| 1. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of (XcJ)-> K+K-K+K- decays
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 642:3, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using 14M psi(2S) events taken with the BESII detector, chi(cJ) -> 2(K+K-) decays are studied. For the four-kaon final state, the branching fractions are B(chi(c0,1,2) ->.2(K+K-)) = (3.48 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.47) x 10(-3), (0.70 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.10) x 10(-3), and (2.17 +/- 0.20 +/- 0.31) x 10(-3). For the phi K+K- final state, the branching fractions, which are measured for the first time, are B(chi(c0,1,2) -> phi K+K-) = (1.03 +/- 0.22 +/- 0.15) x 10(-3), (0.46 +/- 0.16 +/- 0.06) x 10(-3), and (1.67 +/- 0.26 +/- 0.24) x 10(-4). For the phi phi final state, B(chi(c0,2) -> phi phi) = (0.94 +/- 0.21 +/- 0.13) x 10(-3) and (1.70 +/- 0.30 +/- 0.25) x 10(-3).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(författare)
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Common suppression pattern of eta and pi(0) mesons at high transverse momentum in Au plus Au collisions at root SNN=200 GeV
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 96:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of eta mesons have been measured within p(T)=2-10 GeV/c at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. In central Au+Au the eta yields are significantly suppressed compared to peripheral Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p yields scaled by the corresponding number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. The magnitude, centrality, and p(T) dependence of the suppression is common, within errors, for eta and pi(0). The ratio of eta to pi(0) spectra at high p(T) amounts to 0.40 < R-eta/pi(0)< 0.48 for the three systems, in agreement with the world average measured in hadronic and nuclear reactions and, at large scaled momentum, in e(+)e(-) collisions.
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| 6. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(författare)
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Deuteron and antideuteron production in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 94:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of deuterons and antideuterons in the transverse momentum range 1.1 < p(T)< 4.3 GeV/c at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV has been studied by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. A coalescence analysis, comparing the deuteron and antideuteron spectra with that of proton and antiproton, has been performed. The coalescence probability is equal for both deuterons and antideuterons and it increases as a function of p(T), which is consistent with an expanding collision zone. Comparing (anti)proton yields, (p) over bar /p = 0.73 +/- 0.01, with (anti)deuteron yields, (d) over bar /d = 0.47 +/- 0.03, we estimate that (n) over bar /n = 0.64 +/- 0.04. The nucleon phase space density is estimated from the coalescence measurement.
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| 7. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(författare)
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Improved measurement of double helicity asymmetry in inclulsive midrapidity pi(0) production for polarized p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 73:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an improved measurement of the double helicity asymmetry for pi(0) production in polarized proton-proton scattering at root s=200 GeV employing the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The improvements to our previous measurement come from two main factors: Inclusion of a new data set from the 2004 RHIC run with higher beam polarizations than the earlier run and a recalibration of the beam polarization measurements for the earlier run, which resulted in reduced uncertainties and increased beam polarizations. The results are compared to a Next to Leading Order (NLO) perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) calculation with a range of polarized gluon distributions.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of single electron event anisotropy in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 72:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transverse momentum dependence of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v(2), the second harmonic of the azimuthal distribution, for electrons at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.35) has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The measurement was made with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (vertical bar eta vertical bar = 3.1-3.9). From the result we have measured the v(2) of electrons from heavy flavor decay after subtraction of the v(2) of electrons from other sources such as photon conversions and Dalitz decay from light neutral mesons. We observe a nonzero single electron v(2) with a 90% confidence level in the intermediate-p(T) region. The precision of the present data set does not permit us to conclude definitively that heavy quarks exhibit thermalization with the transverse flow of the bulk matter.
