1. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Medium Modification of Jet Fragmentation in Au plus Au Collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV Measured in Direct Photon-Hadron Correlations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 111:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The jet fragmentation function is measured with direct photon-hadron correlations in p + p and Au + Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV. The P-T of the photon is an excellent approximation to the initial P-T of the jet and the ratio Z(T) = P-T(h)/P-T(gamma) is used as a proxy for the jet fragmentation function. A statistical subtraction is used to extract the direct photon-hadron yields in Au + Au collisions while a photon isolation cut is applied in p + p. I-AA, the ratio of hadron yield opposite the photon in Au + Au to that in p + p, indicates modification of the jet fragmentation function. Suppression, most likely due to energy loss in the medium, is seen at high Z(T). The associated hadron yield at low Z(T) is enhanced at large angles. Such a trend is expected from redistribution of the lost energy into increased production of low-momentum particles.
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2. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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gamma (1S+2S+3S) production in d plus Au and p plus p collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV and cold-nuclear-matter effects
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 87:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three gamma states, gamma (1S + 2S + 3S), are measured in d + Au and p + p collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV and rapidities 1.2 < vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.2 by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Cross sections for the inclusive gamma (1S + 2S + 3S) production are obtained. The inclusive yields per binary collision for d + Au collisions relative to those in p + p collisions (R-dAu) are found to be 0.62 +/- 0.26 (stat) +/- 0.13 (syst) in the gold-going direction and 0.91 +/- 0.33 (stat) +/- 0.16 (syst) in the deuteron-going direction. The measured results are compared to a nuclear-shadowing model, EPS09 [Eskola et al., J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2009) 065], combined with a final-state breakup cross section, sigma(br), and compared to lower energy p + A results. We also compare the results to the PHENIX J/psi results [Adare et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 142301 (2011)]. The rapidity dependence of the observed gamma suppression is consistent with lower energy p + A measurements. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.87.044909
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3. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Low-mass vector-meson production at forward rapidity in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 90:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured low-mass vector-meson ,omega, rho, and phi, production through the dimuon decay channel at forward rapidity (1.2 < vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.2) in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV. The differential cross sections for these mesons are measured as a function of both p(T) and rapidity. We also report the integrated differential cross sections over 1 < p(T) < 7 GeV/c and 1.2 < vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.2: d sigma/dy(omega + rho rho -> mu mu) = 80 +/- 6(stat) +/- 12(syst)nb and d sigma/dy(phi -> mu mu) = 27 +/- 3(stat) +/- 4(syst)nb. These results are compared with midrapidity measurements and calculations.
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4. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Cold-Nuclear-Matter Effects on Heavy-Quark Production at Forward and Backward Rapidity in d + Au Collisions at root s(NN) = GeV
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 112:25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX experiment has measured open heavy-flavor production via semileptonic decay over the transverse momentum range 1 < p(T) < 6 GeV/c at forward and backward rapidity (1.4 < vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.0) in d + Au and p + p collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. In central d + Au collisions, relative to the yield in p + p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, a suppression is observed at forward rapidity (in the d-going direction) and an enhancement at backward rapidity (in the Au-going direction). Predictions using nuclear-modified-parton-distribution functions, even with additional nuclear-p(T) broadening, cannot simultaneously reproduce the data at both rapidity ranges, which implies that these models are incomplete and suggests the possible importance of final-state interactions in the asymmetric d + Au collision system. These results can be used to probe cold-nuclear-matter effects, which may significantly affect heavy-quark production, in addition to helping constrain the magnitude of charmonia-breakup effects in nuclear matter.
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5. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Cross Section and Parity-Violating Spin Asymmetries of W-+/- Boson Production in Polarized p plus p Collisions at root s=500 Gev
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 106:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large parity-violating longitudinal single-spin asymmetries A(L)(e+) = 0.86(-0.14)(+0.30) and Ae(L)(e-) = 0.88(-0.71)(+0.12) are observed for inclusive high transverse momentum electrons and positrons in polarized p + p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 500 GeV with the PHENIX detector at RHIC. These e(+/-) come mainly from the decay of W-+/- and Z(0) bosons, and their asymmetries directly demonstrate parity violation in the couplings of the W-+/- to the light quarks. The observed electron and positron yields were used to estimate W-+/- boson production cross sections for the e(+/-) channels of sigma(pp -> W+X) X BR(W+ -> e(+) nu(e)) = 144.1 +/- 21.2(stat)(-10.3)(+3.4)(syst) +/- 21.6(norm) pb, and sigma(pp -> W-X) X BR(W- -> e(-) (nu) over bar (e)) = 3.17 +/- 12.1(stat)(-8.2)(+10.1)(syst) +/- 4.8(norm) pb.
