| 1. |
- Wasserman, D, et al.
(författare)
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Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders: State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1778-3585. ; 63:1, s. e82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care.Methods.The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions.Results.We analyzed the survey categorical data in themes, which highlight that both medical and legal actors are involved in involuntary admission procedures.Conclusions.We conclude that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient, that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedures and patient rights with both patients and family advocacy groups is paramount, that communication about procedures should be widely available in lay-language for the general population, and that training sessions and guidance should be available for legal and medical practitioners. Finally, people working in the field need to be constantly aware about the ethical challenges surrounding compulsory admissions.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Murray, Alison E., et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap for naming uncultivated Archaea and Bacteria
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2058-5276. ; 5:8, s. 987-994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assembly of single-amplified genomes (SAGs) and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) has led to a surge in genome-based discoveries of members affiliated with Archaea and Bacteria, bringing with it a need to develop guidelines for nomenclature of uncultivated microorganisms. The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) only recognizes cultures as 'type material', thereby preventing the naming of uncultivated organisms. In this Consensus Statement, we propose two potential paths to solve this nomenclatural conundrum. One option is the adoption of previously proposed modifications to the ICNP to recognize DNA sequences as acceptable type material; the other option creates a nomenclatural code for uncultivated Archaea and Bacteria that could eventually be merged with the ICNP in the future. Regardless of the path taken, we believe that action is needed now within the scientific community to develop consistent rules for nomenclature of uncultivated taxa in order to provide clarity and stability, and to effectively communicate microbial diversity. In this Consensus Statement, the authors discuss the issue of naming uncultivated prokaryotic microorganisms, which currently do not have a formal nomenclature system due to a lack of type material or cultured representatives, and propose two recommendations including the recognition of DNA sequences as type material.
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| 4. |
- Mei, Zulin, et al.
(författare)
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Inconsistent responses of carabid beetles and spiders to land-use intensity and landscape complexity in north-western Europe
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reconciling biodiversity conservation with agricultural production requires a better understanding of how key ecosystem service providing species respond to agricultural intensification. Carabid beetles and spiders represent two widespread guilds providing biocontrol services. Here we surveyed carabid beetles and spiders in 66 winter wheat fields in four northwestern European countries and analyzed how the activity density and diversity of carabid beetles and spiders were related to crop yield (proxy for land-use intensity), percentage cropland (proxy for landscape complexity) and soil organic carbon content, and whether these patterns differed between dominant and non-dominant species. <17 % of carabid or spider species were classified as dominant, which accounted for >90 % of individuals respectively. We found that carabids and spiders were generally related to different aspects of agricultural intensification. Carabid species richness was positively related with crop yield and evenness was negatively related to crop cover. The activity density of non-dominant carabids was positively related with soil organic carbon content. Meanwhile, spider species richness and non-dominant spider species richness and activity density were all negatively related to percentage cropland. Our results show that practices targeted to enhance one functionally important guild may not promote another key guild, which helps explain why conservation measures to enhance natural enemies generally do not ultimately enhance pest regulation. Dominant and non-dominant species of both guilds showed mostly similar responses suggesting that management practices to enhance service provisioning by a certain guild can also enhance the overall diversity of that particular guild.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Costantini, E. A.C., et al.
(författare)
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Local adaptation strategies to increase or maintain soil organic carbon content under arable farming in Europe : Inspirational ideas for setting operational groups within the European innovation partnership
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167. ; 79, s. 102-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the European Union, the setting of Operational Groups (OG) is supported by the European Innovation Partnership to tackle specific problems and favor innovation in agriculture. They constitute an important aspect of the current Common Agricultural Policy. Increasing or maintaining soil organic carbon (SOC) content under arable farming has been acknowledged as a primary target of European agriculture. SOC-preserving agriculture needs its techniques to be tailored to local conditions, namely, the combination of factors related to the environment (climate and soil characteristics), to the farming system (land use type, farm specialization, crop management), but also to the social and cultural context (market and availability of production means, subsidies, farmers’ education, propensity for innovation and change). In this paper we present inspirational ideas and show success examples of local adaptations strategies to increase or maintain SOC content in soils under arable farming in Europe. They include: · Adoption of soil management strategies to improve SOC storage in irrigated systems. · Precision farming and other high-tech solutions able to generate local diagnosis and adaptive strategies for increasing SOC and reducing greenhouse gasses emissions. · Innovative strategies for extending soil cover periods and introducing cover crops in rotations in areas with limited water availability or prone to harsh weather conditions. · Management of rainfed and low input crops to maintain and increase SOC in dry climates and erosive prone soils. These case studies could facilitate the setting up of OGs and the application of innovative practices in different European countries.
