| 1. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Discharge planning of stroke patients : the relatives' perceptions of participation
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. - 0962-1067 ; 18:6, s. 857-865
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe relatives' perceived participation in discharge planning for patients with stroke and identify correlates to perceived participation. Stroke affects both patients and their relatives and previous research shows that relatives were often dissatisfied with their perceived involvement in discharge planning and the information they get. Prospective cross-sectional study. The study comprised 152 consecutively enrolled relatives (mean age = 60.8 years) of acute stroke patients admitted to a stroke unit in southern Sweden during 2003-2005. Data were collected through interviews 2-3 weeks after discharge using 'Relative's Questionnaire about Participation in Discharge planning'. This instrument measures perceived participation in three subscales: R-Information-Illness, R-Information-Care/support, and R-Goals and Needs. The Overall Rating of Relative's Perceived Participation in Discharge Planning was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) (1-10 score). Among the relatives, 56-68% reported positively according to R-Information-Illness, but 46-53% perceived that they did not receive any information about care/medication/rehabilitation/support. About 80% perceived no participation at all in goals and needs. The mean value of the VAS was 3.89 (SD 3.40) score. Regression analyses revealed that longer stay at hospital, patients with higher education, and relatives of female patients and female relatives were associated with relatives' perceptions of higher participation in discharge planning. Relatives perceived that they needed more information and knowledge about stroke and care/medication/rehabilitation/support. They also needed to be more involved in goal-setting and in identifying patient needs. Professionals should take into consideration these associated variables to improve relatives' perceived participation. Clinicians should give more attention to the altered situation of stroke patients' relatives when planning for continuing care and when setting postdischarge goals for the patients. The professionals need to develop strategies to involve relatives in sharing information, goal-setting and needs assessment in discharge planning.
|
|
| 2. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Discharge planning of stroke patients : the relatives' perceptions of participation
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 18:6, s. 857-865
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe relatives' perceived participation in discharge planning for patients with stroke and identify correlates to perceived participation. Stroke affects both patients and their relatives and previous research shows that relatives were often dissatisfied with their perceived involvement in discharge planning and the information they get. Prospective cross-sectional study. The study comprised 152 consecutively enrolled relatives (mean age = 60.8 years) of acute stroke patients admitted to a stroke unit in southern Sweden during 2003-2005. Data were collected through interviews 2-3 weeks after discharge using 'Relative's Questionnaire about Participation in Discharge planning'. This instrument measures perceived participation in three subscales: R-Information-Illness, R-Information-Care/support, and R-Goals and Needs. The Overall Rating of Relative's Perceived Participation in Discharge Planning was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) (1-10 score). Among the relatives, 56-68% reported positively according to R-Information-Illness, but 46-53% perceived that they did not receive any information about care/medication/rehabilitation/support. About 80% perceived no participation at all in goals and needs. The mean value of the VAS was 3.89 (SD 3.40) score. Regression analyses revealed that longer stay at hospital, patients with higher education, and relatives of female patients and female relatives were associated with relatives' perceptions of higher participation in discharge planning. Relatives perceived that they needed more information and knowledge about stroke and care/medication/rehabilitation/support. They also needed to be more involved in goal-setting and in identifying patient needs. Professionals should take into consideration these associated variables to improve relatives' perceived participation. Clinicians should give more attention to the altered situation of stroke patients' relatives when planning for continuing care and when setting postdischarge goals for the patients. The professionals need to develop strategies to involve relatives in sharing information, goal-setting and needs assessment in discharge planning.
|
|
| 3. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Discharged after stroke - important factors for health-related quality of life
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:15-16, s. 2196-2206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. This study examines different correlates to health-related quality (HRQoL) of life after discharge in patients with stroke. Background. HRQoL is an important aspect of life after suffering a stroke. Previous research has revealed several variables associated with poststroke quality of life, including age, gender, depression, fatigue, length of hospital stay, functional status and amount of social participation. However, the time span after stroke varies greatly in the different studies. Although the multiple factors that contribute to short-term postdischarge HRQoL have potential importance for discharge planning, to our knowledge, these factors have not been systematically investigated during the earlier days following discharge. Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The sample consisted of 188 consecutively included individuals (mean age 74 years, 56% men) from a stroke unit in southern Sweden. The interviews were performed two to three weeks after discharge and included use of the SF-36, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Barthel Index, the Frenchay Activities Index, performance of interests and survey of patients' perceived participation in discharge planning. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with HRQoL. Results. Multiple regression analyses with the eight scales of SF-36 as dependent variables revealed eight models, one for each scale, which were statistically significant. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower HRQoL. Ability to perform personal and social activities, interests, younger age, education (elementary school) and shorter hospital stay were related to higher HRQoL. Patients' perceived participation in discharge planning was both positively and negatively associated with HRQoL. Conclusions. Several variables were related to good HRQoL two to three weeks post-discharge, particularly fewer depressive symptoms, participation in social activities such as outdoor activities and performance of interests. Relevance to clinical practice. These results can be used to design needs assessment forms of discharge planning to promote adaptation and recovery after stroke.
|
|
| 4. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Discharged after stroke - important factors for health-related quality of life.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:15-16, s. 2196-2206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: This study examines different correlates to health-related quality (HRQoL) of life after discharge in patients with stroke.BACKGROUND: HRQoL is an important aspect of life after suffering a stroke. Previous research has revealed several variables associated with poststroke quality of life, including age, gender, depression, fatigue, length of hospital stay, functional status and amount of social participation. However, the time span after stroke varies greatly in the different studies. Although the multiple factors that contribute to short-term postdischarge HRQoL have potential importance for discharge planning, to our knowledge, these factors have not been systematically investigated during the earlier days following discharge.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.METHODS: The sample consisted of 188 consecutively included individuals (mean age 74 years, 56% men) from a stroke unit in southern Sweden. The interviews were performed two to three weeks after discharge and included use of the SF-36, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Barthel Index, the Frenchay Activities Index, performance of interests and survey of patients' perceived participation in discharge planning. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with HRQoL.RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses with the eight scales of SF-36 as dependent variables revealed eight models, one for each scale, which were statistically significant. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower HRQoL. Ability to perform personal and social activities, interests, younger age, education (elementary school) and shorter hospital stay were related to higher HRQoL. Patients' perceived participation in discharge planning was both positively and negatively associated with HRQoL.CONCLUSIONS: Several variables were related to good HRQoL two to three weeks post-discharge, particularly fewer depressive symptoms, participation in social activities such as outdoor activities and performance of interests.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These results can be used to design needs assessment forms of discharge planning to promote adaptation and recovery after stroke.
