| 1. |
- Acharya, B. S., et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the CTA concept
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 43, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Actis, M., et al.
(författare)
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Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA : an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 32:3, s. 193-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jacobs, Kevin B, et al.
(författare)
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Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - New York : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:6, s. 651-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide association studies, we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. We observed mosaic abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of >2 Mb in size in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%), with abnormal cell proportions of between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, frequency increased with age, from 0.23% under 50 years to 1.91% between 75 and 79 years (P = 4.8 × 10(-8)). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals; odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; P = 0.016), with stronger association with cases who had DNA collected before diagnosis or treatment (OR = 1.45; P = 0.0005). Detectable mosaicism was also more common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least 1 year before diagnosis with leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR = 35.4; P = 3.8 × 10(-11)). These findings underscore the time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and potentially other late-onset diseases.
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| 7. |
- Spada, C., et al.
(författare)
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Colon capsule endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
- 2012
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Ingår i: Endoscopy. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1438-8812 .- 0013-726X. ; 44:5, s. 527-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PillCam colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is an innovative noninvasive, and painless ingestible capsule technique that allows exploration of the colon without the need for sedation and gas insufflation. Although it is already available in European and other countries, the clinical indications for CCE as well as the reporting and work-up of detected findings have not yet been standardized. The aim of this evidence-based and consensus-based guideline, commissioned by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) is to furnish healthcare providers with a comprehensive framework for potential implementation of this technique in a clinical setting.
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| 8. |
- Spada, C., et al.
(författare)
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Kolonkapselendoskopie: Leitlinie der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Gastrointestinale Endoskopie
- 2012
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Ingår i: Endoskopie Heute. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0933-811X .- 1439-2577. ; 25:2, s. 145-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PillCam colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is an innovative noninvasive, and painless ingestible capsule technique that allows exploration of the colon without the need for sedation and gas insufflation. Although it is already available in European and other countries, the clinical indications for CCE as well as the reporting and workup of detected findings have not yet been standardized. The aim of this evidence-based and consensus-based guideline, commissioned by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) is to furnish healthcare providers with a comprehensive framework for potential implementation of this technique in a clinical setting.
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| 9. |
- Wang, Haidong, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 384:9947, s. 957-979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success.METHODS: We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29 000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints. We used Gaussian process regression with adjustments for bias and non-sampling error to synthesise the data for under-5 mortality for each country, and a separate model to estimate mortality for more detailed age groups. We used explanatory mixed effects regression models to assess the association between under-5 mortality and income per person, maternal education, HIV child death rates, secular shifts, and other factors. To quantify the contribution of these different factors and birth numbers to the change in numbers of deaths in under-5 age groups from 1990 to 2013, we used Shapley decomposition. We used estimated rates of change between 2000 and 2013 to construct under-5 mortality rate scenarios out to 2030.FINDINGS: We estimated that 6·3 million (95% UI 6·0-6·6) children under-5 died in 2013, a 64% reduction from 17·6 million (17·1-18·1) in 1970. In 2013, child mortality rates ranged from 152·5 per 1000 livebirths (130·6-177·4) in Guinea-Bissau to 2·3 (1·8-2·9) per 1000 in Singapore. The annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2013 ranged from -6·8% to 0·1%. 99 of 188 countries, including 43 of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, had faster decreases in child mortality during 2000-13 than during 1990-2000. In 2013, neonatal deaths accounted for 41·6% of under-5 deaths compared with 37·4% in 1990. Compared with 1990, in 2013, rising numbers of births, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, led to 1·4 million more child deaths, and rising income per person and maternal education led to 0·9 million and 2·2 million fewer deaths, respectively. Changes in secular trends led to 4·2 million fewer deaths. Unexplained factors accounted for only -1% of the change in child deaths. In 30 developing countries, decreases since 2000 have been faster than predicted attributable to income, education, and secular shift alone.INTERPRETATION: Only 27 developing countries are expected to achieve MDG 4. Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Declaration and increased development assistance for health might have been a factor in faster decreases in some developing countries. Without further accelerated progress, many countries in west and central Africa will still have high levels of under-5 mortality in 2030.
