| 1. |
- Fahlström, Per Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Goda miljöer för idrottsutvekling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lärande i civilsamhälle. En forskarantologi.. - Stockholm : Trinambai. - 9789188226105
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Fahlström, Per Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Våra framtida stjärnor : Om urval och antagning till idrottsgymnasier
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målet för svensk elitidrott är att stärka svensk idrotts internationella konkurrens-kraft. Landslagen ska bli starkare och Sverige ska erövra fler medaljer vid inter-nationella mästerskap.Att ungdomar har möjligheten att kombinera en elitidrottssatsning medgymnasiestudier är en central och strategiskt viktig del för att skapa framtidaelitidrottare på högsta internationella nivå. Genom ämnet specialidrott ges elev-erna vid riksidrottsgymnasier (RIG) och nationellt godkända idrottsutbildningar(NIU) en unik möjlighet att utvecklas både idrottsligt och kunskapsmässigt.Många ungdomar har som mål att komma in på ett RIG eller ett NIU. Men hurgår urvalet av elever till? Vilka kriterier och urvalsprinciper ligger till grund förantagningen? Och vem bestämmer det slutgiltiga urvalet av elever till RIG ochNIU?Dagens antagnings- och urvalssystem bygger främst på de riktlinjer och urvals-kriterier som Riksidrottsförbundet (RF) tillsammans med ett antal special-idrottsförbund (SF) tagit fram och på en tillhörande intervjumall. Tillsammansutgör de stöd under processen för att välja ut elever som ansökt till RIG ellerNIU. Hur förbunden väljer att anpassa och tillämpa dessa verktyg, samt hursjälva antagningsprocessen går till, varierar från idrott till idrott. Samtidigt harde mycket gemensamt – inte minst den stora utmaningen att bedöma vilka somär de allra bäst lämpade.Vår förhoppning är att denna rapport från Linnéuniversitetet ger en fördjupadkunskap kring antagningsprocessen och urvalet till RIG och NIU. Vi ser ocksåfram emot forskarnas analys av hur kvaliteten på dessa processer och bedömnings-grunder kan moderniseras och utvecklas för att urvalet av elever ska bli merhållbart, likvärdigt och rättssäkert.Rapporten visar att en utveckling av det befintliga idrottsgymnasiesystemetkan förbättra det stöd som krävs för framtida internationella framgångar. Ettvarmt tack till forskarteamet – PG Fahlström, Filip Andersson, Per Gerrevall,Marie Hedberg, Susanne Linnér – för ert viktiga arbete!I studien deltog företrädare för SF och specialidrottslärare från utvalda RIG. Tiller vill vi säga ett stort tack för att ni tagit er tid och delat viktiga erfarenheter!
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| 3. |
- Albert, Séréna, et al.
(författare)
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Phytoplankton settling quality has a subtle but significant effect on sediment microeukaryotic and bacterial communities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In coastal aphotic sediments, organic matter (OM) input from phytoplankton is the primary food resource for benthic organisms. Current observations from temperate ecosystems like the Baltic Sea report a decline in spring bloom diatoms, while summer cyanobacteria blooms are becoming more frequent and intense. These climate-driven changes in phytoplankton communities may in turn have important consequences for benthic biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but such questions are not yet sufficiently explored experimentally. Here, in a 4-week experiment, we investigated the response of microeukaryotic and bacterial communities to different types of OM inputs comprising five ratios of two common phytoplankton species in the Baltic Sea, the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and filamentous cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. Metabarcoding analyses on 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at the experiment termination revealed subtle but significant changes in diversity and community composition of microeukaryotes in response to settling OM quality. Sediment bacteria were less affected, although we observed a clear effect on denitrification gene expression (nirS and nosZ), which was positively correlated with increasing proportions of cyanobacteria. Altogether, these results suggest that future changes in OM input to the seafloor may have important effects on both the composition and function of microbenthic communities.
