/- 0.4 mM (P< 0.001). CO rose by 2.0 +/- 0.2 L/min (P< 0.001) because of an increase in stroke volume of 20 +/- 2 mL (P< 0.001) and heart rate of 7 +/- 2 beats per minute (bpm) (P< 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased 8 +/- 1% (P< 0.001) numerically. There was a dose-response relationship with a significant CO increase of 0.3 L/min already at plasma-3-OHB levels of 0.7 mM (P< 0.001). 3-OHB increased MVO 2 without altering MEE. The response to 3-OHB infusion in terms of MEE and CO did not differ between HFrEF patents and age-matched volunteers.CONCLUSIONS: 3-OHB has beneficial hemodynamic effects in HFrEF patients without impairing MEE. These beneficial effects are detectable in the physiological concentration range of circulating 3-OHB levels. The hemodynamic effects of 3-OHB were observed in both HFrEF patients and age-matched volunteers. 3-OHB may potentially constitute a novel treatment principle in HFrEF patients.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Wassgren, Ann Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Pheromone related compounds in pupal and adult female pine sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer, of different age and in different parts of the body
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Insect Physiology. - 0022-1910. ; 38:11, s. 885-893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pine sawfly pheromone precursor 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) was quantified by gas chromatography in different body parts of virgin female Neodiprion sertifer. About one-third of the total amount (approx. 10 ng per female) was found in each of head + thorax, abdominal segments 1-3, and the remaining abdomen. Diprionol was also found in the respective parts of pupae, but in lower amounts. This suggests that at least the final steps of the pheromone biosynthesis take place in many parts of the body, possibly in the cuticle. The diprionol content remained relatively constant over the whole lifetime of virgin females. By using coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection three active compounds in the acetylated female extract were observed. These corresponded to the pheromone, (2S,3S,7S)-diprionyl acetate, and its homologues with the chain shortened by one and two carbons respectively, as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, the homologue having a chain elongated by one carbon was found. The homologues occurred in amounts of 2-5% of the diprionyl acetate. When synthetic homologues were tested in the field, alone or in combination with diprionyl acetate, they were not behaviourally active to male sawflies, despite their electroantennogram activity. A threo-isomer of diprionol, most likely (2S,3R,7R), was present in the females in amounts less than 0.5% of the (2S,3S,7S)-content. The acetate of this threo-isomer is known as both synergist and inhibitor to the (2S,3S,7S)-isomer. trans-Perillenal was found in the abdominal segments 1-3 of both males and females and its possible biosynthetic relationship to diprionol is discussed.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ahnfelt, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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In Vitro Release Mechanisms of Doxorubicin From a Clinical Bead Drug-Delivery System
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3549 .- 1520-6017. ; 105:11, s. 3387-3398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The release rate of doxorubicin (DOX) from the drug-delivery system (DDS), DC Bead, was studied by 2 miniaturized in vitro methods: free-flowing and sample reservoir. The dependencies of the release mechanisms on in vitro system conditions were investigated experimentally and by theoretical modeling. An inverse relationship was found between release rates and bead size, most likely due to the greater total surface area. The release rates correlated positively with temperature, release medium volume, and buffer strength, although the release medium volume had larger effect than the buffer strength. The sample reservoir method generated slower release rates, which described the in vivo release profile more accurately than the free-flowing method. There was no difference between a pH of 6.3 or 7.4 on the release rate, implying that the slightly acidic tumor microenvironment is less importance for drug release. A positive correlation between stirring rate and release rate for all DDS sizes was observed, which suggests film controlled release. Theoretical modeling highlighted the influence of local equilibrium of protonation, self-aggregation, and bead material interactions of DOX. The theoretical release model might describe the observed larger sensitivity of the release rate to the volume of the release medium compared to buffer strength. A combination of miniaturized in vitro methods and theoretical modeling are useful to identify the important parameters and processes for DOX release from a micro gel-based DDS.
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| 17. |
- Ahnfelt, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Lipiodol-based emulsions used for transarterial chemoembolization and drug delivery : Effects of composition on stability and product quality
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. - : ELSEVIER. - 1773-2247. ; 53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transarterial chemoembolization with emulsion-based formulations using doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and Lipiodol (R) is the golden standard for the loco-regional treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, from a pharmaceutical quality perspective these emulsions are poorly characterized. In this study, clinically relevant Lipiodol (R)-based emulsions were characterized in terms of emulsion stability, continuous phase classification and droplet-size distribution. Also, the solubility of DOX in the different emulsion components and the distribution of DOX to the lipid phase were investigated. These are key features to investigate due to the claimed tumor-seeking properties of Lipiodol (R). The in vitro release of DOX was studied in a miniaturized dialysis method and an empirical release model was applied to adjust for the passage of DOX across the dialysis membrane. The most stable emulsion ( > 72 h) was classified as water-in-oil (w/o), had the highest distribution of DOX to the lipid phase (20%) and an aqueous-to-lipid phase ratio of 1:4. The composition of the aqueous phase was a mixture (v/v) of iohexol (85%) and water (15%). Emulsions containing iohexol and a high aqueousto-lipid phase ratio (1:2-1:4) displayed prolonged in vitro release profiles of DOX. This study further emphasizes the medical need to standardize these emulsion-based drug delivery systems.