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| 10. |
- Doro, M., et al.
(författare)
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Dark matter and fundamental physics with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 43, s. 189-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a project for a next-generation observatory for very high energy (GeV-TeV) ground-based gamma-ray astronomy, currently in its design phase, and foreseen to be operative a few years from now. Several tens of telescopes of 2-3 different sizes, distributed over a large area, will allow for a sensitivity about a factor 10 better than current instruments such as H.E.S.S, MAGIC and VERITAS, an energy coverage from a few tens of GeV to several tens of TeV, and a field of view of up to 10 degrees. In the following study, we investigate the prospects for CIA to study several science questions that can profoundly influence our current knowledge of fundamental physics. Based on conservative assumptions for the performance of the different CTA telescope configurations currently under discussion, we employ a Monte Carlo based approach to evaluate the prospects for detection and characterisation of new physics with the array. First, we discuss cm prospects for cold dark matter searches, following different observational strategies: in dwarf satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, which are virtually void of astrophysical background and have a relatively well known dark matter density; in the region close to the Galactic Centre, where the dark matter density is expected to be large while the astrophysical background due to the Galactic Centre can be excluded; and in clusters of galaxies, where the intrinsic flux may be boosted significantly by the large number of halo substructures. The possible search for spatial signatures, facilitated by the larger field of view of CIA, is also discussed. Next we consider searches for axion-like particles which, besides being possible candidates for dark matter may also explain the unexpectedly low absorption by extragalactic background light of gamma-rays from very distant blazars. We establish the axion mass range CIA could probe through observation of long-lasting flares in distant sources. Simulated light-curves of flaring sources are also used to determine the sensitivity to violations of Lorentz invariance by detection of the possible delay between the arrival times of photons at different energies. Finally, we mention searches for other exotic physics with CTA.
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| 11. |
- Petersen, Gloria M, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association study identifies pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 13q22.1, 1q32.1 and 5p15.33
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:3, s. 224-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a genome-wide association study of pancreatic cancer in 3,851 affected individuals (cases) and 3,934 unaffected controls drawn from 12 prospective cohort studies and 8 case-control studies. Based on a logistic regression model for genotype trend effect that was adjusted for study, age, sex, self-described ancestry and five principal components, we identified eight SNPs that map to three loci on chromosomes 13q22.1, 1q32.1 and 5p15.33. Two correlated SNPs, rs9543325 (P = 3.27 x 10(-11), per-allele odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.18-1.35) and rs9564966 (P = 5.86 x 10(-8), per-allele OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13-1.30), map to a nongenic region on chromosome 13q22.1. Five SNPs on 1q32.1 map to NR5A2, and the strongest signal was at rs3790844 (P = 2.45 x 10(-10), per-allele OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.71-0.84). A single SNP, rs401681 (P = 3.66 x 10(-7), per-allele OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.27), maps to the CLPTM1L-TERT locus on 5p15.33, which is associated with multiple cancers. Our study has identified common susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer that warrant follow-up studies.
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| 12. |
- Batool, S S., et al.