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| 4. |
- Cappellini, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Dry Generation of CeO2 Nanoparticles and Deposition onto a Co-Culture of A549 and THP-1 Cells in Air-Liquid Interface-Dosimetry Considerations and Comparison to Submerged Exposure
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relevant in vitro assays that can simulate exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) via inhalation are urgently needed. Presently, the most common method employed is to expose lung cells under submerged conditions, but the cellular responses to NPs under such conditions might differ from those observed at the more physiological air-liquid interface (ALI). The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and inflammatory potential of CeO2 NPs (NM-212) in a co-culture of A549 lung epithelial cells and differentiated THP-1 cells in both ALI and submerged conditions. Cellular dose was examined quantitatively using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The role of serum and LPS-priming for IL-1 beta release was further tested in THP-1 cells in submerged exposure. An aerosol of CeO2 NPs was generated by using the PreciseInhale (R) system, and NPs were deposited on the co-culture using XposeALI (R). No or minor cytotoxicity and no increased release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF alpha, MCP-1) were observed after exposure of the co-culture in ALI (max 5 mu g/cm(2)) or submerged (max 22 mu g/cm(2)) conditions. In contrast, CeO2 NPs cause clear IL-1 beta release in monocultures of macrophage-like THP-1, independent of the presence of serum and LPS-priming. This study demonstrates a useful approach for comparing effects at various in-vitro conditions.
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| 5. |
- Fasth, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Age in relation to comorbidity and outcome in patients with high-risk TIA or minor ischemic stroke : A Swedish national observational study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Stroke Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881. ; 6:1, s. 53-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recent trials report positive results for preventing vascular events with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with high-risk TIA or minor ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate this population regarding influence of age on vascular risk factors, hospital stay and mortality.Patients and methods: Data on patients aged 40-100 years with TIA or ischemic stroke in the Swedish Stroke Register during 2012-13 were linked with national registers. To identify patients with high-risk TIA (ABCD(2) >= 6) or minor ischemic stroke (NIHSS <= 5) eligible for DAPT, we excluded patients with atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant use, prior major bleeding, or unknown stroke severity.Findings: We identified 10,053 potential DAPT-candidates (mean age 72.6 years, 45.2% female, 16.4% with TIA). With advancing age, most vascular risk factors increased. Antiplatelet treatment increased from 31.9% before the event to 95.5% after discharge. Within 1 year following index event, the proportion of patients with >= 1 re-admission increased with age (29.2% in 40-64 year-olds; 47.2% in 85-100 year-olds). All-cause death per 100 person-years was 6.9 (95% CI 6.4-7.4) within 1 year, and highest in the first 30 days (15.2; 95% CI 12.8-18.2). For each year of increased age, the risk of death increased with 3.5% (p = 0.128) in patients 40-64 years and with 11.8% (p < 0.001) in those >= 85 years.Conclusions: While in theory representing a subset of patients with mild injury, our observational study highlights substantial use of health-care resources and high mortality rates among patients with high-risk TIA or minor ischemic stroke assumed eligible for DAPT.
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| 6. |
- Grimfjärd, Per, 1975-
(författare)
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Invasive treatment of coronary artery disease : Aspects on antithrombotic and percutaneous treatment options
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has improved considerably thanks to more effective antithrombotic treatment strategies and improved coronary stents. Stent thrombosis (ST) is a rare complication to PCI associated with considerable mortality and morbidity.The general aim of this thesis was to add real-world evidence for antithrombotic and technical strategies in invasive treatment of coronary artery disease. Five observational studies were performed on a large, unselected, real-world population undergoing PCI. All studies were based on data from the national registry SWEDEHEART.In 31,258 patients undergoing PCI for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the rate of definite early ST was low (0.84%, n=265) but ST was associated with very high mortality (21%, n=51) at one year.Among 20,600 patients with STEMI, we compared the outcomes for those treated with heparin and those treated with bivalirudin during PCI. Rates of ST were low and similar with heparin and bivalirudin but all-cause mortality at 30 days and one year was significantly higher with heparin. We found no differences in rates of major bleeding, re-infarction and stroke.A novel bioresorbable scaffold (Absorb), used in patients undergoing PCI for all indications, was associated with a four- to eightfold higher adjusted rate of definite ST over two years, compared with conventional modern drug-eluting stents (DES). One in four ST events occurred later than one year after PCI. Rates of in-stent restenosis were comparable with Absorb and DES. Suboptimal implantation technique and non-adherence to antiplatelet therapy guidelines was common among patients with bioresorbable scaffold thrombosis.The novel parenteral and potent platelet inhibitor cangrelor was used nearly exclusively in STEMI (n=899), in early presenters with high-risk, often with cardiac arrest (18%) but was associated with low ST rates and no major bleeding events.In an unselected population of 65,000 patients undergoing PCI for all indications, the Xience permanent polymer everolimus eluting stent (n=36,600) appears to be safe and effective with low event rates of ST and in-stent restenosis. Compared with a control group of other modern DES (n=167,000) including a high proportion of thinner struts and absorbable polymers, Xience exhibits similar results in all important endpoints.All studies of this thesis provided important real-world evidence on antithrombotic and technical treatment strategies in invasive management of coronary artery disease.