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| 18. |
- Ahnfelt, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Single bead investigation of a clinical drug delivery system – a novel release mechanism
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 292, s. 235-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microgels, such as polymeric hydrogels, are currently used as drug delivery devices (DDSs) for chemotherapeutics and/or unstable drugs. The clinical DDS DC bead® was studied with respect to loading and release, measured as relative bead-volume, of six amphiphilic molecules in a micropipette-assisted microscopy method. Theoretical models for loading and release was used to increase the mechanistic understanding of the DDS.It was shown that equilibrium loading was independent of amphiphile concentration. The loading model showed that the rate-determining step was diffusion of the molecule from the bulk to the bead surface (‘film control’). Calculations with the developed and applied release model on the release kinetics were consistent with the observations, as the amphiphiles distribute unevenly in the bead. The rate determining step of the release was the diffusion of the amphiphile molecule through the developed amphiphile-free depletion layer. The release rate is determined by the diffusivity and the tendency for aggregation of the amphiphile where a weak tendency for aggregation (i.e. a large cacb) lead to faster release. Salt was necessary for the release to happen, but at physiological concentrations the entry of salt was not rate-determining. This study provides valuable insights into the loading to and release from the DDS. Also, a novel release mechanism of the clinically used DDS is suggested.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Achievements and experiences from science–policy interaction in the field of air pollution : Synthesising 20 years of research and outreach,thinking about future needs
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For 20 years, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency together with the MISTRA research foundation have funded five air pollution research programmes with focus on producing knowledge that supports policy and emission control in national and international arenas. The research has been multidisciplinary and has included research on emissions, atmospheric transport and transformation processes, human health effects, ecosystem effects, and emission control strategies. Research has also been conducted on the interaction between air pollution and climate change.Over these years, the link between the research programmes and the development of emission control strategies and policies in Sweden, the EU, and the UNECE Air Convention has been of high importance. This report presents how the research programmes have created societal benefits through support for the development of air pollution policies and emission control measures. The report also identifies future research needs to ensure continued progress towards even better air quality for future generations.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, LM, et al.
(författare)
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Vibrational wave packet dynamics in NaK : The A (1)Sigma(+) state
- 1999
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics. - 0301-0104 .- 1873-4421. ; 241:1, s. 43-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combined experimental and theoretical study of the vibrational wave packet dynamics for the NaK molecule in the A (1)Sigma(+) state is presented. The experiment utilises a 790 nm one-colour femtosecond pump-probe scheme with detection of a previously nor reported dissociation pathway of the 3 (1)Pi(+) state, leading to the Na(3p) + K(4s) product channel. The dissociation is suggested to proceed via either collisionally mediated processes or a molecular cascading process via the 4 (1)Sigma(+) state, which crosses several states correlating to the Na(3p) + K(4s) limit. Time-dependent quantum mechanical calculations are used for studying the dynamics in detail. Simulations are performed both for 790 nm and for 766 nm, to relate also to earlier studies. The previous interpretations of the probe processes are revised. Inclusion of vibrational and rotational temperature effects are shown to be crucial for explaining the shape of the signal and the vibrational period, and leads to excellent agreement with the experiments.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Artaxo, Paulo, et al.
(författare)
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Tropical and Boreal Forest – Atmosphere Interactions : A Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889. ; 74:1, s. 24-163
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review presents how the boreal and the tropical forests affect the atmosphere, its chemical composition, its function, and further how that affects the climate and, in return, the ecosystems through feedback processes. Observations from key tower sites standing out due to their long-term comprehensive observations: The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory in Central Amazonia, the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory in Siberia, and the Station to Measure Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations at Hyytiäla in Finland. The review is complemented by short-term observations from networks and large experiments.The review discusses atmospheric chemistry observations, aerosol formation and processing, physiochemical aerosol, and cloud condensation nuclei properties and finds surprising similarities and important differences in the two ecosystems. The aerosol concentrations and chemistry are similar, particularly concerning the main chemical components, both dominated by an organic fraction, while the boreal ecosystem has generally higher concentrations of inorganics, due to higher influence of long-range transported air pollution. The emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds are dominated by isoprene and monoterpene in the tropical and boreal regions, respectively, being the main precursors of the organic aerosol fraction.Observations and modeling studies show that climate change and deforestation affect the ecosystems such that the carbon and hydrological cycles in Amazonia are changing to carbon neutrality and affect precipitation downwind. In Africa, the tropical forests are so far maintaining their carbon sink.It is urgent to better understand the interaction between these major ecosystems, the atmosphere, and climate, which calls for more observation sites, providing long-term data on water, carbon, and other biogeochemical cycles. This is essential in finding a sustainable balance between forest preservation and reforestation versus a potential increase in food production and biofuels, which are critical in maintaining ecosystem services and global climate stability. Reducing global warming and deforestation is vital for tropical forests.
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| 23. |
- Asmi, A., et al.
(författare)
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Number size distributions and seasonality of submicron particles in = rope 2008-2009
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 11:11, s. 5505-5538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two years of harmonized aerosol number size distribution data from 24 = ropean field monitoring sites have been analysed. The results give a = mprehensive overview of the European near surface aerosol particle = mber concentrations and number size distributions between 30 and 500 = of dry particle diameter. Spatial and temporal distribution of = rosols in the particle sizes most important for climate applications = e presented. We also analyse the annual, weekly and diurnal cycles of = e aerosol number concentrations, provide log-normal fitting parameters = r median number size distributions, and give guidance notes for data = ers. Emphasis is placed on the usability of results within the aerosol = delling community.