(författare)
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Comparative Analysis of Ti, Ni, and Au Electrodes on Characteristics of TiO2 Nanofibers for Humidity Sensor Application
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science & Technology. - : Elsevier. - 1005-0302. ; 29:5, s. 411-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of metal (Ti, Ni, and Au) electrodes on humidity sensing properties of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers was investigated in this work. The devices were fabricated by evaporating metal contacts on SiO2 layer thermally grown on silicon substrate. The separation between the electrodes was 90 mm for all sensors. The sensors were tested from 40% to 90% relative humidity (RH) by AC electrical characterization at room temperature. When sensors are switched between 40% and 90% RH, the corresponding response and recovery time are 3 s and 5 s for Ti-electrode sensor, 4 s and 7 s for Ni-electrode sensor, and 7 s and 13 s for Au-electrode sensor. The hysteresis was 3%, 5% and 15% for Ti-, Ni-, and Au-electrode sensor, respectively. The sensitivity of Ti, Ni, and Au-electrode sensors are 7.53 M Omega/% RH, 5.29 MU/% RH and 4.01 M Omega/% RH respectively at 100 Hz. Therefore Ti-electrode sensor is found to have linear response, fast response and recovery time and higher sensitivity as compared with those of Ni- and Au-electrode sensors. Comparison of humidity sensing properties of sensors with different electrode material may propose a compelling route for designing and optimizing humidity sensors.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Wolpin, Brian M., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:9, s. 994-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed a multistage genome-wide association study including 7,683 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 14,397 controls of European descent. Four new loci reached genome-wide significance: rs6971499 at 7q32.3 (LINC-PINT, per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-0.84, P = 3.0 x 10(-12)), rs7190458 at 16q23.1 (BCAR1/CTRB1/CTRB2, OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.30-1.65, P = 1.1 x 10(-10)), rs9581943 at 13q12.2 (PDX1, OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.20, P = 2.4 x 10(-9)) and rs16986825 at 22q12.1 (ZNRF3, OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.12-1.25, P = 1.2 x 10(-8)). We identified an independent signal in exon 2 of TERT at the established region 5p15.33 (rs2736098, OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.76-0.85, P = 9.8 x 10(-14)). We also identified a locus at 8q24.21 (rs1561927, P = 1.3 x 10(-7)) that approached genome-wide significance located 455 kb telomeric of PVT1. Our study identified multiple new susceptibility alleles for pancreatic cancer that are worthy of follow-up studies.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Al Hashmi, S., et al.
(författare)
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Omega-3 from fish oil augments GVHD through the enhancement of chemotherapy conditioning regimen and selective FoxP3 depletion
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bone Marrow Transplantation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0268-3369 .- 1476-5365. ; 48:6, s. 843-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Omega-3 is known to enhance the effects of several chemotherapeutic agents and to exert several immunoregulatory actions In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a 21-day feeding regimen with omega-3-rich fish oil (FO) and its corresponding control, omega-6 rich corn oil (CO), on the BU-CY conditioning and the development of GVHD after BMT in mice. Before conditioning, FO, but not CO, feeding caused a significant attenuation in the number and functionality of splenic FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Treg). FO feeding also enhanced the effects of the conditioning through severe depletion of Treg cells in the spleen and CD11b+ myeloid cells in both the BM and spleen. Consequently, FO-fed animals conditioned with BU-CY showed exacerbated GVHD following transplantation with allogeneic BM and splenic cells. In contrast, identical transplantation in CO-fed mice resulted in poor engraftment and body weight loss. Moreover, in standard-fed recipients, BMT with cells from FO-fed donors resulted in moderate GVHD and improved the survival time, whereas BMT with cells from CO-fed donors shortened the survival time and caused anemia. We conclude that food supplements should be considered in patients undergoing BMT and/or chemotherapy treatment.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hosseini, S. M. Hassan, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of Partial Discharge in Transformer Winding by Multi-Conductor Transmission Line Model
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Review of Electrical Engineering. - 1827-6660 .- 2533-2244. ; 7:2, s. 3926-3934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To locate accurately the occurrence of a partial discharge in a power transformer winding, a wide frequency band model of the winding is required. In this paper a wide frequency band Multi Conductor Transmission Line model (MTL) is employed to simulate the propagation of PD signal in transformer windings. The MTL model is briefly reviewed and the related equations of the model are reformulated to easily simulate occurrence of a PD signal along the winding. Software is developed in Matlab to calculate the windings resonance frequencies and the magnitudes of over-voltages occurring between different disks along the winding. Then propagation of PD signal in a power transformer (900MVA, 525kV), is simulated using the (MTL) model with frequency dependent parameters. Also this method is employed to model the laboratory transformer winding.