|
|
| 5. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Patients' perceptions of their participation in discharge planning after acute stroke
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 18:2, s. 199-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives. To describe stroke patients' perceptions of their participation in the discharge planning process and identify correlates of perceived participation. Background. Patients have the right to participate in discharge planning, but earlier research has shown that they are often dissatisfied with the information they receive and their involvement in goal-setting during discharge planning. Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The sample consisted of 188 persons (mean age 74 years, SD 11·2) with acute stroke who were admitted to a stroke unit at a hospital in southern Sweden during 2003–2005. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews 2–3 weeks after discharge using the 'Patients' Questionnaire on Participation in Discharge Planning'. This instrument measures perceived participation in discharge planning in three subscales: P-Information, P-Medical Treatment, P-Goals and Needs. Results. The percentage of patients who perceived that they had participated in discharge planning was as follows: 72–90% according to P-Information, 29–38% according to P-Medical Treatment and 15–47% according to P-Goals and Needs. Age, education and performance of activities of daily living were significantly related to perceived participation as measured by different subscales. Conclusions. Most of the patients perceived that they received information, but fewer perceived participation in the planning of medical treatment and needs of care/service/rehabilitation and goal-setting. Professionals need to pay more attention to patients in different subgroups to facilitate their participation in discharge planning. Relevance to clinical practice. To facilitate and increase patients' participation in discharge planning, methods should be implemented for goal-setting and identifying patients' needs. Methods that foster patient participation may improve goal-orientated care, services and rehabilitation after discharge.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Patients' perceptions of their participation in discharge planning after acute stroke
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 18:2, s. 199-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives. To describe stroke patients' perceptions of their participation in the discharge planning process and identify correlates of perceived participation. Background. Patients have the right to participate in discharge planning, but earlier research has shown that they are often dissatisfied with the information they receive and their involvement in goal-setting during discharge planning. Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The sample consisted of 188 persons (mean age 74 years, SD 11·2) with acute stroke who were admitted to a stroke unit at a hospital in southern Sweden during 2003–2005. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews 2–3 weeks after discharge using the 'Patients' Questionnaire on Participation in Discharge Planning'. This instrument measures perceived participation in discharge planning in three subscales: P-Information, P-Medical Treatment, P-Goals and Needs. Results. The percentage of patients who perceived that they had participated in discharge planning was asfollows: 72–90% according to P-Information, 29–38% according to P-Medical Treatment and 15–47% according to P-Goals and Needs. Age, education and performance of activities of daily living were significantly related to perceived participation as measured by different subscales. Conclusions. Most of the patients perceived that they received information, but fewer perceived participation in the planning of medical treatment and needs of care/service/rehabilitation and goal-setting. Professionals need to pay more attention to patients in different subgroups to facilitate their participation in discharge planning. Relevance to clinical practice. To facilitate and increase patients' participation in discharge planning, methods should be implemented for goal-setting and identifying patients' needs. Methods that foster patient participation may improve goal-orientated care, services and rehabilitation after discharge.
|
|
| 8. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene
(författare)
-
Perceived Participation in Discharge Planning and Health Related Quality of Life after Stroke
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the patients’ and their relatives’ perceived participation in discharge planning after stroke and the patients’ health-related quality of life, depressive symptoms, performance of personal daily activities and social activities in connection with discharge. Another aim was to evaluate the psychometric assumptions of the SF-36 for Swedish stroke patients.Prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional designs were used to study all patients with stroke admitted to the stroke unit at a hospital in southern Sweden from October 1, 2003 to November 30, 2005 each with one close relative. The total sample consisted of 188 patients (mean age=74.0 years) and 152 relatives (mean age=60.1 years). Data were collected during interviews, 2-3 weeks after discharge.The results showed that less depressive symptoms, more outdoor activities and performance of interests are important variables that related to higher HRQoL. SF-36 functions well as a measure of health related quality of life in Swedish stroke patients, but the two summary scales have shortcomings. Compared to a Swedish normal population, scores on all scales/components of the SF-36 were lower among stroke patients especially in the middle-aged group. Most of the patients perceived that they received information, but fewer perceived participation in the planning of medical treatment and needs of care/service/rehabilitation and goal setting. The relatives perceived that they need more information and they perceived low participation in goal setting and needs assessment. The professionals seem to lack effective practices for involving patients and their relatives to perceive participation in discharge planning. It is essential to develop and to implement methods for discharge planning, including sharing information, needs assessment with goal setting that facilitate patients’ and relatives’ perceived participation. The results suggest that ICF can be used in goal setting and needs assessment in discharge planning after acute stroke.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Almén, Daniel, 1984-
(författare)
-
Societal Impacts of Modern Conscription : Human Capital, Social Capital and Criminal Behaviour
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Opportunity Costs and Conscription: An Unintended Progressive Tax?Throughout history to present days, policymakers, social commentators and others have oftentimes viewed conscription as a natural extension of secondary education, and an important institution for vocational training. This paper uses Swedish administrative data and exploits a reform in 2004, implying a sudden downsizing of the military, to identify the causal effects of peacetime conscription on later labour market outcomes and education. I find that unemployment increased in the short run, and lasted up to four years after service. There are no significant overall effects on income or educational attainment. However, these average effects hide a large heterogeneity. High ability conscripts fall behind their counterparts who did not start military service, both in terms of income and employment. Furthermore, the results suggest that the effect is attributed to high ability conscripts assigned as privates. In contrast, no such evidence is found for conscripts assigned to officer training, despite the fact that all of them have a high ability, and a longer time in service. Plausibly, high ability conscripts have high opportunity costs of doing military service, and