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| 24. |
- Balador, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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AORTA: Advanced Offloading for Real-time Applications
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are currently witnessing the second wave of cloud services that go beyond web storefronts and IT systems, aiming for digitalization of industrial systems. Automation and time-sensitive systems are now taking their first steps toward the cloud. The AORTA project aims to facilitate this transition by providing key technology components needed for real-time services running in the cloud. The ambition is to support a future robotics ecosystem that enables a new level of flexible productivity in industrial production. AORTA will develop technologies that allow offloading of real-time services/functions to the edge and cloud. We will build upon recent advances in 5G, cloud, and networking technologies. The AORTA framework will support a fluid compute model where functionality will be dynamically deployed locally, in the edge, or in the cloud and support integration and real-time performance irrespective of where it executes. Results of the project will be demonstrated in a real-world robotics manufacturing and construction scenarios operating via a 5G network with real-time edge and large-scale cloud service. The AORTA technologies will provide opportunities for automation enterprises and system integrators by adding real-time capabilities needed to evolve beyond the currently closed ecosystem. They will also add value to telecom providers and operators that may host these new automation services in addition to their current portfolio.
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| 25. |
- Beddows, D. C. S., et al.
(författare)
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Variations in tropospheric submicron particle size distributions across the European continent 2008-2009
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 14:8, s. 4327-4348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cluster analysis of particle number size distributions from background sites across Europe is presented. This generated a total of nine clusters of particle size distributions which could be further combined into two main groups, namely: a south-to-north category (four clusters) and a west-to-east category (five clusters). The first group was identified as most frequently being detected inside and around northern Germany and neighbouring countries, showing clear evidence of local afternoon nucleation and growth events that could be linked to movement of air masses from south to north arriving ultimately at the Arctic contributing to Arctic haze. The second group of particle size spectra proved to have narrower size distributions and collectively showed a dependence of modal diameter upon the longitude of the site (west to east) at which they were most frequently detected. These clusters indicated regional nucleation (at the coastal sites) growing to larger modes further inland. The apparent growth rate of the modal diameter was around 0.6-0.9 nm h(-1). Four specific air mass back-trajectories were successively taken as case studies to examine in real time the evolution of aerosol size distributions across Europe. While aerosol growth processes can be observed as aerosol traverses Europe, the processes are often obscured by the addition of aerosol by emissions en route. This study revealed that some of the 24 stations exhibit more complex behaviour than others, especially when impacted by local sources or a variety of different air masses. Overall, the aerosol size distribution clustering analysis greatly simplifies the complex data set and allows a description of aerosol aging processes, which reflects the longer-term average development of particle number size distributions as air masses advect across Europe.
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| 26. |
- Björklund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Midterm Outcomes Associated With Aspirin and Ticagrelor vs Aspirin Monotherapy After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Acute Coronary Syndrome.
- 2021
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Ingår i: JAMA network open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 4:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the evidence for these recommendations is weak.To compare midterm outcomes after CABG in patients with ACS treated postoperatively with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ticagrelor or with ASA monotherapy.This cohort study used merged data from several national registries of Swedish patients who were diagnosed with ACS and subsequently underwent CABG. All included patients underwent isolated CABG in Sweden between 2012 and 2017 with an ACS diagnosis less than 6 weeks before the procedure, survived 14 days after discharge from hospital, and were treated postoperatively with ASA plus ticagrelor or ASA monotherapy. A multivariable Cox regression model was used for the main analysis, and propensity score-matched models were performed as sensitivity analysis. Data were analyzed between May and September 2020.Postoperative antiplatelet treatment, defined as filled prescriptions, with either ASA and ticagrelor or ASA only.Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke, and major bleeding, at 12 months and at the end of follow-up.A total of 6558 patients (5281 [80.5%] men; mean [SD] age at surgery, 67.6 [9.3] years) were included; 1813 (27.6%) were treated with ASA plus ticagrelor and 4745 (72.4%) were treated with ASA monotherapy. Crude MACE rate was 3.0 per 100 person years (95% CI, 2.5-3.6 per 100 person years) in the ASA plus ticagrelor group and 3.8 per 100 person years (95% CI, 3.5-4.1 per 100 person years) in the ASA group. After adjustment, there was no significant difference in MACE risk between ASA plus ticagrelor vs ASA only, neither during the first 12 months (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.58-1.21; P=.34) or during total follow-up (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71-1.11; P=.29). The use of ASA plus ticagrelor was associated with a significantly increased risk for major bleeding during the first 12 months (aHR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.16-3.13; P=.011). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the results.In patients with ACS who survived 2 weeks after CABG, no significant difference in the risk of death or ischemic events could be demonstrated between ASA plus ticagrelor and patients treated with ASA only, while the risk for major bleeding was higher in patients treated with ASA plus ticagrelor. Sufficiently powered prospective randomized trials comparing different antiplatelet therapy strategies after CABG are warranted.