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| 21. |
- Jamil, Hira, et al.
(författare)
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Electrospun titanium dioxide nanofiber humidity sensors with high sensitivity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 38:3, s. 2437-2441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Titanium dioxide nanofibers were synthesized using electrospinning technique. The nanofibers were porous with an average diameter and length of similar to 150 nm and 200 p,m, respectively. Humidity-sensing devices were fabricated by lithographically defined aluminum electrodes on top of the nanofibers deposited on silicon dioxide grown thermally on a silicon substrate. The performance of a TiO2 nanofiber humidity sensor was tested by AC and DC electrical measurements at 40-90% relative humidity. The response and the recovery time were 1 s and 4 s, respectively, between 40% and 90% relative humidity. The sensitivity of the TiO2 humidity sensor in the range of 40-90% RH was 150 M Omega/%RH and 20 M Omega/%RH at 10 Hz and 100 Hz, respectively. The excellent sensing characteristics are attributed to the porous nature and the small diameter of the nanofibers.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Khalil, Eltahir A G, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and efficacy of single dose versus multiple doses of AmBisome for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa : a randomised trial.
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 8:1, s. e2613-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anti-leishmanial drug regimens that include a single dose AmBisome could be suitable for eastern African patients with symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) but the appropriate single dose is unknown.METHODOLOGY: A multi-centre, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial with an adaptive design, was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of a single dose and multiple doses of AmBisome for the treatment of VL in eastern Africa. The primary efficacy endpoint was definitive cure (DC) at 6 months. Symptomatic patients with parasitologically-confirmed, non-severe VL, received a single dose of AmBisome 7.5 mg/kg body weight or multiple doses, 7 times 3 mg/kg on days 1-5, 14, and 21. If interim analyses, evaluated 30 days after the start of treatment following 40 or 80 patients, showed the single dose gave significantly poorer parasite clearance than multiple doses at the 5% significance level, the single dose was increased by 2·5 mg/kg. In a sub-set of patients, parasite clearance was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT) PCR.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The trial was terminated after the third interim analysis because of low efficacy of both regimens. Based on the intention-to-treat population, DC was 85% (95%CI 73-93%), 40% (95%CI 19-64%), and 58% (95%CI 41-73%) in patients treated with multiple doses (n = 63), and single doses of 7·5 (n = 21) or 10 mg/kg (n = 40), respectively. qRT-PCR suggested superior parasite clearance with multiple doses as early as day 3. Safety data accorded with the drug label.CONCLUSIONS: The tested AmBisome regimens would not be suitable for VL treatment across eastern Africa. An optimal single dose regimen was not identified.TRIALS REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.govNCT00832208.
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| 24. |
- Klein, Alison P., et al.
(författare)
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An absolute risk model to identify individuals at elevated risk for pancreatic cancer in the general population.
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We developed an absolute risk model to identify individuals in the general population at elevated risk of pancreatic cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using data on 3,349 cases and 3,654 controls from the PanScan Consortium, we developed a relative risk model for men and women of European ancestry based on non-genetic and genetic risk factors for pancreatic cancer. We estimated absolute risks based on these relative risks and population incidence rates.RESULTS: Our risk model included current smoking (multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval: 2.20 [1.84-2.62]), heavy alcohol use (>3 drinks/day) (OR: 1.45 [1.19-1.76]), obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m(2)) (OR: 1.26 [1.09-1.45]), diabetes >3 years (nested case-control OR: 1.57 [1.13-2.18], case-control OR: 1.80 [1.40-2.32]), family history of pancreatic cancer (OR: 1.60 [1.20-2.12]), non-O ABO genotype (AO vs. OO genotype) (OR: 1.23 [1.10-1.37]) to (BB vs. OO genotype) (OR 1.58 [0.97-2.59]), rs3790844(chr1q32.1) (OR: 1.29 [1.19-1.40]), rs401681(5p15.33) (OR: 1.18 [1.10-1.26]) and rs9543325(13q22.1) (OR: 1.27 [1.18-1.36]). The areas under the ROC curve for risk models including only non-genetic factors, only genetic factors, and both non-genetic and genetic factors were 58%, 57% and 61%, respectively. We estimate that fewer than 3/1,000 U.S. non-Hispanic whites have more than a 5% predicted lifetime absolute risk.CONCLUSION: Although absolute risk modeling using established risk factors may help to identify a group of individuals at higher than average risk of pancreatic cancer, the immediate clinical utility of our model is limited. However, a risk model can increase awareness of the various risk factors for pancreatic cancer, including modifiable behaviors.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Yusuf, S. N. F., et al.