the civilian benefits from training as privates are too small to counteract these costs. The results highlight the importance of precise matching of aptitude to type of training or education, an insight that might be generalized to other contexts beyond conscription.Citizenship, Social Capital and the Role of Conscription: Evidence from SwedenMany scholars have argued that conscription has played an important role as a nation-builder throughout history. Today, advocates of conscription often put forward its potential to induce citizenship and civic engagement. This paper addresses this claim by studying the causal effects of military service on civic engagement by using Swedish administrative data on election participation, blood donation, and the payment of a mandatory, but highly evaded, fee to the public broadcasting service. I study two qualitatively very different conscription systems from two different eras in Sweden, yielding a high external validity. To study the effects of universal conscription (almost all healthy and fit men serve) during the early 1990s, I use an empirical strategy similar in spirit to work using randomly assigned judges as an instrument. To identify the effects of selective conscription (a small fraction of motivated and positively selected men serve), I exploit a reform in 2004, implying a sudden downsizing of the military. In contrast to the previous correlational literature, the results show small and insignificant point estimates for all outcomes in both populations studied. Hence, I find no evidence of any causal effects of military service on civic engagement in either a selective-, or in a universal conscription systemThe Effect of Military Conscription on the Formation of Criminal Behaviour: Evidence from a Natural ExperimentConscription has been suggested to be a policy-tool to break young men's anti-social life-trajectories. This paper uses Swedish administrative data and exploits a reform in 2004, implying a sudden downsizing of the military, to identify the causal effects of peacetime conscription on contemporaneous, short- and medium-term crime. I find no evidence of any effects on criminal activity while in service. However, the post-service results show crime increasing effects of military service at the intensive margin (number of convictions), but not at the extensive margin (probability of conviction). The overall crime increasing effect seems to be primarily driven by thefts. This study finds no support for increased overall violent behaviour or that the military context per se induces anti-social behaviour. Rather, some suggestive evidence for worsened labour market opportunities for some groups is documented as a plausible mechanism behind the crime increasing results.
|
|
| 12. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
From lab-on-a-chip to lab-in-a-cell
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems III. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 0819456926 ; , s. 1-12
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many efforts today trying to mimic the properties of single cells in order to design chips that are as efficient as cells. However, cells are nature's nanotechnology engineering at the scale of atoms and molecules. Therefore, it might be better to vision a microchip that utilizes a single cell as experimentation platform. A novel, so-called Lab-in-a-Cell (LIC) concept is described, where advantage is taken of micro/nanotechnological tools to enable precise control of the biochemical cellular environment and possibility to analyze the composition of single cells. This is followed by a review on the present chip solutions for single cell handling and analysis.
|
|
| 13. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
From LOC to LIC : Using individual cells as experimentation platforms
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Nanobiotechnology. - 1551-1286. ; 1:3, s. 319-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many efforts today trying to mimic the properties of single cells in order to design chips that are as efficient as cells. However, cells are nature's nanotechnology engineering at the scale of atoms and molecules. Therefore, it might be better to vision a microchip that utilizes a single cell as experimentation platform. A novel, so-called Lab-in-a-Cell (LIC) concept is described, where advantage is taken of micro/nanotechnological tools to enable precise control of the biochemical cellular environment and possibility to analyze the composition of single cells.
|
|
| 14. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Microfabrication and microfluidics for tissue engineering : state of the art and future opportunities
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 4:2, s. 98-103
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- An introductory overview of the use of microfluidic devices for tissue engineering is presented. After a brief description of the background of tissue engineering, different application areas of microfluidic devices are examined. Among these are methods for patterning cells, topographical control over cells and tissues, and bioreactors. Examples where microfluidic devices have been employed are presented such as basal lamina, vascular tissue, liver, bone, cartilage and neurons. It is concluded that until today, microfluidic devices have not been used extensively in tissue engineering. Major contributions are expected in two areas. The first is growth of complex tissue, where microfluidic structures ensure a steady blood supply, thereby circumventing the well-known problem of providing larger tissue structures with a continuous flow of oxygen and nutrition, and withdrawal of waste products. The second, and probably more important function of microfluidics, combined with micro/nanotechnology, lies in the development of in vitro physiological systems for studying fundamental biological phenomena.
|
|
| 15. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Microfluidic devices for cellomics : a review
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 92:3, s. 315-325
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A review of microfluidic devices for cellomics is presented. After a brief description of the historical background of Lab-on-Chip (LOC) devices, different areas are reviewed. Devices for cell sampling are presented, followed by cell trapping and cell sorting devices based upon mechanical and electrical principles. Subsequently, a popular type of cell sorters, flow cytometers, is considered, followed by a chapter describing devices for cell treatment: cell lysis, poration/gene transfection and cell fusion devices. Finally a number of microfluidic devices for cellular studies are reviewed. The large amount of very recent publications treated in this review indicates the rapidly growing interest in this exciting application area of LOC.
|
|
| 16. |
- Andersson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Microtechnologies and nanotechnologies for single-cell analysis
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-1669 .- 1879-0429. ; 15:1, s. 44-49
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many efforts are currently underway to try and mimic the properties of single cells with the aim of designing chips that are as efficient as cells. However, cells are nature's nanotechnology engineering at the scale of atoms and molecules, and it might be better to envision a microchip that utilizes a single cell as an experimentation platform. A novel, so-called laboratory-in-a-cell concept has been described, where advantage is taken of micro-and nanotechnological tools to enable precise control of the biochemical cellular environment; these tools also offer the possibility to analyse the composition of single cells. Methods for single-cell handling and analysis are being developed and will be required for this concept to progress further.
|
|
| 17. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Migrating Natives and Foreign Immigration : Is there a Preference for Ethnic Residential Homogeneity?