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| 7. |
- Hagvall, Lina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Skin permeation of nickel, cobalt and chromium salts in ex vivo human skin, visualized using mass spectrometry imaging
- 2021
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Ingår i: Toxicology in Vitro. - : Elsevier BV. - 0887-2333 .- 1879-3177. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skin permeation and distribution of three of the most common skin sensitizers was investigated using a previously developed animal-free exposure method combined with imaging mass spectrometry. Nickel, cobalt, and chromium (III) salts were dissolved in a buffer and exposed to human skin ex vivo, to be analyzed using time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Our findings demonstrate that metal haptens mainly accumulated in the stratum corneum, however all three metal sensitizers could also be detected in the epidermis. Cobalt and chromium (III) species penetrated into the epidermis to a larger extent than nickel species. The degree of penetration into the epidermis is suggested to be affected by the sensitization potency of the metal salts, as well as their speciation, i.e. the amount of the respective metal present in the solution as bioaccessible and solubilised ions. Our method provided permeation profiles in human skin for known sensitizers, on a level of detail that is not possible to achieve by other means. The findings show that the permeation profiles are different, despite these sensitizers being all metal ions and common causes of contact allergy. Studying skin uptake by only considering penetration through the skin might therefore not give accurate results.
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| 8. |
- Hagvall, Lina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Skin permeation studies of chromium species-Evaluation of a reconstructed human epidermis model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Toxicology in Vitro. - 0887-2333 .- 1879-3177. ; 91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model, the EpiDerm, was investigated and compared to human skin ex vivo regarding tissue penetration and distribution of two chromium species, relevant in both occupational and general exposure in the population. Imaging mass spectrometry was used in analysis of the sectioned tissue. The RHE model gave similar results compared to human skin ex vivo for skin penetration of CrVI. However, the penetration of CrIII into the tissue of the RHE model compared to human skin ex vivo differed markedly, such that in the RHE model the CrIII species accumulated in the tissue layer corresponding to stratum corneum whereas in human skin ex vivo, the CrIII species penetrated evenly through the skin tissue. Further, skin lipids such as cholesterol were less abundant in the RHE model compared to the human skin tissue. Results presented here indicate that the RHE models do not possess the same fundamental properties as human skin tissue. As the RHE models appear to be able to give false negative results, experiments using RHE models for the study of skin penetration should be evaluated with caution.
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| 9. |
- Hedberg, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Randomized controlled trial of nasogastric tube use after esophagectomy : study protocol for the kinetic trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Diseases of the esophagus. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1120-8694 .- 1442-2050. ; 37:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Esophagectomy is a complex and complication laden procedure. Despite centralization, variations in perioparative strategies reflect a paucity of evidence regarding optimal routines. The use of nasogastric (NG) tubes post esophagectomy is typically associated with significant discomfort for the patients. We hypothesize that immediate postoperative removal of the NG tube is non-inferior to current routines. All Nordic Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer centers were invited to participate in this open-label pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT). Inclusion criteria include resection for locally advanced esophageal cancer with gastric tube reconstruction. A pretrial survey was undertaken and was the foundation for a consensus process resulting in the Kinetic trial, an RCT allocating patients to either no use of a NG tube (intervention) or 5 days of postoperative NG tube use (control) with anastomotic leakage as primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include pulmonary complications, overall complications, length of stay, health related quality of life. A sample size of 450 patients is planned (Kinetic trial: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN39935085). Thirteen Nordic centers with a combined catchment area of 17 million inhabitants have entered the trial and ethical approval was granted in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark. All centers routinely use NG tube and all but one center use total or hybrid minimally invasive-surgical approach. Inclusion began in January 2022 and the first annual safety board assessment has deemed the trial safe and recommended continuation. We have launched the first adequately powered multi-center pragmatic controlled randomized clinical trial regarding NG tube use after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction.