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6. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Double-spin asymmetry of electrons from heavy-flavor decays in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 87:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the first measurement of the double-spin asymmetry, A(LL), of electrons from the decays of hadrons containing heavy flavor in longitudinally polarized p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV for p(T) = 0.5 to 3.0 GeV/c. The asymmetry was measured at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.35) with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measured asymmetries are consistent with zero within the statistical errors. We obtained a constraint for the polarized gluon distribution in the proton of vertical bar Delta g/g(log(10)(x) = -1.6(-0.4)(+0.5), mu = m(T)(c)vertical bar(2) < 0.030 (1 sigma) based on a leading-order perturbative quantum chromodynamics model, using the measured asymmetry. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.012011
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7. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Inclusive double-helicity asymmetries in neutral-pion and eta-meson production in + collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 90:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results are presented from data recorded in 2009 by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider for the double-longitudinal spin asymmetry, A(LL), for pi(0) and eta production in root s = 200 GeV polarized p + p collisions. Comparison of the pi(0) results with different theory expectations based on fits of other published data showed a preference for small positive values of gluon polarization, Delta G, in the proton in the probed Bjorken x range. The effect of adding the new 2009 pi(0) data to a recent global analysis of polarized scattering data is also shown, resulting in a best fit Delta G(DSSV)([0.05,0.2]) = 0.06(-0.15)(+0.11) in the range 0.05 < x < 0.2, with the uncertainty at Delta chi(2) = 9 when considering only statistical experimental uncertainties. Shifting the PHENIX data points by their systematic uncertainty leads to a variation of the best-fit value of Delta G(DSSV)([0.05,0.2]) between 0.02 and 0.12, demonstrating the need for full treatment of the experimental systematic uncertainties in future global analyses.
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8. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear matter effects on J/psi production in asymmetric Cu plus Au collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 90:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on J/psi production from asymmetric Cu + Au heavy-ion collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at both forward (Cu-going direction) and backward (Au-going direction) rapidities. The nuclear modification of J/psi yields in Cu + Au collisions in the Au-going direction is found to be comparable to that inAu + Au collisions when plotted as a function of the number of participating nucleons. In the Cu-going direction, J/psi production shows a stronger suppression. This difference is comparable in magnitude and has the same sign as the difference expected from shadowing effects due to stronger low-x gluon suppression in the larger Au nucleus.
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9. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of pi(0) Suppression in Au plus Au Collisions from root s(NN)=39 to 200 GeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 109:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutral-pion pi(0) spectra were measured at midrapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.35) in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 39 and 62.4 GeV and compared with earlier measurements at 200 GeV in a transverse-momentum range of 1 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c. The high-p(T) tail is well described by a power law in all cases, and the powers decrease significantly with decreasing center-of-mass energy. The change of powers is very similar to that observed in the corresponding spectra for p + p collisions. The nuclear modification factors (RAA) show significant suppression, with a distinct energy, centrality, and p(T) dependence. Above p(T) = 7 GeV/c, R-AA is similar for root sNN = 62.4 and 200 GeV at all centralities. Perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics calculations that describe R-AA well at 200 GeV fail to describe the 39 GeV data, raising the possibility that, for the same p(T) region, the relative importance of initial-state effects and soft processes increases at lower energies. The p(T) range where pi(0) spectra in central Au + Au collisions have the same power as in p + p collisions is approximate to 5 and 7 GeV/c for root sNN = 200 and 62.4 GeV, respectively. For the root sNN = 39 GeV data, it is not clear whether such a region is reached, and the x(T) dependence of the x(T)-scaling power-law exponent is very different from that observed in the root sNN = 62 and 200 GeV data, providing further evidence that initial-state effects and soft processes mask the in-medium suppression of hardscattered partons to higher p(T) as the collision energy decreases.