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the migration behavior of the native population following foreign (refugee) immigration, with a particular focus on examining whether there is support for an ethnically based migration response. If ethnicity is the mechanism driving the change in natives' migration behavior, our maintained hypothesis is that native-born individuals who are ethnically similar to arriving refugees should not change their migration behavior to the same extent as native-born individuals with native-born parents (who are ethnically quite different from refugees). Using rich geo-coded register data from Sweden, spanning over 20 consecutive years, we account for possible endogeneity problems with an improved so-called "shift-share" approach; in particular, our strategy combines policy-induced initial immigrant settlements with exogenous contemporaneous immigration as captured by refugee shocks. We find no evidence of neither native flight nor native avoidance when studying the full population. We do, however, find native flight among individuals who are expected to be more mobile, and within this group, we find that all natives, irrespective of their parents' foreign background, react similarly to increased immigration. Our results therefore indicate that preference for ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods may not be the dominant channel inducing flight. The estimates instead indicate that immigration leads to more socio-economically segregated neighborhoods. This conclusion may have implications for the ethnically based tipping point literature.
|
|
| 18. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Migrating natives and foreign immigration : Is there a preference for ethnic residential homogeneity?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the migration behavior of the native Swedish population following refugee immigration, with a particular focus on examining whether there is support for an ethnically based migration response. Using rich geo-coded Swedish data, we account for possible endogeneity problems by combining policy-induced initial immigrant settlements with exogenous contemporaneous immigration as captured by refugee shocks. We find the same flight among all natives, irrespective of their parental foreign background. This suggests that ethnic distance to the new immigrants is not the dominant channel causing natives' flight behavior. Instead, refugee immigration seems to lead to more socio-economically segregated neighborhoods.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Vill Svensson bo med Svensson? : Effekter av flyktinginvandring på svenskföddas flyttbeteende
- 2018
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Invandringen till Sverige har gjort att befolkningen både ökat i storlek och fått en förändrad sammansättning. År 2018 är andelen utlandsfödda 18 procent, och under de senare årtiondena har ökningen i denna andel drivits främst av invandring från länder utanför Europa. I denna rapport studerar vi hur den ökade invandringen, och specifikt flyktinginvandringen, påverkat svenskföddas flyttbeteenden. Förutom att undersöka hur flyttbeteenden påverkas, analyserar vi även varför. Vi finner överlag väldigt små effekter på flyttbeteendet; vissa svenskfödda lämnar visserligen sitt grannskap till följd av ökad invandring, men nettoeffekten av ut- och inflyttningen är inte statistiskt skild från noll. Vidare finner vi att i den mån vissa svenskfödda flyttar, är det på grund av den förändrade socioekonomiska sammansättningen som följer av invandringen, snarare än en förändrad etnisk sammansättning. Med andra ord finner vi att ”rik och välutbildad” vill bo med ”rik och välutbildad” snarare än att ”Svensson vill bo med Svensson”.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Andersson Svahn, Helene, et al.
(författare)
-
Single cells or large populations?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 7:5, s. 544-546
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 23. |
- Bengtsson, Kajsa Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Health literacy in medication communication during hospital discharge : a qualitative study at an internal medicines ward in Norway
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective When discharged from hospital patients are often assumed to have sufficient health literacy (HL) to participate in their medical treatment and manage medical self-care after discharge. However, limited HL is a widespread concern and patient participation during discharge is lacking. In this study, we explore how HL influences medication communication during hospital discharge.Design A qualitative case study, comprising unstructured observations of patient–healthcare personnel (HCP) encounters followed by semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using content analysis.Setting An internal medicines ward at a university hospital in Norway.Participant Fifteen patients aged 40–89 years were included close to the day of discharge.Results The following themes describing dimensions of HL emerged: (1) access, (2) understand, (3) appraise and (4) apply. Most patients sought access to medication information from HCP, while some felt dependent on HCP to provide it. However, their abilities to understand, evaluate and make informed decisions were challenged, partly because HCPs’ ability to adapt their communication to the patient’s knowledgebase varied.Conclusion The results give a broader understanding of how HL influences medication communication during hospital discharge. To consider central dimensions of HL is important to achieve optimal medication communication, as the communication only can be exercised within the frames of the patient’s HL. The findings in this study support that HL should be described as a shared responsibility between the patients and HCP. Attention should be focused to the HCP’s responsibility to adapt the communication to the patient’s knowledgebase.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Bra liv i Gårdsten: När invånarna själva för råda
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport beskriver ett projekt som drivs av några invånare från Gårdsten och en forskargrupp från Göteborgs Universitet och Västra Götalandsregionen. Målet för projektet är att identifiera vad som gör att man kan leva ett gott och hälsosamt liv i Gårdsten samt att föreslå och initiera förändringar. Vi har vid ett antal träffar pratat om hur vardagen fungerar i Gårdsten, vad som är bra för hälsan och vad som skulle kunna förbättras. I den processen har vi använt en forskningsmetod som innebär att alla ska kunna komma till tals och påverka (GLA – Group Level Assessment). I slutet av varje träff har vi tillsammans bestämt hur vi går vidare och forskargruppen har dokumenterat och sammanställt det som hänt. Bland annat har vi haft en utställning, där vi bjöd in fler invånare och företrädare för myndigheter och organisationer i Gårdsten. Dessa aktiviteter har resulterat i förslag på konkreta insatser. Fler mötesplatser behövs och kommunikationen mellan människorna kan bli mycket bättre. Det har också framkommit att tryggheten och känslan av tillhörighet behöver stärkas. Önskemålen om bättre kommunikation, trygghet och tillhörighet har i sin tur har lett till att några jobbar vidare på att öppna ett språkkafé. En grupp har också tagit initiativ till att bjuda in representanter för hälso- och sjukvården för att prata om munhälsa respektive hälsosam mat. Detta var lätt att ordna eftersom både Folktandvården och Angereds Närsjukhus har sådant utåtriktat arbete som en del av sina uppdrag. Genom projektet tas alltså dessa resurser nu i bruk av invånarna. Slutligen kan man säga om detta projekt att det startat idéer, diskussioner och handlingar som förhoppningsvis kommer att fortsätta bidra till Gårdstens utveckling.
|
|
| 26. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
The influence of portion size and timing of meals on weight balance and obesity
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Current Obesity Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2162-4968. ; 4:1, s. 11-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review focuses on the influence of portion size and temporal distribution of food intake on weight balance and obesity in adults. The inconsistency of definitions in the area of meal patterns is also discussed. The conclusion is that regular eating habits might facilitate weight balance, while unplanned snacking as well as consuming the major part of the energy intake at the end of the day seem to be unfavourable. Altogether, the research suggests that large portions promote over-consumption and, therefore, limiting portion size of energy dense foods and drinks with added sugar could be recommended. Even if more research is needed, these factors should be taken into consideration in recommendations for obesity prevention.