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| 10. |
- Hedberg, Per, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of changing phytoplankton species composition on carbon and nitrogen uptake in benthic invertebrates
- 2021
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 66:2, s. 469-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pelagic primary production is the main input of organic energy for benthic production below the photic zone. In the Baltic Sea, spring phytoplankton blooms are dominated by diatoms that sink out rapidly and export nutritionally favorable matter to benthic secondary production, while the summer blooms have more variable sedimentation rates and nutritional profile. Changes in phytoplankton species composition and bloom dynamics, as a consequence of climate change and eutrophication are reducing high quality diatoms reaching the benthic fauna, while promoting cyanobacteria. Here, we test uptake and assimilation of changing phyto- plankton composition for three common benthic invertebrates, a clam, an amphipod and a polychaete under varying degrees of spring-bloom associated diatoms (Skeletonema costatum) and summer-bloom associated cyano- bacteria (Nodularia spumigena). The phytoplankton were labeled with stable isotopes (15N and 13C, respectively) in order to trace assimilation in consumers’ tissues. We found that all three macrofauna species fed on both dia- toms and cyanobacteria. A linear pattern was found for all three species in assimilation of carbon and nitrogen from diatoms, with increasing assimilation associated with higher proportion of diatoms. There was no clear pattern found between proportion of cyanobacteria and assimilation of carbon and nitrogen for any of the spe- cies. This study shows that the investigated macrofaunal species display a selective feeding behavior with prefer- ence for spring-bloom associated diatoms. Thus, changes in phytoplankton bloom composition are likely affecting benthic species composition and production.
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| 11. |
- Hedberg, Per H.
(författare)
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One step ahead in the game : Predicting negotiation outcomes with guessing-games measures
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0894-3257 .- 1099-0771. ; 34:5, s. 669-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lay intuition suggests that some people are better than others at strategic social interaction. Nonetheless, identifying reliable predictors of individual differences in negotiation performance has been difficult. In this investigation, we hypothesized that an individuals' skill in understanding the structure of socially interdependent situations, and in best responding to others' likely behavior in such situations, should predict their negotiation performance. We adapted existing and novel social guessing games to measure such skills. In a series of studies with students and business executives in Russia and Sweden, performance in the guessing games predicted better individual outcomes and better joint outcomes in dyadic negotiations. Guessing-game performance remained predictive of both outcomes after proxies for general mental ability were controlled for. Potential applications to larger-scale phenomena are discussed.