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10. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(författare)
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J/psi suppression at forward rapidity in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=39 and 62.4 GeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 86:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of the J/psi invariant yields in root s(NN) = 39 and 62.4 GeV Au + Au collisions at forward rapidity (1.2 < vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.2). Invariant yields are presented as a function of both collision centrality and transverse momentum. Nuclear modifications are obtained for central relative to peripheral Au + Au collisions (R-CP) and for various centrality selections in Au + Au relative to scaled p + p cross sections obtained from other measurements (R-AA). The observed suppression patterns at 39 and 62.4 GeV are quite similar to those previously measured at 200 GeV. This similar suppression presents a challenge to theoretical models that contain various competing mechanisms with different energy dependencies, some of which cause suppression and others enhancement. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.86.064901
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11. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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12. |
- Olive, K. A., et al.
(författare)
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REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 38:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters.
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13. |
- Beringer, J., et al.
(författare)
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REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 86:1, s. 010001-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, V-cb & V-ub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.
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14. |
- Meech, K. J., et al.
(författare)
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EPOXI: Comet 103P/Hartley 2 Observations from a Worldwide Campaign
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - London : IOP. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 734:L1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earth- and space-based observations provide synergistic information for space mission encounters by providing data over longer timescales, at different wavelengths and using techniques that are impossible with an in situ flyby. We report here such observations in support of the EPOXI spacecraft flyby of comet 103P/Hartley 2. The nucleus is small and dark, and exhibited a very rapidly changing rotation period. Prior to the onset of activity, the period was ~16.4?hr. Starting in 2010 August the period changed from 16.6?hr to near 19?hr in December. With respect to dust composition, most volatiles and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, the comet is similar to other Jupiter-family comets. What is unusual is the dominance of CO 2 -driven activity near perihelion, which likely persists out to aphelion. Near perihelion the comet nucleus was surrounded by a large halo of water-ice grains that contributed significantly to the total water production.
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15. |
- Forrest, ARR, et al.
(författare)
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A promoter-level mammalian expression atlas
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 507:7493, s. 462-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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18. |
- Sihver, Lembit, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Current status of the "Hybrid Kurotama model" for total reaction cross sections
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X. ; 334, s. 34-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To be able to calculate the nucleon + nucleus and nucleus + nucleus total reaction cross sections with precision is of great importance for studies of fundamental nuclear properties, e.g., the nuclear structure. This is also very important for particle and heavy ion transport calculations since in all particle and heavy ion transport codes, the probability function according to which a projectile particle will collide within a certain distance in a matter depends on the total reaction cross sections. This will also scale the calculated partial fragmentation cross sections. It is therefore crucial that accurate total reaction cross section models are used in the transport calculations. In this paper, a new general purpose total reaction cross section model/subroutine called "Hybrid Kurotama" is presented. The model has been tested against available p + He, p + nucleus, and nucleus + nucleus total reaction cross sections and an overall better agreement has been found than for earlier published models. This model is therefore very suitable to be used in any deterministic or Monte Carlo particle and heavy ion transport code.
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21. |
- Sato, T., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System PHITS
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sna + Mc 2013 - Joint International Conference on Supercomputing in Nuclear Applications + Monte Carlo. - Les Ulis, France : EDP Sciences. ; , s. article no 06018-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A general purpose Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, is being developed through the collaboration of several institutes in Japan and Europe. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is responsible for managing the entire project. PHITS can deal with the transport of nearly all particles, including neutrons, protons, heavy ions, photons, and electrons, over wide energy ranges using various nuclear reaction models and data libraries. It is written in Fortran language and can be executed on almost all computers. All components of PHITS such as its source, executable and data-library files are assembled in one package and then distributed to many countries via the Research organization for Information Science and Technology, the Data Bank of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Nuclear Energy Agency, and the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center. More than 1,000 researchers have been registered as PHITS users, and they apply the code to various research and development fields such as nuclear technology, accelerator design, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research. This paper briefly summarizes the physics models implemented in PHITS, and introduces some important functions useful for specific applications, such as an event generator mode and beam transport functions.