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| 7. |
- Grahn, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Small ZSM-5 crystals with low defect density as an effective catalyst for conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons
- 2020
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Ingår i: Catalysis Today. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0920-5861 .- 1873-4308. ; 345, s. 136-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents the synthesis of nearly defect-free ZSM-5 nanosized crystals, prepared in fluoride medium by seeding with silicalite-1. This material was carefully characterized and its catalytic performances in the methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction were assessed. Such fluoride-based material was compared to a reference ZSM-5, produced through a conventional alkaline synthesis but from the same seeding. Despite both the materials show closely identical morphology and they have a comparable acid site population, the catalyst prepared using the fluoride route showed significantly longer lifetime in MTH compared to the catalyst prepared using conventional synthesis at high pH. The slower deactivation for the samples prepared using the fluoride route was ascribed, thanks to a thorough in situ IR spectroscopy study, to its lower density of internal defects. According to the UV-Raman characterization of coke on the spent catalyst, the fluoride-based ZSM-5 catalyst produces less molecular coke species, most probably because of the absence of enlarged cavities/channels as due to the presence of internal defects. On the basis of these observations, the deactivation mechanism in the ZSM-5 synthesized by fluoride medium could be mostly related to the deposition of an external layer of bulk coke, whereas in the alkali-synthesized catalyst an additional effect from molecular coke accumulating within the porous network accelerates the deactivation process.
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| 8. |
- Hedlund, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling diffusion resistance, selectivity and deactivation of ZSM-5 catalysts by crystal thickness and defects
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Catalysis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9517 .- 1090-2694. ; 410, s. 320-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systematic investigation of two sets of defect free and defective ZSM-5 crystals with controlled thickness (T) between 30 and 400 nm and of their performances in methanol conversion was reported for the first time in the present work. The defect free ZSM-5 crystals with a thickness of 35 nm are by far the smallest ever reported and displayed superior activity, stability and selectivity to slower diffusing compounds, which resulted in high yield of e.g. gasoline and the 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene isomer with high octane number, as compared to the other studied catalysts. Almost only products forming in the zeolite pores were detected and consequently, the external surface must be nearly inactive. Strong correlations between T and deactivation rate were observed. Thick crystals deactivated much faster than thin crystals, probably due to formation of carbon species in the zeolite pores, which results in pronounced percolation effects and faster deactivation of the former. At comparable thickness, crystals with defects deactivated much faster than defect free crystals, due to formation of additional small molecular coke species in the former. Strong correlations between T and selectivity were also observed and assigned to control of diffusion resistance by crystal thickness.
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| 9. |
- Sthen Bergdahl, Magne, et al.