(författare)
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Phthaloylchitosan-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemistry. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-9071 .- 2090-9063. ; 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phthaloylchitosan-based gel polymer electrolytes were prepared with tetrapropylammonium iodide, Pr 4 NI, as the salt and optimized for conductivity. The electrolyte with the composition of 15.7 wt.% phthaloylchitosan, 31.7 wt.% ethylene carbonate (EC), 3.17wt.% propylene carbonate (PC), 19.0 wt.% of Pr 4 NI, and 1.9wt.% iodine exhibits the highest room temperature ionic conductivity of 5.27 x 10 -3 S cm -1. The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) fabricated with this electrolyte exhibits an efficiency of 3.5% with.. SC of 7.38mAcm -2,.. OC of 0.72V, and fill factor of 0.66. When various amounts of lithium iodide (LiI) were added to the optimized gel electrolyte, the overall conductivity is observed to decrease. However, the efficiency of the DSSC increases to a maximum value of 3.71% when salt ratio of Pr 4 NI : LiI is 2 : 1. This cell has.. SC,.. OC and fill factor of 7.25mAcm -2, 0.77V and 0.67, respectively.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Bjorkman, A, et al.
(författare)
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Zanzibar: towards malaria elimination?
- 2011
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Ingår i: TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH. - 1360-2276. ; 16, s. 119-119
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Hamed Abd El Mageed, Yasser, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of heavy metals pollution and microbial contamination in water, sediments and fish of Lake Manzala, Egypt
- 2013
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Ingår i: Life Science Journal: Acta Zhengzhou University Overseas Edition. - 1097-8135. ; 10:1, s. 86-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to assess the heavy metals pollution and microbial contamination in water, sediments and fish of Lake Manzala and study the direct and indirect effect for disposal of waste water, industrial and agricultural drainage water into the lake on the environmental situation. Samples were collected from four different sites in the lake and one site in the drain. The selected sites are exposed to direct and indirect industrial, municipal waste water and agricultural drainage disposals. A site near the connection between the lake and the sea was chosen as a possible unpolluted site to compare. Three water samples and one sediment sample were collected monthly from each site for thirteen months. Fish samples (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected randomly for eight months from different sites of the lake. Water salinity and pH values were measured to each site. Water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed for the concentration of five major heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu), and two groups of bacteria (Total viable bacteria TVB - faecal coliform bacteria FCB). Results show that all the water and sediment samples were collected from five sites contain different concentration of the five tested heavy metals. The highly polluted site with Zn, Pb, Cu in sediment was found in the drain as a result of the industrial disposal. The highly polluted site with Zn and Cu in water and Cd in sediment was found in site near the industrial area as a result of direct disposal of factories nearby. Although the site near the connection between the sea and the lake was assumed to be the purest site, It was found contained a maximum concentration of Pb in water. It is possibly due to the disposal from a new natural gas factories located near this area. All the five sites were contaminated with high rate of TVB and FCB in water which is an indicator of untreated waste water which spilled directly or indirectly to the lake. The most alarming result was found when analyzing fish; all the fish samples were contaminated on surface and internally with very high amounts of TVB and FCB at gill and intestine. Fish samples also had high concentrations of analyzed heavy metals at their flesh. The mean calculated value of Pb was high up to 38 times than the allowed permissible concentration. This confirms that lake fish is highly polluted and dangerous for human health.