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| 10. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries for midrapidity production of neutral pions and charged hadrons in polarized p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transverse single-spin asymmetries to probe the transverse-spin structure of the proton have been measured for neutral pions and nonidentified charged hadrons from polarized proton-proton collisions at midrapidity and root s = 200 GeV. The data cover a transverse momentum (pT) range 1.0-5.0 GeV/c for neutral pions and 0.5-5.0 GeV/c for charged hadrons, at a Feynman-x value of approximately zero. The asymmetries seen in this previously unexplored kinematic region are consistent with zero within errors of a few percent. In addition, the inclusive charged hadron cross section at midrapidity from 0.5 < P-T < 7.0 GeV/c is presented and compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD ( pQCD) calculations. Successful description of the unpolarized cross section above similar to 2 GeV/c suggests that pQCD is applicable in the interpretation of the asymmetry results in the relevant kinematic range.
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| 11. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(författare)
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Midrapidity direct-photon production in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles and Fields). - 0556-2821. ; 71:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A measurement of direct photons in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV is presented. A photon excess above background from pi(0)->gamma+gamma, eta ->gamma+gamma and other decays is observed in the transverse momentum range 5.5 < p(T)< 7 GeV/c. The result is compared to a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation. Within errors, good agreement is found between the QCD calculation and the measured result.
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| 12. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(författare)
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Production of phi mesons at midrapidity in root S-NN=200 GeVAu+Au collisions at relativistic energies
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 72:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of phi meson production in the K+K- decay channel from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) =200 GeV as measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Precision resonance centroid and width values are extracted as a function of collision centrality. No significant variation from the Particle Data Group accepted values is observed, contrary to some model predictions. The phi transverse mass spectra are fitted with a linear exponential function for which the derived inverse slope parameter is seen to be constant as a function of centrality. However, when these data are fitted by a hydrodynamic model the result is that the centrality-dependent freeze-out temperature and the expansion velocity values are consistent with the values previously derived from fitting identified charged hadron data. As a function of transverse momentum the collisions scaled peripheral-to-central yield ratio R-CP for the phi is comparable to that of pions rather than that of protons. This result lends support to theoretical models that distinguish between baryons and mesons instead of particle mass for explaining the anomalous (anti) proton yield.
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| 13. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(författare)
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Single electrons from heavy-flavor decays in p + p collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 96:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The invariant differential cross section for inclusive electron production in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV has been measured by the PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider over the transverse momentum range 0.4 <= p(T) <= 5.0 GeV/c in the central rapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 0.35). The contribution to the inclusive electron spectrum from semileptonic decays of hadrons carrying heavy flavor, i.e., charm quarks or, at high p(T), bottom quarks, is determined via three independent methods. The resulting electron spectrum from heavy-flavor decays is compared to recent leading and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The total cross section of charm quark-antiquark pair production is determined to be sigma(c (c) over bar) = 0.92 +/- 0.15(stat) +/- 0.54(syst) mb.
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| 14. |
- Cui, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Transmission enhancement of light through a metallic nano-slit with periodic metallic nano-strips
- 2009
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Ingår i: Metamaterials IV. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819476272 ; , s. 73530S-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of the transmission properties of subwavelength apertures has become a very active area of research in electromagnetism. It is generally accepted that structuring the input surface of the metal film by periodic corrugations is very effective in the process of transmission enhancement through single apertures. Here instead of periodic corrugations, we propose to use periodic nano-strips placed before the input surface of the metal film to enhance the transmission of light through a nano-slit milled in the film. Influences of the structural parameters of periodic nano-strips on the transmission enhancement are investigated. The transmission efficiency through a 25nm-width silver nano-slit can be boosted to be ç = 164 when six pairs of nano-strips are placed 50nm distant away from the incident surface of the silver film at ë0 = 1ìm, which is originally ç = 7.8 without any strips. This indicates that a large part of the incident light can be transformed into the localized guided wave with strong intensity, and then more light can flow through the nano-slit. We emphasize that periodic nano-strips can serve as an efficient receiving antenna to harvest light into the nano-slit.
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| 15. |
- Duan, Ming-Rui, et al.