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| 27. |
- Björklund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Postdischarge major bleeding, myocardial infarction, and mortality risk after coronary artery bypass grafting
- 2023
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Ingår i: HEART. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate the incidence and mortality risk associated with postdischarge major bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and relate this to the incidence of, and mortality risk from, postdischarge myocardial infarction.Methods All patients undergoing first-time isolated CABG in Sweden in 2006-2017 and surviving 14 days after hospital discharge were included in a cohort study. Individual patient data from the SWEDEHEART Registry and five other mandatory nationwide registries were merged. Piecewise Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations between major bleeding, defined as hospitalisation for bleeding, with subsequent mortality risk. Similar Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between postdischarge myocardial infarction and mortality risk.Results Among 36 633 patients, 2429 (6.6%) had a major bleeding event and 2231 (6.1%) had a myocardial infarction. Median follow-up was 6.0 (range 0-11) years. Major bleeding was associated with higher mortality risk <30 days (adjusted HR (aHR)=20.2 (95% CI 17.3 to 23.5)), 30-365 days (aHR=3.8 (95% CI 3.4 to 4.3)) and >365 days (aHR=1.8 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.0)) after the event. Myocardial infarction was associated with higher mortality risk <30 days (aHR=20.0 (95% CI 16.7 to 23.8)), 30-365 days (aHR=4.1 (95% CI 3.6 to 4.8)) and >365 days (aHR=1.8 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.0)) after the event.Conclusions The increase in mortality risk associated with a postdischarge major bleeding after CABG is substantial and is similar to the mortality risk associated with a postdischarge myocardial infarction.
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| 28. |
- Björklund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Secondary prevention medications after coronary artery bypass grafting and long-term survival : a population-based longitudinal study from the SWEDEHEART registry.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 41:17, s. 1653-1661
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To evaluate the long-term use of secondary prevention medications [statins, β-blockers, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, and platelet inhibitors] after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the association between medication use and mortality.METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients who underwent isolated CABG in Sweden from 2006 to 2015 and survived at least 6 months after discharge were included (n = 28 812). Individual patient data from SWEDEHEART and other mandatory nationwide registries were merged. Multivariable Cox regression models using time-updated data on dispensed prescriptions were used to assess associations between medication use and long-term mortality. Statins were dispensed to 93.9% of the patients 6 months after discharge and to 77.3% 8 years later. Corresponding figures for β-blockers were 91.0% and 76.4%, for RAAS inhibitors 72.9% and 65.9%, and for platelet inhibitors 93.0% and 79.8%. All medications were dispensed less often to patients ≥75 years. Treatment with statins [hazard ratio (HR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.52-0.60], RAAS inhibitors (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.84), and platelet inhibitors (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69-0.81) were individually associated with lower mortality risk after adjustment for age, gender, comorbidities, and use of other secondary preventive drugs (all P < 0.001). There was no association between β-blockers and mortality risk (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.90-1.06; P = 0.54).CONCLUSION: The use of secondary prevention medications after CABG was high early after surgery but decreased significantly over time. The results of this observational study, with inherent risk of selection bias, suggest that treatment with statins, RAAS inhibitors, and platelet inhibitors is essential after CABG whereas the routine use of β-blockers may be questioned.
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| 29. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Kontinuerliga tvåfraktionsinsamlare för övervakning av partikulära luftföroreningar i arbetsmiljö
- 1981
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten beskriver prototyper av kontinuerliga tvåfraktionsinsamlare för övervakning av partikulära luftföroreningar i arbetsmiljö som har konstruerats. En prototyp är personburen och ger möjligheter till insamling av två partikelstorleksfraktioner i 18 diskreta intervall. PIXE-metoden (analys med partikelinducerad röntgenstrålning) används för multielementanalys av de erhållna proven. Även med mycket korta insamlingstider, ner till 5 minuter, blir detektionsgränserna för de flesta element av yrkeshygieniskt intresse väsentligt lägre än sina respektive hygieniska gränsvärden. Rapporten inkluderar resultat från en enkel fältmätning som utgör ett exempel på de möjligheter den personburna provtagaren ger för yrkeshygieniska mätningar och undersökningar
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| 30. |
- Degerstedt, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Drug diffusion in biomimetic hydrogels : importance for drug transport and delivery in non-vascular tumor tissue
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogels of varying complexity are routinely used as scaffolds and 3D structures for in vitro tumor models to increase physiological relevance within pre-clinical cancer research. Relatively simple hydrogels such as agarose are well characterised, meanwhile biomimetic gels containing collagen and fibrin(ogen) have been studied to a much lesser extent. In this study, hydrogels mimicking the biophysical characteristics of liver cancer progression were investigated in terms of their UV-properties and influence on diffusion coefficients of different substances. UV-imaging technology was used to both visualize and quantify the diffusion process in a simple and rapid way. In general, agarose gel diffusion agreed well with predictions using the Stokes-Einstein equation meanwhile the biomimetic gels reduced diffusion coefficients by up to 70%. For doxorubicin, spatio-temporal tissue concentration modelling was used to translate in vitro diffusion to the more clinical context of tumor penetration in a solid liver tumor supplied by arterial blood.