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| 37. |
- Hassan, M, et al.
(författare)
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Hematologic malignancies in elderly patients
- 2014
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 99:7, s. 1124-1127
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 38. |
- Hassan, Mohammad L., et al.
(författare)
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Improving cellulose/polypropylene nanocomposites properties with chemical modified bagasse nanofibers and maleated polypropylene
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of reinforced plastics and composites (Print). - : SAGE Publications. - 0731-6844 .- 1530-7964. ; 33:1, s. 26-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The properties of cellulose/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with n-octadecyl-modified bagasse nanofibers (MBNF) were compared to those with maleated polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent. The nanocomposites were prepared by twin-screw extrusion with bagasse nanofiber (BNF) content varying from 2.5 to 10 wt%. The compression molded nanocomposites sheets were characterized regarding their tensile strength properties, dynamic mechanical thermal properties, crystallinity, water absorption, transparency and loss of strength due to composting in soil. As a compatibilizer to improve the tensile strength properties and transparency of PP/cellulose nanofibers nanocomposites, MAPP was more effective than n-octadecyl-modified cellulose nanofibers. The crystallinity of the nanocomposites was lower than that of neat PP except for those prepared using high loading of MBNF. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) of the prepared materials showed that adding the different nanofibers (treated or untreated) resulted in better mechanical thermal properties above glass transition temperature (Tg) of PP. Water absorption capability in all nanocomposites was weakened while that in PP/MBNF was the lowest. No significant differences were found between the nanocomposites with different kinds of nanofibers regarding the loss of their tensile strength after compositing in soil up to six months.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Jafri, S. Hassan M., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of a nanoparticle bridge platform for molecular electronics measurements
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 21:43, s. 435204-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination of electron beam lithography, photolithography and focused ion beam milling was used to create a nanogap platform, which was bridged by gold nanoparticles in order to make electrical measurements and assess the platform under ambient conditions. Non-functionalized electrodes were tested to determine the intrinsic response of the platform and it was found that creating devices in ambient conditions requires careful cleaning and awareness of the contributions contaminants may make to measurements. The platform was then used to make measurements on octanethiol (OT) and biphenyldithiol (BPDT) molecules by functionalizing the nanoelectrodes with the molecules prior to bridging the nanogap with nanoparticles. Measurements on OT show that it is possible to make measurements on relatively small numbers of molecules, but that a large variation in response can be expected when one of the metal-molecule junctions is physisorbed, which was partially explained by attachment of OT molecules to different sites on the surface of the Au electrode using a density functional theory calculation. On the other hand, when dealing with BPDT, high yields for device creation are very difficult to achieve under ambient conditions. Significant hysteresis in the I-V curves of BPDT was also observed, which was attributed primarily to voltage induced changes at the interface between the molecule and the metal.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Kashif, M., et al.
(författare)
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Morphological, optical, and Raman characteristics of ZnO nanoflakes prepared via a sol-gel method
- 2012
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Ingår i: PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag Berlin. - 1862-6300. ; 209:1, s. 143-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) ZnO nanoflakes were grown on thin aluminum layer, deposited on silicon substrate, using a sol-gel method. The surface morphologies of ZnO nanoflakes at different precursor concentrations were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Combined studies of SEM, photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectroscopy suggested that nanorods started to grow along with nanoflakes at a precursor concentration of 0.05 M and the density of the nanorods significantly increased when the concentration was raised to 0.075 M. Both the UV-luminescence and Raman spectra were intensified and redshifted with the increment of precursor concentration. Spectral intensification suggests improvement in crystal qualities and better optical properties of the fabricated ZnO nanostructures. The structural defects at lower levels of precursor were probably due to the hypoxic environment, whereas, the redshift of PL and Raman spectra was due to the local heating of ZnO nanocrystals.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Lansford, Jennifer E., et al.