|
|
| 27. |
- Berg, Heléne
(författare)
-
On the returns to holding political office (Is it worth it?)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 178, s. 840-865
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper estimates causal effects of being elected in a local election on monetary returns. The claim for causality is made in a research design where the income of some candidate who just barely won a seat is compared to that of some other candidate who was close to winning a seat for the same party, but ultimately did not. This research design is made possible thanks to a comprehensive, detailed data set covering all Swedish politicians who have run for office in the period 1991-2006. The analysis establishes that monetary returns from local politics are absent both in the short and long run. By relating this null result to effects on the future political career, the paper provides suggestive evidence that local politicians are not primarily motivated by money.
|
|
| 28. |
- Berg, Heléne
(författare)
-
Politicians' payments in a proportional party system
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Economic Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2921 .- 1873-572X. ; 128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are there monetary returns to politics? This question is approached in this paper, as one of few to quantify the monetary returns to holding political office in a country with proportional representation system. I apply a difference-in-difference setting with a carefully chosen control group to rich data on candidates to the Swedish national parliament. Both shortand long-run effects of being elected on different types of income are estimated. Results show that, yes, mostly thanks to relatively high remuneration while still in office, politics can yield positive monetary returns. In the long-run however, the effect is instead compositional in the sense that ex-politicians receive more pension income and work less.
|
|
| 29. |
- Berg, Heléne, et al.
(författare)
-
Post-WWI Military Disarmament and Interwar Fascism : Evidence from Sweden
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emergence of anti-democratic movements is a central puzzle to social science. We study a novel and rich dataset covering Swedish municipalities during the interwar years and find a strong link between the presence of a military garrison and the emergence of fascist parties. We interpret these results as suggesting that fascist mobilization in Sweden was driven by discontent with the process of disarmament brought about by democratization. By contrast, economic hard times, as captured by local poverty and the size of the tax base, seem to have little connection with such parties. We relate these results to influential theories of democratization.
|
|
| 30. |
- Berg, Heléne, et al.
(författare)
-
Post-WWI military disarmament and interwar fascism in Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440 .- 1940-1906. ; 52:1, s. 37-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of anti-democratic movements is a central puzzle to social science. We study a novel and rich historical dataset covering Swedish municipalities during the interwar years and find a strong link between the presence of a military garrison and the emergence of fascist parties. We interpret these results as suggesting that fascist mobilization in Sweden was driven by discontent with the process of disarmament brought about by democratization. In contrast, poor economic conditions, as captured both by levels of and changes in the local poverty rate and tax base, do not explain the strong link between the fascists and military garrisons. We relate these results to influential theories of democratization.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Canzian, Federico, et al.
(författare)
-
Comprehensive analysis of common genetic variation in 61 genes related to steroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I metabolism and breast cancer risk in the NCI breast and prostate cancer cohort consortium.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 19:19, s. 3873-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is extensive evidence that increases in blood and tissue concentrations of steroid hormones and of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are associated with breast cancer risk. However, studies of common variation in genes involved in steroid hormone and IGF-I metabolism have yet to provide convincing evidence that such variants predict breast cancer risk. The Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) is a collaboration of large US and European cohorts. We genotyped 1416 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 37 steroid hormone metabolism genes and 24 IGF-I pathway genes in 6292 cases of breast cancer and 8135 controls, mostly Caucasian, postmenopausal women from the BPC3. We also imputed 3921 additional SNPs in the regions of interest. None of the SNPs tested was significantly associated with breast cancer risk, after correction for multiple comparisons. The results remained null when cases and controls were stratified by age at diagnosis/recruitment, advanced or nonadvanced disease, body mass index, with or without in situ cases; or restricted to Caucasians. Among 770 estrogen receptor-negative cases, an SNP located 3' of growth hormone receptor (GHR) was marginally associated with increased risk after correction for multiple testing (P(trend) = 1.5 × 10(-4)). We found no significant overall associations between breast cancer and common germline variation in 61 genes involved in steroid hormone and IGF-I metabolism in this large, comprehensive study. Although previous studies have shown that variations in these genes can influence endogenous hormone levels, the magnitude of the effect of single SNPs does not appear to be sufficient to alter breast cancer risk.
|
|
| 34. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnic Diversity and Preferencesfor Redistribution : Reply
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 119:2, s. 288-294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this reply, we briefly respond to three of the issues raised: possible measures of preferences for redistribution, sample selection bias, and the use of the refugee placement policy as an instrument for immigration.
|
|
| 35. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Revisiting the Relationship between Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution : Reply
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 119:2, s. 288-294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we respond to the comments raised by Nekby and Pettersson-Lidbom on our paper Dahlberg et al. (2012, Journal of Political Economy 120, 41-76). We argue that our estimates are internally valid, but we acknowledge that the external validity could have been discussed more thoroughly.
|
|
| 36. |
- Dirksen, Uta, et al.