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| 31. |
- Degerstedt, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative imaging of doxorubicin diffusion and cellular uptake in biomimetic gels with human liver tumor cells
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Novel tumor-on-a-chip approaches are increasingly used to investigate tumor progression and potential treatment options. To improve the effect of any cancer treatment it is important to have an in-depth understanding of drug diffusion, penetration across the tumor extracellular matrix and cellular uptake. In this study, we have developed a miniaturized chip where drug diffusion and cellular uptake in different hydrogel environments can be quantified at high resolution using live imaging. Diffusion of doxorubicin was reduced in a biomimetic hydrogel mimicking tissue properties of cirrhotic liver and early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (362 ± 109 µm2/s) as compared to an agarose gel (571 ± 145 µm2/s, p = 0.0085). The diffusion was further lowered to 164 ± 33 µm2/s (p = 0.0023) by preparing the biomimetic gel in cell media instead of phosphate buffered saline. The addition of liver tumor cells (Huh7 or HepG2) to the gel, at two different densities, did not significantly influence drug diffusion. Clinically relevant and quantifiable doxorubicin concentration gradients (1-20 µM) were established in the chip within one hour. Intracellular increases in doxorubicin fluorescence correlated with decreasing fluorescence of the DNA-binding stain Hoechst 33342, and based on the quantified intracellular uptake of doxorubicin an apparent cell permeability (9.00 ± 0.74 x 10-4 µm/s for HepG2) was determined.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Degerstedt, Oliver
(författare)
-
Translational Tumor Drug Delivery : Doxorubicin formulation performance, intracellular uptake and molecular diffusion
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer death. One important risk factor is liver cirrhosis and the disease progression is characterized by deposition of extracellular matrix proteins that form a fibrous network, which increases liver stiffness and may limit the effectiveness of different treatment strategies. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and its clinically relevant drug delivery systems from an in vitro perspective. The focus was on developing and using qualitative and quantitative methods to better understand formulation performance, intracellular uptake and molecular diffusion. The experimental in vitro findings were then translated to clinical scenarios using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling.The performance of clinically employed emulsion formulations containing DOX and the tumor accumulating oil Lipiodol® were evaluated in terms of their stability (Paper I). The most stable emulsion (> 72 h) was achieved when using an aqueous phase containing the contrast agent iohexol and with an aqueous to lipid phase ratio of 1:4 to assure formation of a water-in-oil emulsion. This was followed by a cell-based study (Paper II) where nanoformulated DOX was compared to DOX in solution in terms of tumor cell toxicity, intracellular DOX uptake and intracellular formation of the main active metabolite doxorubicinol (DOXol). DOX in solution was more potent in all investigated cell lines, where the most sensitive cells (HepG2) displayed IC50 values that were approximately 100 times lower than the most resistant cell line (SNU449). This was explained by the rapid intracellular uptake in HepG2 cells which was also confirmed with a complimentary miniaturized chip technique in Paper IV. In papers III and IV the focus was on molecular diffusion across biomimetic hydrogels mimicking tissue properties of cirrhotic liver and early stage HCC. The diffusion of DOX was significantly reduced in biomimetic gels as compared with more commonly used agarose gels, however the presence of human liver tumor cells did not significantly influence diffusion. Simulations using a developed PBPK and spatio-temporal tissue concentration model suggested that a liver tumor resembling SNU449 cells would not reach therapeutic exposure levels in a clinical scenario while the diffusion of DOX required further reduction by the tumor extracellular matrix in order to generate tumor concentration-time curves consistent with in vivo observations.This thesis contributes to an increased understanding of using DOX and its drug delivery systems as a treatment option for HCC. The approach of translating in vitro experimental data to clinical scenarios using modelling will grow in relevance as methods become more complex and data more bio-relevant.
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| 34. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Guan, Jikui, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical response of the novel activating ALK-I1171T mutation in neuroblastoma to the ALK inhibitor ceritinib.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 2373-2873. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumors with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) fusion rearrangements, including non-small cell lung cancer and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, are highly sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), underscoring the notion that such cancers are addicted to ALK activity. While mutations in ALK are heavily implicated in childhood neuroblastoma, response to the ALK TKI crizotinib has been disappointing. Embryonal tumors in patients with DNA repair defects such as Fanconi anemia (FA) often have a poor prognosis, due to lack of therapeutic options. Here we report a child with underlying FA and ALK mutant high-risk neuroblastoma responding strongly to precision therapy with the ALK TKI ceritinib. Conventional chemotherapy treatment caused severe, life-threatening toxicity. Genomic analysis of the initial biopsy identified germ-line FANCA mutations as well as a novel ALK-I1171T variant. ALK-I1171T generates a potent gain-of-function mutant, as measured in PC12 cell neurite outgrowth and NIH3T3 transformation. Pharmacological inhibition profiling of ALK-I1171T in response to various ALK TKIs identified an 11-fold improved inhibition of ALK-I1171T with ceritinib when compared with crizotinib. Immunoaffinity-coupled LC-MS/MS phosphoproteomics analysis indicated a decrease in ALK signaling in response to ceritinib. Ceritinib was therefore selected for treatment in this child. Mono-therapy with ceritinib was well tolerated and resulted in normalized catecholamine markers and tumor shrinkage. After 7.5 months treatment, residual primary tumor was surgically removed and exhibited hallmarks of differentiation together with reduced Ki67 levels. Clinical follow-up after 21 months treatment revealed complete clinical remission including all metastatic sites. Therefore, ceritinib presents a viable therapeutic option for ALK-positive neuroblastoma.
