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- Gissler, M, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in child and adolescent mortality in the Nordic countries, 1981--2000
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:4, s. 340-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Unlike the situation for infant and adult mortality, there are only a few studies on child and adolescent mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in child and adolescent mortality by age and cohort in four Nordic countries over a 20-year period. Methods: Data on all live-born children were received from national population-covering birth registries from 1981 to 2000 (Denmark, n = 1,184,926; Finland, n = 841,470 (from 1987 to 2000); Norway, n = 1,090,127; and Sweden, n = 1,961,911). Data on mortality and causes of death until the age of 20 years were received from the national cause-of-death registers. Results: The overall mortality rates were higher in Denmark and Norway than in Finland and Sweden, among both boys and girls, and the difference between countries increased over time. In all countries, boys had higher mortality rates than girls. Overall, the sex difference was larger in Denmark and Norway (36% and 33% higher, respectively) than in Finland and Sweden (both 24%). The sex differences were more pronounced for deaths of those aged 5—19 years than for those aged 0—4 years. Twelve per cent of all deaths among boys and 10% of those among girls were due to external causes, mainly unintentional injury deaths or intentional deaths. For children and adolescents aged 5—19 years, the corresponding figures were 43% for boys and 35% for girls. Conclusions: Boys have excess mortality, but the sex difference is lower in countries with lower mortality. Boys' excess mortality was only partly accounted for by deaths from external causes. Avoidable deaths and causes of death need further investigation.
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- Landgren, O, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of autoimmunity and subsequent chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Nordic countries
- 2006
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 108:1, s. 292-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate risk of developing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) associated with personal and/or family history of autoimmune and related diseases. Data were obtained for all (n = 7764) patients diagnosed with CLL in Sweden and Denmark over a 40-year period and with linkable relatives, 16 658 matched control subjects, and first-degree relatives of patients (n = 17 991) and control subjects (n = 39 388). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to quantify risk of CLL in relation to personal/family history of 32 autoimmune and related disorders. The risk of CLL was significantly increased among subjects with a personal history of pernicious anemia (OR = 1.94; 1.18-3.18), mainly in the 0- to 1-year latency period. A significantly decreased risk of CLL was found among individuals with a personal history of chronic rheumatic heart disease (OR = 0.55; 0.33-0.93), particularly persons with a long latency (10+ years) between the 2 conditions. We found no association between personal or familial occurrence of other autoimmune or related disorders and CLL. If our results are confirmed, mechanistic studies examining how pernicious anemia might promote increased occurrence of CLL and how chronic rheumatic heart disease protects against CLL, perhaps related to long-term antibiotics use, may provide insights to the as-yet-unknown etiology of CLL. (Blood. 2006;108:292-296)
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