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| 2. |
- Hallersund, Peter, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Angiotensin II receptor expression and relation to Helicobacter pylori-infection in the stomach of the Mongolian gerbil.
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC gastroenterology. - 1471-230X. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The role of the renin-angiotensin system in gastric physiology and disease has as yet been sparsely explored. The first aim of the study was to investigate the baseline presence and location of angiotensin II receptors (AT1R and AT2R) in the stomach of the Mongolian gerbil. A second aim was to elucidate whether the presence of H. pylori infection is associated with changes in the expression of these receptors. METHODS: H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-infected (strain SS1 or TN2GF4) male Mongolian gerbils were investigated. The stomachs were examined at six or 12 months after inoculation by the use of immunohistochemistry, western blot and microscopic morphometry. RESULTS: AT1R and AT2R were located in a variety of cells in the gerbil gastric wall, including a subpopulation of endocrine cells in the antral mucosa and inflammatory cells infiltrating H. pylori-infected stomachs. Gerbils infected with the SS1 strain showed a significantly increased antral AT1R protein expression and an increased number of infiltrating polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) at 12 months. The AT1R protein expression correlated with the number of PMNs and the antral expression of myeloperoxidase. CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin II receptors are present in a variety of cells in the gastric wall of the Mongolian gerbil. The results indicate an influence dependent on the H. pylori strain on the gastric AT1R expression and a relationship between gastric AT1R expression and mucosal PMNs infiltration.
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| 3. |
- Hallersund, Peter, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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The expression of renin-angiotensin system components in the human gastric mucosa.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1752-8976 .- 1470-3203. ; 12:1, s. 54-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: : The aim of the present study was to map the distribution of representative protein components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the human gastric mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: : Biopsies from the antral and corporal mucosa of healthy Helicobacter pylori negative and positive volunteers were assessed by histology, Western blot and immunohistochemistry for angiotensin II subtype 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R, AT2R) and other RAS components (angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin converting enzyme, and neprilysin). Mucosal levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) served as a protein marker of neutrophil infiltration. RESULTS: : AT1R and AT2R were located in a variety of cells in the human gastric mucosa, including AT1R on a subpopulation of endocrine cells in the antral mucosa. Angiotensinogen and renin were expressed by resident mesenchymal cells in lamina propria. All investigated RAS components were found in vascular endothelial cells. The AT1R protein expression was 3-4 times higher in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori positive subjects compared to the gastric mucosa of H. pylori negative subjects (p<0.05). Gastric mucosal AT1R protein expression correlated positively with neutrophil infiltration (r=0.7, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: : Protein components of RAS are present in the human gastric mucosa. The results suggest an angiotensin II mediated impact on mucosal epithelial functions, antral endocrine properties, microvascular permeability, and gastric inflammation.
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- Helander, Herbert F, 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Surface area of the digestive tract – revisited
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 49:6, s. 681-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. According to textbooks, the human gut mucosa measures 260–300 m2, that is, in the order of a tennis court. However, the quantitative data are incomplete and sometimes conflicting. Objectives. To review the literature regarding the mucosal surface area of the human digestive tract; to collect morphometric data from the parts of the gut where such data are missing; and to recalculate the mucosal surface area of the intestine in man. Methods. With focus on the intestine, we carried out morphometry by light and electron microscopy on biopsies from healthy adult volunteers or patients with endoscopically normal mucosae. Results. Literature review of intubation or radiological methods indicates an oroanal length of 5 m, two-third of which refers to the small intestine. However, there is a considerable variation between individuals. The inner diameter of the small intestine averages 2.5 cm and that of the large intestine averages 4.8 cm. The mucosa of the small intestine is enlarged 1.6 times by the plicae circulares. Morphometric data obtained by light and electron microscopy of biopsies demonstrate that villi and microvilli together amplify the small intestinal surface area by 60–120 times. Surface amplification due to microvilli in the colon is 6.5 times. The mean total mucosal surface of the digestive tract interior averages 32 m2, of which about 2 m2 refers to the large intestine. Conclusion. The total area of the human adult gut mucosa is not in the order of tennis lawn, rather is that of half a badminton court.
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| 5. |
- Helander, Herbert F, 1935, et al.
(författare)
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The enteroendocrine "letter cells" - time for a new nomenclature?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 47:1, s. 3-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the pancreas, referred to as the enteroendocrine cells, secrete a large variety of peptides and amines that regulate functions of the digestive tract itself and of distant organs. Taken together, the enteroendocrine cells form the largest system of endocrine cells in the body, presently comprising 16 cell types. Many of them have been named after letters of the alphabet, but the names are only occasionally related to morphological or functional characteristics of the cell. In this review of the normal, adult, mammalian enteroendocrine cells, we summarize synonyms, functions, locations, structure, stored hormones/amines, receptors, and other cellular expressions. We propose that the enteroendocrine cells should be renamed after their most well-known hormone/amine and, when applicable, their anatomical location, with opportunities for future revisions.
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| 6. |
- Siripongpokin, P., et al.
(författare)
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Health risk assessment and DNA damage of volatile organic compounds in car painting houses
- 2014
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Ingår i: EnvironmentAsia. - 1906-1714. ; 7:2, s. 142-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Car painters who work near volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sources, including paints, solvents and painting processes may be exposed to highly elevated VOCs levels. This study investigates air samples from car painting houses in in Thailand to evaluate the health risks following inhalation exposure. Personal air samplings were obtained at nine garages in Phitsanulok, Thailand from June to September 2012. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and styrene in the air workplaces were significantly higher than in a control group of office workers (p<0.05). Toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene were the most abundant species. However, all VOCs in these air samples were lower than TWA limit of Thailand and the OSHA standard. The lifetime cancer and non-cancer risks for the workers exposed to VOCs were also assessed. The average lifetime cancer risk was 41.0 (38.2-47.2) per million, which is in the acceptable risk. The average lifetime non-cancer risk, the HI, was 0.962 (0.643-1.397), which is well below the reference hazard level. Urine samples, collected after 8-h work periods which were analyzed for VOCs metabolites, including t,t muconic acid, hippuric acid, mandelic acid and m-hippuric acid, demonstrate that the average levels of metabolites in car painters and in controls were close. All VOCs metabolites in urine samples were lower than BEI of ACGIH standard. Blood samples, collected after 8-h work periods which were analyzed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. The DNA damage, assessed by tail moment, demonstrates that the average of tail moment in car painters were significantly higher than in the controls (p<0.05).
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| 7. |
- Spak, Emma, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the mucosa of the Roux-limb after gastric bypass surgery.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Histopathology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2559 .- 0309-0167. ; 57:5, s. 680-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is the most efficient treatment of morbid obesity, but the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the Roux-limb mucosa after gastric bypass surgery, focusing upon basic morphology and inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Jejunal mucosal samples from the Roux-limb were gathered from eight patients at time of surgery and 6-8 months postsurgery. Histological evaluation of inflammation and morphometric investigations were performed, cell proliferation was assessed using immunohistochemistry and inflammatory markers and angiotensin (Ang) II receptors were detected using Western blot. Cell proliferation increased and villous surface area decreased in the Roux-limb mucosa but no signs of active inflammation were observed after surgery. Protein analyses showed increased levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the Ang II type 1(AT(1)) receptor after surgery, whereas the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine and the Ang II type 2(AT(2)) receptor remained constant. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the phenotype of the jejunal mucosa changes once exposed to undigested food and the increased microbial load in the Roux-limb after surgery.
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