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| 37. |
- Hansson, Erik, 1990-
(författare)
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"Det känns fel" : Om det svenska samhällets reaktioner på närvaron av tiggande EU-medborgare, 2014-2016
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis offers a psychoanalytic critique of ideology in order to understand the Swedish society’s reactions to the presence of begging EU citizens during the period 2014 – 2016. The so-called ‘EU migrants’ are impoverished people, often from Romania, and commonly identified as Roma. The analysis is based upon empirical material consisting of media articles, interviews, social media, and auto-ethnography. The theoretical approach blends Lacanian psychoanalysis with historical-material dialectics and is inspired by the critique of ideology as formulated by Slavoj Žižek. The presence causes a multilayered crisis in Swedish society along political, juridical, moral, social, and psychic lines. This because it is a symptom of the Lacanian Real and capitalism’s contradictions. This is manifested in the contradiction embodied in the Swedish authorities’ denial of social help to ‘EU migrants’ on the one hand, while seeking on the other hand to reproduce the image of Sweden as promoting welfare and equality, solidarity, and anti-racism. The contradiction’s material base is the political deadlock between left and right regarding the labor and housing markets. Providing ‘EU migrants’ (being neither citizens nor refugees) access to welfare would risk disrupting the societal moral economy, causing political turmoil. The solution to this dilemma is to expunge ‘EU migrants’ while framing this as an act of poverty-reduction.Meanwhile, the unresolved occurrence of begging and ‘rough sleeping’ creates anxiety and provokes aggression among Swedish subjects, resulting in hate crimes and everyday racism. Poor people without shelter are forced to use public rooms as their private space, disturbing aesthetic and normative orders, which in turn is unconsciously registered as existential transgressions risking the destruction of the psychic investments of Swedes in their material surroundings.A main focus of the analysis is the anxiety triggered by the confrontation with a begging individual on the sidewalk. Due to our human empathic transitivity, the visible suffering of the ‘beggar’ becomes involuntarily experienced as suffering within the observer. Furthermore, when the subject is forced to choose whether or not to help, s/he unconsciously experiences how the Other’s desire threatens to dissolve the subject. These anxieties are typically transformed into sympathy, antipathy or apathy.
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| 38. |
- Hansson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Method and a device for production of mechanical work and cooling/heating in conjunction with a combustion machine
- 2002
-
Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A device and a method to extract mechanical energy in combination with heat and/or cooling from a combustion engine (2), to which fuel and air is fed, whereby water is added to the combustion engine's inlet air prior to combustion. The combustion engine's flue gas is fed at above-atmospheric pressure to the fist stage of a flue gas condenser, from which heat is extracted and utilized by a heat consumer and/or a sorption cycle. After condensation, the water-lean flue gas is reheated in order to avoid ice formation during the final expansion.
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| 39. |
- Hansson, Hans-Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Method for operation of a gas turbine group
- 2003
-
Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A method of operating a gas turbine power plant comprising of a first gas turbine group (10), consisting of a compressor (12) and a turbine (13) which are connected mechanically with one another, and a second gas turbine group (20), including a combustion device (35), which is placed in the gas flow stream (42, 48) between the first group's (10) compressor (12) and turbine (13), whereby the second gas turbine group (20) consists of a compressor (22), a fuel injection device (51), a combustion chamber (35) and a turbine (22), whereby the second gas turbine group's (20) compressor (22) and turbine (23) are mechanically coupled to one another and at least one of the gas turbine groups (10, 20) having a device for the extraction of work (15, 25), whereby the fact that a first flow of water and/or steam is heated with heat from the flue gas from the first group's (10) turbine (13), that further amounts of water and/or steam are heated with heat from a gas stream that is compressed by the first group's (10) compressor (12), and the produced water and/or steam is injected into the gas stream (42,48) in such amounts that at least 60% of the oxygen content of the air in the stream (42, 48) is consumed through combustion in the combustion device (35), and in that the combustion gas that is fed into the turbine (23) of the second gas turbine group (20) has a pressure in the range 50-300 bar.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hansson, Hans-Erik
(författare)
-
Vård av gravstenar
- 2002
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ska man vårda gravstenar? Kulturminneslagens 4:e kapitel 11§ säger: I vården av en begravningsplats skall dess betydelse som en del av vår kulturmiljö beaktas. Begravningsplatserna skall vårdas och underhållas så att deras kulturhistoriska värde inte minskas eller förvanskas.
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| 42. |
- Henriksson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Tools for Real-Time Control Systems Co-Design
- 2006
-
Ingår i: ARTES -- A network for Real-Time research and graduate Education in Sweden 1997--2006.
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey of four co-design tools for joint analysis, simulation, and design of computer-based control systems developed within the Swedish ARTES programme is presented. The tools allow simultaneous treatment of the control aspects and the computing and communication aspects of the control problems. The tools are Jitterbug and TrueTime developed at the Department of Automatic Control LTH, Lund University, and Aida and Xilo developed at the Division of Mechatronics, Department of Machine Elements, KTH.
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| 43. |
- Hilt, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Response of submerged macrophyte communities to external and internal restoration measures in north temperate shallow lakes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Submerged macrophytes play a key role in north temperate shallow lakes by stabilizing clear-water conditions. Eutrophication has resulted in macrophyte loss and shifts to turbid conditions in many lakes. Considerable efforts have been devoted to shallow lake restoration in many countries, but long-term success depends on a stable recovery of submerged macrophytes. However, recovery patterns vary widely and remain to be fully understood. We hypothesize that reduced external nutrient loading leads to an intermediate recovery state with clear spring and turbid summer conditions similar to the pattern described for eutrophication. In contrast, lake internal restoration measures can result in transient clear-water conditions both in spring and summer and reversals to turbid conditions. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these contrasting restoration measures result in different macrophyte species composition, with added implications for seasonal dynamics due to differences in plant traits. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed data on water quality and submerged macrophytes from 49 north temperate shallow lakes that were in a turbid state and subjected to restoration measures. To study the dynamics of macrophytes during nutrient load reduction, we adapted the ecosystem model PCLake. Our survey and model simulations revealed the existence of an intermediate recovery state upon reduced external nutrient loading, characterized by spring clear-water phases and turbid summers, whereas internal lake restoration measures often resulted in clear-water conditions in spring and summer with returns to turbid conditions after some years. External and internal lake restoration measures resulted in different macrophyte communities. The intermediate recovery state following reduced nutrient loading is characterized by a few macrophyte species (mainly pondweeds) that can resist wave action allowing survival in shallowareas, germinate early in spring, have energy-rich vegetative propagules facilitating rapid initial growth and that can complete their life cycle by early summer. Later in the growing season these plants are, according to our simulations, outcompeted by periphyton, leading to late-summer phytoplankton blooms. Internal lake restoration measures often coincide with a rapid but transient colonization by hornworts, waterweeds or charophytes. Stable clear-water conditions and a diverse macrophyte flora only occurred decades after external nutrient load reduction or when measures were combined.