(författare)
-
High-Dose Chemotherapy Compared With Standard Chemotherapy and Lung Radiation in Ewing Sarcoma With Pulmonary Metastases : Results of the European Ewing Tumour Working Initiative of National Groups, 99 Trial and EWING 2008
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X. ; 37:34, s. 3192-3202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The R2Pulm trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of busulfan-melphalan high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue (BuMel) without whole-lung irradiation (WLI) on event-free survival (main end point) and overall survival, compared with standard chemotherapy with WLI in Ewing sarcoma (ES) presenting with pulmonary and/or pleural metastases. METHODS: From 2000 to 2015, we enrolled patients younger than 50 years of age with newly diagnosed ES and with only pulmonary or pleural metastases. Patients received chemotherapy with six courses of vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) and one course of vincristine, dactinomycin, and ifosfamide (VAI) before either BuMel or seven courses of VAI and WLI (VAI plus WLI) by randomized assignment. The analysis was conducted as intention to treat. The estimates of the hazard ratio (HR), 95% CI, and P value were corrected for the three previous interim analyses by the inverse normal method. RESULTS: Of 543 potentially eligible patients, 287 were randomly assigned to VAI plus WLI (n = 143) or BuMel (n = 144). Selected patients requiring radiotherapy to an axial primary site were excluded from randomization to avoid excess organ toxicity from interaction between radiotherapy and busulfan. Median follow-up was 8.1 years. We did not observe any significant difference in survival outcomes between treatment groups. Event-free survival was 50.6% versus 56.6% at 3 years and 43.1% versus 52.9% at 8 years, for VAI plus WLI and BuMel patients, respectively, resulting in an HR of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.56 to 1.10; P = .16). For overall survival, the HR was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.70 to 1.44; P = .99). Four patients died as a result of BuMel-related toxicity, and none died after VAI plus WLI. Significantly more patients in the BuMel arm experienced severe acute toxicities than in the VAI plus WLI arm. CONCLUSION: In ES with pulmonary or pleural metastases, there is no clear benefit from BuMel compared with conventional VAI plus WLI.
|
|
| 37. |
- Eidhammer Rognan, Stine, et al.
(författare)
-
'The way you talk, do I have a choice?' : Patient narratives of medication decision-making during hospitalization
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveBased on the principle of the autonomy of the patient, shared decision-making (SDM) is the ideal approach in clinical encounters. In SDM, patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) share knowledge and power when faced with the task of making decisions. However, patients are often not involved in the decision-making process. In this study, we explore medication decision-making during hospitalization and how power in the specific patient—HCP relationship is articulated, as analysed by Foucauldian theory.MethodsA qualitative case study, comprising observations of patient-HCP encounters at an internal medicines ward at a university hospital in Norway, followed by semi-structured interviews. The narratives (n = 4 patients) were selected from a larger study (n = 15 patients). The rationale behind the choice of these patients was to include diverse and rich accounts. The four patients in their 40s–70s were included close to the day of presumed discharge.ResultsThe narratives provide an insight into the patients as persons, their perspectives, including what mattered to them during their hospitalization, especially in relation to medications. Overall, SDM was not observed in this study. Even though all the participants actively tried to keep their autonomous capacity and to resist the HCPs’ use of power, they were not able to change the established dynamics. Moreover, they were not allowed an equal voice to those of HCPs and thus not to escape the system’s objectification and subjectification of them.ConclusionThere is a need for HCPs to get more familiarized with SDM. The healthcare system and the individual HCP need to make more room for dialogue with the patients about their preferences. A part of this is also how health care systems are structured and scheduled, thus, it is important to empower patients and HCPs alike.
|
|
| 38. |
- Emmelkamp, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Planar nanoneedles on-chip for intracellular measurements
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Micro Total Analysis Systems - Proceedings of MicroTAS 2005 Conference. - : Transducers Research Foundations. - 0974361119 - 9780974361116 ; , s. 400-402
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present for the first time a functional planar SiN-nanoneedle system for intracellular mass transport and in vivo electrophysiological measurements on-chip. Though several micro- or nanoneedles for cell research have been described in literature, no needles of this small size equipped with nanosized inner channels or electrodes have been reported. A propidium iodide assay verifies the excellent penetration performance of the nanoneedles with diminished leakage from the cell after insertion and release of the needle from HL60-cells. Hollow needles connected to on-chip sub-picoliter electrochemical dosing systems are in development.
|
|
| 39. |
- Emmelkamp, J., et al.
(författare)
-
The potential of autofluorescence for the detection of single living cells for label-free cell sorting in microfluidic systems
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : Wiley. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 25:21-22, s. 3740-3745
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel method for studying unlabeled living mammalian cells based on their autofluorescence (AF) signal in a prototype microfluidic device is presented. When combined, cellular AF detection and microfluidic devices have the potential to facilitate high-throughput analysis of different cell populations. To demonstrate this, unlabeled cultured cells in microfluidic devices were excited with a 488 nm excitation light and the AF emission (> 505 nm) was detected using a confocal fluorescence microscope (CFM). For example, a simple microfluidic three-port glass microstructure was used together with conventional electroosmotic flow (EOF) to switch the direction of the fluid flow. As a means to test the potential of AF-based cell sorting in this microfluidic device, granulocytes were successfully differentiated from human red blood cells (RBCs) based on differences in AF This study demonstrated the use of a simple microfabricated device to perform high-throughput live cell detection and differentiation without the need for cell-specific fluorescent labeling dyes and thereby reducing the sample preparation time. Hence, the combined use of microfluidic devices and cell AF may have many applications in single-cell analysis.
|
|
| 40. |
- Fabris, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of presentation and transfer delays on complete ST-segment resolution before primary percutaneous coronary intervention : insights from the ATLANTIC trial.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: EuroIntervention. - 1774-024X .- 1969-6213. ; 13:1, s. 69-77
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify predictors of complete ST-segment resolution (STR) pre-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients enrolled in the ATLANTIC trial.METHODS AND RESULTS: ECGs recorded at the time of inclusion (pre-hospital [pre-H]-ECG) and in the catheterisation laboratory before angiography (pre-PCI-ECG) were analysed by an independent core laboratory. Complete STR was defined as ≥70%. Complete STR occurred pre-PCI in 12.8% (204/1,598) of patients and predicted lower 30-day composite MACCE (OR=0.10, 95% CI: 0.002-0.57, p=0.001) and total mortality (OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.004-0.95, p=0.035). Independent predictors of complete STR included the time from index event to pre-H-ECG (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-1.00, p=0.035), use of heparins before pre-PCI-ECG (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.25-2.45, p=0.001) and time from pre-H-ECG to pre-PCI-ECG (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16, p=0.005). In the pre-H ticagrelor group, patients with complete STR had a significantly longer delay between pre-H-ECG and pre-PCI-ECG compared to patients without complete STR (median 53 [44-73] vs. 49 [38.5-61] mins, p=0.001); however, this was not observed in the control group (in-hospital ticagrelor) (50 [40-67] vs. 49 [39-61] mins, p=0.258).CONCLUSIONS: Short patient delay, early administration of anticoagulant and ticagrelor if a long transfer delay is expected may help to achieve reperfusion prior to PCI. Pre-H treatment may be beneficial in patients with longer transfer delays, allowing the drug to become biologically active.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Johansson Wensman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Markers of Borna disease virus infection in cats with staggering disease
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. - 1098-612X .- 1532-2750. ; 14, s. 573-582
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Borna disease virus (BDV) is a RNA-virus causing neurological disorders in a wide range of mammals. In cats, BDV infection may cause staggering disease. Presently, staggering disease is a tentative clinical diagnosis, only confirmed at necropsy. In this study, cats with staggering disease were investigated to study markers of BDV infection aiming for improvement of current diagnostics. Nineteen cats fulfilled the inclusion criteria based on neurological signs and pathological findings. In 17/19 cats, BDV infection markers (BDV-specific antibodies and/or BDV-RNA) were found, and antibodies in serum (13/16, 81%) were the most common marker. BDV-RNA was found in 11/19 cats (58%). In a reference population without neurological signs, 4/25 cats were seropositive (16%). The clinical history and neurological signs in combination with presence of BDV infection markers, where serology and rRT-PCR on blood can be helpful tools, improve the diagnostic accuracy in the living cat.
