| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Meurling, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Diurnal variations of the dominant cycle length of chronic atrial fibrillation
- 2001
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology. - 1522-1539. ; 280:1, s. 401-406
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-resolution digital Holter recording was carried out in 21 patients (15 men, 64 +/- 12 yr) with chronic atrial fibrillation. Dominating atrial cycle length (DACL) was derived by frequency domain analysis of QRST-reduced electrocardiograms. Daytime mean DACL was 150 +/- 17 ms, and nighttime mean was 157 +/- 22 ms (P = 0. 0002). Diurnal fluctuation in DACL differed among patients: it tended to be virtually absent in those with a short mean DACL, but in those with longer DACL the night-day difference was as much as 23 ms (R = 0.72, P < 0.001, correlation of mean DACL to night-day difference). Mean DACL also correlated with ventricular cycle length (R = 0.40, P < 0.001), particularly at night (r = 0.49). The shorter cycle lengths found in this study during the day are consistent with sympathetic and/or other physiological modulation, but since increased vagal tone shortens atrial refractoriness in most models, parasympathetic influences are not likely to play a major role. Alternatively, atrial effective refractory period may not be the sole determinant of atrial cycle length during atrial fibrillation.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR, ErbB2-4) in gliomas and meningiomas
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 108:2, s. 135-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB1) correlates with enhanced malignant potential of many human tumor types including glioblastoma multiforme. The significance of EGFR expression in meningiomas is, however, unclear. Reports regarding the other EGFR family members, ErbB2-4, in brain tumors are sparse. In this study, the expression of the EGFR family members was analyzed in relation to various parameters for the clinical importance of these receptors in 44 gliomas and 26 meningiomas. In gliomas, quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR revealed the highest EGFR mRNA expression in high-grade gliomas, while ErbB2 and ErbB3 mRNA were detected only in a few high-grade gliomas. In contrast, ErbB4 expression was most pronounced in low-grade gliomas. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly higher EGFR protein expression in high-grade gliomas compared to low-grade gliomas (P= 0.004). ErbB2 protein expression was mainly seen in high-grade gliomas. ErbB3 protein expression was low in all gliomas analyzed. ErbB4 protein expression was significantly higher in low-grade gliomas than in high-grade gliomas (P= 0.007). In meningiomas, quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed expression of EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB4 mRNA in the majority of the tumors. ErbB3 was detected in only one of the meningiomas analyzed. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated high ErbB2 protein expression in meningiomas. An intriguing observation in astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas grade II, was a significantly decreased overall survival for patients with high EGFR protein expression (P= 0.04). The high ErbB4 expression in low-grade compared to high-grade gliomas might suggest that ErbB4 acts as a suppressor of malignant transformation in brain tumors, which is in line with previous studies in other tumor types.
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Rapid induction of long-lasting drug efflux activity in brain vascular endothelial cells but not malignant glioma following irradiation
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 19:1, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of radiotherapy on malignant glioma multidrug resistance to chemotherapy was evaluated because patients with glioma often are treated with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance gene (MDR1, mdr1a, and mdr1b) transcripts were found in human and rat glioma cell lines. P-Glycoprotein (Pgp) was immunohistochemically detected in glioma cell lines and in the rat brain vascular endothelial cell line (RBE4). A multidrug resistance pump efflux activity assay demonstrated increased calcein efflux of RBE4 endothelial cells, but not glioma cells, 2 h after irradiation and still increased 14 d after irradiation. The increased efflux was equally inhibited by verapamil with or without irradiation. In the rat intracranial glioma model (BT4C), Pgp was demonstrated in capillary endothelial cells of the tumor tissue and surrounding normal brain, but not in tumor cells. The expression of gene transcripts or Pgp was not affected by irradiation. The results indicate that long-lasting verapamil-resistant drug efflux mechanisms are activated in brain endothelial cells after irradiation. The results might explain the poor efficacy of chemotherapy following radiotherapy and contribute to consideration of new treatment strategies in the management of malignant glioma.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Hagelin, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of the palladium catalyzed aromatic coupling of pyridine derivatives
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Catalysis A. - 1381-1169 .- 1873-314X. ; 164:1-2, s. 137-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coupling reaction of 4-methylpyridine to form 4,4 ' -dimethyl-2,2 ' -bipyridine using a carbon-supported palladium catalyst was studied. Whereas previous research indicated that the reaction is catalyzed by palladium(0), we have found evidence that the reaction is catalyzed by palladium(II). Although oxygen can be used as the oxidative agent, the reaction is ultimately Limited by catalyst deactivation. The major source of deactivation is most likely depletion of the palladium(II) oxide. The catalyst is reduced during the reaction and in the case of the oxygen-treated catalyst a small amount of palladium appears to be dissolved. In an investigation of the catalyst using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) it was found that deactivation is also caused by poisoning, the poison being either the product and/or the by-product.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Hedman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Browsing thumbnails : a comparison of three techniques
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces. - : SRCE University Computing Centre, Univ. of Zagreb. ; , s. 353-360
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a usability study comparing three different browser alternatives (iconic, zoom-and-pan, and fisheye) for an electronic bulletin board containing thumbnails of notes. The iconic browser behaves in the manner of a standard windowing system. The zoom-and-pan browser allows the user to pan over a note and zoom to a readable size. The fisheye browser was an implementation of the bifocal view. We conducted an experiment where 21 subjects performed browsing tasks with each browser. We found that users performed best with the iconic browser and that young people (20-25) were significantly faster than older (31-53).