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| 44. |
- Hutter, Carsten, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing nonlinearities with intermodulation spectroscopy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 104:5, s. 050801-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a method of analysis which allows for reconstructing the nonlinear disturbance of a high Q harmonic oscillator. When the oscillator is driven with two or more frequencies, the nonlinearity causes intermodulation of the drives, resulting in a complicated spectral response. Analysis of this spectrum allows one to approximate the nonlinearity. The method, which is generally applicable to measurements based on resonant detection, increases the information content of the measurement without requiring large detection bandwidth, and optimally uses the enhanced sensitivity near resonance to extract information and minimize error due to detector noise.
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| 45. |
- Karlsson, Per Erik, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Ozone concentration gradients and wind conditions in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 40:9, s. 1610-1618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ozone concentrations and wind conditions were measured at different heights above ground inside two different Norway spruce forest canopies in Sweden and compared to those outside or above the forests. Compared to high above ground outside or above the canopies, the ozone concentrations inside the Norway spruce forests were reduced 3-8% during mid-day and 10-40% during nighttime. Daylight Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold 40ppb (AOT40) was reduced 15-45% inside as compared to outside the forest. The horizontal concentration differences between inside and outside the forest were in the order of 3-4%, independently of the height above ground. The ozone concentration difference inside and outside the forest depended on the air turbulence as well as the horizontal wind speed inside the forest. It also depended on the distance to the forest edge in relation to the wind direction. The ozone concentration differences inside and outside the Norway spruce forests were explained by the differences in the rate of dry deposition in relation to the rate of replacement of ozone from higher air layers or by the horizontal wind going into the forest. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
- Kulmala, Markku, et al.
(författare)
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CO2-induced terrestrial climate feedback mechanism : From carbon sink to aerosol source and back
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Boreal environment research. - 1239-6095 .- 1797-2469. ; 19, s. 122-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feedbacks mechanisms are essential components of our climate system, as they either increase or decrease changes in climate-related quantities in the presence of external forcings. In this work, we provide the first quantitative estimate regarding the terrestrial climate feedback loop connecting the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, changes in gross primary production (GPP) associated with the carbon uptake, organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere, and transfer of both diffuse and global radiation. Our approach was to combine process-level understanding with comprehensive, long-term field measurement data set collected from a boreal forest site in southern Finland. Our best estimate of the gain in GPP resulting from the feedback is 1.3 (range 1.02-1.5), which is larger than the gains of the few atmospheric chemistry-climate feedbacks estimated using large-scale models. Our analysis demonstrates the power of using comprehensive field measurements in investigating the complicated couplings between the biosphere and atmosphere on one hand, and the need for complementary approaches relying on the combination of field data, satellite observations model simulations on the other hand.
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| 47. |
- Kulmala, M., et al.
(författare)
-
General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) - integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 11:24, s. 13061-13143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe and summarize the main achievements of the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions project (EUCAARI). EUCAARI started on 1 January 2007 and ended on 31 December 2010 leaving a rich legacy including: (a) a comprehensive database with a year of observations of the physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosol particles over Europe, (b) comprehensive aerosol measurements in four developing countries, (c) a database of airborne measurements of aerosols and clouds over Europe during May 2008, (d) comprehensive modeling tools to study aerosol processes fron nano to global scale and their effects on climate and air quality. In addition a new Pan-European aerosol emissions inventory was developed and evaluated, a new cluster spectrometer was built and tested in the field and several new aerosol parameterizations and computations modules for chemical transport and global climate models were developed and evaluated. These achievements and related studies have substantially improved our understanding and reduced the uncertainties of aerosol radiative forcing and air quality-climate interactions. The EUCAARI results can be utilized in European and global environmental policy to assess the aerosol impacts and the corresponding abatement strategies.
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| 48. |
- Kulmala, Markku, et al.
(författare)
-
Overview of the biosphere-aerosol-cloud-climate interactions (BACCI) studies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889. ; 60:3, s. 300-317
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present research methods and results obtained by the Nordic Centre of Excellence Biosphere-Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions (BACCI) between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2007. The centre formed an integrated attempt to understand multiple, but interlinked, biosphere-atmosphere interactions applying inter and multidisciplinary approaches in a coherent manner. The main objective was to study the life cycle of aerosol particles and their importance on climate change. The foundation in BACCI was a thorough understanding of physical, meteorological, chemical and ecophysiological processes, providing a unique possibility to study biosphere-aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. Continuous measurements of atmospheric concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles and precursors and, CO2/aerosol trace gas interactions in different field stations (e.g. SMEAR) were supported by models of particle thermodynamics, transport and dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, boundary layer meteorology and forest growth. The main progress was related to atmospheric new particle formation, existence of clusters, composition of nucleation mode aerosol particles, chemical precursors of fresh aerosol particles, the contribution of biogenic aerosol particles on the global aerosol load, transport, transformation and deposition of aerosol particles, thermodynamics related to aerosol particles and cloud droplets, and the microphysics and chemistry of cloud droplet formation.
