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- Gratzke, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Cannabinor, a Selective Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Agonist, Improves Bladder Emptying in Rats With Partial Urethral Obstruction
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF UROLOGY. - : Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam. - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 185:2, s. 731-736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We studied the effects of chronic treatment with the novel selective cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist cannabinor (Procter andamp; Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Cincinnatti, Ohio) on bladder function in conscious rats with partial urethral obstruction and on the functional properties of isolated detrusor muscle. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley(R) rats with surgically created partial urethral obstruction received daily intraperitoneal injections of 3 mg/kg cannabinor (12) or saline as controls (12) for 2 weeks. Cystometry was done, the rats were sacrificed and the bladders were prepared for in vitro studies. Results: Mean +/- SEM bladder weight was 0.97 +/- 0.15 gm in controls and 0.53 +/- 0.08 gm in cannabinor treated rats (p andlt; 0.05). There was no difference between the groups in the mean micturition interval, or mean baseline, threshold, flow or maximum pressure. In controls and cannabinor treated rats mean post-void residual volume was 0.28 +/- 0.07 and 0.06 +/- 0.02 ml, mean micturition compliance was 0.032 +/- 0.006 and 0.069 +/- 0.016 ml/cm H2O, and mean bladder wall force at the start of flow was 950 +/- 280 and 1,647 +/- 325 mN/gm, respectively (each p andlt; 0.05). Nonvoiding contractions were significantly less frequent in cannabinor treated rats than in controls. We noted no difference in carbachol (Sigma(R)) half maximum concentration between the groups but the carbachol maximum response in detrusor strips from cannabinor treated rats was significantly higher than that in control strips. Conclusions: In rats with partial urethral obstruction treated daily for 14 days with cannabinor bladder weight was lower, the ability to empty the bladder was preserved and nonvoiding contraction frequency was low compared to those in controls. Detrusor preparations from cannabinor treated rats showed a higher response to nerve stimulation than those from controls. Selective cannabinoid 2 receptor activation may be a novel principle to enable improved bladder function after partial urethral obstruction.
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| 2. |
- Paulsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable bridges : results from a European integrated project
- 2010
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Ingår i: Large structures and infrastructures for environmentally constrained and urbanised areas. - Zurich : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. - 9783857481222
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Europe there are more than 1 million bridges, many of them older than 50 years and quite a few of the railway bridges even have an age of more than100 years. These bridges represent a large value. Often there is a wish to increase speed and loads on existing bridges and then the question is if a bridge can be strengthened to fulfil the demands, or if it has to be replaced with a new one? This was the background for a European integrated research project within the 6th Framework Programme named "Sustainable Bridges". The project was carried out between 2003 and 2007 with 32 partners from 12 countries and with a gross budget of more than 10 million Euros. The aim of the project was to help to increase the use of the European railway network. For bridges, this can only be achieved by allowing higher axle loads on freight vehicles and by increasing the maximum permissible speed of passenger trains. In turn, any strengthening or maintenance work on the existing bridge stock to help in meeting this challenge must be undertaken without causing unnecessary disruption to the carriage of passengers and goods, and without compromising the safety and economy of the working railway. The project has developed many background documents and the following four major guidelines:(a) Inspection and Condition Assessment of Railway Bridges (b) Load and Resistance Assessment of Railway Bridges (c) Monitoring of Railway Bridges (d) Repair and Strengthening of Railway Bridges The results have been tested and demonstrated on several bridges in order to promote better engineering solutions which may produce savings throughout Europe. In the paper reflections on the efficiency and dissemination of the project will be given as well as examples of results and how they now are implemented. All major results from the project are available at the website http://www.sustainablebridges.net/.
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