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Hedman, Christina, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment with insulin lispro changes the insulin profile but does not affect the plasma concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 in type 1 diabetes
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 55:1, s. 107-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE IGF-I levels in patients with type 1 diabetes without endogenous insulin production are low. Our aim was to examine whether the plasma insulin profile obtained by treatment with the insulin analogue lispro has a different effect on plasma concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 than that seen during treatment with conventional human insulin (regular insulin).DESIGN AND PATIENTS Twelve patients with type 1 diabetes, age 47·8 ± 2·4 years (mean ± SEM), body mass index 26·5 ± 1·0 kg/m2, diabetes duration 30·5 ± 3·2 years participated in this open label randomized cross-over study. IGF-I and IGFBP-1 levels were measured at the end of 6 weeks treatment with each insulin being administered by a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. IGF-I was measured fasting while IGFBP-1, free insulin and blood glucose were measured fasting and repeatedly after a morning meal preceded by an insulin bolus dose.RESULTS Lispro gave a marked insulin peak of 135 ± 20 pmol/l 50 minutes after injection. After an initial rapid rise, human regular insulin reached a plateau of approximately 50 pmol/l. The plasma free insulin area under the curve (AUC) from 0710 h to 0910 h was more than twice as large on lispro as on regular insulin (P = 0·01). Plasma IGF-I concentration was 78·8 ± 10·9 µg/l on lispro and 82·3 ± 10·5 µg/l on human regular insulin (not significant). AUC for IGFBP-1 did not show a significant difference even when divided from 0710 h to 0910 h and from 0930 h to 1430 h. Blood glucose AUC after administration of the bolus was significantly lower during treatment with lispro (P = 0·006) but glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 6·4 ± 0·2% on both therapies.CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the effect of lispro on IGF-I and IGFBP-1 in patients with type 1 diabetes does not differ from that of human regular insulin.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Hillert, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental illness--effectiveness of a salutogenic group-intervention programme
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 30:3, s. 166-175
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Hypersensitivity to electricity (HE) is a common form of reported environmental illness in Sweden. Functional somatic symptoms has been attributed to exposure to activated electrical equipment, but no causal relationship to electromagnetic fields has been proved. In many cases, traumatic life events and psychosocial stress can be identified, but patients often reject psychological explanations. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a new short-term group-intervention programme. Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed a short-term group-intervention programme, with a salutogenic approach that focuses on somatic and psychological reactions. Twenty-two patients (14 women and 8 men) who reported HE participated in eight weekly sessions of group meetings and physiotherapy. The effect of the programme was evaluated with regard to changes in work capacity, subjective well-being, coping ability, body awareness and physical fitness. Results: Contrary to our hypothesis physical fitness was not remarkably low. Muscular tension was reduced and body awareness increased but no significant change in symptoms was observed. Individual differences in progress were observed. Fourteen patients chose to continue with psychotherapy or physiotherapy. Conclusions: Participants accepted the programme very well. One important result was identification of underlying contributing factors and motivation for further therapy. A multidisciplinary group-intervention programme with a salutogenic approach might be a useful approach to patients with medically unexplained symptoms in primary healthcare.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Klockar, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Usability of mobile phones
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Human Factors in Telecommunications. ; , s. 197-204
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 23. |
- Lithell, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Epidemiological and clinical studies on insulin resistance and diabetes
