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- Walum, Hasse, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in the oxytocin receptor gene is associated with pair-bonding and social behavior
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - New York, USA : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 71:5, s. 419-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In specific vole and primate species the neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in the regulation of pair-bonding behavior. Here we investigate the extent to which genetic variants in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with pair-bonding and related social behaviors in humans.Methods: We first genotyped twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TOSS (Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden) (n = 2309) and the TCHAD (Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development) (n = 1240), comprising measures of self-reported pair-bonding behavior. In the TOSS sample we further investigated one of the SNPs for measures of marital status and quality. Moreover, in the TCHAD sample we explored the longitudinal relationship between precursors of pair-bonding during childhood and subsequent behavior in romantic relationships. Finally, in the TCHAD study and in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study of Sweden (CATSS) (n = 1771), the association between the same SNP and childhood behaviors was investigated.Results: One SNP (rs7632287) in OXTR was associated with traits reflecting pair-bonding in women in the TOSS and TCHAD samples. In girls the rs7632287 SNP was further associated with childhood social problems, which longitudinally predicted pair-bonding behavior in the TCHAD sample. This association was replicated in the CATSS sample in which an association between the same SNP and social interaction deficit symptoms from the autism spectrum was detected.Conclusion: These results suggest an association between variation in OXTR and human pair-bonding and other social behaviors, possibly indicating that the well-described influence of oxytocin on affiliative behavior in voles could also be of importance for humans.
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- Havland, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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The observed association between maternal anxiety and adolescent asthma : children of twin design suggest familial effects
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS One. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 1932-6203. ; 42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that maternal anxiety is associated with asthma in the adolescent child, but mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between maternal anxiety and maternal, self- and register-based report of asthma in the adolescent child, and whether the association remains after control of familial confounding (shared environmental and genetic factors). METHOD: From the Twin and Offspring Study of Sweden, 1691 mothers (1058 twins) and their adolescent child were included. The association between maternal self-reported anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) somatic or psychic anxiety) and asthma based on subjective (maternal or child report) or objective (register-based diagnosis and medication) measures were analysed using logistic regression. The children-of-twins design was used to explore whether genes or environment contribute to the association. RESULTS: Maternal BAI anxiety (OR 2.02, CI 1.15-3.55) was significantly associated with adolescent asthma reported by the mother. Maternal KSP somatic anxiety (OR 1.74, CI 1.04-2.91) and psychic anxiety (OR 1.74, CI 1.05-2.86) was significantly associated with breathlessness reported by the adolescent child. In contrast, maternal anxiety was not associated with increased risk for the register-based outcomes of asthma diagnosis or medication. The results remained also after adjusting for covariates and the children-of-twins analyses which indicate that the association was due to familial confounding. CONCLUSIONS: We found some associations between maternal anxiety and subjectively reported offspring asthma or breathlessness which may be due to familial effects. A likely candidate for explaining this familial confounding is heritable personality traits associated with both anxiety and subjective measures of asthma.
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- Magnusson, Patrik K. E., et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Twin Registry : establishment of a biobank and other recent developments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 16:1, s. 317-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Twin Registry (STR) today contains more than 194,000 twins and more than 75,000 pairs have zygosity determined by an intra-pair similarity algorithm, DNA, or by being of opposite sex. Of these, approximately 20,000, 25,000, and 30,000 pairs are monozygotic, same-sex dizygotic, and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs, respectively. Since its establishment in the late 1950s, the STR has been an important epidemiological resource for the study of genetic and environmental influences on a multitude of traits, behaviors, and diseases. Following large investments in the collection of biological specimens in the past 10 years we have now established a Swedish twin biobank with DNA from 45,000 twins and blood serum from 15,000 twins, which effectively has also transformed the registry into a powerful resource for molecular studies. We here describe the main projects within which the new collections of both biological samples as well as phenotypic measures have been collected. Coverage by year of birth, zygosity determination, ethnic heterogeneity, and influences of in vitro fertilization are also described.
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- Pollack, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Zero-flux approximations for multivariate quadrature-based moment methods
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2716 .- 0021-9991. ; 398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of polydisperse systems is governed by population balance equations. A group of efficient solution approaches are the moment methods, which do not solve for the number density function (NDF) directly but rather for a set of its moments. While this is computationally efficient, a specific challenge arises when describing the fluxes across a boundary in phase space for the disappearance of elements, the so-called zero-flux. The main difficulty is the missing NDF-information at the boundary, which most moment methods cannot provide. Relevant physical examples are evaporating droplets, soot oxidation or particle dissolution. In general, this issue can be solved by reconstructing the NDF close to the boundary. However, this was previously only achieved with univariate approaches, i.e. considering only a single internal variable. Many physical problems are insufficiently described by univariate population balance equations, e.g. droplets in sprays often require the temperature or the velocity to be internal coordinates in addition to the size. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, which provides an efficient multivariate approach to calculate the zero-fluxes. The algorithm employs the Extended Quadrature Method of Moments (EQMOM) with Beta and Gamma kernel density functions for the marginal NDF reconstruction and a polynomial or spline for the other conditional dimensions. This combination allows to reconstruct the entire multivariate NDF and based on this, expressions for the disappearance flux are derived. An algorithm is proposed for the whole moment inversion and reconstruction process. It is validated against a suite of test cases with increasing complexity. The influence of the number of kernel density functions and the configuration of the polynomials and splines on the accuracy is discussed. Finally, the associated computational costs are evaluated.
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- Törnblom, Hans, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Colonic Transit Time and IBS Symptoms: What's the Link
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0002-9270 .- 1572-0241. ; 107:5, s. 754-760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The relevance of colonic transit alterations for the overall symptom pattern in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to assess the total and segmental colonic transit time (CTT) and their relationship to symptoms and subgroups in a large sample of IBS patients. METHODS: Total and segmental CTT was assessed using radiopaque markers in 359 patients with IBS (279 females). These results were compared with existing normal values for healthy men and women without gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Stool frequency and consistency (Bristol Stool Form (BSF) scale), and the perceived severity of three GI symptoms (bloating, flatulence, and abdominal pain) were noted in a daily diary during the measurement week. Patients could be classified by the BSF scale characteristics into Rome III subtypes (n = 338), or by use of the Rome II modular questionnaire into Rome II subtypes (n = 143). RESULTS: CTT was normal in 287 patients (80%), whereas 53 (15%) had accelerated and 19 (5%) had delayed CTT. Transit abnormalities in relation to gender-specific reference values were more common in males (30.0%) than in females (17.2%; P<0.05). IBS subgrouping according to Rome III (P<0.0001) and Rome II criteria (P<0.001) was associated with the presence of abnormal CTT. Stool form (r=-0.40; P<0.0001) and stool frequency (r=-0.30; P<0.0001) were moderately and negatively correlated to total CTT. No correlations of clinical significance were found between transit data and the three GI symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Total and segmental colonic transit alterations are of importance for the abnormal bowel habit seen in men and women with IBS, but of no or minor importance for other IBS symptoms.
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