(författare)
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Boys' and Girls' Relational and Physical Aggression in Nine Countries
- 2012
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Ingår i: Aggressive Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 38:4, s. 298-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distinguishing between relational and physical aggression has become a key feature of many developmental studies in North America and Western Europe, but very little information is available on relational and physical aggression in more diverse cultural contexts. This study examined the factor structure of, associations between, and gender differences in relational and physical aggression in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. Children ages 7-10 years (N = 1,410) reported on their relationally and physically aggressive behavior. Relational and physical aggression shared a common factor structure across countries. In all nine countries, relational and physical aggression were significantly correlated (average r = .49). Countries differed in the mean levels of both relational and physical aggression that children reported using and with respect to whether children reported using more physical than relational aggression or more relational than physical aggression. Boys reported being more physically aggressive than girls across all nine countries; no consistent gender differences emerged in relational aggression. Despite mean-level differences in relational and physical aggression across countries, the findings provided support for cross-country similarities in associations between relational and physical aggression as well as links between gender and aggression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 45. |
- Mansour, A., et al.
(författare)
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Diarrhea Burden Due to Natural Infection with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in a Birth Cohort in a Rural Egyptian Community
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 52:7, s. 2595-2603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is commonly associated with diarrhea in Egyptian children. Children less than 3 years old in Abu Homos, Egypt, had approximately five diarrheal episodes per child every year, and at least one of these episodes was due to ETEC. The epidemiology of ETEC diarrhea among children living in a rural Egyptian community was further evaluated in this study. Between January 2004 and April 2007, 348 neonates were enrolled and followed for 2 years. Children were visited twice weekly, and a stool sample was obtained every 2 weeks regardless of symptomatology. A stool sample was obtained whenever a child had diarrhea. From the routine stool culture, five E. coli-like colonies were selected and screened for heat-labile and heat-stable toxins by GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and further typed for colonization factor antigens by dot blot assay. Incidence of ETEC infection was estimated among children with diarrhea (symptomatic) and without diarrhea (asymptomatic). Incidence of diarrhea and ETEC-associated diarrhea was 7.8 and 1.48 per child-year, respectively. High risk of repeated ETEC diarrhea was associated with being over 6 months of age, warm season, male gender, and crowded sleeping conditions. Exclusive breast-feeding was protective for repeated ETEC infection. ETEC-associated diarrhea remains common among children living in the Nile Delta. The protective role of breast-feeding demonstrates the importance of promoting exclusive breast-feeding during, at least, the first 6 months of life.
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| 46. |
- Mansour, A., et al.
(författare)
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Pathogenicity and Phenotypic Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolates from a Birth Cohort of Children in Rural Egypt
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 52:2, s. 587-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) has consistently been the predominant bacterial cause of diarrhea in many birth cohort-and hospital-based studies conducted in Egypt. We evaluated the pathogenicity of ETEC isolates in a birth cohort of children living in a rural community in Egypt. Between 2004 and 2007, we enrolled and followed 348 children starting at birth until their second year of life. A stool sample and two rectal swabs were collected from children during twice-weekly visits when they presented with diarrhea and were collected every 2 weeks if no diarrhea was reported. From routine stool cultures, five E. coli-like colonies were screened for ETEC enterotoxins using a GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The isolates were screened against a panel of 12 colonization factor antigens (CFAs) by a dot blot assay. A nested case-control study evaluated the association between initial or repeat excretion of ETEC and the occurrences of diarrhea. The pathogenicity of ETEC was estimated in symptomatic children compared to that in asymptomatic controls. ETEC was significantly associated with diarrhea (crude odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 to 1.52). The distribution of ETEC enterotoxins varied between the symptomatic children (44.2% heat-labile toxin [LT], 38.5% heat-stable toxin [ST], and 17.3% LT/ST) and asymptomatic children (55.5% LT, 34.6% ST, and 9.9% LT/ST) (P < 0.001). The CFAs CFA/I (n = 61), CS3 (n = 8), CS1 plus CS3 (n = 24), CS2 plus CS3 (n = 18), CS6 (n = 45), CS5 plus CS6 (n = 11), CS7 (n = 25), and CS14 (n = 32) were frequently detected in symptomatic children, while CS6 (n = 66), CS12 (n = 51), CFA/I (n = 43), and CS14 (n = 20) were detected at higher frequencies among asymptomatic children. While all toxin phenotypes were associated with diarrheal disease after the initial exposure, only ST and LT/ST-expressing ETEC isolates (P < 0.0001) were associated with disease in repeat infections. The role of enterotoxins and pathogenicity during repeat ETEC infections appears to be variable and dependent on the coexpression of specific CFAs.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Neumann, Ariane, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Role of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in the Protection of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps against Degradation by Bacterial Nucleases
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Innate Immunity. - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-811X .- 1662-8128. ; 6:6, s. 860-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as a fundamental innate immune defence mechanism. They consist of a nuclear DNA backbone associated with different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are able to engulf and kill pathogens. The AMP LL-37, a member of the cathelicidin family, is highly present in NETs. However, the function of LL-37 within NETs is still unknown because it loses its antimicrobial activity when bound to DNA in the NETs. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that NETs treated with LL-37 are distinctly more resistant to S. aureus nuclease degradation than nontreated NETs. Biochemical assays utilising a random LL-37-fragment library indicated that the blocking effect of LL-37 on nuclease activity is based on the cationic character of the AMP, which facilitates the binding to neutrophil DNA, thus protecting it from degradation by the nuclease. In good correlation to these data, the cationic AMPs human beta defensin-3 and human neutrophil peptide-1 showed similar protection of neutrophil-derived DNA against nuclease degradation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a novel role of AMPs in host immune defence: beside its direct antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, cationic AMPs can stabilise neutrophil-derived DNA or NETs against bacterial nuclease degradation. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Saager, Rolf B., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative near infrared spectroscopic analysis of Q-Switched Nd:YAG treatment of generalized argyria
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0196-8092 .- 1096-9101. ; 45:1, s. 15-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and ObjectiveGeneralized argyria is a blue‐gray hyperpigmentation of the skin resulting from ingestion or application of silver compounds, such as silver colloid. Case reports have noted improvement after Q‐Switched Neodymium–Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser (1,064 nm QS Nd:YAG) laser treatment to small surface areas. No reports have objectively monitored laser treatment of generalized argyria over large areas of skin, nor have long‐term outcomes been evaluated.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAn incremental treatment plan was developed for a subject suffering from argyria. A quantitative near infrared spectroscopic measurement technique was employed to non‐invasively analyze tissue‐pigment characteristics pre‐ and post‐laser treatment. Post‐treatment measurements were collected at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, and again at 1 year.ResultsImmediate apparent removal of pigment was observed with 1 Q‐switched 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment (3–6 mm spot; 0.8–2 J/cm2) per area. Entire face, neck, upper chest, and arms were treated over multiple sessions. Treatments were very painful and general anesthesia was utilized in order to treat large areas. Near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize and quantify the concentration of silver particles in the dermis based on the absorption features of the silver particles as well as the optical scattering effects they impart. We were able to estimate that there was, on average, 0.042 mg/ml concentration of silver prior to treatment and that these levels went below the minimum detectable limit of the instrument post‐treatment. There was no recurrence of discoloration over the 1‐year study period.ConclusionQS 1,064 nm laser treatment of argyria is a viable method to restore normal skin pigmentation with no evidence of recurrence over study period. Quantitative spectroscopic measurements: (1) confirmed dyspigmentation was due to silver, (2) validated our clinical assessment of no recurrence up to 1‐year post‐treatment, and (3) indicated no collateral tissue damage with treatments. Lasers Surg. Med. 45: 15–21, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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