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| 12. |
- Hedberg, Per, 1978-
(författare)
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Responses of benthic-pelagic coupling to environmental change
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Changing abiotic factors, like temperature and light are important drivers of seasonality, affecting aquatic ecosystems and organisms annually in a predictable pattern, structuring species composition, growth, reproduction and trophic interactions. As a consequence of human induced climate change, coastal ecosystems are seeing a disruption in the predictability of annual cycles. This in turn is affecting species composition at the base of the food web, possibly causing effects for higher trophic levels. Although the benthic and pelagic environments are coupled, still very little is known about the effect that changes in species composition will have on this interaction. In Study I, three species of common macrofauna from Baltic Sea soft sediment bottoms were for the first time subjected to a gradient of spring bloom related diatoms and summer bloom related cyanobacteria as food resource. We found a clear differentiation between the two food types regarding preference of the consumers. The results highlight that diatoms were consumed by all species with a strongly positive linear relationship with available food. Cyanobacteria was consumed, but with no clear pattern relating to amount available. In Study II, we investigated if seasonal phytoplankton succession affects the composition of essential compounds in benthic macrofauna, focusing on transfer of fatty acids (FAs) from phytoplankton via sediment to benthic consumers. The outcome showed for the first time large interspecific variation in FA composition and concentration, but low seasonal variation within species for five major invertebrate taxa over three seasons. We found only few convincing links between seasonal phytoplankton production and its succession of FAs in the seston, sediment and the animals. This suggests that demands for FAs differ substantially between taxa and that FAs of sedimenting organic material is not clearly reflected in the investigated species. In Study III, we quantified recruitment of phyto- and zooplankton from oxic sediment to the pelagic environment, under proposed changes to light and temperature caused by climate change. We found clear indications of both light and temperature having an effect on phytoplankton (mainly cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates) recruitment in spring. We found no effect on recruitment of phyto- or zooplankton in summer, but large differences in zooplankton recruitment in summer compared to spring. The phytoplankton taxa that showed strong recruitment responses in spring, could with proposed climate change scenarios potentially impact the species composition during spring, thus affecting food web dynamics. In Study IV we used advanced molecular tracing techniques of compound specific stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen in amino acids in five taxonomic groups of phytoplankton, with the goal to advance methods of differentiating between groups in mixed samples of phytoplankton. By applying this method to amino acids, we were able to differentiate between all five taxonomical groups. The key in revealing the group specific finger printing on particular amino acids was based on amino acid synthesis pathways and thus depletion or enrichment of isotopes. The novel findings presented in this thesis further advances our knowledge about responses of benthic-pelagic coupling to environmental change and how to further develop tracing of food webs in order to predict the effects of a changing environment on aquatic organisms.
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| 13. |
- Hedberg, Per, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in fatty acid content among benthic invertebrates in a seasonally driven system
- 2023
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2378-2242. ; 8:5, s. 751-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At temperate latitudes where seasonal changing environmental conditions strongly affect the magnitude, duration and species composition of pelagic primary production, macrobenthic organisms living below the photic zone rely on the sedimentation of organic matter as their primary energy source. The succession from nutritious spring blooms to summer cyanobacteria is assumed to reduce food quality for benthic primary consumers and their fatty acid (FA) profiles. In contrast, we find low seasonal variability in FA content of five benthic macroinvertebrates spanning two trophic levels in the Baltic Sea, a system with high seasonal variation in phytoplankton species composition. However, levels of the major FA groups vary greatly between benthic species. The results suggest that benthic macroinvertebrates have evolved FA metabolism adapted to degraded sedimenting material. Moreover, our study shows that species composition of benthic macrofauna rather than seasonal changing conditions affect availability of essential nutrients to higher trophic levels.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Jenndahl, L., et al.
(författare)
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Personalized tissue-engineered arteries as vascular graft transplants : A safety study in sheep
- 2022
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Ingår i: Regenerative Therapy. - : Japanese Society of Regenerative Medicine. - 2352-3204. ; 21, s. 331-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with cardiovascular disease often need replacement or bypass of a diseased blood vessel. With disadvantages of both autologous blood vessels and synthetic grafts, tissue engineering is emerging as a promising alternative of advanced therapy medicinal products for individualized blood vessels. By reconditioning of a decellularized blood vessel with the recipient's own peripheral blood, we have been able to prevent rejection without using immunosuppressants and prime grafts for efficient recellularization in vivo. Recently, decellularized veins reconditioned with autologous peripheral blood were shown to be safe and functional in a porcine in vivo study as a potential alternative for vein grafting. In this study, personalized tissue engineered arteries (P-TEA) were developed using the same methodology and evaluated for safety in a sheep in vivo model of carotid artery transplantation. Five personalized arteries were transplanted to carotid arteries and analyzed for safety and patency as well as with histology after four months in vivo. All grafts were fully patent without any occlusion or stenosis. The tissue was well cellularized with a continuous endothelial cell layer covering the luminal surface, revascularized adventitia with capillaries and no sign of rejection or infection. In summary, the results indicate that P-TEA is safe to use and has potential as clinical grafts.