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734. ; 105:2, s. 135-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In Uppsala, extensive epidemiological and clinical studies on insulin resistance and diabetes have been ongoing for the past 30 years. A prospective cohort study of men born 1920-24, living in Uppsala County, was initiated during 1969-74 (the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, ULSAM). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease were examined in 2,322 men, and re-examinations have been performed every 10 years. At the first follow-up, when the men were 60 years old, insulin resistance was found to be a risk factor for development of hypertension and diabetes. In addition, treatment with antihypertensive medication was an independent risk factor for development of diabetes. These findings resulted in a series of clinical studies on metabolic effects of antihypertensive agents. At the second follow-up, when the men were 70 years old, the development of hypertension and diabetes was once again in focus, but at this time, cross-sectional and prospective studies of other cardiovascular determinants, such as circadian blood pressure pattern, left ventricular geometry and function, muscle morphology, ion status, fibrinolysis and cognitive function, were also performed. The cohort has furthermore been linked to the Swedish census and hospital discharge and cause of death registries, it has been used for studies on relationships between birth weight and cardiovascular disease, and genetic analyses have been performed, taking advantage of the long observation time obtained in this cohort. The cohort is currently being re-examined for the third time, and will hopefully continue to provide valuable information on the epidemiology of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the future.
|
|
| 24. |
- Palmieri, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Estrogen receptor beta in breast cancer
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Endocrine-related cancer. - : Bioscientifica. - 1351-0088. ; 9:1, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogen is essential for normal growth and differentiation in the mammary gland. It also supports growth of approximately 50% of primary breast cancers. For this reason, removal of estrogen or blocking of its action with the anti-estrogen, tamoxifen, is the main treatment for estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-positive tumors. In 1996, when oncologists became aware of a second ER, ERbeta, there was some doubt as to whether this receptor would be of importance in breast cancer because the clinical consensus was that responsiveness to tamoxifen is related to the presence of ERalpha in breast cancer. Today we know that ERalpha and ERbeta have distinct cellular distributions, regulate separate sets of genes and can oppose each other's actions on some genes. We also know that ERbeta is widely expressed in both the normal and malignant breast and that there are proliferating cells in the breast which express ERbeta. In this review we summarize what is known about ERbeta in breast cancer and examine the possibility that ERbeta-selective ligands may well represent a useful class of pharmacological tools with a novel target, namely proliferating cells expressing ERbeta.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Strom, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Validation and learning in the Procedicus KSA virtual reality surgical simulator : Implementing a new safety culture in medical school
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Surgical Endoscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-2794 .- 1432-2218. ; 17:2, s. 227-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Advanced simulator training within medicine is a rapidly growing field. Virtual reality simulators are being introduced as cost-saving educational tools, which also lead to increased patient safety. Methods: Fifteen medical students were included in the study. For 10 medical students performance was monitored, before and after 1 h of training, in two endoscopic simulators (the Procedicus KSA with haptic feedback and anatomical graphics and the established MIST simulator without this haptic feedback and graphics). Five medical students performed 50 tests in the Procedicus KSA in order to analyze learning curves. One of these five medical students performed multiple training sessions during 2 weeks and performed more than 300 tests. Results: There was a significant improvement after 1 h of training regarding time, movement economy, and total score. The results in the two simulators were highly correlated. Conclusion: Our results show that the use of surgical simulators as a pedagogical tool in medical student training is encouraging. It shows rapid learning curves and our suggestion is to introduce endoscopic simulator training in undergraduate medical education during the course in surgery when motivation is high and before the development of "negative stereotypes" and incorrect practices.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Svedhem, V, et al.
(författare)
-
Disseminated infection with Encephalitozoon intestinalis in AIDS patients: Report of 2 cases
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 34:9, s. 703-705
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microsporidiosis must be regarded as a late opportunistic infection when HIV is advanced. In this article we describe 2 cases of disseminated infection with Encephalitozoon intestinalis. The first case had a local intestinal infection for > 1 y before it disseminated and microsporidia were found intracellularly in sputum. In the second case, spores were initially found in conjunctival cells, sinus lavage, sputum and urine. This patient had clinical symptoms and radiological findings from the central nervous system. Signs of cerebral lymphoma developed after treatment of the opportunistic microsporidial infection.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