|
|
| 43. |
- Komen, Job, et al.
(författare)
-
Viability analysis and apoptosis induction of breast cancer cells in a microfluidic device : effect of cytostatic drugs
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Biomedical microdevices (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-2176 .- 1572-8781. ; 10:5, s. 727-737
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among non-smoking women worldwide. At the moment the treatment regime is such that patients receive different chemotherapeutic and/or hormonal treatments dependent on the hormone receptor status, the menopausal status and age. However, in vitro sensitivity testing of tumor biopsies could rationalize and improve the choice of chemo-and hormone therapy. Lab-on-a-Chip devices, using microfluidic techniques, make detailed cellular analysis possible using fewer cells, enabling working with a patients' own cells and performing chemo-and hormone sensitivity testing in an ex vivo setting. This article describes the development of two microfluidic devices made in poly(dimethylsiloxane) PDMS) to validate the cell culture properties and analyze the chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells (estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cells) in response to the drug staurosporine (SSP). In both cases, cell viability was assessed using the life-stain Calcein-AM (CAAM) and the death dye propidium iodide (PI). MCF-7 cells could be statically cultured for up to 7 days in the microfluidic chip. A 30 min flow with SSP and a subsequent 24 h static incubation in the incubator induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as shown by a disappearance of the aggregate-like morphology, a decrease in CAAM staining and an increase in PI staining. This work provides valuable leads to develop a microfluidic chip to test the chemosensitivity of tumor cells in response to therapeutics and in this way improve cancer treatment towards personalized medicine.
|
|
| 44. |
- Magnusson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Facilitating health promoting ideas and actions: participatory research in an underserved Swedish residential area.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For an intervention to contribute to decreased health gaps, people living in underserved areas must participate in the research-to-action process during the development of the intervention. The purpose of this study was to collaborate with residents living in a Swedish underserved area to generate health and wellness priorities and actions.We applied Group Level Assessment (GLA) together with people living in a Swedish neighborhood where obesity, dental caries and other illnesses are prevalent. GLA is a qualitative, participatory methodology that is designed for a large group to generate and evaluate relevant needs and priorities within a lens of action for positive social change. Residents were recruited by posters, postcards and snowball sampling. In total, 47 residents participated. Eight GLA sessions were held over a five-month time period.The GLA sessions resulted in reflections, proposals and actions for change by the residents. Adolescent and parent need for support, improved communication and more meeting places were highlighted as priorities for promoting health and well-being. The results were presented for stakeholders in a report and an exhibition and some of the participants started a language café.GLA emphasised the participants' perspective. The participatory process helped them identify what they thought valuable and relevant concerning health issues and supported them in taking actions to achieve change.
|
|
| 45. |
- Purdue, Mark P, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide association study of renal cell carcinoma identifies two susceptibility loci on 2p21 and 11q13.3
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 43:1, s. 60-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 3,772 affected individuals (cases) and 8,505 controls of European background from 11 studies and followed up 6 SNPs in 3 replication studies of 2,198 cases and 4,918 controls. Two loci on the regions of 2p21 and 11q13.3 were associated with RCC susceptibility below genome-wide significance. Two correlated variants (r² = 0.99 in controls), rs11894252 (P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁸) and rs7579899 (P = 2.3 × 10⁻⁹), map to EPAS1 on 2p21, which encodes hypoxia-inducible-factor-2 alpha, a transcription factor previously implicated in RCC. The second locus, rs7105934, at 11q13.3, contains no characterized genes (P = 7.8 × 10⁻¹⁴). In addition, we observed a promising association on 12q24.31 for rs4765623, which maps to SCARB1, the scavenger receptor class B, member 1 gene (P = 2.6 × 10⁻⁸). Our study reports previously unidentified genomic regions associated with RCC risk that may lead to new etiological insights.
|
|
| 46. |
- Rognan, Stine Eidhammer, et al.
(författare)
-
Empowering the patient? Medication communication during hospital discharge : a qualitative study at an internal medicines ward in Norway
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Effective communication and patient empowerment before hospital discharge are important steps to ensure medication safety. Patients discharged from hospitals are often expected to assume self-management, frequently without healthcare personnel (HCP) having ensured patients' knowledge, motivation and/or skills. In this substudy of a larger study, we explore how patients experience medication communication during encounters with HCPs and how they are empowered at hospital discharge. Design This is a qualitative case study. Data collection was done through qualitative observations of patient-HCP encounters, semistructured interviews with patients and drug reconciliation. Data were analysed using content analysis. Setting An internal medicines ward at a university hospital in Norway. Participants Nine patients aged 49-90 years were included close to the day of discharge. Results The analysis revealed the following themes: (1) patient-centred care (PCC), which included 'understanding and involvement in the patient-as-person', 'establishment of a therapeutic alliance', and 'sharing power and responsibility'; and (2) biomedical (conventional) care, including the subthemes 'HCPs in power and control' and 'optimising medical outcomes, following guidelines'. Even though the elements of PCC were observed in several encounters, overall communication was not sufficiently fostering patient empowerment. Spending time with patients and building relations based on mutual trust seemed undervalued. Conclusions The results provide a broader understanding of how patients experience medication communication at hospital discharge. Both the patients and the HCPs appear to be inculcated with biomedical traditions and are uncertain about the roles and opportunities associated with PCC. Attention should be paid to patient preferences and to the core elements of the PCC model from admission to discharge to empower patients in medication self-management.