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| 17. |
- Kim, Sea-Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) production as a defense mechanism in diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neurotoxic secondary metabolite β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its structural isomer 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) are known to be produced by various phytoplankton groups. Despite the worldwide spread of these toxin producers, no obvious role and function of BMAA and DAB in diatoms have been identified. Here, we investigated the effects of biotic factors, i.e., predators and competitors, as possible causes of BMAA and/or DAB regulation in the two diatom species Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana. DAB was specifically regulated in T. pseudonana by the presence of predators and competitors. The effects of DAB on both diatoms as competitors and on the copepod Tigriopus sp. as predator at individual and at population levels were examined. The toxic effects of DAB on the growth of T. pseudonana and the population of Tigriopus sp. were significant. The effect of DAB as a defensive secondary metabolite is assumed to be environmentally relevant depending on the number of the copepods. The results show a potential function of DAB that can play an important role in defense mechanisms of T. pseudonana.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ljunghill Hedberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent vaccines after neurotrauma : Can the response be predicted?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2164-5515 .- 2164-554X. ; 18:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: After trauma and central nervous system (CNS) injury, trauma-induced immune deficiency syndrome (TIDS) and CNS injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome (CIDS) may negatively affect responses to T-cell-dependent vaccines, such as pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) recommended after basilar fracture. This study (NCT02806284) aimed to investigate whether there after neurotrauma is a correlation between T-cell-dependent and independent vaccine responses and, thus, if B-cell activity is similarly depressed and whether the T-cell-dependent response is possible to predict.Method: Adult patients with basilar fracture (n = 33) and those undergoing pituitary gland surgery (n = 23) were within 10 days vaccinated with a T-cell-dependent vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and a T-cell-independent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV). Samples reflecting the systemic inflammatory response and pre- and post-vaccination antibody levels after 3–6 weeks against Hib and PPSV were collected and determined by enzyme immunoassays.Results: High and significant correlations were detected in the responses to different pneumococcal serotypes, but none between the Hib and PPSV responses. No differences in trauma scores, C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-10, pentraxin 3, fractalkine or calprotectin plasma concentrations or in ex vivo TNF-α, IL-6 or IL-10 responses to endotoxin were found between Hib vaccination responders and non-responders.Conclusions: There was no correlation between the pneumococcal responses and that to Hib, indicating that B-cell function is not similarly depressed as T-cell function. Grading of the trauma or parameters reflecting the innate immune response could not predict the T-cell-dependent vaccine response. There is a need of further studies evaluating the vaccine response after neurotrauma.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Rogne, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Structural Basis for GTP versus ATP Selectivity in the NMP Kinase AK3
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 59:38, s. 3570-3581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ATP and GTP are exceptionally important molecules in biology with multiple, and often discrete, functions. Therefore, enzymes that bind to either of them must develop robust mechanisms to selectively utilize one or the other. Here, this specific problem is addressed by molecular studies of the human NMP kinase AK3, which uses GTP to phosphorylate AMP. AK3 plays an important role in the citric acid cycle, where it is responsible for GTP/GDP recycling. By combining a structural biology approach with functional experiments, we present a comprehensive structural and mechanistic understanding of the enzyme. We discovered that AK3 functions by recruitment of GTP to the active site, while ATP is rejected and nonproductively bound to the AMP binding site. Consequently, ATP acts as an inhibitor with respect to GTP and AMP. The overall features with specific recognition of the correct substrate and nonproductive binding by the incorrect substrate bear a strong similarity to previous findings for the ATP specific NMP kinase adenylate kinase. Taken together, we are now able to provide the fundamental principles for GTP and ATP selectivity in the large NMP kinase family. As a side-result originating from nonlinearity of chemical shifts in GTP and ATP titrations, we find that protein surfaces offer a general and weak binding affinity for both GTP and ATP. These nonspecific interactions likely act to lower the available intracellular GTP and ATP concentrations and may have driven evolution of the Michaelis constants of NMP kinases accordingly.