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| 49. |
- Lagerqvist, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Antigliadin immunoglobulin A best in finding celiac disease in children younger than 18 months of age
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 47:4, s. 428-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate age-dependent serum levels and occurrence of elevated celiac disease (CD)-related antibodies in young children, to define the optimal serological procedure when selecting for small intestinal biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Included were 428 children with biopsy verified CD (median age 16 months; range 7.5 months-14 years) and 216 controls (median age 2.7 years; range 8.5 months-14.6 years). Immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibodies against gliadin (AGA-IgA), tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA), and endomysium (EMA-IgA) were analysed. RESULTS: Increased serum AGA-IgA levels were found in 411 of 428 CD cases, tTG-IgA in 385 of 428, and EMA-IgA in 383 of 428. In the control group, 11 of 216 had increased levels of AGA-IgA, 5 of 216 of tTG-IgA, and 8 of 216 of EMA-IgA. In CD children younger than 18 months, elevated AGA-IgA occurred in 97% and elevated tTG-IgA and EMA-IgA were found in 83% of the cases. Conversely, in CD children older than 18 months, elevated AGA-IgA occurred in 94%, and elevated tTG-IgA and EMA-IgA were found in 99% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: In children older than 18 months, both tTG-IgA and EMA-IgA are sufficiently accurate to be used as a single antibody marker, whereas a large proportion of younger children with CD lack these antibodies. Therefore, when selecting children for small intestinal biopsy, the detection of a combination of AGA-IgA and tTG-IgA is optimal for identifying untreated CD in children younger than 18 months.
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| 50. |
- Lundberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsmiljöns betydelse för ryggproblem : En systematisk litteraturöversikt
- 2014
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment (SBU) conducted a systematic literature review of research on the association between occupational exposures and back disorders. In this review, we use back disorders as an umbrella term to include the more specific terms back trouble (a subjective experience of pain, ache or discomfort in the back), symptoms of sciatica, intervertebral disc changes and diseases of the back. The report is focused on disorders of the thoracic and lumbar spine. A wide range of occupational exposures were investigated, including: physical work load, vibration, organizational and psychosocial factors, chemical and biological factors, noise, environmental factors and contagious substances.Background: Since 2011 SBU has had a mandate from the Swedish government to systematically assess the evidence associating occupational exposures to health issues. The objective of this review was to assess the scientific basis describing the influence of occupational exposures on back disorders. Back disorders are common. Between 60 and 70 percent of the general population world-wide suffer from back pain at least once in their life. For affected individuals, back disorders are the source of both suffering and decreased functioning. The costs to society are also considerable in terms of direct health care costs, financial support to individuals with work disability, as well as costs due to loss of production.Method: A systematic review was undertaken following the PRISMA statement and standard methods used by SBU adapted to an occupational context. A literature search covering years 1980 to January 2014 was conducted in international medical and occupational data bases. The review assessed almost 8 000 abstracts. Studies that fulfilled strict inclusion criteria were assessed for relevance and quality, using pre-set protocols. Relevance and quality assessments were conducted by two experts, working in an evaluation pair. After conducting independent assessments, the two experts had to agree on a mutual relevance and quality classification. Some articles required that all exporters participated in discussion and made a collective assessment. A total of 109 studies were classified as moderate or high quality, representing more than 150 000 study participants. The strength of the scientific evidence was assessed with the GRADE system.Results: There is an association between occupational exposure and back disorders. This result is based on investigations of a large variety of work environments, mainly in Europe and North America. In most studies passing the quality criteria, researchers investigated occupational exposure and back disorders in populations consisting of both women and men with at least one year of follow up.Conclusions: People in the following groups develop more back trouble over time than those who are not subjected to the specified exposure at work:– Those who work with manual handling (e.g. lift) or in a posture where the back is bent or rotated– Those who work in a kneeling or squatting posture, or have physically demanding work tasks– Those exposed to whole body vibration– Those who experience work as mentally stressful; or those who find their work demanding, but lack decision latitude (personal control of their own working situation); or those who have insufficient opportunities for personal development– Those who work outside standard office hours.In some work environments, people have less back trouble. Those who experience high influence over work-related decisions, those who get social support at work and those with high job satisfaction develop less back trouble than others.Women and men with similar occupational exposures develop back troubles to the same extent.Those who work in forward bent postures or are exposed to whole body vibration in their work develop more symptoms of sciatica than others, while those with high job satisfaction develop less such symptoms. Those whose work entails manual handling develop more intervertebral disc changes than others.This systematic literature review has uncovered a substantial body of knowledge concerning occupational exposures and back disorders. Future research should include intervention studies, i.e. studies that scientifically test the effect of well defined interventions on back disorders over extended periods of time in authentic work situations.Project groupExperts: Karin Harms-Ringdahl (Chair), Sven Ove Hanson (Ethics), Olle Hägg, Ulf Lundberg, Svend Erik Mathiasen, Gunnevi Sundelin, Magnus Svartengren, and Hans Tropp.SBU: Charlotte Hall (Project Director), Karin Stenström (Assistant Project Director), Agneta Brolund (Information Specialist), Therese Kedebring (Project Administrator), Laura Lintamo (Investigator), Maria Skogholm (Project Administrator), Lena Wallgren (Scientific Writer)Scientific reviewers: Eva Denison, Mats Hagberg, Gunnar Nemeth, Esa-Pekka Takala.
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