(författare)
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Calf Muscle Oxygenation is Impaired and May Decline with Age in Young Patients with Total Cavopulmonary Connection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pediatric Cardiology. - : Springer. - 0172-0643 .- 1432-1971. ; 43:2, s. 449-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients palliated with Total Cavopulmonary Connection have a lower muscle mass and a lower exercise capacity. We assessed calf muscle oxidative metabolism during and after heel raise exercise to exhaustion in young patients with TCPC compared to healthy peers. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used for measuring oxygen metabolism in the medial portion of the gastrocnemius muscle. Forty-three patients with TCPC, aged 6–18 years, were compared with 43 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Subgroups were formed to include children (6–12 years) and adolescents (13–18 years) to determine if these age groups influenced the results. During exercise, for the patients compared to controls there was a lower increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin (oxygen extraction) (5.13 ± 2.99au vs. 7.75 ± 4.15au, p = 0.001) and a slower rate of change in total hemoglobin (blood volume) (0.004 ± 0.015au vs 0.016 ± 0.01au, p = 0.001). Following exercise, patients exhibited a slower initial increase in tissue oxygenation saturation index (0.144 ± 0.11au vs 0.249 ± 0.226au, p = 0.007) and a longer half-time to maximum hyperemia (23.7 ± 11.4 s vs 16.8 ± 7.5 s, p = 0.001). On the subgroup level, the adolescents differed compared to healthy peers, whereas the children did not. Young patients with TCPC had impaired oxidative metabolism during exercise and required a longer time to recover. In that the differences were seen in the adolescent group and not in the children group may indicate a declining function with age.
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| 10. |
- Weinhold, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
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The transient receptor potential A1 ion channel (TRPA1) modifies in vivo autonomous ureter peristalsis in rats
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neurourology and Urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777. ; 40:1, s. 147-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The current study aimed to explore the expression of transient receptor potential A1 ion channels (TRPA1) in the rat ureter and to assess if TRPA1-active compounds modulate ureter function. Methods: The expression of TRPA1 in rat ureter tissue was studied by immunofluorescence. The TRPA1 distribution was compared to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), α-actin (SMA1), anoctamin-1 (ANO1), and c-kit. For in vivo analyses, a catheter was implanted in the right ureter of 50 rats. Ureter peristalsis and pressures were continuously recorded by a data acquisition set-up during intraluminal infusion of saline (baseline), saline plus protamine sulfate (PS; to disrupt the urothelium), saline plus PS with hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) or cinnamaldehyde (CA). Comparisons were made between rats treated systemically with vehicle or a TRPA1-antagonist (HC030031). Results: TRPA1-immunoreactive nerves co-expressed CGRP and were mainly located in the suburothelial region of the ureter. Immunoreactivity for TRPA1 was also encountered in c-kit-positive but ANO1-negative cells of the ureter suburothelium and wall. In vivo, HC030031-treated rats had elevated baseline peristaltic frequency (p < 0.05) and higher intraluminal pressures (p < 0.01). PS increased the frequency of ureter peristalsis versus baseline in vehicle-treated rats (p < 0.001) but not in HC030031-treated rats. CA (p < 0.001) and NaHS (p < 0.001) decreased ureter peristalsis. This was counteracted by HC030031 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). Conclusions: In rats, TRPA1 is expressed on cellular structures considered of importance for peristaltic and mechanoafferent functions of the ureter. Functional data indicate that TRPA1-mediated signals regulate ureter peristalsis. This effect was pronounced after mucosal disruption and suggests a role for TRPA1 in ureter pathologies involving urothelial damage.
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| 11. |
- Zhou, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Oligoamine ionic liquids supported on mesoporous microspheres for CO2 separation with good sorption kinetics and low cost
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of CO2 Utilization. - : Elsevier. - 2212-9820 .- 2212-9839. ; 39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ionic liquids display good CO2 absorption capacity but poor absorption kinetics and high costs. In the present work, we show that these problems can be solved by impregnating the new low cost ionic liquid pentaethylenehexammonium chloride [PEHA][Cl] and the corresponding amine precursor on a low cost mesoporous microsphere support. Nitrogen adsorption/ desorption, high-resolution SEM and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to analyze the structural and thermal properties of the prepared sorbents. The CO2 adsorption and desorption performance was studied by column experiments and mathematical models were fitted to the data. The results showed that sorbents displayed excellent sorption kinetics and capacity, comparable to the best reports in the literature. In addition, the sorbents could be regenerated and displayed high thermal stability. Finally, the costs of the sorbents developed in the present work is much lower than previously reported sorbents. Therefore this novel supported IL system could be promising for industrial CO2 removal and recovery applications.
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