(författare)
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DNA binding mechanism revealed by high resolution crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY1 protein
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1362-4962 .- 0305-1048. ; 35:4, s. 54-1145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- WRKY proteins, defined by the conserved WRKYGQK sequence, are comprised of a large superfamily of transcription factors identified specifically from the plant kingdom. This superfamily plays important roles in plant disease resistance, abiotic stress, senescence as well as in some developmental processes. In this study, the Arabidopsis WRKY1 was shown to be involved in the salicylic acid signaling pathway and partially dependent on NPR1; a C-terminal domain of WRKY1, AtWRKY1-C, was constructed for structural studies. Previous investigations showed that DNA binding of the WRKY proteins was localized at the WRKY domains and these domains may define novel zinc-binding motifs. The crystal structure of the AtWRKY1-C determined at 1.6 A resolution has revealed that this domain is composed of a globular structure with five beta strands, forming an antiparallel beta-sheet. A novel zinc-binding site is situated at one end of the beta-sheet, between strands beta4 and beta5. Based on this high-resolution crystal structure and site-directed mutagenesis, we have defined and confirmed that the DNA-binding residues of AtWRKY1-C are located at beta2 and beta3 strands. These results provided us with structural information to understand the mechanism of transcriptional control and signal transduction events of the WRKY proteins.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- He, Sailing, et al.
(författare)
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Optical nano-antennas and metamaterials
- 2009
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Ingår i: MATERIALS TODAY. - 1369-7021. ; 12:12, s. 16-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review some recent approaches to transmission enhancement and light harvesting based on optical nano-antennas and metamaterials. Nano-cavity antennas are used to enhance the extraordinary transmission of TM-polarized light through vertical nano-slits in a metal film. The enhanced transmission of TE-polarized waves through an array of subwavelength-slits in a thin metal film at low frequencies (including microwave) is also investigated. Light harvesting with a metamaterial cloaking shell is also demonstrated.
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| 18. |
- He, Sailing, et al.
(författare)
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Transmission enhancement, perfect absorption and field squeezing with nano-antennas and metamaterials
- 2009
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Ingår i: THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL NANOPHOTONICS. - : AIP. - 9780735407152 ; , s. 18-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report some of our recent progress in enhancing the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), perfect absorption and field squeezing. Based on the excitation of surface plasmon waves in optical nano-antennas, the extraordinary transmission of light through a vertical nano-slit in a metal film is realized. Omni-directional, broadband and polarization-insensitive absorption of light is achieved in a thin metamaterial absorber which consists of cross-antennas and a metal ground. A dielectric split ring inside a permeability-near-zero metamaterial is used to squeeze electromagnetic energy and obtain strong magnetic field at the gap without using any resonance mechanism.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Jin, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing resonant tunnelling of a wide beam through vertical slow-light photonic-crystal waveguides (SPCWs) with an assistant horizontal SPCW
- 2008
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 16:24, s. 19550-19556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhancement of resonant tunnelling of a wide beam through vertical subwavelength slow-light photonic-crystal waveguides (SPCWs) is considered. An assistant horizontal SPCW with a thin side wall, whose guided modes have small propagation constants, is used as an input coupler for the vertical SPCW, and the two SPCWs form a compact composite structure to enhance drastically the resonant tunnelling. An incident wide beam can excite strongly the guided modes of the horizontal SPCW, and then resonantly tunnels through the vertical SPCW efficiently. To further improve the resonant tunnelling of a wide beam, a periodic array of vertical SPCWs (with a horizontal SPCW as an input coupler) is also investigated. With this periodic structure, a wide beam can be transmitted nearly completely. When a wide beam tunnels through the vertical SPCWs efficiently, the excited fields inside the SPCWs are very strong.
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| 21. |
- Jin, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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IMPEDANCE-MATCHED MULTILAYERED STRUCTURE CONTAINING A ZERO-PERMITTIVITY MATERIAL FOR SPATIAL FILTERING
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of nonlinear optical physics and materials. - 0218-8635. ; 17:3, s. 349-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the effective medium theory, a multilayered spatial filter is constructed with an ultralow-permittivity material and a typical dielectric. Besides the special property of an ultralow refractive index, the designed periodic structure is impedance-matched to free space, regardless of the total thickness. The present spatial filter works well even when moderate loss exists.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Li, Xuan, et al.