|
|
| 47. |
- Stening, Kent, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of estrogen levels on thermal perception, pain thresholds and pain tolerance : Studies on women undergoing in vitro fertilization
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-5900 .- 1528-8447. ; 13:5, s. 459-466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the relationship between estrogen and pain in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Quantitative sensory tests (QST) were performed twice during the IVF-regimen: once during hormonal down-regulation and once during hormonal upregulation. A group of healthy men and a group of women using monophasic contraceptives were also examined, to control for session-to-session effects. Among the women undergoing IVF, serum 17β-estradiol levels differed strongly between treatments as expected, and increased from 65.7 (SD = 26) pmol/l during the downregulation phase, to 5188 (SD = 2524) pmol/l during the up-regulation phase. Significant outcomes in the QST were only seen for temperature perception thresholds (1.7°C vs. 2.2°C; P = 0.003) and cold pain threshold (11.5°C vs. 14.5°C; P = 0.04). A similar change in cold pain threshold was also seen in the two control groups, however, and statistical analysis suggested that this change was due to a session-to-session effect rather than being the result of hormonal modulation. Heat pain thresholds, heat tolerance, pressure pain thresholds, and the cold pressor test showed no significant differences between sessions. These data demonstrate that pain perception and pain thresholds in healthy women show little, if any, changes even with major variations in serum estradiol levels.
|
|
| 48. |
- Valero, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Apoptotic cell death dynamics of HL60 cells studied using a microfluidic cell trap device
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 5:1, s. 49-55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the design, fabrication and first results of a microfluidic cell trap device for analysis of apoptosis. The microfluidic silicon-glass chip enables the immobilization of cells and real-time monitoring of the apoptotic process. Induction of apoptosis, either electric field mediated or chemically induced with tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), in combination with cycloheximide (CHX), was addressed. Exposure of cells to the appropriate fluorescent dyes, FLICA and PI, allows one to discriminate between viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells. The results showed that the onset of apoptosis and the transitions during the course of the cell death cascade were followed in chemically induced apoptotic HL60 cells. For the case of electric field mediated cell death, the distinction between apoptotic and necrotic stage was not clear. This paper presents the first results to analyse programmed cell death dynamics using this apoptosis chip and a first step towards an integrated apoptosis chip for high-throughput drug screening on a single cellular level.
|
|
| 49. |
- Weibull, Emilie, 1982-
(författare)
-
Miniaturised Microwell-based Cell Assays
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cell heterogeneity in genetically identical cell populations is becoming a well-known and important phenomenon in cell biology. Current methods commonly utilise population-based analysis founded on averaged result. Hence there is a need for high-throughput cell assays on the single-cell level. By using miniaturised devices it is possible to enhance spatial and temporal control of the individual cells, increase the potential throughput and minimise the needed sample and reagent volume while enabling a wide range of biological applications.This thesis is based on the results generated with a miniaturised microwell slide for cell assays. The microwell slide’s high-throughput compartmentalised configuration enables several hundred isolated experiments to be run simultaneously. The bottom of the wells is made out of a thin glass slide, which supports high-resolution imaging. The slide has a standardised format and its’ compatibility with conventional instruments is used extensively throughout the thesis. The presented papers all contribute to the development of the microwell slide by adding technical value or increasing the number of potential applications. For example, the slide was success-fully implemented as a chip-to-world output format for single microfluidic droplets in Paper I, by interfacing two miniaturised systems with fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In Paper II and III, microfluidic channels were integrated to increase spatial and temporal control of the added samples and reagents. In Paper II an automated stepwise concentration gradient generator was developed delivering a drug gradient to adherent mammalian cells in designated wells. In Paper III fluidic-imposed shear stress on endothelial cells was studied. In Paper IV, the slide was functionalised by coating the surfaces of the wells with several antibiotics at a defined concentration range. The coated slide was used for multiplex antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens, using an algorithm-based identification of the point defining lag to exponential phase transition. It successfully determined the pathogens susceptibility profile in 3-5 hours. Finally, in Paper V, a method to retrieve bacteria colonies with a desired phenotype from the wells for downstream genetic analysis was developed. In summary, the presented work has furthered the development of miniaturised high-throughput tools for various cell heterogeneity assays.
|
|
| 50. |
- Wolbers, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Apoptosis induced kinetic changes in autofluorescence of cultured HL60 cells-possible application for single cell analysis on chip
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Apoptosis (London). - 1360-8185 .- 1573-675X. ; 9:6, s. 749-755
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This paper presents a new method using natural cellular fluorescence (autofluorescence, AF) to study apoptosis. Measurement of AF reduces sample preparation time and avoids cellular toxicity due to the fact that no labelling is required. Methods: Human promyelocytic leukemic HL60 cells were incubated with camptothecin (CPT), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in combination with cycloheximide (CHX), or irradiated with 6 or 10 Gray, during varying time periods, to initiate apoptosis. AF was measured at the flow cytometer. Results: Induction of apoptosis results in the shrinkage of the cell and the fragmentation into apoptotic bodies. With flow cytometry, 4 subpopulations, viable, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and the necrotic cells, can be distinguished. Induction of apoptosis results in a decrease in AF intensity compared to untreated HL60 cells, especially seen in the late apoptotic subpopulation. The AF intensity is found to decrease significantly in time (between 2 h and 24 h) for all the four apoptotic inducers used. Conclusions: Our results show that it is possible to specifically measure the apoptotic-induced kinetic changes in AF in HL60 cells. A decrease in AF intensity is seen from 2 h till 24 h. These results open a door for future developments in single-cell analysis.
|
|