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22. |
- Sato, T., et al.
(författare)
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Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS, version 2.52
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-3131 .- 1881-1248. ; 50:9, s. 913-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An upgraded version of the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, PHITS2.52, was developed and released to the public. The new version has been greatly improved from the previously released version, PHITS2.24, in terms of not only the code itself but also the contents of its package, such as the attached data libraries. In the new version, a higher accuracy of simulation was achieved by implementing several latest nuclear reaction models. The reliability of the simulation was improved by modifying both the algorithms for the electron-, positron-, and photon-transport simulations and the procedure for calculating the statistical uncertainties of the tally results. Estimation of the time evolution of radioactivity became feasible by incorporating the activation calculation program DCHAIN-SP into the new package. The efficiency of the simulation was also improved as a result of the implementation of shared-memory parallelization and the optimization of several time-consuming algorithms. Furthermore, a number of new user-support tools and functions that help users to intuitively and effectively perform PHITS simulations were developed and incorporated. Due to these improvements, PHITS is now a more powerful tool for particle transport simulation applicable to various research and development fields, such as nuclear technology, accelerator design, medical physics, and cosmic-ray research.
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32. |
- Oji, Vinzenz, et al.
(författare)
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Revised nomenclature and classification of inherited ichthyoses : Results of the First Ichthyosis Consensus Conference in Sorèze 2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Journal of American Academy of Dermatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-9622 .- 1097-6787. ; 63:4, s. 607-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inherited ichthyoses belong to a large, clinically and etiologically heterogeneous group of mendelian disorders of cornification, typically involving the entire integument. Over the recent years, much progress has been made defining their molecular causes. However, there is no internationally accepted classification and terminology. OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish a consensus for the nomenclature and classification of inherited ichthyoses. METHODS: The classification project started at the First World Conference on Ichthyosis in 2007. A large international network of expert clinicians, skin pathologists, and geneticists entertained an interactive dialogue over 2 years, eventually leading to the First Ichthyosis Consensus Conference held in Sorèze, France, on January 23 and 24, 2009, where subcommittees on different issues proposed terminology that was debated until consensus was reached. RESULTS: It was agreed that currently the nosology should remain clinically based. "Syndromic" versus "nonsyndromic" forms provide a useful major subdivision. Several clinical terms and controversial disease names have been redefined: eg, the group caused by keratin mutations is referred to by the umbrella term, "keratinopathic ichthyosis"-under which are included epidermolytic ichthyosis, superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis, and ichthyosis Curth-Macklin. "Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis" is proposed as an umbrella term for the harlequin ichthyosis, lamellar ichthyosis, and the congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma group. LIMITATIONS: As more becomes known about these diseases in the future, modifications will be needed. CONCLUSION: We have achieved an international consensus for the classification of inherited ichthyosis that should be useful for all clinicians and can serve as reference point for future research.
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33. |
- Sihver, Lembit, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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PHITS - Applications to radiation biology and radiotherapy
- 2013
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Ingår i: 13th International Varenna Conference on Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms, NRM 2012. - 2078-8835. - 9789290833826 ; , s. 497-502
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PHITS is a 3-dimensional general-purpose Monte Carlo code, which can transport of all varieties of hadrons and heavy ions with energies up to around 100 GeV/nucleon. To be able to estimate the biological damage from neutrons with PUTTS, a feature has been included to treat low energy neutron collisions as "events" which means that the energy and momentum is conserved in each event and makes it possible to extract the kinetic energy distributions of all the residual nuclei without using any local approximation. To estimate the direct biological effects of radiation, mathematical functions, for calculating the microdosmetric probability densities in macroscopic material, have been incorporated in PUTTS. This makes it possible to instantaneously calculate the probability densities of lineal and specific energies around the trajectories of high energetic charged particle tracks. A method for estimating the biological dose has also been established by using the improved PUTTS coupled to a microdosimetric kinetic model.
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35. |
- Solis, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an Anthropomorphic Saxophone-Playing Robot
- 2010
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Ingår i: Brain, Body and Machine Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Occasion of the 25th Anniversary of Mcgill University Centre for Intelligent Machines. - Heidelberg, Berlin Germany : Springer-Verlag. - 9783642162596 ; , s. 175-186
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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