(författare)
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Subwavelength focusing with a multilayered Fabry-Perot structure at optical frequencies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 75:4, s. 045103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Fabry-Perot resonance effect is studied in order to achieve subwavelength imaging at a far distance (e.g., about 10 wavelengths) from the source at optical frequencies. Two different structures (with matched and mismatched impedances) of alternative metal and air layers are considered first at a relatively short distance (e.g., about one wavelength) from the source. It is found that the impedance match is not necessary for subwavelength focusing since the Fabry-Perot resonance effect is utilized here. An appropriate period is chosen so that the Fabry-Perot resonance occurs in an evanescent regime, and consequently the evanescent waves near the Fabry-Perot resonance peak are amplified. With such a mechanism, a super lens with a resolution of about λ0/30 (λ0 is the wavelength in the air), acceptable sidelobes and a larger displacement range (when the thickness of the period is within such a displacement range, subwavelength focusing with acceptable sidelobes can be achieved) is designed. Subwavelength focusing (with a spotsize of λ0/12) at a distance far away from the source is also realized in the presence of some material loss.
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| 26. |
- Tian, Yu-peng, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, crystal structure and NLO properties of a novel ruthenium(II) complex with unusual coordination mode
- 2005
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Ingår i: Transition metal chemistry (Weinheim). - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0340-4285 .- 1572-901X. ; 30:7, s. 778-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new Schiff base 4-[N-hydroxyethyl-N-(methyl)amino]benzaldehyde S-methyl dithiocarbazate (HL, where H is a dissociable proton) and the ruthenium complex [Ru(bpy)2L]PF6 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been synthesized. The structural determinations of the ligand and its ruthenium complex, by X-ray crystallography, show that the ligand is coordinated as a monoanionic bidentate N, S-donor, forming a four-member chelate ring with a bite angle of 65.91°. The complex shows intense MLCT transitions in the visible region. Fluorescent and electrochemical properties have been also studied. The complex in DMF solution exhibited a strong two-photon absorption (t.p.a.) at 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses. The t.p.a. coefficient β, t.p.a. cross-section σ and the third-order optical nonlinearity χ(3) of the complex and the ligand have been determined by the Z-scan technique.
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| 27. |
- Zhang, Pu, et al.
(författare)
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Obtaining a nonsingular two-dimensional cloak of complex shape from a perfect three-dimensional cloak
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 93:24, s. 243502-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A general method is proposed to construct an approximate nonsingular two-dimensional (2D) cloak by taking constitutive parameter tensors (CPTs) of a three-dimensional perfect cloak on a mirror-symmetric cross section in order to avoid any singularity at the inner boundary of a perfect 2D cloak. As two examples, reduced 2D models for an elliptic cloak and a bow-tie cloak are derived. The reduced 2D models are characterized explicitly with CPT of finite values and good cloaking effects are verified numerically.
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| 28. |
- Zhang, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Broad-angle polarization beam splitter using an ultra-low permittivity material
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2008 Asia Optical Fiber Communication and Optoelectronic Exposition and Conference, AOE 2008. - 9781557528636
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We design a broad-angle polarization beam splitter consisting of alternating layers of dielectric and ultra-low permittivity material. Within wide range of incident angles, it shows high transmissivity for one polarization while high reflectivity for another.
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| 29. |
- Zhang, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Polarization-independent 2D omni-directional photonic band gaps in a 1D periodic metal-dielectric (anisotropic) structure
- 2009
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Ingår i: Waves in Random and Complex Media. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-5030 .- 1745-5049. ; 19:1, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is shown that there is no polarization-independent two-dimensionally (2D) omni-directional photonic band gap (PBG) for any conventional one-dimensional (1D) metal-dielectric (isotropic) structure. Through the study of band diagrams and some asymptotic analysis, a 1D periodic metal-dielectric (anisotropic) structure is proposed to achieve a polarization-independent 2D omni-directional PBG. Theoretical predictions for both the lossless and lossy cases are verified with finite element method (FEM) simulation of a point source in such a structure.
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