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| 22. |
- Romanovski, Valentin, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of different surface disinfection treatments of drinking water facilities from a corrosion and environmental perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 27:11, s. 12704-12716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface disinfection of water facilities such as water wells requires measures that can remove pathogens from the walls to ensure a high drinking water quality, but many of these measures might increase corrosion of the contact surfaces (often highly pure steel) and affect the environment negatively due to disinfectant-contaminated waste sludge and wastewater. Today, most treatments worldwide are based on hypochlorites. We investigated the extent of corrosion during treatments of steel at relevant conditions of ozone, sodium, and calcium hypochlorite for drinking water preparation, utilizing weight loss, electrochemical, solution analytical, and surface analytical methods. The ozone treatment caused significantly less corrosion as compared with sodium or calcium hypochlorite with 150–250 mg/L active chlorine. Hypochlorite or other chlorine-containing compounds were trapped in corrosion products after the surface disinfection treatment with hypochlorite, and this risked influencing subsequent corrosion after the surface disinfection treatment. A life cycle impact assessment suggested ozone treatment to have the lowest negative effects on human health, ecosystems, and resources. Calcium hypochlorite showed the highest negative environmental impact due to its production phase. Our study suggests that ozone surface disinfection treatments are preferable as compared with hypochlorite treatments from corrosion, economic, and environmental perspectives.
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| 23. |
- Svedung-Wettervik, Teodor, et al.
(författare)
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Intracranial pressure dynamics and cerebral vasomotor reactivity in community-acquired bacterial meningitis during neurointensive care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery. - : American Association of Neurological Surgeons. - 0022-3085 .- 1933-0693. ; 136:3, s. 831-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) is a severe condition associated with high mortality. In this study the first aim was to evaluate the incidence of intracranial pressure (ICP) insults and disturbances in cerebral vasomotor reactivity and the second aim was to evaluate the management and clinical outcome of CABM patients treated in the neurointensive care unit (NICU).METHODS: CABM patients who were treated in the NICU of Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, during 2008–2020 were included in the study. Data on demographics, admission variables, treatment, ICP dynamics, vasomotor reactivity, and short-term clinical outcome were evaluated in these patients.RESULTS: Of 97 CABM patients, 81 (84%) received ICP monitoring, of whom 22% had ICP > 20 mm Hg during 5% or more of the monitoring time on day 1, which decreased to 9% on day 3. For those patients with ICP monitoring, 46% required CSF drainage, but last-tier ICP treatment, including thiopental (4%) and decompressive craniectomy (1%), was rare. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity was disturbed, with a mean pressure reactivity index (PRx) above 0.2 in 45% of the patients on day 1, and remained high for the first 3 days. In total, 81 (84%) patients had a favorable outcome (Glasgow Coma Scale motor score [GCS M] 6) at discharge, 9 (9%) patients had an unfavorable outcome (GCS M < 6) at discharge, and 7 (7%) patients died in the NICU. Those with favorable outcome had significantly better cerebral vasomotor reactivity (lower PRx) than the two other outcome groups (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial hypertension was frequent following severe CABM and CSF drainage was often sufficient to control ICP. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity was commonly disturbed and associated with poor outcome. Clinical outcome was slightly better than in earlier studies.
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- Säll, Olof, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and persistence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage in Swedish university students
- 2023
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterium Neisseria meningitidis causes life-threatening disease worldwide, typically with a clinical presentation of sepsis or meningitis, but can be carried asymptomatically as part of the normal human oropharyngeal microbiota. The aim of this study was to examine N. meningitidis carriage with regard to prevalence, risk factors for carriage, distribution of meningococcal lineages and persistence of meningococcal carriage. Throat samples and data from a self-reported questionnaire were obtained from 2744 university students (median age: 23 years) at a university in Sweden on four occasions during a 12-month period. Meningococcal isolates were characterised using whole-genome sequencing. The carriage rate among the students was 9.1% (319/3488; 95% CI 8.2-10.1). Factors associated with higher carriage rate were age ≤22 years, previous tonsillectomy, cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol and attending parties, pubs and clubs. Female gender and sharing a household with children aged 0-9 years were associated with lower carriage. The most frequent genogroups were capsule null locus (cnl), group B and group Y and the most commonly identified clonal complexes (cc) were cc198 and cc23. Persistent carriage with the same meningococcal strain for 12 months was observed in two students. Follow-up times exceeding 12 months are recommended for future studies investigating long-term carriage of N. meningitidis.
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